LI NI U

Nc ta ang trong giai on pht trin nhanh chng. Do yu cu pht

trin ca t nc th in nng cng pht trin theo kp nhu cu v in.
c th a in nng ti cc ph ti cn xy dng cc h thng cung cp
in cho cc ph ti ny. Lnh vc cung cp in hin l mt lnh vc ang c
rt nhiu vic phi lm. p ng nhu cu ngy cng tng ca sn xut,
truyn ti in nng ni chung v thit k cung cp in ni ring.
Trong nhim v thit k n tt nghip, em c phn cng v phn thit k
cung cp in. c s hng dn, ging dy nhit tnh ca cc thy, c gio
trong b mn v c bit l ca thy Th.s Nguyn c Minh, em hon
thnh nhim v c giao. Mc d rt c gng nhng kin thc v kinh
nghim cn hn ch nn bn n ca em c th cn nhiu sai st, em rt
mong c s ch bo ca cc thy, c.
Em xin chn thnh cm n thy gio Th.s Nguyn c Minh cng cc thy
c gio khc trong b mn.

Hi Phng, ngy 10 thng 07 nm 2011

Sinh vin thc hin:
L Vn Tin

CHNG 1.

XC NH PH TI TNH TON CC PHN XNG V

TON NH MY
1.1. T VN .
Ph ti tnh ton l ph ti gi thit lu di khng i , tng ng vi
ph ti thc t ( bin i ) v mt hiu qu pht nhit hoc mc hu hoi
cch in . Ni cch khc , ph ti tnh ton cng t nng thit b ln ti
nhit tng t nh ph ti thc t gy ra , v vy chn thit b theo ph ti
tnh ton s m bo an ton cho thit b v mt pht nng .
Ph ti tnh ton c s dng la chn v kim tra cc thit b
trong h thng cung cp in nh : My bin p , dy dn , cc thit b ng
ct , bo v ... tnh ton tn tht cng sut , tn tht in nng , tn tht in
p ; la chn dung lng b cng sut phn khng ,... Ph ti tnh ton ph
thuc vo nhiu yu t nh : cng sut , s lng , ch lm vic ca cc
thit b in , trnh v phng thc vn hnh h thng ... Nu ph ti tnh
ton xc nh c nh hn ph ti thc t th s lm gim tui th ca thit
b in , c kh nng dn n s c , chy n , ... Ngc li , cc thit b c
la chn s d tha cng sut lm ng vn u t , gia tng tn tht ...
Cng chnh v vy c nhiu cng trnh nghin cu v phng php xc
nh ph ti tnh ton , song cho n nay vn cha c c phng php no
tht hon thin . Nhng phng php cho thy kt qu tin cy th li qu
phc tp , khi lng tnh ton v cc thng tin ban u i hi qu ln v
ngc li . C th a ra y m s phng php thng c s dng nhiu
hn c xc nh ph ti tnh ton khi quy hoch v thit k cc h thng
cung cp in :

1.2. QUY M, CNG NGH NH MY.

Nh my c kh Hng Phong c quy m kh ln vi 10 phn xng sn
xut v nh lm vic .
Bng 1.1. Dy chuyn v thit b nh xng ca nh my.
S trn
mt

Tn phn xng

bng

Cng sut
t (KW)

Din
tch
(m2)

Ban qun l v phng thit k

120

1538

Phn xng c kh s 1

3500

2125

Phn xng c kh s 2

4000

3150

Phn xng luyn kim mu

3000

2325

Phn xng luyn kim en

2500

4500

PX sa cha c kh (SCCK)

Tnh ton

1100

Phn xng rn

400

3400

Phn xng nhit luyn

1600

3806

B phn nn kh

600

1875

10

Kho vt liu

200

3738

11

Chiu sng phn xng

Tnh ton

27557

Hnh 1.1.Mt bng phn xng sa cha c kh

Hin ti nh my lm vic 2 ca vi thi gian lm vic ti a T max = 4500h

v cng ngh kh hin i. Tong lai nh my s m rng lp t cc my
mc thit b hin i hn. ng v mt cung cp in th vic thit k cp
in phi m bo s gia tng ph ti trong tng lai v mt k thut v kinh
t, phi ra phng n cp in sao cho khng gy qu ti sau vi nm sn
sut v cng khng th qa d tha dung lng m sau nhiu nm nh my
vn khng khai thc ht dung lng sng sut d tr dn n lng ph.Theo
quy trnh trang b in v cng ngh ca nh my ta thy khi ngng cung cp
in s nh hng n cht lng ca nh my gy thit hi v nn kinh t
quc dn do ta xp nh my vo ph ti loi I , cn c bo m cung
cp in lin tc v an ton . Trong nh my c : Ban qun l v Phng thit
k , phn xng sa cha c kh , kho vt liu l h loi III , cc phn xng
cn li l h loi I .

8
2

10

Hnh 1.1. S mt bng nh my c kh Hng Phong.

1.3. XC NH PH TI TNH TON THEO CNG SUT TRUNG
BNH V H S CC I: Theo phng php ny
Ptt = KMax . Ptb = KMax . Ksd . Pm
Trong :

(1 - 1)

Ptb - cng sut trung bnh ca ph ti trong ca mang ti ln nht.

Pm - cng sut nh mc ca ph ti.
Ksd - h s s dng cng sut ca ph ti.
KMax - h s cc i cng sut tc dng vi khong thi gian
trung bnh ho T=30 pht.
Phng php ny thng c dng tnh ph ti tnh ton cho mt
nhm thit b, cho cc t ng lc trong ton b phn xng. N cho
mt kt qu kh chnh xc nhng li i hi mt lng thng tin kh
y v cc ph ti nh: ch lm vic ca tng ph ti, cng sut
t ca tng ph ti s lng thit b trong nhm (k sdi ; pmi ; cos

.....).
1.3.1. Xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo cng sut trung bnh v lch
trung bnh bnh phng:
Theo phng php ny
Ptt = Ptb

tb

(1-2)

Trong :
Ptb - Ph ti trung bnh ca th nhm ph ti.
- B s th hin mc tn x.
tb

- lch ca th nhm ph ti.

Phng php ny thng c dng tnh ton ph ti cho cc nhm

thit b ca phn xng hoc ca ton b x nghip. Tuy nhin phng php
ny t c dng trong tnh ton thit k mi v n i hi kh nhiu thng tin
v ph ti m ch ph hp vi cc h thng ang vn hnh.
1.3.2. Xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo cng sut trung bnh v h s hnh
dng:
Theo phng php ny:
Ptt = Khd . Ptb

(1-3)

Qtt = Khdq . Qtb hoc Qtt = Ptt . tg

(1-4)

Trong :
Ptb ; Qtb - Ph ti tc dng v phn khng trung bnh trong ca
mang ti ln nht.
Khd ; Khdq - H s hnh dng (tc dng v phn khng) ca th
ph ti.
Phng php ny c th p dng tnh ph ti tnh ton thanh ci
t phn phi phn xng hoc thanh ci h p ca trm bin p phn xng.
Phng php ny t c dng trong tnh ton thit k mi v n yu cu c
th ca nhm ph ti.
1.3.3. Xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo cng sut t v h s nhu cu:
Theo phng php ny th
Ptt = Knc . P

(1-5)

Trong :
Knc - H s nhu cu ca nhm ph ti.
P - Cng sut t ca nhm ph ti.
Phng php ny cho kt qu khng chnh xc lm, tuy vy li n
gin v c th nhanh chng cho kt qu cho nn n thng c dng tnh
ph ti tnh ton cho cc phn xng, cho ton x nghip khi khng c nhiu
cc thng tin v cc ph ti hoc khi tnh ton s b phc v cho vic qui
hoc .v.v...
1.3.4. Xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo sut ph ti trn mt n v din
tch sn sut:
Theo phng php ny th:
Ptt = p0 . F

(1-6)

Trong ;
p0 - Sut ph ti tnh ton cho mt n v din tch sn xut.
F - Din tch sn sut c b tr cc thit b dng in.

Phng php ny thng chi c dng c tnh ph ti in v n

cho kt qu khng chnh xc. Tuy vy n vn c th c dng cho mt s
ph ti c bit m chi tiu tiu th in ph thuc vo din tich hoc c s
phn b ph ti kh ng u trn din tch sn sut.
1.3.5. Xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo sut tiu hao in nng trn mt
n v sn phm v tng sn lng:
Theo phng php ny
Ptb

M .a0
T

(1-7)

Ptt = KM . Ptb

(2-8)

Trong :
a0 - [kWh/1v] sut chi ph in cho mt n v sn phm.
M - Tng sn phm sn xut ra trong khong thi gian kho st
T (1 ca; 1 nm)
Ptb - Ph ti trung bnh ca x nghip.
KM - H s cc i cng sut tc dng.
Phng php ny thng ch c s dng c tnh, s b xc nh
ph ti trong cng tc qui hoch hoc dng qui hoch ngun cho x nghip.
1.3.6. Xc nh ph ti nh nhn ca nhm thit b
Theo phng php ny th ph ti nh nhn ca nhm thit b s
xut hin khi thit b c dng khi ng ln nht m my cn cc thit b
khc trong nhm ang lm vic bnh thng v c tnh theo cng thc sau:
In = Ik (max) + (Itt - ksd . Im (max))

(1-9)

Trong :
Ik (max) - dng khi ng ca thit b c dng khi ng ln nht
trong nhm my.
Itt

- dng in tnh ton ca nhm my.

Im (max) - dng nh mc ca thit b ang khi ng.

ksd

- h s s dng ca thit b ang khi ng.

Trong cc phng php trn , 3 phng php 4 ,5,6 da trn kinh

nghim thit k v vn hnh xc nh PTTT nn ch cho cc kt qu gn
ng tuy nhin chng kh n gin v tin li . Cc phng php cn li
c xy dng trn c s l thuyt xc sut thng k c xt n nhiu yu t
do c kt qu chnh xc hn , nhng khi lng tnh ton hn v phc tp
.
Tu theo yu cu tnh tonv nhng thng tin c th c c v ph ti
, ngi thit k c th la chn cc phng php thch hp xc nh PTTT
.
Trong n ny vi phn xng SCCK ta bit v tr , cng sut t ,
v cc ch lm vic ca tng thit b trong phn xng nn khi tnh ton
ph ti ng lc ca phn xng c th s dng phng php xc nh ph
ti tnh ton theo cng sut trung bnh v h s cc i . Cc phn xng cn
li do ch bit din tch v cng sut t ca n nn xc nh ph ti ng
lc ca cc phn xng ny ta p dng phng php tnh ton theo cng sut
t v h s nhu cu . Ph ti chiu sng ca cc phn xng c xc nh
theo phng php sut chiu sng trn mt n v din tch sn xut .
1.4. XC NH PH TI TNH TON CHO PXSCCK.
Phn xng sa cha c kh c din tch b tr thit b l 1100 m2. Trong
phn xng c 69 thit b ,cng sut khc nhau. Da vo h s ti(kt) xem
ch lm vic ca thit b . Hu ht cc thit b lm vic ch di hn
(c kt=0,9)
Vi phn xng sa cha c kh theo cc thit k gio hc thng
cho cc thng tin kh chi tit v ph ti v v vy c kt qu chnh xc nu
chn phng php tinh ton l: Tnh ph ti tnh ton theo cng sut trung
bnh v h cc i.

1.4.1. Gii thiu phng php xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo cng

sut trung bnh Ptb v h s cc i kmax ( cn gi l phng php s thit
b dng in hiu qu nhq )
Ptt = KMax . Ptb = KMax . Ksd . Pm

(1-10)

Trong :
Ptb - Cng sut trung bnh ca ph ti trong ca mang ti ln nht.
Pm - Cng sut nh mc ca ph ti. (tng cng sut nh mc ca
nhm ph ti).
Ksd - H s s dng cng sut tc dng ca ph ti (h s s dng
chung ca nhm ph ti c th c xc nh t h s s dng ca tng
thits b n l trong nhm).
KMax - H s cc i cng sut tc dng ca nhm thit b (h s ny s
c xc nh theo s thit b in hiu qu v h s s dng ca nhm
my)
Nh vy xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo phng php ny chng ta cn
phi xc nh c hai h s Ksd v KMax.
H s s dng: theo nh ngha l t s gia cng sut trung bnh v
cng sut nh mc. Trong khi thit k thng thng h s s dng ca tng
thit b c tra trong cc bng ca s tay v v vy chng ta c th xc nh
c h s s dng chung ca ton nhm theo cng thc sau:
n

K sd

Ptb
Pdm

p dmi .k sdi
i 1

(1-11)

p dmi
i 1

Trong :
pmi - cng sut nh mc ca ph ti th i trong nhm thit b
ksdi - h s s dng cng sut tc dng ca ph ta th i trong nhm.
n - tng s thit b trong nhm.
Ksd - h s s dng trung bnh ca c nhm my.

10

Cng mt khi nim tng t chung ta c th cng xc nh c h s

s dng i vi cng sut phn khng. Tuy nhin t c cc ti liu tra c
h s s cng sut phn khng, nn y khng cp n cng thc tnh
ton.
H s cc i KMax: l mt thng s ph thuc ch lm vic ca ph
ti v s thit b dng in c hiu qu ca nhm my, Trong thit k h s
ny c tra trong bng theo Ksd v nhq ca nhm my.
S thit b dng in hiu qu: l s thit b gi thit c cng cng sut,
cng ch lm vic gy ra mt ph ti tnh ton bng ph ti tnh ton ca
nhm thit b in thc t c cng sut v ch lm vic khc nhau. S
thit b in hiu qu c th xc nh c theo cng thc sau:
n

p dmi ) 2

(
i 1
n

n hq

(1-12)

( p dmi )

i 1

Cc trng hp ring xc nh nhanh nhq:

Trng hp 1:

Khi

Th
Trong :

p dm m ax
p dm m in

v K sd

0,4

nhq = n

pdm max - cng sut nh mc ca thit b ln nht trong nhm.

pdm min - cng sut nh mc ca thit b nh nht trong nhm.
Ksd

- h s s dng cng sut trung bnh ca nhm my.

