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GIO TRNH M UN
TN M UN : VN HNH,
BO DNG T IN IU
KHIN CNG
M S: M 06
NGH:QUN L CNG TRNH THY NNG
Trnh : S cp ngh
TUYN B BN QUYN
Ti liu ny thuc loi sch gio trnh ni b cho nn cc ngun thng
tin c th c php dng nguyn bn hoc trch dng cho cc mc ch v
o to v tham kho.
Mi mc ch khc c lch lc hoc s dng vi mc ch kinh
doanh thiu lnh mnh s b nghim cm.
M TI LIU: M 06
LI GII THIU
Ngh qun l cng trnh thy nng nhm trang b cho hc vin hc
ngh ti cc trng dy ngh v cc trung tm dy ngh nhng kin thc v
qun l nc, vt liu xy dng, mt s kin thc v in...vi cc kin thc
ny hc vin c th p dng trc tip vo lnh vc sn xut cng nh cng
vic ti cc trm thy nng.
xy dng gio trnh ny chng ti i tham kho ti cc c s :
Cty TNHH nh nc mt thnh vin qun l khai thc cng trnh thy li
Bc ung, Cty TNHH nh nc mt thnh vin u t v pht trin Sng
y. V trao i vi cc chuyn gia trong lnh vc qun l thy nng kt
hp vi kinh nghim thc t chng ti xy dng M un gm 2 bi :
Bi 1 Vn hnh t iu khin cng qua nt bm v khi ng t
Bi 2 Bo dng t iu khin cng qua nt bm v khi ng t
Tuy tc gi c nhiu c gng khi bin son ,nhng gio trnh chc
khng trnh khi nhng khim khuyt .Rt mong nhn c s gp ca
ngi s dng v cc ng nghip
Tham gia bin son
Ban ch nhim
MC LC
MC
TRANG
TUYN B BN QUYN ................................................................................. 1
Gii thiu v M un .......................................................................................... 1
CHNG TRNH M UN O TO: ........................................................ 5
VN HNH, BO DNG T IU KHIN CNG ................................. 5
Bi 1. Vn hnh t iu khin cng qua nt bm v khi ng t ................ 5
1.1 Trang thit b trn t in. ........................................................................... 5
1.1.1. Nt n ..................................................................................................... 5
1.1.2.Nt nhn t phc hi (push button) ...................................................... 5
1.1.3.Nt dng khn (emergency stop) nt nhn khng t phc hi ........ 6
1.1.4.Cng tc (switch) ..................................................................................... 7
1.1.4.Rle in t.............................................................................................. 7
1.1.6. Cng tc t (contactor)........................................................................... 8
1.1.7. Rle thi gian (timer) ............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
HNH 1.13: MT S LOI RLE THI GIANError! Bookmark not defined.
a. R le thi gian tng t ................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
b. R le thi gian s ............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.1.8. Cc thit b bo v ................................................................................ 15
1.2 Nguyn l mch in trn t in. ............................................................. 17
1.2.1. Mch iu khin trc tip ng c my bm dng khi ng t v
nt bm n . .................................................................................................. 17
1.3.Mch o chiu gin tip (s dng nt bm). .......................................... 22
1.3. V s , lp rp v vn hnh mch o chiu quay gin tip KB 1
pha....................................................................................................................... 27
1.4. V s (nguyn l, ni dy) mch iu khin chng trnh vui
cho 3 i A, B, C hot ng nh sau: .............................................................. 27
1.5. Mch o chiu trc tip (s dng nt bm). ........................................ 28
1.6. Mch khi ng ng c KB 3 pha qua cun khng........................... 31
1.7. M my qua bin p t ngu. ................................................................... 37
Bi 2. Bo dng t iu khin cng qua nt bm v khi ng t ........... 39
2.1.Mch iu khin ng c KB 3 pha quay mt chiu. ........................... 40
Chun b dng c, vt t .................................................................................. 41
Nghin cu s mch in ............................................................................ 41
Bn v ................................................................................................................. 41
2.2. Mch m my qua cun khng ................................................................. 44
Chun b dng c, vt t .................................................................................. 45
Nghin cu s mch in ............................................................................ 46
Bn v ................................................................................................................. 46
2.3. Ni dung cng tc bo dng ng c ..................................................... 46
2.3.1 S tho, lp ng c khng ng b 3 pha ..................................... 48
2.3.2. Nhng thit b cn c thc hin cng vic..................................... 48
2.3.3. Quy trnh thc hin cng vic ............................................................ 48
Cc bc tho ng c in xoay chiu 3 pha ............................................... 48
2.3.4. Bng hng dn thc hin cng vic ................................................. 51
Cu to
3
6
a. Cu to nt nhn
HNH 1.1: NT NHN T PHC HI
1. Nm tc ng;
6. L xo phc hi.
Cng dng
Nh
Nhn
Nh
Nt nhn thng m
Nt nhn thng ng
Nh
Nhn
Nh
Nhn vo nm khi cn
chuyn trng thi cc tip
im.