Trng hp 2: Khi trong nhm c n1 thit b c tng cng sut nh

mc nh hn hoc bng 5% tng cng sut nh mc ca ton nhm.
n1

S dmi
i 1

5%

S dmi
i 1

11

th

nhq = n - n1

Trng hp 3: Khi m > 3 v Ksd

0,2

2.

Pdmi
i 1

nhq

Pdm max

(1-13)
nhq = n

Ch : nu khi tnh ra nhq > n th ly

Trng hp 4: Khi khng c kh nng s dng cc cch n gin

tnh nhanh nhq th c th s dng cc ng cong hoc bng tra. Thng
thng cc ng cong v bng tra c xy dng quan h gia n *hq (s thit
*

b hiu qu tng i) vi cc i lng n * v P* . V khi tm c n hq

th s thit b in hiu qu ca nhm my s c tnh; *
nhq = n . n hq
Trong :

n*

n1
n

P*

Pdm1
Pdm

n1 - s thit b c cng sut ln hn mt na cng sut ca thit

b c cng sut ln nht trong nhm my.
Pm1 - tng cng sut nh mc ca n1 thit b.
Pm - tng cng sut nh mc ca n thit b (tc ca ton b
nhm).
Khi xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo phng php s thit b dng in
hiu qu : nhq , trong 1 s trng hp c th c th dng cc cng thc gn
ng sau :
* Nu n 3 v nhq < 4 , ph ti tnh ton c tnh theo cng thc :
n

Ptt

Pdmi
i 1

12

* Nu n > 3 v nhq < 4 , ph ti tnh ton c tnh theo cng thc :

n

Ptt

k ti Pdmi
i 1

Trong : kti - h s ph ti ca thit b th i . Nu

khng c s liu chnh xc , h s ph ti c th ly gn ng nh sau :
kti = 0,9 i vi thit b lm vic ch di hn
kti = 0,75 i vi cc thit b lm vic ch ngn hn lp li
* Nu n > 300 v ksd

0,5 ph ti tnh ton c tnh theo cng thc :

n

Ptt

1,05 .k sd

Pdmi
i 1

* i vi thit b c th ph ti bng phng ( cc my bm , qut nn

kh ... ) ph ti tnh ton c th ly bng ph ti trung bnh :
n

Ptt

Ptb

k sd .

Pdmi
i 1

* Nu trong mng c thit b mt pha cn phi phn phi u cc thit

b cho ba pha ca mng , trc khi xc nh nhq phi quy i cng sut ca
cc ph ti 1 pha v 3 pha tng ng :
Nu thit b 1 pha u vo in p pha : Pq = 3.Ppha max
Nu thit b 1 pha u vo in p dy : Pq =

3Ppha max

* Nu trong nhm c thit b tiu th in lm vic ch ngn hn

lp li th phi quy i v ch di hn trc khi xc nh n hq theo cng
thc : Pqd
Trong :

dm

.Pdm

- h s ng in tng i phn trm , cho trong l lch

my .
1.4.1.1.Trnh t xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo phng php Ptb v
kmax:
Phn nhm ph ti :

13

 phn nhm ph ti ta da vo nguyn tc sau:

* Cc thit b trong 1 nhm phi c v tr gn nhau trn mt bng (iu
ny s thun tin cho vic i dy trnh chng cho, gim tn tht ...).
* Cc thit b trong nhm nn c cng ch lm vic (iu ny s
thun tin cho vic tnh ton v CC sau ny v d nu nhm thit b c cng
ch lm vic, tc c cng th ph ti vy ta c th tra chung c k sd,
knc; cos ; ... v nu chng li c cng cng sut na th s thit b in hiu
qu s ng bng s thit b thc t v v vy vic xc nh ph ti cho cc
nhm thit b ny s rt d dng.)
* Cc thit b trong cc nhm nn c phn b tng cng sut ca
cc nhm t chnh lch nht (iu ny nu thc hin c s to ra tnh ng
lot cho cc trang thit b CC. v d trong phn xng ch tn ti mt loi t
ng lc v nh vy th n s ko theo l cc ng cp CC cho chng
cng cc trang thit b bo vy cng s c ng lot ho, to iu kin cho
vic lp t nhanh k c vic qun l sa cha, thay th v d tr sau ny rt
thun li...).
* Ngoi ra s thit b trong cng mt nhm cng khng nn qu nhiu
v s l ra ca mt t ng lc cng b khng ch (thng thng s l ra ln
nht ca cc t ng lc c ch to sn cng khng qu 8). Tt nhin iu
ny cng khng c ngha l s thit b trong mi nhm khng nn qu 8 thit
b. V 1 l ra t t ng lc c th ch i n 1 thit b, nhng n cng c th
c ko mc xch n vi thit b,(nht l khi cc thit b c cng sut
nh v khng yu cu cao v tin cy CC ). Tuy nhin khi s thit b ca
mt nhm qu nhiu cng s lm phc tp ho trong vn hnh v lm gim
tin cy CC cho tng thit b.
* Ngoi ra cc thit b i khi cn c nhm li theo cc yu cu
ring ca vic qun l hnh chnh hoc qun l hoch ton ring bit ca tng
b phn trong phn xng.

14

Da theo nguyn tc phn nhm ph ti in nu trn v cn c

vo v tr, cng sut thit b b tr trn mt bng phn xng c th chia cc
thit b trong phn xng Sa cha c kh thnh : nhm ph ti . Kt qu
phn nhm ph ti in c trnh by bng 1.2:
Bng 1.2 - Tng hp kt qu phn nhm ph ti in.
BNG PHN CHIA NHM CC THIT B
S lng K hiu

Stt

Cng sut
Mt my Tng

Im

Nhm 1
1

My ca kiu ai

Khoan bn

0.65

0.65 1.64

My mi th

2.8

2.8

7.09

My khoan ng

2.8

2.8

7.09

My mi ngang

4.5

4.5

11.39

My xc

2.8

2.8

7.09

My mi trn vn nng

2.8

2.8

7.09

Tng

2.53

17.35 43.9

Nhm 2
1

My phay rng

10

4.5

4.5

11.39

My phay vn nng

11

7.8

7.8

19.75

My tin ren

12

8.1

8.1

20.51

My tin ren

13

10

10

25.32

My tin ren

14

14

14

35.45

My tin ren

15

4.5

4.5

11.39

My tin ren

16

10

10

25.32

My tin ren

17

20

20

50.64

Cu trc

19

24.2

24.2 61.28

Tng

103.1 261.07

Nhm 3
1

My khoan ng

18

0.85

0.85 2.15

Bn

21

0.85

0.85 2.15

mykhoan bn

0.85

0.85 2.15

15

B du c tng nhit

26

2.5

2.5

6.33

My co

27

2.53

My mi th

30

2.8

2.8

7.09

My nn ct lin hp

31

1.7

1.7

4.30

My mi ph

33

2.8

2.8

7.09

Qut l rn

34

1.5

1.5

3.79

10

My khoan ng

36

0.85

0.85 2.15

Tng

10

15.7 39.75

Nhm 4
1

B ngm dung dch kim

41

7.59

B ngm nc nng

42

7.59

My cun dy

46

1.2

1.2

3.03

My cun dy

47

2.53

B ngm tm c tng nhit

48

7.59

T sy

49

7.59

My khoan bn

50

0.65

0.65 1.64

My mi th

52

2.8

2.8

7.09

Bn th ngim thit b in

53

17.72

Tng

24.65 62.41

Nhm 5
1

B kh du m

55

7.59

L in luyn khun

56

12.66

L in nu chy babit

57

10

10

25.32

L in m thic

58

3.5

3.5

8.86

Qut l c ng

60

1.5

1.5

3.79

My khoan bn

62

0.65

0.65 1.64

My un cc tm mng

64

1.7

1.7

4.30

my mi ph

65

2.8

2.8

7.09

my hn im

66

16

16

40.51

10

Chnh lu slnium

69

0.6

0.6

1.51

Tng

10

16

44.75 113.31

. Xc nh ph ti tnh ton ng lc ca phn xng:

a) Cc phng php xc nh ph ti tnh ton:
_Theo cng sut trung bnh v h s cc i.
_Theo cng sut t v h s nhu cu.
_V bit c kh nhiu thng tin v ph ti, c th xc nh ph ti tnh
ton theo cng sut trung bnh v h s cc i. Do ph ti tnh ton c
xc nh nh sau:
Ptt = kmax.ksd. Pmi
Trong :
ksd: h s s dng ca nhm thit b, tra bng
kmax : h s cc i, tra bng theo hhai i lng ksd v nhq
nhq: l s thit b dng hiu qu.
b) Xc nh ph ti tnh ton ca nhm 1
K hiu

Stt

lng

Cng

Mt

sut

my

Tng

Nhm 1
1

My ca kiu ai

Khoan bn

0.65

0.65

My mi th

2.8

2.8

My khoan ng

2.8

2.8

My mi ngang

4.5

4.5

My xc

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

7
Tng

My mi trn vn
nng

7
Bng 1.3. Thng s nhm 1

17

17.35

Ta c:
Tng s thit b trong nhm 1 l: n = 7
Tng cng sut ca nhm 1 l:P = 17,35 kW
S thit b c cng sut ln hn hay bng na cng sut ca thit b c
cng sut ln nht l: n1 = 5
Tng cng sut ca s thit b c cng sut ln hn hay bng na cng
sut ca thit b c cng sut ln nht l: P1 = 16,7 kW
n*
p*

n1
n
P1
P

5
7

0,71
16 ,7
17 ,35

0,96

Tra bng PL1.4(TL1) ta c nhq* = 0,73

nhq = n . nhq* = 7 . 0,73 = 5,11
Tra bng PL1.5(TL1) vi ksd = 0,0,16 , nhq = 5,11 c kmax = 2,87
Ph ti tnh ton nhm 1 l:
n

Ptt

k m .k sd .

Pdmi

2,87.0,16.17,35

7,96( KW )

Qtt
S tt
I tt

Ptt .tg
Ptt
cos
S tt
U 3

7,96.1,33 10,596( KVAr)

7,96
0,6

13,26( KVA)

20,14( A)

Tnh ton tng t i vi cc nhm 2,3,4,5 ta c bng tng hp kt qu

xc nh ph ti tnh ton cho phn xng SCCK :

18

T
T

Tn thit b

2
Nhm 1
My ca kiu ai
Khoan bn
My mi th
My khoan ng
My mi ngang
My xc
My mi trn vn nng
Cng nhm 1 :
Nhm 2
My phay rng
My phay vn nng
My tin ren
My tin ren
My tin ren
My tin ren
My tin ren
My tin ren
Cu trc

1
3
5
6
7
8
9

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
19

S
ln
g
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Cng
sut
t
Pm
(kW)
4

ksd

cos /tg

nhq

kmax

IM(A)

Ptt
(kW)

Qtt
(kVA
r

Stt
(kVA)

Itt
(A)

7,96

10,59

13,26

20,14

1
0.65
2.8
2.8
4.5
2.8
2.8
17.35

0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16

4.5
7.8
8.1
10
14
4.5
10
20
24.2

0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16

0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
5,11
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33

19

2,87

2.53
1.64
7.09
7.09
11.39
7.09
7.09
43.9
11.39
19.75
20.51
25.32
35.45
11.39
25.32
50.64
61.28

Cng nhm 2 :
18
21
2
26
27
30
31
33
34
36

41
42
46
47
48
49
50
52
53

Nhm 3
My khoan ng
Bn
mykhoan bn
B du c tng nhit
My co
My mi th
My nn ct lin hp
My mi ph
Qut l rn
My khoan ng
Cng nhm 3 :
Nhm 4
B ngm dung dch kim
B ngm nc nng
My cun dy
My cun dy
B ngm tm c tng nhit
T sy
My khoan bn
My mi th
Bn th ngim thit b in

7,29

103.1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

0.85
0.85
0.85
2.5
1
2.8
1.7
2.8
1.5
0.85
15.7

0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16

3
3
1.2
1
3
3
0.65
2.8
7

0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16

2,48

0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
8,2
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33

20

2,31

261.07
2.15
2.15
2.15
6.33
2.53
7.09
4.30
7.09
3.79
2.15
39.75
7.59
7.59
3.03
2.53
7.59
7.59
1.64
7.09
17.72

40,91

54,41

68,18

103,5
9

5,8

7,71

12,86

19,54

55
56
57
58
60
62
64
65
66
69

Cng nhm 4:
Nhm 5
B kh du m
L in luyn khun
L in nu chy babit
L in m thic
Qut l c ng
My khoan bn
My un cc tm mng
my mi ph
my hn im
Chnh lu slnium
Cng nhm 5:

24.65
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

3
5
10
3.5
1.5
0.65
1.7
2.8
16
0.6
44.75

7,29
0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16
0,16

2,48

62.41

9,78

13

16,3

24,76

2,87

7.59
12.66
25.32
8.86
3.79
1.64
4.30
7.09
40.51
1.51
113.31

20,54

27,33

34,23

52,01

0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
0,6/1,33
5,4

Bng 1.4. Kt qu tng hp ph ti tnh ton cc nhm

21

1.5. XC NH PH TI TNH TON CA CC PHN XNG.

1. Ban qun l v phng thit k :
Cng sut t :

120 kW

Din tch xng:

1538 m2

Tra bng PL1.3(TL1)vi ban qun l v phng thit k c

knc = 0,8 ; cos = 0,8
Tra bng PL1.7(TL1) ta c sut chiu sng p0 = 15 W
bng n si t nn cos

cs

m2

, y s dng

=1

* Cng sut tnh ton ng lc :

Pl = knc.P = 0,8 . 120 = 96 ( kW )
* Cng sut tnh ton chiu sng:
Pcs = p0 . S = 15 . 1538 = 23,07 kW
* Cng sut tnh ton tc dng ca phn xng
Ptt = Pl + Pcs = 119,07 ( kW )
* Cng sut tnh ton phn khng ca ton phn xng:
Qtt = Ql = Pl . tg

= 119,07 . 0,75 = 89,302 ( kVar )

Cng sut tnh ton ca ton phn xng:

S tt

Ptt
cos

119 ,07
0,8

148 ,83( KVA)

Cc phn xng khc c tnh ton tng t kt qu ghi trong bng:

22

Bng 1.5. Ph ti tnh ton cc phn xng

Tn phn xng

Ban qun l v

P
kW
120

phng thit k
Phn xng c kh

3500

s 1
Phn xng c kh

4000

s 2
Phn xng luyn

3000

kim mu
Phn xng luyn

2500

kim en
PX sa cha c kh

Tnh

(SCCK)

ton

Phn xng rn

400

Phn xng nhit

1600

luyn

p0
knc

Ptt

Qtt

Stt

kW

kVar

kVA

89,302

148,48

cos

0,8

0,8

15

0,3

0,6

15

0,3

0,6

15

0,7

0,8

15

0,7

0,8

15

0,6

12

85,45 113,65

142,42

0,6

0,7

15

291

296,87

415,71

0,8

0,85

15

793,27

1505,88

B phn nn kh

600

0,7

0,7

12

Kho vt liu

200

0,7

0,7

10

23

m2

119,0
7
1081,
87
1247,
25
2134,
87
1817,
5

1337,
09

1438,89 1803,12

1658,84 2078,75

1601,15 2668,59

1363,12 2271,87

442,5 451,44
177,3
8

180,92

632,14
253,4

1.6. XC NH PH TI TNH TON TON NH MY.

* Ph ti tnh ton tc dng ca ton nh my:
10

p ttnm

k dt

Ptti

0,8.8733 ,98

6987 ,18 (kW )

Ph ti tnh ton phn khng ton nh my :

10

Qttnm

k dt

Qtti

0,8.7987 ,48

6389 ,98 (kVAr)

Ph ti tnh ton ton phn ca nh my:

2
Pttnm

S ttnm

2
Qttnm

9468,51( KVA)

H s cng sut ca ton nh my:

cos

nm

Pttnm
S ttnm

0,73

1.7. XC NH TM PH TI IN V BIU PH TI.

1.7.1. Tm ph ti in
Trng tm ph ti ca xi nghip l mt s liu quan trng gip ngi thit k
tm v tr t cc trm bin p, trm phn phi nhm gim ti a tn tht nng
lng. Ngoi ra trng tm ph ti cn c th gip cho xi nghip trong vic qui
hoch v pht sn xut trong tng lai nhm c cc s CC hp l, trnh
lng ph v t c cc ch tiu kinh t-k thut mong mun.
Tm qui c ca ph ti x nghip c xc nh bi mt im M c to
(theo h trc tu chn) c xc nh bng cc biu thc sau: M(x 0 , y0 ,
z0).
m

SttPXi .xi

x0 =

i 1
m

SttPXi
i 1

Trong : Stt PXi

S ttPXi . yi

y0 =

i 1
m

S ttPXi .zi

z0 =

i 1
m

S ttPXi
i 1

(1-14)
S ttPXi

i 1

- Ph ti tnh ton ca phn xng i.

xi , yi , zi - To ca phn xng i theo h trc to tu chn.

m

- S phn xng c ph ti in trong x nghip.

24

1.7.2. Biu ph ti in
Biu ph ti l mt cch biu hin v ln ca ph ti trn mt bng x
nghip, nh vy n cho ta bit s phn b ca ph ti trn mt bng (tc mt
ph ti ti cc v tr khc nhau trn mt bng). iu ny cho php ngi thit k
chn c v tr t cc trm bin p, trm phn phi. Khi bit r mt ph ti
trn mt bng cn gip cho ngi thit k chn c mt kiu s CC thch
hp nhm gim c tn tht v t c cc ch tiu kinh t ti u. Ngoi ra
thng qua biu ph ti cn cho ngi thit k bit c s phn b v c cu
ph ti gip cho s vch cc phng n CC c hp l hn (tho mn c
nhiu nht cc yu cu ca ph ti).v.v...
Bn knh vng trn ph ti c th c xc nh bng biu thc sau:

S ttpxi
RPX i =

(1-15)

.m

Trong : RPX i - [cm hoc mm] bn knh vng trn ph ti ca phn xng i.
Stt px i - [kVA] ph ti tnh ton ca phn xng i.
- [kVA/cm; mm] h s t l tu chn.

th hin c cu ph ti trong vng trn ph ti, ngi ta thng chia

vng trn ph ti theo t l gia cng sut chiu sng v ng lc v v vy ta
c th tnh gc ca phn cng sut chiu sng theo cng thc sau:

360.Pcspxi
csi

Trong :

csi

(1-16)

Pttpxi

- Gc ca ph ti chiu sng phn xng i.

Pcspsi - Ph ti chiu sng ca phn xng i.

Pttpxi - Ph ti tnh ton phn xng i.
Trn mt bng nh my v mt to xoy, c v tr to trng tm ca cc
phn xng l: ( xi; yi ) ta xc nh c cc ta ti u M0 ( x0; y0)
Cng thc:
x

x i Si
Si

y i Si
Si

25

Bng 1.6.Kt qu tnh ton bn knh R v gc

T
T
1

Tn phn xng
Ban qun l v phng thit
k

cs

ca biu ph ti

Pcs

Ptt

Stt

KW

KW

KVA

mm

23,07

119,07

148,48

4,1

0
cs

69,7

Phn xng c kh s 1

31,85 1081,87 1803,12 10,7 10,6

Phn xng c kh s 2

47,25 1247,25 2078,75 14,8 13,6

Phn xng luyn kim mu

34,87 2134,87 2668,59 16,8

Phn xng luyn kim en

67,5

1817,5

2271,87 15,5 13,3

13,2

85,45

142,42

3,8

51

291

415,71

6,6

PX sa cha c kh
(SCCK)

5,8

55,6
63,0

Phn xng rn

Phn xng nhit luyn

B phn nn kh

22,5

442,5

632,14

8,1

18,3

10

Kho vt liu

37,38

177,38

253,4

5,1

75,8

57,09 1337,09 1505,88 12,6 15,3

26

cm

1
148,83

8
7,6
6,5
6,2

5
2271,87
8
1505,88

2
1803,1
7
415,71

3
2078,7

4,1
6
142,42

3,45
4
2668,5

9
632,14

10
253,4

2,4

3,5

6,6

9,1

10,2

Hnh 1.2. Biu ph ti ca nh my c kh Hng Phong

27

cm

CHNG 2.

THIT K MNG IN CAO P CHO NH MY

2.1. YU CU I VI CUNG CP IN.
- Yu cu i vi cung cp in v ngun in cung cp rt a
dng. N ph thuc vo gi tr ca nh my v cng sut yu cu. Khi
thit k cc s cung cp in phi lu cc yu t c trng cho
nh my ring bit iu kin kh hu, a hnh, cc thit b i hi
tin cy cung cp in cao, cc c im ca qu trnh sn sut v qu
trnh cng ngh ... t xc nh mc m bo an ton cung
cp in, thit lp s cu trc cp in hp l.
- Vic la chn s cung cp in ch yu cn c vo tin cy
tnh kinh t v an ton. tin cy ca s cp in ph thuc vo
loi h tiu th xc nh s lng ngun cung cp cho s .
- S cung cp in phi c tnh an ton cho ngi v thit b
trong mi qu trnh vn hnh. Ngoi ra, khi la chn s cung cp
in cng phi lu n cc yu t k thut khc nh n gin thun
tin cho vn hmh, c tnh linh hot trong s c v bin php t ng
ha.
2.2. LA CHN CP IN P TRUYN TI T KHU VC V
X NGHIP.
2.2.1 Cc cng thc kinh nghim xc nh in p truyn ti
Trong tnh ton in p truyn ti thng thng ngi ta thng s
dng mt s cng thc kinh nghim sau:
U

4,34 l

0,016P

U = 16 4 P.l

(2-1)
(2-2)

28

U = 17
Trong :

l
16

(2-3)

U - in p truyn ti tnh bng [kV].

l - Khong cch truyn ti tnh bng [km].
P - Cng sut cn truyn ti tnh bng [1000 kW].

Nh vy cp in p hp l truyn ti in nng v nh my s l :

U 4,34 l 0,016P 4,34 3,5 0,016.6987,1 46,6(kV)

Nh vy ta chn cp in p cung cp cho nh my l 35 kV
2.3. VCH CC PHNG N CP IN.
- Khi xc nh c h tiu th trong nh my ta s cn c vo
nh gi cho ton nh my vi nh my ta c s h tiu th loi
3 l: Phn xng sa cha c kh , ban qun l v phng thit k , kho
vt liu ; v s h tiu th loi 1 l cc PX cn li.
H thng

H thng

~
35 - 110 kV

Trm 1

Trm 2

Trm 3

Trm 4

6 20 kV

a)

b)

Hnh 2.1. Cc s c trng cung cp in cho x nghip.

2.3.1. Chn phng n v cc trm bin p phn xng
Cc TBA c la chn da trn cc nguyn tc sau :
+ V tr trm cn phi gn tm ph ti (nhm gim tn tht in
nng, in p, ....).
29

+ V tr trm cn phi c t nhng ni thun tin cho vic lp

t, vn hnh cng nh thay th v tu sa sau ny (phi khng gian
c th d dng thay my bin p, gn cc ng vn chuyn ....).
+ V tr trm phi khng nh hng n giao thng v vn chuyn
vt t chnh ca x nghip. + V tr trm cn cn phi thun li cho vic
lm mt t nhin (thng gi tt), c kh nng phng chy, phng n tt
ng thi phi trnh c cc b ho cht hoc cc kh n mn ca chnh
x nghip ny c th gy ra.
Nh vy vic chn v tr cc trm phi da trn mt bng cng
ngh ca x nghip, v tr v hng gi ca x nghip trong mt bng tng
th ca khu vc. Vic quyt nh chn v tr nn phi hp hi ho cc cc
nguyn tc trn v mi mt nguyn tc u nhm tho mn mt yu cu
c th no m v vy i khi chng li mu thun nhau (v d nguyn
tc gn tm ph ti nhiu lc li lm vi phm cc nguyn tc khc v
ngc li). Ngoi ra cn c th v cc l do c bit khc m kh c th
tho mn c cc nguyn tc trn (l do quc phng, l do chnh tr
khc v.v...).
Cn c vo v tr , cng sut v yu cu cung cp in ca cc phn
xng c th a ra cc phng n :
Phng n 1 : t 7 TBA phn xng , trong :
Trm bin p B1 : Ban qun l v phng thit k.

S dmB

S tt1
1,4

148 ,48
106 ,05 (kVA)
1,4

Chn MBA tiu chun Sm = 160 kVA

30

Tng t ta c bng 2.1

Phng
n 1
Trm B1

Tn phn xng

Stt(KVA)

S
S tt
(kVA)
lng
1,4
MBA

ban

qun

phng thit k

Chn
MBA

148.48

106.05

160KVA

1803.125

1287.94

800KVA

Trm B2

pxck s 1

Trm B3

pxck2 v px nn kh 2710.89

1936.35

1000KVA

Trm B4

Px luyn kim mu

2668.59

1906.13

1000KVA

2414.29

1724.49

1000KVA

669.11

477.93

630KVA

1505.88

1075.62

630KVA

Trm B5
Trm B6
Trm b7

Px luyn kim en v
Pxscck
Px rn v kho vt
liu
Px nhit luyn

Cc MBA u chn my bin p do Vit Nam ch to.

Bng 2.1. Trm BA cp in cho cc PX.

31

Phng n 2 : t 6 TBA phn xng , trong :

Phng

Tn phn xng

n 2
Trm B1
Trm B2
Trm B3
Trm B4
Trm B5
Trm B6

Ban ql v phong
tk-Pxxk 1
Pxck 2 v px nn
kh
Pxlk en v Px
rn
Pxlk mu
Pxscck

nhit luyn
Kho vt liu

Px

SL

Chn

MBA

MBA

Stt(KVA)

S tt
(kVA)
1,4

1951.19

1401.34

800KVA

2710.89

1936.35

1000KVA

2687.58

1919.7

1000KVA

2668.59

1906.13

1000KVA

1648.3

1177.35

630KVA

253.4

181

200KVA

Bng 2.2. Trm BA ca PA2

2.3.2. Phng n cung cp in cho cc trm bin p phn xng
1. Cc phng n cung cp in cho cc trm bin p phn xng :
a. Phng n s dng s dn su :
a ng dy trung p 35kV vo su trong nh my n tn cc trm
bin p phn xng .
b. Phng n s dng trm phn phi trung tm ( TPPTT)
in nng t h thng cung cp cho cc trm bin p phn xng
thng qua TPPTT .
c. Phng n s dng trm bin p trung gian (TBATG) :
Ngun 35 kV t h thng v qua TBATG c h xung in p 10kV
cung cp cho cc trm bin p phn xng . v nh my c xp vo h loi 1
nn trm bin p trung gian phi t 2 my bin p vi cng sut c chn theo
iu kin :

32

n.S dmB
S dmB

S ttnm
S ttnm
2

9468 ,51(kVA)
4734 ,25 (kVA)

Chn my bin p tiu chun : 5600 kVA

Kim tra dung lng ca my bin p chn theo iu kin qu ti s c
vi gi thit cc h loi 1 trong nh my u c 30% l ph ti loi 3 c th tm
ngng cung cp in khi cn thit :

(n 1).k qt .S dmB
S dmB

0,7 S tt
1,4

ttsc

0,7.9468,51
4734,25(kVA)
1,4

Vy trm bin p trung gian s t 2 MBA : 5600 kVA- 35/10,5 kV

2.3.3.Xc nh v tr t cc trm bin p phn xng
Trong cc nh my thng dng cc kiu TBA phn xng :
* Cc trm bin p cung cp in cho mt phn xng c th dng loi lin k
c mt tng ca trm chung vi tng ca phn xng nh vy tit kim c
vn xy dng v t nh hng n cng trnh khc .
la chn c v tr t cc TBA phn xng cn xc nh tm ph ti
ca cc phn xng hoc nhm phn xng c cung cp in t cc TBA
:
Xc nh v tr t trm bin p B1 ( phng n 1 ) cung cp in cho : Ban
qun l v phng thit k:
n

S i xi
x 01

i 1
n

Si

2.148,83
148,83

i 1

y 01

8.148,83
148,83

33

Bng 2.3.Kt qu xc nh v tr t cc TBA phn xng :

Phng n

Phng n 1

Phng n 2

Tn trm

V tr t
Xoj

Yj

B1

B2

6,5

3,5

B3

3,7

1,9

B4

3,4

6,6

B5

6,5

8,09

B6

6,9

5,2

B7

7,6

10,2

B1

6,15

3,8

B2

3,7

1,9

B3

6,6

7,9

B4

3,4

6,6

B5

7,2

10,1

B6

8,1

1,4

TBATG

5,28

5,76

2.4. TNH TON KINH T - K THUT LA CHN PA HP L.

2.4.1. La chn cc thit b cao p
- Chn my ct hp b pha cao p TBATG(35-10.5KV) loi 8DA10 c
Udm=36kv, cch in SF6,idm=2500A (phia 35KV), Inmax=110KA, In 13s=40KA. (hng SIEMENS)
- Chn my ct pha h p TBATG(35-10.5KV) lai 8DC11 c Udm=12KV,
SF6, Idm=1250A (phia 10KV), inmax=63kA, in 1-3s=25kA.. (Hng SIEMENS)
- Chn dao cch ly pha cao p 35KV loi 3DC c Udm = 36KV, idm = 2500A,
inmax = 50ka, int = 20ka. (Hng SIEMENS)
- Chn chng st van loi PBC-35KV do Lin X ch to.