Cng dng
Nt dng khn c dng dng nhanh h thng khi xy ra s c.
Thng thng ngi ta dng tip im thng ng cp in cho ton b
Cu to
b. Cng tc 3 pha
a. Cng tc 1 pha
Cng dng
1.5.Rle in t
Cu to
B
3
6. L xo;
A, B: Ngun nui cho rle.
Nguyn l
Cng dng
a. Loi 4 tip im
Cng dng
10
Cc cc u dy ca cc
Cc cc u dy ca cc
tip im ph thng m
Cc u dy ca cc
tip im chnh ca cng tc t
Hai u cun dy (cun ht)
V nha
Cun dy (cun
Mch t phn
Mch t phn
L xo phn lc
Cc tip im
Cc tip im
Hnh 1.13: Cc b phn chnh ca Contactor.
11
12
13
Trong Contactor chnh, 3 tip im u tin bn tay tri lun lun l tip
im chnh, nhng tip im cn li l tip im ph.
c) Tip im ph:
Thng c k hiu bi 2 k s:
14
g. Cch la chn
Da vo dng in nh mc ca ti v cn c vo tnh cht ca ph ti
lm vic gin on hay lin tc v cn c vo dy dng in, in p nh mc
ca Contactor t ta la chn cng tc t cho thch hp
UCTT = Uli ;
h.
ICTT > Im
15
Cu to
1. Np.
2. V;
3. Dy chy
1
a. Cu to cu ch
b. Mt dng cu ch
HNH 1.17: CU CH
16
Cng dng
Cu to
Cng dng
A
4
1
5
a. Cu to
b. Dng thc t CB
1 pha
5. L xo;
2. Mc rng;
A: Cc ni ngun;
B: Cc ni ti.
4. Tip im;
17
c. Rle nhit
4
b. Dng thc t
rle nhit 3 pha
a. Cu to
Cu to
1. Thanh lng kim;
4. L xo;
2. Phn t t nng;
A: Cc ni ngun;
B: Cc ni ti.
Cng dng
18
A B C
CD
1CC
2CC
K
1
K
3
RN
D
K
RN
1
RN
KB
HNH 1.20: S NGUYN L MCH KHI NG TRC
TIP KB 3 PHA
b. Bng k cc thit b - kh c
Bng 1.1:
TT Thit b - kh SL
c
Chc nng
CD
1CC
RN
2CC
M; D
Nt bm thng m; thng ng iu
khin m my v dng ng c.
1; 2
Ghi ch
19
c. S ni dy
CD
1CC
2CC
OFF
FWD
1
RN
Lp rp
Kim tra
- Mch iu khin:
o S kim tra nh Hnh 1.20, nu khi n nt M(3,5); quan st kim
ca Ohm k v kt lun:
- Ohm k ch mt gi tr no : mch lp rp ng;
- Ohm k ch 0: cun K b ngn mch;
- Ohm k khng quay: h mch iu khin.
- Kim tra mch tn hiu
- Kim tra mch ng lc:
20
2CC
D
1
M
K
RN
1
RN
Vn hnh mch
M phng s c
21
1CC
2CC
RN
D1
M1
D2
M1
2
K
RN
1
KB
HNH 1.23: S NGUYN L BI TP 1.1
RN
22
C
CD
1C
2CC
OFF
OFF
FWD
FWD
1
2
RN
CD
1CC
2CC
RN
Ghi ch
23
T, N
MT; MN
Nt bm thng m, iu khin ng c
quay thun, quay nghch.
1; 2; 3
3
A B C N
CD
2CC
MT
D
1
3
5
1CC
MN
T
9
N
11
RN
3
KB
RN
Lp rp
RN
24
2CC
OFF
FW
T
RE
1
RN
2
3
- Lp mch ng lc theo s :
- Hon v th t 2 pha cng tc t N (xem s ni dy).
Kim tra
25
- Mch iu khin:
Dng Ohm k chm vo im s 1 v s 6 trn s hnh 1.25.
- n nt MT kim tra thng mch, ngn mch cun dy T (nhn xt
tng t phn 1.2.1).
- n nt MN kim tra thng mch, ngn mch cun dy N.