34

2.4.2. Tnh ton cc phng n

so snh v la chn phng n hp l ta s dng hm chi ph tnh ton Z
v ch xt n nhng phn khc nhau trong cc phng n gim khi lng
tnh ton :
Z = (avh + atc ) K + c . A
Trong :
avh - H s vn hnh , avh = 0,1 ;
atc - h s tiu chun , atc = 0,2 ;
K - vn u t cho trm bin p v ng dy ;
c - gi tin 1 kWh tn tht in nng , c = 1000 /kWh .
A - Tn tht in nng trong my bin p
2.4.2.1 Tnh ton phng n 1

Hnh 2.1. Phng n cung cp in cho nh my.

1. Chn my bin p phn xng v xc inh tn tht in nng A trong cc
trm bin p :
* Chn my bin p phn xng :
Trn c s chn c cng sut cc MBA phn trn ta c
bng kt qu chn my bin p cho cc trm bin p phn xng do Vit Nam

35

ch to.
Bng 2.4 - Kt qu chn MBA trong cc TBA ca phng n 1
PN S

n gi

Thnh

SM

Uc/UH

(KVA)

(KV)

kW

kW

B1

160

10/0,4

0.5

2.95 1

38000

38000

B2

800

10/0,4

1.4

10.5 2

104600

209200

B3

1000

10/0,4

1.75 13

150700

301400

B4

1000

10/0,4

1.75 13

150700

301400

B5

1000

10/0,4

1.75 13

150700

301400

B6

630

10/0,4

1.2

8.2

98000

98000

B7

630

10/0,4

1.2

8.2

98000

196000

TnTBA

P0

my 10 3

tin
10 3

3
Tng vn u t cho trm bin p : KB = 1445400.10

Xc nh tn tht in nng A trong cc TBA :

n. P0 .t

S
1
PN . tt
n
S dmB

. (kWh)

Trong :
n- s my bin p ghp song song
t - Thi gian my bin p vn hnh , vi mi MBA vn hnh sut 1
nm t=8760 h .
4
= (0,124 10 Tmax).8760 (h)

Tmax = 4500 h
Tnh cho trm B1:
Sttnm = 148,83 kVA
SmB = 160 kVA
P0 = 0,5 kW
PN = 2,95 kW

36

Ta

n. P0 .t

S
1
PN . tt
n
S dmB

. (kWh)

kWh]

1
148,83
1.0,5.8760 .2,95.
.2886 11746,47(kWh)
2
160
Cc TBA khc cng tnh ton tng t , kt qu cho trong bng 3.3
Bng 2.5 - Kt qu tnh ton tn tht in nng trong cc TBA ca phng
n 1
Tn

Stt(kVA

TBA

my

B1

148.48

160

0.5

2.95

11746.47

B2

1803.12

800

1.4

10.5

101499

B3

2710.89

1000

1.75

13

168518.5

B4

2668.59

1000

1.75

13

164249.8

B5

2414.29

1000

1.75

13

140002.4

B6

669.11

630

1.2

8.2

37206.64

B7

1505.88

630

1.2

8.2

88629.16

SM(kVA)

P0(kW)

PN(kW)

A(kWh)

Tng tn tht in nng trong cc TBA : AB= 711852 kWh

2.Chn dy dn v xc nh tn tht cng sut , tn tht in nng trong
mng in :
* Chn cao p t trm bin p trung gian v cc trm bin p phn xng :
Cp cao p c chn theo mt kinh t ca dng in jkt . i vi nh
my ng h o chnh xc lm vic 2 ca , T max= 4500 h , s dng cp li ng ,
tm c jkt = 3,1 A/mm2
Tit din kinh t ca cp

Fkt

I max
(mm2 )
jkt

Cc cp t TBATG v cc trm phn xng u l l kp nn :

37

S ttpx

I m ax

2 3U dm

Da vo Fkt tnh ra c , tra bng la chn tit din tiu chun cp gn nht .
Kim tra tit din cp chn theo iu kin pht nng :

khc .I cp

I sc

Trong :
isc : Dng in khi xy ra s c t 1 cp , Isc = 2.Imax
khc = k1.k2 .
k1 : h s hiu chnh theo nhit , ly k1= 1 .
k2 : h s hiu chnh v s dy cp cng t trong mt rnh ,
cc rnh u t 2 cp , khong cch gia cc si l 300 mm . Theo PL 4.22
(TL1) , tm c k2=0,93 .
V chiu di cp t TBATG TBAP X ngn nn tn tht in p nh , ta c
th b qua khng cn kim tra li theo iu kin Ucp.
Chn cp t ngun v TPPTT :
Tmax = 4500 h

I m ax
Fkt

Jkt =1,1 vy dng in ln nht chy trn dng dy:

S ttnm

9468,51

2 3U dm

2 3.35

I m ax
J kt

78,09( A)

70,99(mm 2 )

Tra bng trang 294-sch CC c dy AC - 95

Chn cp t TPPTT n B1 :

I max

S ttpx

4,29( A)

2 3U dm

Tit din kinh t ca cp :

Fkt

I m ax
j kt

4,29
3,1

38

1,38 (mm 2 )

Tra bng PL 4.16 la chn tit din tiu chun gn nht F = 16 mm2
cp ng 3 li 10 kV cch in XPLE , ai thp , v PVC do hng
FURUKAWA ( Nht) ch to c Icp=110 A .
Kim tra tit din cp chn theo iu kin pht nng :
0,93 Icp = 0,93 . 110 = 102,3 A > Isc=2 .Imax=8,58 A.
Cp chn tho mn iu kin pht nng
Tnh ton tng t ta chn c cc ng cp n cc trm bin p phn
xng khc . Kt qu chn cp phng n 1 c ghi trong bng 2.6:
Bng 2.6 - Kt qu chn cp cao p ca phng n 1
R0

gi Thnh tin

ng cp

F(mm2)

L(m)

TPPTT-B2

3 25

55

0.927

0.0003 125000

6875000

B2-B1

3 16

50

1.47

0.0367 110000

5500000

TPPTT-B3

3 35

55

0.668

0.0183 145000

7975000

TPPTT-B4

3 35

85

0.668

0.0283 145000

12325000

TPPTT-B5

3 25

195

0.927

0.0903 125000

24375000

B5-B7

3 16

35

1.47

0.0257 110000

3850000

TPPTT-B6

3 16

135

1.47

0.0992 110000

14850000

( /km)

R( )

(103/m)

Tng vn u t cho ng dy : KD = 75750 . 103

Xc nh tn tht cng sut tc dng trn cc ng dy :
Tn tht tc dng trn cc ng dy c tnh theo cng thc :

2
S ttpx
2
U dm

.R.10 3 (kW )

Trong :

1
.r0 .l ( )
n

n : S ng dy i song song

39

103)

Tn tht P trn on cp TPPTT-B1

2
s ttpx

2
dm

.R.10

0,98(kW )

Cc ng dy khc cng tnh tng t , kt qu cho trong bng diy:

Bng 2.7 - Tn tht cng sut trn ng dy ca phng n

2

R0

ng cp

F(mm )

L(m)

TPPTT-B2

3 25

55

0.927

0.0003 1961.89

0.98120

B2-B1

3 16

50

1.47

0.0367 148.83

0.00814

TPPTT-B3

3 35

55

0.668

0.0183 2710.89

1.34999

TPPTT-B4

3 35

85

0.668

0.0283 2668.59

2.02175

TPPTT-B5

3 25

195

0.927

0.0903 3920.09

13.8891

B5-B7

3 16

35

1.47

0.0257 1505.8

0.58329

TPPTT-B6

3 16

135

1.47

0.0992 669.11

0.44423

( /km)

R( )

Tng tn tht cng sut tc dng trn ng dy :

Stt(kVA)

P ( kW)

PD=19,27 kW .

Xc nh tn tht in nng trn cc ng dy c tnh theo cng thc

AD=

PD . ( kWh )

Trong : - thi gian tn tht cng sut ln nht , tra bng 4-1 (TL1)
vi Tmax=4500 h v tm c = 2886
AD=

PD . = 19,27.2886 = 55635,77 ( kWh )

3.Chi ph tnh ton ca phng n 1 :

Vn u t :

40

K1= KB + KD = ( 1445400+75750 ) . 103 = 1521150. 10 3 ( )

Tng tn tht in nng trong cc trm bin p v ng dy :
A1 = AB + AD = 711852+55635,77 = 767487,77 ( kWh ) .
Chi ph tnh ton :
Z1 = (avh + atc ) K1 + c . A1 = ( 0,1 + 0,2 ) 1521150 . 10 3 +1000 . 767487,77
= 1223832,77 . 103 ( ) .
2.4.2.2 . Phng n II :

Hnh 2.2 _ S phng n 2

1. Chn my bin p phn xng v xc inh tn tht in nng A trong

cc trm bin p :

41

* Chn my bin p phn xng :

Bng 2.8 - Kt qu chn MBA trong cc TBA ca phng n II
S

n gi

Thnh tin

my

10 3

10 3

10.5

104600

209200

1.75

13

150700

301400

10/0,4

1.75

13

150700

301400

1000

10/0,4

1.75

13

150700

301400

B5

630

10/0,4

1.2

8.2

98000

196000

B6

200

10/0,4

0.53 3.45

45000

45000

SM

Uc/UH

(KVA)

(KV)

kW kW

B1

800

10/0,4

1.4

B2

1000

10/0,4

B3

1000

B4

TnTBA

P0

PN

Tng vn u t cho trm bin p : KB = 1354400.103

Xc nh tn tht in nng A trong cc TBA :
Bng 2.9. Kt qu tnh ton tn tht in nng trong cc TBA ca phng
n II
Tn

TBA

my

B1

Stt(kVA)

SM(kVA)

1961.88

800

1.4

10.5

115649.4

B2

2710.89

1000

1.75

13

168518.5

B3

2687.58

1000

1.75

13

166157.9

B4

2668.59

1000

1.75

13

164249.8

B5

1648.3

630

1.2

8.2

102021.5

B6

253.4

200

0.53

3.45

20626.18

P0(kW)

PN(kW)

A(kWh)

Tng tn tht in nng trong cc TBA : AB=737223 kWh

42

2.Chn dy dn v xc nh tn tht cng sut , tn tht in nng trong mng

in :
Tnh ton tng t ta chn c cc ng cp n cc trm bin p phn
xng khc . Kt qu chn cp phng n 1 c ghi trong bng 2.10:
Bng 2.10. Kt qu chn cp cao p v h p ca phng n II
ng

n gi

Thnh tin

(103/m)

103)

0.0278

125000

7500000

0.668

0.0183

145000

7975000

115

0.668

0.0384

145000

16675000

3 35

85

0.668

0.0283

145000

12325000

TPPTT-B5

3 25

185

0.927

0.0857

125000

23125000

B4-B6

3 16

85

1.47

0.0624

110000

9350000

R0

F(mm2)

L(m)

TPPTT-B1

3 25

60

0.927

TPPTT-B2

3 35

55

TPPTT-B3

3 35

TPPTT-B4

cp

( /km)

R( )

Tng vn u t cho ng dy : KD = 76950 . 103

Xc nh tn tht cng sut tc dng trn cc ng dy :
Cc ng dy khc cng tnh tng t , kt qu cho trong bng di y:
Bng 2.11 - Tn tht cng sut trn ng dy ca phng n II
ng

F(mm2)

L(m)

TPPTT-B1

3 25

60

TPPTT-B2

3 35

TPPTT-B3

R0

R( )

Stt(kVA)

P ( kW)

0.927

0.0278

1961.88

1.0703

55

0.668

0.0183

2710.89

1.3499

3 35

115

0.668

0.0384

2687.58

2.7743

TPPTT-B4

3 35

85

0.668

0.0283

2921.99

2.4239

TPPTT-B5

3 25

185

0.927

0.0857

1648.3

2.3296

B4-B6

3 16

85

1.47

0.0624

253.4

0.0401

cp

( /km)

Tng tn tht cng sut tc dng trn ng dy :

43

PD= 9,9885 kW .

Xc nh tn tht in nng trn cc ng dy c tnh theo cng thc

AD=

PD . ( kWh )

vi Tmax=4500 h c = 2886 .
AD=

PD . = 9,9885.2886 = 28826,81 ( kWh )

3.Chi ph tnh ton ca phng n II :

Vn u t :
K2= KB + KD = (1354400+76950 ) . 103 = 1431350 . 10 3 ( )
Tng tn tht in nng trong cc trm bin p v ng dy :
A2 = AB + AD = 737223+28826,81 = 766049,81 ( kWh ) .
Chi ph tnh ton :
Z2 = (avh + atc ) K2 + c . A2 = ( 0,1 + 0,2 ) 1431350 . 10 3 +1000 . 766049,81
= 1195454,81 . 103 ( ) .
Nhn xt : T kt qu trn ta thy phng n 2 c chi ph tnh ton thp
hn .
s trm bin p t hn nn thun li hn trong cng tc xy lp
, qun l v vn hnh.
Do vy chn Phng n 2.

44

AC-95

8DA10
TBATG

8DC11-12KV
TG 10 KV

11x8DH10-10KV

2X

LP

PE (
3X25
)

2XLPE (3X25)

E(

(3X35)
2XLPE

3X
35)

2XLPE (3X16)

2XL

)
X35

(3
PE
2XL

11x3DC-12KV
B1

B2

B3

B4

B5

B6

0.4KV

Hnh 2.3. S nguyn l mng cao p ton nh my.

45

CHNG 3.

TNH TON NGN MCH

3.1. MC CH TNH NGN MCH.
- Mc ch tnh ngn mch l chn v kim tra cc thit b .
- Do tnh ton chn thit b khng i hi chnh xc cao nn c th
dng nhng phng php gn ng v ta c s gi thit sau:
+ Cho php tnh gn ng in khng h thng qua cng sut ct ngn
mch ca my ct u ngun v khng bit cu trc ca h thng.
+ Khi lp s tnh ton ta b qua nhng phn t m dng ngn mch
khng chy qua v cc phn t c in khng khng nh hng ng k nh
my ct, dao cch ly, aptomat,...
+ Mng cao p c th tnh hoc khng tnh n in tr tc dng. Cc h
thng cung cp in xa ngun v cng sut l nh so vi h thng in quc
gia, mng in tnh ton l mng in h, mt ngun cung cp cho php ta tnh
ton ngn mch n gin trc tip trong h thng c tn.
+ Mng h p th in tr tc dng c nh hng ng k ti gi tr dng
ngn mch, nu b qua trong tnh ton s phi sai s ln dn n chn thit b
khng chnh xc.
3.2. CHN IM TNH NGN MCH V TNH TON CC THNG
S CA S .
3.2.1.Chn im tnh ngn mch
- chn kh c in cho cp 35kv, ta cn tnh cho im ngn mch N 1 ti
thanh ci trm bin p trung tm 35/10,5kv kim tra my ct v thanh gp
y ta ly SN = Sct ca my ct u ngun.
- chn kh c in cho cp 10,5kv :

46

+ Pha h p ca trm bin p trung tm, cn tnh im ngn mch N 2 ti

thanh ci 10kv ca trm kim tra my ct, thanh gp.
+ Pha cao p trm bin p phn xng, cn tnh cho im ngn mch N 3
chn v kim tra cp, t cao p cc trm
- Cn tnh im N4 trn thanh ci 0,4kv kim tra T h p tng ca trm.
3.2.2. Tnh ton cc thng s ca s
- S nguyn l .
N1
DK

BATG MC

N2

N3

MC

Cp

BATT

DCL

N4

CC
BAPX

- S thay th .
N1
XHT

ZD

N2
ZBATT

ZC

N3
ZBAPX

N4

HT

Tnh in khng h thng:

X HT

U 2tb
SN

SN : Cng sut ngn mch ca MC u ng dy trn khng (DK), S N =

Sct = 3 . Um . Im.
My ct u ng dy trn khng l loi SF6, k hiu 8DA10 c
Um=36kv, Im = 2500 A, Icm = 110kv.

X HT

36 2
3.35 .110

0,194 ( )

DK

Loi AC -95 c r0 = 0,33 /km; x0 = 0,413

RD = r0 . l = 0,33 . 5 = 3,3 ( )
XD = x0 . l = 0,413 . 5 = 4,13 ( )
47

/km; l = 10km.

My BATT: Loi 5600-35/10,5 c Sm = 5600kVA, UC = 35kv; PN =

57kw; UN% = 7,5. Tnh RBATT v XBATT quy i v pha 10,5kV.

2
PN .U dm
.103
2
S dm

RB

XB

57.10 2
.103
2
5600

RB
XB

7,5.10 2
.10 3
100 .5600

2
U N % U dm
.
.103
100 S dm

0,181(
1,339 (

Cc ng cp 10,5 kv:

- Cp t BATT n trm B1 :
r0 = 0,927 /km; x0 = 0,118 /km; l = 0,06 km.
RC = r0 . l /2= 0,927 . 0,06/2 = 0,027 ( )
XC = x0 . l /2= 0,118 . 0,06/2 = 0,0035( )
X0

r0

Km

/km

/km

25

0,06

0,118

BATT-B2

35

0,055

BATT-B3

35

BATT-B4
BATT-B5

F,

L,

mm2

BATT-B1

ng cp

BATT-B6

RC,

XC,

0,927

0,0287

0,0035

0,113

0,668

0,0183

0,0031

0,115

0,113

0,668

0,0384

0,0065

35

0,085

0,113

0,668

0,0283

0,0048

25

0,185

0,118

0,927

0,0857

0,0109

16

0,085

0,128

1,47

0,0624

0,0054

Bng 3.1. Kt qu in tr cc ng cp.

Trm bin p phn xng :

Cc trm BAPX u chn my bin p ca Vit Nam ABB ch to.
- Loi 1000 KVA c: Uc = 10kv, Uh = 0,4kv,
13kw, Un

= 5,5.
48

Po = 1,75kw, Pn =

13 .0,4 2
.10 3
2
1000

RB

XB

2,08 .10

5,5.0,4 2
.10 3
100 .1000

8,8.10

Cc bin p khc tnh tng t, kt qu c ghi trong bng 3.2:

Bng 3.2
Sm

PN

kVA

kw

B1

800

10,5

5,5

0,00263

0,011

B2

1000

13

5,5

0,00208

0,0088

B3

1000

13

5,5

0,00208

0,0088

B4

1000

13

5,5

0,00208

0,0088

B5

630

8,2

4,5

0,00331

0,0114

B6

200

3,45

4,5

0,0138

0,036

My bin p

UN%

RB,

3.3. TNH TON DNG NGN MCH.

Ngn mch ti im N1 :

- S thay th
N1
XHT

ZD

HT

Ta c :
I N1

U tb1
3.Z
1

- I N1

- I XK1

I N' 1

36

I
3. 3,3

2.1,8.I N1

(4,13 0,194)

3,821(kA)

2.1,8.3,821 9,726(kA)
49

XB,

- S N1

3UI N1

3.35.3,821

231,63(MVA)

Tnh ngn mch ti im N2 :

- S thay th
N2
XHT

ZD

ZBT

HT

Ta c :
10,5
3,3.
36

- R1QD(10,5 kv)
- X 1QD(10,5kv)

(0,194

0,28( )
2

10,5
4,13).
36

0,367( )

R 2 = R1Q + RBTQ = 0,28 + 0,181 = 0,461 ( )

X 2 = X1Q + XBTQ = 0,367 + 1,339 = 1,706 ( )
Vy ta c:

I N' 2

IN2

10,5

3. 0,461

I XK 2

2.1,8.I N 2

SN 2

3UI N 2

3,43(kA)

1,706

2.1,8.3,43 8,731(kA)

3.10,5.3,43 62,37(MVA)

Ngn mch ti N3:

- S thay th
N3
XHT

ZD

ZBT

ZC1

HT

- Tnh IN3 cho tuyn BATT - B1:

Ta c : R3 = R 2 + RC1 = 0,461 + 0,0287 = 0,489 ( )
X3 = X 2 + XC1 = 1,706 + 0,0035 = 1,7095 ( )

I N3

10,5
C1

3. 0,489

1,7095

50

3,409(kA)

I XK 3

2.1,8.3,409

C1

S N 3 C1

8,677(kA)

3.10,5.3,409 61,997(MVA)

Tnh tng t cho cc ng cp khc, kt qu c ghi trong bng sau.

Bng 3.3
ng cp

R3 ,

IN3, kA

x 3,

SN3

ixk3; kA

MVA

BATT-B1

0.488

1.709

3,409

8.6779

61.9979

BATT-B2

0.479

1.709

3,41

8.68044

62.0161

BATT-B3

0.499

1.712

3,39

8.62953

61.6523

BATT-B4

0.489

1.710

3,4

8.65499

61.8342

BATT-B5

0.546

1.716

3,36

8.55316

61.1068

BATT-B6

0.523

1.711

3,38

8.60408

61.4705

Ngn mch ti N4:

- S thay th

N4

XHT

ZD

ZBT

ZC

ZBX

HT

IN4

3QD ( 0 , 4 KV )

3QD ( 0 , 4 KV )

RBX

X BX

0,4
0,489.
10,5

R4

X4

0,4
1,709.
10,5

0,4
2

3. 0.00333

17,209(kA)

0,013

I XK 4

2 .1,8.17,209 43,806(kA)

SN4

3.0,4.17,209 11,92( MVA)

51

0,00263 3,33.10 3 ( )

0,011 0,013( )

Tnh tng t cho cc tuyn cn li ta c bng sau:

Bng 3.4
SN4

ng cp

R4,

IN4, kA

X4,

ixk4; kA
MVA

BATT-B1

0,0033

0,0134

17,209

43,806

11,92

BATT-B2

0,0027

0,0112

20,25

51,54

14.,02

BATT-B3

0,0028

0,0112

19,51

49,66

13,51

BATT-B4

0,0027

0,0112

19,51

49,66

13,51

BATT-B5

0,0040

0,0139

15,93

40,55

11,03

BATT-B6

0,0145

0,0384

5,61

14,28

3,88

3.4. CHN V KIM TRA THIT B.

3.4.1. Chn v kim tra my ct

iu kin chn v kim tra:

- in p nh mc, kv : UmMC

Um.m

- Dng in lu di nh mc, A : Im.MC

- Dng in ct nh mc, kA : Im.ct
- Dng n nh ng, kA : Im.
- Dng n nh nhit : tm.nh I

Icb

IN

ixk
t

qd

t dm.nh

a. Chn my ct ng dy trn khng 35kV

- Chn my ct SF6 loi 8DB10 do SIEMENS ch to c bng thng s
sau:
Loi

Um, kv

Im, A

INmax, kA

IN, kA

8DA10

36

2500

110

40

- Kim tra:
Inmax

IN = 3,82 (KA)
52

IN

ixk = 9,7 (kA)

My ct c dng nh mc Im > 1000A do khng phi kim tra dng n

nh nhit.
b. Chn my ct hp b 10,5kv
- Cc my ct ni vo thanh ci 6,3kv chn cng mt loi SF 6, k hiu
8DC11 do SIEMENS ch to c bng thng s sau:
Loi

Um,kV

Im, A

Im.C, 2s kA

i, kA

8DC11

12

1250

25

63

- Kim tra :
Im.ct

IN = 3,43 (kA)

im.

ixk = 8,7 (KA)

3.4.2. Chn v kim tra Aptomat

- Vi trm 2 MBA ta t 2 t aptomat tng, 2 t aptomat nhnh v 1 t
aptomat phn on.
- Vi trm 1MBA ta t 1 t aptomat tng v 1 t aptomat nhnh.
- Mi t aptomat nhnh t 2 aptomat.

Aptomat c chn theo dng lm vic lu di:

I dmA
U

dmA

I lv. max
U

S tt

I tt

3 * U dm

dm. m

- Vi aptomat tng sau my bin p, d tr c th chn theo dng nh

mc ca MBA.
S
I

dm. A

dm.B

dm.B

3.U

dm

- Aptomat phi c kim tra kh nng ct ngn mch : ICt m

Dng qua cc aptomat:

- Dng ln nht qua aptomat tng, MBA 800 kVA

53

IN

800

I m ax

3.0,4

1154 ,7( A)

- Dng ln nht qua aptomat tng, MBA 400 kVA

400

I m ax

3.0,4

577 ,35 ( A)

- Dng ln nht qua aptomat tng, MBA 1000 kVA

I m ax

1000
3.0,4

1443 ,3( A)

- Dng ln nht qua aptomat tng, MBA 630 kVA

I m ax

630
3.0,4

909 ,3( A)

Bng 3.5. Kt qu chn aptomat cho trm BA

S

Um

Im

lng

(V)

(A)

CM1250N

690

1250

B2,B3,B4 (2 x 1000 KVA)

CM1600N

690

B5 (2 x 630 KVA)

CM1001N

690

1000

25

B6 (1x 200KVA)

NS400N

690

400

25

Trm bin p

Loi

B1(2x800 KVA)

ICt (kA)

1600

50
50

3.4.3. Chn bin dng in BI

- Chn bin dng do SIEMENS ch to loi 4MA72 c thng s k thut
cho bng sau.
K hieu

4MA72

Um

Uchu ng

Uchu

I1 m

I2.m

I.ng

kV

kV

kV

kA

12

28

75

20

p xung

2500

54

- 1 hoc 5 120

3.4.4. Chn my bin p BU

- Chn my bin in p 3 pha 5 tr do Lin X ch to loi HTM-10 c
cc thng s k thut sau:
Cng sut nh mc theo

Um, V
Loi

S cp

cp chnh xc VA
Th

Sm

0,5

VA

120

120

200

1200

cp
HTM-10

10000

100

55

CHNG 4.