-
Vn hnh mch
M phng s c
26
MT1
CD
RN
2CC
1CC
1D
MT2
T
1
2D
MN1
MN2
N
2
RN
KB
RN
27
C
CD
1CC
2CC
OFF1
FWD1
N
REV1
OFF2
RN
FWD2
2
3
REV2
28
2CC
MT
D
3
MN
N
7
T
9
RN
1
13
11
15
3
2
RN
HNH 1.29: S NGUYN L MCH O CHIU TRC TIP KB 3 PHA
29
CD
1CC
2CC
OFF
FW
T
N
RE
1
RN
2
3
d. Bi tp m rng
* Mch o chiu quay trc tip KB 3 pha iu khin 2 ni.
a. Hc sinh v hon chnh s v lp rp mch.
b. Vn hnh, quan st v ghi nhn hin tng.
c. M phng s c, quan st ghi nhn hin tng.
d. Lm bo co thc hnh, gii thch hin tng.
30
2CC
R
1
N
2
A B C
N
C
1C
2C
OFF
FWD
N
REV
OFF
1
FWD
2
3
REV
31
Chc nng
CD
1CC
2CC
M; D
Nt bm thng m, thng ng iu
khin m my v dng ng c.
RN
CK
RTh
10
1; 2; 3
Ghi ch
32
3
A B C
CD
2CC
RN
1C
RTh
RTh
CK
K
9
RN
K
11
3
RN
Lp rp
- Chn ng chng loi, s lng cc thit b kh c cn thit.
- nh v cc thit b ln bng (gi) thc hnh.
- c, phn tch s nguyn l, s ni dy.
- Lp mch iu khin theo s :
- Lin kt b nt bm, nh s cc u dy ra (c 3 u dy ra t b nt
bm).
- u ng dy vo cun ht cng tc t g, u tip im duy tr.
- u mch RTh: ch k cc cc u dy RTh (cc cp ngun,
im chung ca cc tip im...).
- u ng dy vo cun ht cng tc t K.
- u mch n tn hiu 1, 2...
33
CD
2C
1C
OFF
3
2
1
ON
Rth
65 4 3
R
CK
7 8 1 2
- Lp mch ng lc theo s :
- Cun khng ni tip vi tip im ng lc cng tc t g, trc hoc
sau RN cng c.
- Cc tip im ng lc cng tc t K u song song vi tng cun
khng v phi lin kt ng th t pha.
Kim tra
- Mch iu khin:
+ Dng Ohm k chm vo im s 1 v s 6 trn s hnh 1.33.
Vn hnh mch
34
M phng s c
- Ct ngun cung cp
35
CD
3
RN
1CC
2CC
1D
MT
T
RN
CK
RTh
MN
N
K
RN
KB
36
C
CD
1CC
2CC
OFF1
FWD1
N
REV1
Rth
CK
RN
6 5
4 3
7 8
1 2
3
2
1
37
3
A B C
CD
2CC
1CC
RN
RTh
BATN
RTh
K
7
2
RN
RN
KB
b. Bng k cc thit b - kh c in
Bng 1.5
TT Thit b - kh SL
c
Chc nng
CD
1CC
2CC
M; D
Nt bm thng m, thng ng iu
Ghi ch
38
khin m my v dng ng c.
5
RN
BATN
RTh
10
1; 2; 3
c. S ni dy
CD
2CC
1CC
OFF
2
1
ON
Rth
RN
6 5
4 3
7 8
1 2
BATN
39
Lp rp
- Chn ng chng loi, s lng cc thit b kh c cn thit.
- nh v cc thit b ln bng (gi) thc hnh.
- c, phn tch s nguyn l, s ni dy.
- Lp mch iu khin theo s :
- Tin hnh tng t nh phn 1.3.1.
M phng s c
- Cc s c tng t nh phn 1.3.1.
40
- M t c kt cu t in v v tr lp t cc nhm thit b: o
lng, iu khin, bo v, ng ct, thanh dn, cu ni dy ngun vo v
ngun ra;
- Nhn bit ng cc kh c trn t in v tm hiu k cu to, nguyn
l tc ng, chc nng nhim v ca kh c trn mch in;
- Xc nh c kh c, thit b cn bo dng;
- Thc hin c cng vic bo dng thng xuyn v nh k cho
thit b, mch in, t in;
- Tun th nguyn tc an ton v v sinh cng nghip trong bo dng.
A. Ni dung:
1.Mch iu khin ng c KB 3 pha quay mt chiu.
a. S nguyn l
A B C
CD
1CC
2CC
K
1
RN
K
3
RN
1
RN
KB
Hnh 2.1 S NGUYN L MCH KHI NG TRC TIP KB
3 PHA QUAY 1 CHIU
b. S ni dy
41
CD
1C
2C
OFF
FW
1
RN
Yu cu k thut
- Hiu c s mch
Vn hnh th xc - Ngun in 3
nh hin tng pha
phn on nguyn
- Quy trnh vn
nhn
hnh
42
Tin
cha
hnh
sa pha
- Khng gy mt an ton
Bn giao ( nu c Giy, Bt
vn bn bn giao )
43
- Nguyn nhn:
- Ngn mch cc b gia cc vng dy do cch in xu.