B CNG SUT PHN KHNG

4.1. T VN .
in nng c tiu th ch yu trong cc x nghip, cng nghip. Cc x
nghip ny tiu thu khong trn 70% tng s in nng sn sut ra, v th vn
s dng hp l v tit kim in nng trong x nghip c ngh rt ln. V mt
sn xut ra l phi tn dng ht kh nng ca cc nh my pht in sn xut
ra nhiu in nht, ng thi v mt dng in phi ht sc tit kim, gim tn
tht in nng n mc tit nh nht. Phn u 1kWh in ngy cng lm ra
nhiu sn phn hoc chi ph in nng cho mt sn phn ngy cng gim
Tnh chung trong ton b h thng thng c 10-15% nng lng b pht ra
b mt mt trong qu trnh truyn ti v phn phi.
1. ngha vic nng cao h s cos
Cng sut phn khng c tiu th ng c khng ng b, MBA, trn
ng dy ti in v mi ni c t trng . Yu cu ca cng sut phn khng
ch c th gim n ti thiu ch khng th trit tiu v n cn thit to ra t
trng l yu t trung gian thit trong qu trnh chuyn ho in nng.
Cng sut tc dng P l cng sut c tin hnh nh c nng hoc nhit
nng trong cc my dng in , cn cng sut phn khng Q l cng sut t ho
trong my in xuay chiu, n khng sinh ra cng.
Trong x nghip cng nghip cc ng c khng ng b tiu th khong 6575%, MBA 15-22% cc ph ti khc 5-10% tng dung lng cng sut phn
khng yu cu. Vic b cng sut phn khng cho x nghip nhm nng cao h
s cng sut n cos =(0,9-0,95)
Nng cao h s cng sut cos l mt trong nhng bin php quan trng
tit kim in nng h s cng sut c nng ln s a n hiu qu sau y
:
+ Gim tn tht cng sut trong mng in:
56

Chng ta bit tn tht cng sut trn ng dy c tnh

P=

P2

Q2
U2

P2
R
U2

Q2
R
U2

P( P )

P( Q )

Khi gim Q ta gim c thnh phn tn tht P(Q) do Q gy ra

+ Gim tn tht in nng trong mng
U=

P.R

Q.X
U

P
R
U

Q
X
U

U(P)

U (Q)

Khi gim Q ta gim c thnh phn tn tht U(Q) do Q gy ra

+ Tng kh nng truyn ti ng dy v MBA:
Kh nng truyn ti ca ng dy v MBA ph thuc vo iu kin pht nng,
tc l ph thuc vo dng in cho php ca chng:
I=

P2 Q2
3.U

Khi gim Q -> kh nng truyn ti c tng ln

V nhng l do trn ngoi vic nng cao h s cng sut cos , b cng sut
phn khng tr thnh vn quan trng
2. Cc bin php nng cao h s cos
a. Nng cao h s cos t nhin:
Tm cc bin php h tiu th gim bt lng cng sut phn khng Q:
- Thay i ci tin quy trnh cng ngh cc ch lm vic hp l nht
- Thay th cc ng c khng ng b lm vic non ti bng ng c c
cng sut nh hn
- Hn ch ng c chy khng ti
- Dng ng c ng b thay th cho ng c khng ng b
- Nng cao cht lng sa cha
- Thay th nhng MBA lm vic non ti bng MBA c cng sut nh hn
b. Dng bin php b cng sut phn khng nng cao h s cos :
Nng cao h s cng sut bng phng php b. Bng cch t cc thit b b
gn cc h dng in cung cp cng sut phn khng gim c lng
cng sut phn khng truyn ti trn ng dy do nng cao h s cos ca
57

mng in. Bin php b khng gim c lng cng sut phn khng ca h
tiu th m ch gim c lng cng sut truyn ti trn ng dy.
nh gi hiu qu vic gim tn tht cng sut tc dng chng ta a ra
mt ch tiu l ng lng kinh t ca cng sut phn khng k kt. ng
lng kinh t ca cng sut phn khng kkt l lng cng sut tc dng (kW) tit
kim c khi b (kVAr) cng sut phn khng:
Ptit kim = kkt.Qb
4.2. XC NH DUNG LNG NH MY.
Theo kt qu tnh ton ta c s liu cng sut ton nh my:
Ptt = 6987,189(kW)
Qtt = 6389,985 (kVAr)
Stt = 9468,51 (kVA)
H s cng sut ca x nghip l:

Ptt
Stt

cos

6987 ,189
9468 ,51

0,73

Bi ton t ra cn phi nng cao h s cos ln 0,95

Tng cng sut phn khng cn b cho nh my nng cao h s cng sut
cos 1=0,73 ln cos

= 0,95 l:

Qb = Ptt(tg

- tg 2).

Trong :
- Ptt Cng sut tnh ton ca ton nh my
- tg 1: Tr s ng vi h s cos

trc khi b vi cos

= 0,73-tg

0,93
- tg 2: Tr s ng vi h s cos
-

sau khi b vi cos

h s xt ti kh nng nng cao h s cos

khng
t thit b b

=1

- Qb tng dung lng cn b

Qb = 6987,189.(0,93 0,32) =4305,7 (kVAr)
58

= 0,95-tg

= 0,32

bng nhng bin php

4.3. CHN V TR T V THIT B B.

4.3.1. Chn thit b b.
b cng sut phn khng cho x nghip c th dng cc thit b b
sau:
- My b ng b :
+ C kh nng iu chnh trn.
+ T ng vi gi tr cng sut phn khng pht ra (c th tiu th cng
sut phn khng).
+ Cng sut phn khng khng ph thuc in p t vo, ch yu ph
thuc vo dng kch t
+ Gi thnh cao.
+ Lp rp, vn hnh phc tp.
+ Gy ting n ln.
+ Tiu th mt lng cng sut tc dng ln .
- T in :
+ Tn tht cng sut tc dng t
+ Lp t, vn hnh n gin, t b s c
+ Cng sut phn khng pht ra ph thuc vo in p t vo t.
+ C th s dng ni kh ro bt k t b t.
+ Gi thnh r.
+ Cng sut phn khng pht ra theo bc v khng th thay i c.
+ Thi gian phc v, bn km.
Theo phn tch trn th thit b T b thng c dng lp t nng cao
h s cng sut cho cc x nghip.

59

4.3.2. V tr t thit b b .
V nguyn tc c li nht v mt gim tn tht in p, tn tht in
nng cho i tng dng in l t phn tn cc b t b cho tng ng c
in, tuy nhin nu t phn tn qu s khng c li v vn u t, lp t v
qun l vn hnh . V vy vic t thit b b tp trung hay phn tn l tu thuc
vo cu trc h thng cp in ca i tng
4.3.3. Tnh ton phn phi dung lng b.
- S nguyn l t thit b b :
0,4KV
10KV

35KV

Pi+JQi

Cp

Qb

BAT
T

BAP
Xi

Qbi

- S thay th .
RCi

10KV

RBi

0,4KV
(Qi - Qbi)

Qb
Tnh dung lng b cho tng mch :

Cng thc: phn phi dung lng b cho mt nhnh ca mng hnh tia.
R
Q

b. i

(Q

XN

Q ).
b

td

( KVAR )

Trong :
+ Qi : cng sut phn khng tiu th ca nhnh i . (KVAR)
+ QXN : cng sut phn khng ton x nghip (KVAR)
+ Qb : cng sut phn khng b tng (KVAR)
- in tr tng ng ca ton mng :
1
R td

1
R1

1
R2

1
1
...
R3
R .i

60

Trong :
+ Ri = ( RC.i + RB.i ): in tr tng ng ca nhnh th i . (
+ RC.i : in tr cp ca nhnh th i. (
+ R Bi

P .U 2
N
S 2dm

).

( ) : in tr ca my bin p phn xng .

4.3.4. Xc nh in tr trn cp
Bng 4.1: Kt qu in tr cc nhnh cp.
Th t

ng cp

l(km)

F(mm2)

ro( /km)

R( )

TPPTT-B1

0.06

3*25

0.927

0.02781

TPPTT-B2

0.055

3*35

0.668

0.01837

TPPTT-B3

0.115

3*35

0.668

0.03841

TPPTT-B4

0.085

3*35

0.927

0.0394

TPPTT-B5

0.185

3*25

0.927

0.08575

B4-B6

0.085

3*16

1.47

0.06248

+ Xc nh in tr MBA
in tr MBA c xc nh :
RB =

2
PN .U dm
.10 3
2
Sdm

Trong :
-

PN Tn tht cng sut MBA khi ngn mch . (Tra bng PL.2-2 MBA
1000-10/0,4) ta c PN = 13(kW)

- Um in p nh mc ca MBA Um = 10 (kV)
- Sm Dung lng nh mc ca MBA Sm = 1000 (kVA)
RB

13 *10 2
1000 2

1,3( )

Trm t 2 my do ta c:

61

RB
2

RB

1,3
0,65( )
2

S liu tnh ton trm BAPX:

Tn trm

SmB(KVA)

S my

RB( )

B1

800

0,82

B2

1000

0,65

B3

1000

0,65

B4

1000

0,65

B5

630

1,03

B6

200

8,625

Bng 4.2. Kt qu in tr ca cc trm bin p.

TT

Tn nhnh

RB( )

Rc( )

PPTT-B1

0,82

0.02781

PPTT-B2

0,65

0.01837

PPTT-B3

0,65

0.03841

PPTT-B4

0,65

0.0394

0,689

PPTT-B5

1,03

0.08575

1,115

B4-B6

8,625

0.06248

8,687

Bng 4.3. Kt qu tnh in tr cc nhnh.

Rtd

Rtd

R=RB + Rc

1
1
R1

1
R2

1
R3

1
R4

1
R5

1
R6

1
1
0,847

1
0,668

1
0,688

1
1
0,689 1,115

62

1
8,687

0,151( )

0,847
0,668
0,688

4.4. XC NH DUNG LNG B CHO MI PHN NHNH.

Vi tng dung lng b xc nh bi ton t ra l vi tng dung lng
phi phn phi sao cho tn tht cng sut tc dng, do cng sut phn khng gy
ra l nh nht hiu qu c ln nht .
Nh my b cho theo kiu mng hnh tia :cng sut phn khng c phn ra
trn cc nhnh

Q
Qb

Q1 Q2
Qb1 Qb2

Q3
Qb3

Cng thc tinh dung lng b cc nhnh:

Qbi
Tnh

Qb1

Qi

(Q

Qb )

Rtd
Ri

cng sut b Qb1 cho nhnh TPPTT-B1.

1528 ,19

(7987 ,48

4305 ,7)

0,151
0,847

871,81( KVAr )

Tn nhnh

Qi, KVAR

QXN, KVAR

Qb , KVAR Qb.i, KVAR

TPPTT-B1

1528,19

7978,48

4305,7

871,818

TPPTT-B2

2110,28

7978,48

4305,7

1278,02

TPPTT-B3

1660

7978,48

4305,7

851,93

TPPTT-B4

1601,1

7978,48

4305,7

794,258

TPPTT-B5

1450,74

7978,48

4305,7

952,131

TPPTT-B6

180.92

7978,48

4305,7

116,922

Tnh

tng t cng sut b cho cc nhnh khc, kt qu ghi trong bng sau:
Bng 4.4: Kt qu dung lng b cc nhnh.

63

4.5. CHN THIT B B.

1. T in: L loi thit b t in tnh, lm vic vi dng in vt trc in
p do c th sinh ra cng sut phn khng Q cung cp cho mng
u im: Tn tht cng sut tc dng b, khng c phn quay nn lp rp d
dng
Nhc im: Nhy cm vi s bin ng ca in p t ln cc t in
2. My b ng b: L ng c ng b lm vic ch khng ti. Do
khng c ph ti nn my b ng b c ch to gn nh v r hn ng c
ng b cng cng sut.
Nhc im: C phn quay nn lp rp, bo qun v vn hnh kh khn.
3. ng c khng ng b rto dy qun c ng b ho: Khi cho dng
in mt chiu vo rto ng c khng ng b dy qun, ng c s lm vic
nh mt ng c ng b vi dng in vt trc in p. Do c kh nng
cung cp cng sut phn khng cho mng.
Nhc im: Loi ng c ny c tn tht cng sut kh ln
Do tng cng sut b ca nh my
Qb = 4865,09(KVAR)
Ta quyt nh chn thit b b l t in tnh, b tt c pha h p l loi thit
b in tnh lm vic vi dng in vt trc in p do c th sinh ra cng
sut phn khng Q cung cp cho mng.
+ S ni dy t in h p
Gm thit b ng ct v bo v c th l cu dao, cu ch . T in p thp l
loi t in 3 pha cc phn t ni thnh hnh tam gic pha trong:

64

+ Dung lng ca t din:

Qt = 2. .fU2.C = 0,314.U2.C
Trong :
- U in p t ln cc ca t kV
- C in dung ca t in F
+ La chn t in:
- La chn t cho nhnh 1
Chn loi KC2-0,38-50-3Y3 do Lin X(c) ch to tra trong bng 6.12(sch
tra cu) c thng s sau:
Bng 4.5. Thng s ca t b
Loi

Um(kV)

KC2-0,38-50-3Y3

0,38

Qm(kVAr)

C( F)

50

1102

S pha
3

S t s b trong mi nhnh

Qb1
Qdm

871,818
50

17 ,43

Nhnh 1 chn 18 b t b
Cng sut thc t b : 18.50 = 900(kVAr)
+ Tng t ta cng i la chn dung lng b cho cc nhnh khc c kt qu
bng sau:
Bng 4.6. Dung lng b cng sut phn khng cc nhnh
Tn trm

Loi

Qbi

S b

Qbthc t

S pha

B1

KC2-0,38-50-3Y3 871,818

18

900

B2

KC2-0,38-50-3Y3 1278,02

26

1300

B3

KC2-0,38-50-3Y3 851,93

17

850

B4

KC2-0,38-50-3Y3 794,258

16

800

B5

KC2-0,38-50-3Y3 952,131

19

950

B6

KC2-0,38-50-3Y3 116,922

150

65

Vy tng dung lng b l:

Qb = 900 + 1300 +850 + 800 + 950 + 150 = 4950(kVAr)
Thay vo cng thc:
Qb = Ptt(tg

- tg 2)

Ptt .tg

tg

cos

Ptt

Qb

6987 ,189 .0,93 4950

6987 ,189

0,22

= 0,97

Tho mn yu cu
- S lp t t b trong trm t 2 my.

T
aptomat
tng

T phn
phi cho
cc phn
xng

T b
cos

T aptomat
phn on

T b
cos

T phn
phi cho
cc phn
xng

Hnh 4.1. S lp t t b trong trm t 2 my.

66

T
aptomat
tng

AC-95

8DA10
TBATG

8DC11-12KV
TG 10 KV

11x8DH10-10KV

35)
E (3X
2XLP
35)
(3X
E
P
2XL

2XLPE (3X25)

2XLPE (3X35)

2XLPE (3X35)

11x3DC-12KV
B1

Qb1

B3

B2

Qb1

Qb2

Qb2

Qb3

B5

B4

Qb3

Qb4

Qb4

Qb5

B6

Qb5

Hnh 4.2. S nguyn l t b cho cc PX ton nh my.

67

2XLPE (3X16)

2XLPE (3X25)

Qb6

CHNG 5.

THIT K MNG IN NG LC PHN XNG SA

CHA C KH
5.1. S CUNG CP MNG IN PHN XNG.
5.1.1. nh gi cc ph ti ca phn xng sa cha c kh
Tng cng sut nh mc (Pm) ca cc thit b dng in trong
PXSCCK l 205,55 KW trong c 74% l ca cc thit b in l my ct
gt, mi gia cng kim loi va v nh, yu cu v cung cp in khng
cao lm, in p yu cu khng c g c bit m ch l in p 0,38 KV .
Cn li 26 % l cng sut ca cc l in v b in phn, nhm ny c th
c xp vo ph ti loi II ca phn xng. Nh vy qua phn tch trn ta
nh gi ph ti phn xng SC c kh l h loi III.
5.1.2. La chn s cung cp in cho phn xng SC c kh
a/ Gii thiu cc kiu s :
C mt s kiu s chnh nh sau:

S hnh tia.

S ng dy chnh (phn nhnh)

S thanh dn.

S hn hp.

T PP

T PP

T L

T L

T L

HV-5.2
HV-5.1

68

* HV-5.1 v HV-5.2 - Kiu s hnh tia mng cp, cc thit b ng in

c cung cp trc tip t cc t ng lc TL hoc t cc t TPP bng cc
ng cp c lp. Kiu s CC ny c tin cy CC cao, nhng chi
ph u t ln thng c dng cho cc h c yu cu cao v lin tc CC
(h loi I hoc II).
Vi phn xng sa cha c kh ta chn kiu s hn hp mng cp
(tc l t TPP s c cc ng cp dn n cc hoc dn n mt vi thit b
c cng sut rt ln. T n cc thit b c th c cp in bng cc ng
cp c lp cho cc thit b c cng sut ln v quan trng. Cc thit b nh
l, phn tn c th c cp chung t cng mt ng cp. Trng hp c
cc nhm thit b cng sut kh ln, phn b tp chung cng c th chn h
thng thanh dn cho cc nhm ny.).
5.1.3.Chn v tr t ng lc v t phn phi
Nguyn tc chung:
+ V tr t nn gn tm ca ph ti (iu ny s gim c tn tht,
cng nh gim chi ph v dy.v.v...).
+ V tr t phi khng gy nh hng n giao thng i li trong phn
xng.
+ V tr t phi thun tin cho vic lp t v vn hnh.
+ V tr t phi ni kh ro, chnh c bi, hi a-xit v c kh nng
phng chy, n tt.
+ Ngoi ra v tr t cn cn ph hp vi phng thc lp t cp.
Cn ch rng trong thc t i lc v tr t cn phi tun th nhng
iu kin c bit khc hoc ch mt trong nhng iu kin trn buc phi
c m bo. Lc v tr t phi c u tin theo cc iu kin ring
.

69

5.2. CHN T PHN PHI V T NG LC.

5.2.1.Nguyn tc chung
+ m bo iu kin lm vic di hn.

U dmTU

U dmmang

(5-1)

I dmTU

I lv max

(5-2)

+ S l vo v ra phi ph hp vi s i dy. ng thi dng in nh

mc ca cc l ng dy ra phi tho mn biu thc sau;

I dmra

I lv max

(5-3)

+ Thit b ng ct v bo v ca t phi ph hp vi s i dy v yu
cu CC ca ph ti.
+ Kiu loi t phi ph hp vi phng thc i dy v lp t cc ng
cp. Ngoi ra kiu loi t cn phi c chn tho mn cc yu cu
ring khc v iu kin kh hu, a hnh v mi trng xung quanh ni
lp t.
Ilvmax trong cc biu thc (5-2), (5-3) l dng in lu di cc i i trong
ng cp u vo cc l ca t. Cn I dmTU hoc I dmra l dng nh mc
ca l vo ln nht v cc l ra ca t. Nh vy gia TL v TPP v
nguyn tc khng c g khc bit. S khc bit gia chng thng l do
ca ngi thit k nhm m bo cc yu cu ca vic bo v cng tnh
linh hot trong vn hnh ca s cng vi tnh kinh t ca tng d n.
5.2.2Chn t PP v TL
Thng thng ngi ta thng chn t phn phi c s nguyn l
nh (HV-5.3). Gm u vo c mt Aptmt tng v u ra l cc Aptmt
nhnh. Kiu t ny vn hnh an ton, thao tc thun tin xong gi thnh cng
cao, dng trong trng hp v tr ca t PP cch xa trm bin p phn xng.
Hoc gim chi ph pha u vo ca t PP ch c h thng cu dao v cu
ch v pha u ra cng tng t nh vy.

70

Cp vo t PP

HV-5.3

Thng thng t ng lc thng c chn ch gm c cu dao v

cu ch nh HV-5.4a. Trng hp s i dy kiu lin thng ngi ta s s
dng t nh s HV-5.4b. Tuy nhin tu thuc vo tnh cht cng vic, vo
yu cu CC ca ph ti v kh nng kinh t ca tng x nghip m cc t
ng lc i khi cn c chn ging nh t phn phi (HV-6.3) hoc ging
nh cc t ca HV-6.4 nhng tt c cc l ra c trang b Aptmt hoc b
cu dao v cu ch.
Cp vo t PP

Cp vo t PP

HV-5.4a

HV-5.4b

Da vo tnh hnh c th ca thc t ta chn :

a) T phn phi :
- T phn phi ca phn xng c lp t 1 aptomat tng v 6
aptomat nhnh, chn loi t c mt mt thao tc do hng Merlin Gerin ch
to.

71

AT

A6

A1
Hnh 5.5. S t phn phi
- Chn aptomat tng :

I dmAT

I lv max

Sttpx
3.U dm

Chn theo dng lm vic lu di

142,42
216,38( A)
3.0,38

Chn aptomat tng loi NS250N c Im= 250A.

- Aptomat u ngun t ti trm bin p phn xng c chn nh
aptomat tng loi NS250N
- Chn aptomat nhnh: ng b ta chn cng mt loi aptomat cho
cc nhnh v ch cn chn cho nhnh c dng lm vic ln nht.

Chn aptomat loi NS225E c Im=225A.

- Bng thng s k thut ca cc aptomat

Loi

S cc

Um ,V

Im ,A

Ict N , kA

NS250N

690

250

NS225N

500

225

7,5

b) T ng lc.
Chn t ng lc u vo c t cu dao- cu ch v c 8 u ra, t c
mt mt thao tc do SIEMEN ch to.

72

CDT
CCT

CC1

CC8

Hnh 5.6. S t ng lc
- iu kin chung cho tt c cc loi cu ch l: Iv0 > Idc.
- Chn cu ch cho ph ti khng phi ng c :
Idc Ilv.max
- Chn cu ch cho ph ti ng c :
+ Cu ch nhnh cp in cho 1 ng c, chn theo 2 iu kin:

I dc

I dm.D

K mm .I dm.D
dc

+ Cu ch nhnh cp in cho 2 hoc 3 ng c, chn theo 2 iu kin:

I dc

I dm. Di
n 1

I mm. m ax

I dm. Di .k sdi
1

I dc

- Cu ch tng (CCT) cp in cho c nhm ng c, chn theo 3 iu

kin :

I
I

dc

tt. n hom

I mm. max

(I tt.n hom

k sd .I dm.D )

dc

73

+ iu kin chn lc ,Idc ca cu ch phi ln hn t nht 2 cp so vi Idc

ca cu ch nhnh ln nht.
Trong :
+ Itt.nhm : dng tnh ton ca nhm ph ti
+ Idc : dng chy ca cu ch
+ Im. dng nh mc ca ng c
+ Kmm : h s m my .
+ Imm.max : dng m my ln nht
+ Ksd : h s s dng
+

: H s tnh ton, ph thuc c im ca mng.

- i vi ng c khng ng b th Kmm=5 7
- Cc my cng c coi khi ng khng ti ly =2,5 , my bin p hn
khi ng c ti ly =1,6
Chn cu ch cho t L1 (nhm 1)
- Cu ch bo v cho my ca kiu i 1 kW:

I dc

I dm

2,53 A

I dc

2,53.5
2,5

5,06 A

Chn Idc =30A

- Cu ch bo v khoan bn 0,65 kW :

I dc

I dm

1,64 A

I dc

1,64.5
2,5

3,3 A

Chn Idc =30A

- Cu ch bo v cho my mi th 2,8 kw

74

I dc

I dm

7,09 A

I dc

7,09.5
2,5

14,18 A

Chn Idc= 30A

- Cu ch bo v cho my khoan ng 2,8 kW :

I dc

I dm

7,09 A

I dc

7,09.5
2,5

14,18 A

Chn Idc= 30A

- Cu ch bo v my mi ngang 4,5 kW:

I dc

I dm

11,39 A

- I
dc

.5
2,5

22,79 A

Chn Idc=30A
- Cu ch bo v cho my xc 2,8 kw

I dc

I dm

7,09 A

I dc

7,09.5
2,5

14,18 A

Chn Idc= 30A

- Cu ch bo v cho my mi trn vn nng 2,8 kw:

I dc

I dm

7,09 A

I dc

7,09.5
2,5

14,18 A

Chn Idc= 30A

- Aptomat tng cho t L1
- kw I dc

I ttn hom

20 ,17 A

Chn loi aptomat NC100H.

75

- Cc t ng lc khc tnh chn Idc cu ch tng t , kt qu c ghi

trong bng 5-3 ( trang sau)
5.3. CHN CP CHO MNG PHN XNG.
5.3.1. Chn cp t trm bin p n phn xng
- Theo iu kin pht nng:
Khc.Icp

Itt.PX

(1)

- Cp c bo v bng aptomat.
I

kd

K hc .I cp

(2)

Trong :
+ Khc : h s hiu chnh theo nhit mi trng t cp v s ng
cp t song song
+ Ik : dng khi ng ca b phn ct mch in.
+

= 1,5 : i vi khi ng nhit .

= 4,5 : i vi khi ng in t .

- Dng Ik c chn theo dng khi ng nhit , Ik.nhit

an ton thng ly Ik.nhit =1,2Im.aptomat v

Im.aptomat .

=1,5.

Cp c bo v bng aptomat loi NS250N c Im= 250A, v i tng

tuyn ring trong hm cp, Khc = 1
ta c Ik.nhit=1,2.250 = 3000 A => I cp

I kd

300
1,5

200 ( A)

=> Chn cp ng 4 li cch in PVC do LEN ch to, k hiu 4 G 70

mm2 c Icp = 246A.
- Kim tra iu kin 1: Icp

Itt .PX = 216,38A.

5.3.2. Chn cp t t phn phi n t ng lc

Chn cp t TPP-L1

76

- Ta cng chn theo iu kin (1) v (2) trn .

Cp c bo v bng aptomat loi NS225E c Im = 225A, v i ring
tng tuyn trong t , Khc = 1
an ton ta chn Ik.nh = 1,2Im.aptomat v

= 1,5 .

=> dng khi ng nhit Ik.nh = 1,2.225 = 270A

Ta c : I cp

I kd

270
1,5

180 A

Chn cp ng 4 li 4G50 c Icp = 192 A.

- Kim tra iu kin : Khc.Icp
=> I cp

Itt.nhm

I ttnhlom 103 ,59 A . Cp chn tho mn.

Chn tng t cc tuyn khc, kt qu ghi trong bng sau :

B 5.1. Kt qu chn cp t TPP-TL
Tuyn cp

Itt ,A

FCp ,mm2

Icp ,A

PP-L1

20,17

50

192

PP-L2

103,59

50

192

PP-L3

14,69

50

192

PP-L4

24,76

50

192

PP-L5

52,03

50

192

5.3.3. Chn cp t t ng lc n tng thit b

iu kin chn :
K hc .I cp

I dm

I dc
K .I
hc

cp

Trong :
+ Mng ng lc bo v bng cu ch =3
+ Dng dy chy Idc ca cu ch bo v c chn trn.

77

+ T c 8 l ra ,ta c Khc=0,7
Chn cp cho nhm ph ti 1
- Dy cp t t L1 n my ca kiu i 1kW:
Chn cp loi 4G2.5 l loi cp ng 4 li cch in PVC do LENS ch
to c Icp = 41A; Idc = 30A.
+ Kim tra iu kin :0,7 . 41 = 28,7 > 2,53 (A)
+ Kt hp vi Idc = 60(A) ta c: I 'cp

28,7

30
3

I dc

10

Cc thit b khc v nhm khc cng chn tng t, kt qu ghi trong bng
sau:

78

Bng 5.2. Kt qu tng hp.