- Ngn mch gia cc dy dn ra do cht lng cch in xu hoc
ngn mch gia dy dn v cc vng dy qun do t giao nhau m khng c
lt cch in.
- t dy qun.
- in p tng cao qu in p nh mc ca cun dy.
- Cch in ca cun dy b ph hng do b va p c kh.
- Cch in ca cun dy b ph hy do cun dy b qu nng hoc v
tnh ton cc thng s qun li sai hoc in p cun dy b nng cao qu,
hoc li thp ht khng hon ton, hoc iu chnh khng ng hnh trnh li
thp.
- Do nc munxi, do mui, du, kh ha chtca mI trng m
thc lm chc thng cch in vng dy.
f.Sa cha kh c in iu khin.
*. Bin php sa cha:
a. La chn kh c in cho ng cng sut dng in, in p v cc
ch lm vic tng ng.
b. Kim tra v sa cha nn thng, phng gi tip im, iu chnh
sao cho trng khp hon ton cc tip im ng v tnh ca Contactor
c. Kim tra li l xo ca tip im ng xem c b mo, bin dng hay
t lch tm khi cht gi. Phi iu chnh ng lc p tip im (c th dng
lc k kim tra).
d. Thay th bng tip im mi khi kim tra thy tip im b qu mn
hoc b r chy hng nng.
c bit trong iu kin lm vic c o chiu hay hm ngc, cc tip im
thng h hng v mI mn rt nhanh c bit l tip im ng.
e. Kim tra v loi tr cc nguyn nhn bn ngoi gy h hng cun dy
v qun li cun dy theo mu hoc tnh ton li cun dy ng in p v
cng sut tiu th yu cu.
f. Khi qun li cun dy, cn lm ng cng ngh v k thut qun dy,
v l mt yu t quan trng dm bo bn v tui th ca cun dy.
44
CD
2CC
RN
1CC
RTh
RTh
CK
K
4
K
9
RN
2
K
11
KB
3
2
RN
Hnh 2.3 S NGUYN L MCH M MY
QUA CUN KHNG KB RTO LNG SC
45
CD
2CC
1CC
OFF
ON
2
1
Rth
RN
6 5
4 3
7 8
1 2
CK
Yu cu k thut
46
Nghin cu s Bn v
mch in
- Hiu c s mch
Vn hnh th xc - Ngun in 3
nh hin tng pha
phn on nguyn
- Quy trnh vn
nhn
hnh
Tin
cha
hnh
Bn giao ( nu c Giy, Bt
vn bn bn giao )
47
48
Dng c - Vt t - Thit b
S
lng
ng h M
01 chic
ng h vn nng
01 chic
p t mt 3 pha 40A
01 chic
Dy dn PVC
01 chic
ng c 3 pha 4,5Kw
01 chic
Dng c tho, lp
1 b
1 b
Ghi ch
49
50
51
ng
Sai
Bng ghi kt qu
Pha
dy
qu
n
AX
BY
CZ
AXBY
AX- CZ
BYCZ
thun
52
HNG DN GING DY M UN
I. V tr, tnh cht ca m un/mn hc:
- V tr m un: M un c hc trc cc mn hc, m un k thut
chuyn mn.
- Tnh cht m un: L m un k thut chuyn mn bt buc.
II. Mc tiu:
- Kin thc
+ Nhn bit ng cc trang thit b in trn t in;
+ Thuyt minh ng nguyn l mch in;
+ Trnh by c c im v dng in v thi gian ca qu trnh
khi ng;
+ Trnh by c quy trnh vn hnh mch in;
- K nng
+ - Thc hin vn hnh t in ng quy trnh;
- Thi
+ m bo an ton, v sinh cng nghip.
III. Ni dung chnh ca m un:
M
bi
Tn bi
M 06 - 01
Vn hnh t
iu
khin
cng qua nt
bm v khi
ng t
M 06 - 02
Bo dng t
iu khin
cng qua nt
bm v khi
ng t
Thi gian
Loi bi
dy
a
im
Tch hp
Phng
LT TH
28
21
Tch hp
Phng
LT TH
28
21
Tng
L
Thc
s
thuyt hnh
Kim
tra*
53
M
bi
Tn bi
Loi bi
dy
a
im
Thi gian
Tng
L
Thc
s
thuyt hnh
Kim tra ht m un
Cng
60
Kim
tra*
4
12
42
Cch thc nh gi
- Kim tra vn p hoc trc nghim.
5.2. Bi 2:
Tiu ch nh gi
- Sa cha c cc ban hng do
duy tr.
Cch thc nh gi
- Kim tra vn p hoc thc hnh.
54