Ph ti

Cu ch

Tn my
Pm, kw Im, A

M hiu

Dy dn

Idc, A

M
hiu

Fc, mm2 Icp, A

Nhm 1
My ca kiu ai

2.53

H-2-100

30

4G2.5

2.5

41

Khoan bn

0.65

1.64

H-2-100

30

4G2.5

2.5

41

My mi th

2.8

7.09

H-2-100

30

4G2.5

2.5

41

My khoan ng

2.8

7.09

H-2-100

30

4G2.5

2.5

41

My mi ngang

4.5

11.39

H-2-100

30

4G2.5

2.5

41

My xc

2.8

7.09

H-2-100

30

4G2.5

2.5

41

My mi trn vn nng

2.8

7.09

H-2-100

30

4G2.5

2.5

41

17.35

43.9

NC 100H

100

My phay rng

4.5

11.39

H-2-100

50

4G2.5

2.5

41

My phay vn nng

7.8

19.75

H-2-100

50

4G2.5

2.5

41

My tin ren

8.1

20.51

H-2-100

50

4G2.5

2.5

41

My tin ren

10

25.32

H-2-100

80

4G2.5

2.5

41

My tin ren

14

35.45

H-2-100

80

4G4

53

My tin ren

4.5

11.39

H-2-100

30

4G2.5

2.5

41

My tin ren

10

25.32

H-2-100

80

4G2.5

2.5

41

My tin ren

20

50.64

H-2-250

120

4G10

10

87

Cu trc

24.2

61.28

H-2-250

200

4G16

16

113

103.1 261.07 NC 125H

125

My khoan ng

0.85

2.15

H-2-100

40

4G2.5

2.5

41

Bn

0.85

2.15

H-2-100

40

4G2.5

2.5

41

mykhoan bn

0.85

2.15

H-2-100

30

4G2.5

2.5

41

B du c tng nhit

2.5

6.33

H-2-100

30

4G2.5

2.5

41

My co

2.53

H-2-100

30

4G2.5

2.5

41

Cng nhm 1 :
Nhm 2

Cng nhm 2 :
Nhm 3

79

My mi th

2.8

7.09

H-2-100

30

4G2.5

2.5

41

My nn ct lin hp

1.7

4.30

H-2-100

30

4G2.5

2.5

41

My mi ph

2.8

7.09

H-2-100

30

4G2.5

2.5

41

Qut l rn

1.5

3.79

H-2-100

40

4G2.5

2.5

41

My khoan ng

0.85

2.15

H-2-100

40

4G2.5

2.5

41

15.7

39.75 NC 100H

100

Cng nhm 3 :
Nhm 4
B ngm dung dch kim

7.59

H-2-100

30

4G2.5

2.5

41

B ngm nc nng

7.59

H-2-100

30

4G2.5

2.5

41

My cun dy

1.2

3.03

H-2-100

30

4G2.5

2.5

41

My cun dy

2.53

H-2-100

30

4G2.5

2.5

41

B ngm tm c tng nhit

7.59

H-2-100

30

4G2.5

2.5

41

T sy

7.59

H-2-100

30

4G2.5

2.5

41

My khoan bn

0.65

1.64

H-2-100

30

4G2.5

2.5

41

My mi th

2.8

7.09

H-2-100

40

4G2.5

2.5

41

Bn th ngim thit b in

17.72

H-2-100

40

4G2.5

2.5

41

Cng nhm 4:

24.65

62.41 NC 100H

100

Nhm 5
B kh du m

7.59

H-2-100

30

4G2.5

2.5

41

L in luyn khun

12.66

H-2-100

30

4G2.5

2.5

41

L in nu chy babit

10

25.32

H-2-100

60

4G2.5

2.5

41

L in m thic

3.5

8.86

H-2-100

60

4G2.5

2.5

41

Qut l c ng

1.5

3.79

H-2-100

30

4G2.5

2.5

41

My khoan bn

0.65

1.64

H-2-100

30

4G2.5

2.5

41

My un cc tm mng

1.7

4.30

H-2-100

30

4G2.5

2.5

41

My mi ph

2.8

7.09

H-2-100

30

4G2.5

2.5

41

my hn im

16

40.51

H-2-100

100

4G6

66

Chnh lu slnium

0.6

1.51

H-2-100

30

4G2.5

2.5

41

44.75 113.31 NC 100H

100

Cng nhm 5:

80

TBA
4 G 70

NS 250 N

NS 250 N

NS 225 E
4 G 50

4 G 50

NC 100H

NC 125H

DL - 1

100
30

100
30

DL - 2
100
30

100
30

100
30

100
30

250
200

100
30
4 G 2.5

4 G 10

0,65

2,8

2,8

4,5

2,8

2,8

2,53

1,64

7,09

7,09

11,39

7,09

7,09

100
50

250
120

100
80

100
80

100
30

100
80

100
50

4 G 16
17
19

12

4G4
13
14

20

24,2

8,1

10

14

4,5

10

61,28

20,51

25,32

35,45

11,39

25,32

4 G 2.5
15

16

10

11

4,5

7,8

P dm(kW)
P dm(kW)

4 G 50
I tt (A)

50,64

I tt (A)

11,39 19,75

4 G 50

NC 100H

NC 100H

DL - 5

DL - 3
100
40

100
30

100
30

100
30

100
30

100
30

100
30

100
30

100
40
4 G 2.5

4 G 2.5

P dm(kW)
I tt (A)

27

21

26

0,85

0,85

0,85

2,5

2,15

2,15

2,15

6,33

2,53

18

30

31

33

2,8

1,7

2,8

7,09

4,3

7,09

100
60

4 G 50
34

0,85

P dm(kW)

3,79

2,15

I tt (A)

7,59

12,66

57

58

60

10

3,5

1,5

8,86

3,79

25,32

NC 100H

100
30

100
30

100
30

100
30

100
30

100
40

4 G 2.5

P dm(kW)
I tt (A)

4 G 2.5
41

42

46

1,2

7,59

7,59

3,03

47

48

7,59

7,59

2,53

100
30

100
100

49

50
0,65
1,64

52

53

2,8

7,09

17,72

Hnh 5.7. S nguyn l mng h p PXSCCK.

81

100
30

4G6
56

55

1,5

100
30

100
30

4 G 2.5

36

DL - 4
100
30

100
30

100
30

62

0,65
1,64

64

65

1,7

2,8

4,3

7,09

66

69

16

0,6

40,51

1,51

Hnh 5.8. Mt bng i dy xng c kh.

82

CHNG 6.

THIT K CHIU SNG CHO PHN XNG SA CHA

C KH
61. NGUYN TC V TIU CHUN CHIU SNG.
6.1.1.Yu cu i vi chiu sng
Trong cng nghip cng nh trong cng tc v i sng, nh sng nhn
to rt cn thit, n thay th v b sung cho nh sng thin nhin. Vic chiu
sng nh hng tr tip n nng sut lao ng v sc kho ca ngi lao
ng trong cng tc cng nh trong sinh hot. V vy chiu sng phi m
bo cc yu cu ti thiu nht nh, cc yu cu ny c xem nh tiu chun
cht lng nh sng, l nguyn tc nh ra tiu chun v thit k chiu
sng.
- m bo chiu sng v n nh.
+ Nguyn nhn lm nh sng dao ng l s dao ng ca in p, v
vy tiu chun quy nh in p ch c dao ng vi UCf =

2,5% Um.

Trong x nghip nguyn nhn gy ra dao ng l ch lm vic khng u

ca my cng c.
+ Mt nguyn nhn khc lm nh sng dao ng l s rung ng c hc
ca n in cho nn n phi c gi c nh.
- Quang thng phn b u trn ton mt chiu sng (mt cng tc).
+ Khng c cc min c chnh lch qu ln v sng, khng c cc
bng ti qu, c bit l cc bng ti di ng. S chnh lch chiu sng
lm mt lun phi iu tit thch nghi do chng mi mt, cc bng ti di
ng d gy ra tai nn lao ng.

83

- Khng c nh sng chi trong vng nhn ca mt, lm mt chng mi

v kh iu tit, nu nh sng chi qu s gy ra hiu ng Pukin hoc m.
Nguyn nhn ca nh sng chi c th l: ngun sng c dy tc ln l
ra ngoi, c cc vt phn x mnh. Ngun sng chp chy, hn ch nh
sng chi c th dng nh sng gin tip, gc bo v thch hp, bng n m.
6.1.2. Tiu chun chiu sng
Tiu chun chiu sng quy nh chiu sng ti thiu cho cc ni, cc
loi cng tc khc nhau. Tiu chun c xy dng trn c s cn nhc v
kinh t, k thut nhm bo m va cc yu cu nu, chiu sng ti
thiu c quy nh cn c vo cc yu cu sau:
- Kch thc ca vt nhn khi lm vic v khong cch ca n ti mt,
hai yu t ny c th hin thng qua h s K :
K

a/b

a : kch thc vt nhn

b : khong cch t vt nhn ti mt
Nu K cng nh th chiu sng cng phi ln
- Mc tng phn gia vt nhn v nn. Nu tng phn cng nh
th cng kh nhn, do nu tng phn nh th i hi chiu sng ln.
- H s phn x ca vt nhn v nn, nu h s phn x ln th chiu
sng cn nh.
- Cng lm vic ca mt, ph thuc vo c im ring bit ca
tng cng tc. Nu cng tc i hi tp trung th gic th i hi chiu
sng cao.
Ngoi cc yu t trn khi quy nh cc quy nh chiu sng cn xt n
cc yu t ring bit khc nh s c mt ca cc vt d gy nguy him trong
in cng tc, s c mt ca cc thit b t chiu sng ...

84

6.2. H THNG CHIU SNG.

C hai h thng chiu sng chung v chiu sng kt hp gia chiu sng
chung v chiu sng b phn.
- Chiu sng chung l h thng chiu sng m ton b mt cng tc c
chiu sng bng n chung.
+ u im l mt cng tc c chiu sng u hp vi th gic, mt
khc c th dng cng sut n v ln, hiu sut s dng cao .
+ Nhc im l lng ph in nng v ch chiu sng c mt pha t
n ti.
- Chiu sng kt hp l h thng chiu sng trong mt phn nh sng
chiu chung, phn cn li chiu ring cho ni cng tc.
+ u im l chiu sng ni cng tc c nng cao do chiu sng
b phn, c th iu khin quang thng theo hng cn thit v c th tt cc
chiu sng b phn khi khng cn thit do tit kim in.
6.3. CC LOI V CH CHIU SNG.
6.3.1. Cc loi chiu sng
C hai loi chiu sng
- Chiu lm vic m bo nh sng cn thit ni lm vic v trn
phm nh my.
- Chiu sng s c m bo lng nh sng ti thiu khi mt nh sng
lm vic, h thng chiu sng s c cn thit ko di thi gian lm vic
ca cng nhn vn hnh v m bo an ton cho ngi rt ra khi phng sn
xut.
6.3.2 Ch chiu sng
- Chiu sng trc tip, ton b nh sng c chuyn trc tip n mt
thao tc.

85

- Chiu sng na trc tip, phn ln nh sng chuyn trc tip vo mt

thao tc, phn cn li chiu sng gin tip.
- Chiu sng na gin tip, phn ln nh sng chiu gin tip vo mt
cng tc, phn cn li chiu trc tip
- Chiu sng gin tip, ton b nh sng c chiu gin tip vo mt
cng tc. Chiu sng trc tip c hiu qu cao nht, kinh t nht nhng c
chiu sng u n phi treo cao, d sinh nh sng chi. Cc ch chiu
sng cn li hiu sut thp v mt phn nh sng b hp th nn thng c
dng trong khu vc hnh chnh, sinh hot, cn i vi phn xng sa cha
c kh ta dng ch chiu sng trc tip.
6.4. CHN H THNG V N CHIU SNG.
6.4.1 Chn h thng chiu sng
Vic chn h thng chiu sng phi m bo cc yu cu chiu sng v
u im ca h thng chiu sng .
- H thng chiu sng chung: khi yu cu m bo sng ng u trn
mt bng sn xut, khng i hi cng th gic cao v lu, khng thay i
hng chiu trong qu trnh cng tc.
- H thng chiu sng cc b: khi nhng ni m cc b mt cng tc
khc nhau yu cu chiu sng khc nhau v c chia thnh tng nhm
cc khu vc khc nhau trn mt cng tc.
- H thng chiu sng kt hp: khi nhng ni th gic cn phi lm vic
chnh xc, ni m cc thit b cn chiu sng mt phng nghing v khng to
ra cc bng ti su.
Vy i vi phn xng sa cha c kh i hi chnh xc cao trong
qu trnh lm vic nn ta chn h thng chiu sng kt hp.

86

6.4.2. Chn loi n chiu sng

Thng dng hai loi n sau :
+ Bng n si t
+ Bng n hunh quang.
Cc phn xng sn xut t dng n tup, thng dng n si t, v
n tup nhy vi tn s f = 50Hz gy ra o gic khng quay i vi cc ng
c khng ng b, nguy him cho ngi vn hnh my, d gy tai nn lao
ng, ta dng n si t cho phn xng sa cha c kh.
6.5. XC NH S LNG V DUNG LNG BNG N.
6.5.1. Cc phng php tnh
- Phng php im: b qua quang thng phn x, thng tnh ton
cho nhng ni: chiu sng ngoi tri, chiu sng li i, nhng ni c phn x
thp nh hm l, bn cng, ng i....
- Phng php quang thng: tnh n s phn x nh sng, thng dng
cho trng hp chiu sng trong nh v hi trng....
6.5.2. Phng php h s s dng quang thng
1

- Ch s hnh dng ca phng:

a .b
1

H1 (a1

b1 )

- Ksdqt: H s s dng quang thng, tra bng theo cc h s phn x ca

tng, nn, trn v loi n, hnh dng....
Mt khc Kseqt li c tra bng theo: [PL VIII1: TKCC trang 324]
Ksdqt = f (

tr

, t,

nn,

, loi n)

[Ph lc VIII.1. : TKCC trang 324]

87

K sd.qt

h.ch

h.ich

= Etb.S.Kd.tr : quang thng hu ch

Trong :
Etb : ri trung bnh
S : din tch chiu sng
Kd.tr : h s d tr, tra bng theo tnh cht ca mi trng (bng B5.2.
trang 124: TKC)
+

cc.n

0.n

: quang thng tng ca cc n.

n : s n
0

: quang thng ca n

Emin: ri tiu chun, chon theo loi hnh cng vic (B5.3 trang 135:
TKC)
Z :h s tnh ton, tra bng theo t s L/H (Bng 5-1 trang 134: TKC)
H : cao treo n
L

: khong cch gia cc n

Etb =

E min
Z

+ cao treo n H so vi mt thit b lm vic

H = h - h1 - h2
h : chiu cao nh xng.
h1: khong cch t trn n bng n h1 = 0,5 0,7m
h2 : cao mt bn lm vic h2 = 0,7 1m

88

h1

h2

a.b
: ch s ca phng.kch thc a.b
H(a b)

+ ,

tng,

trn,

nn

: tra bng tm ra h s s dng quang thng Ksd.qt

Vy ta c :

E
K

min

sd.qt

.S.K

d. tr

Z.
min

.S.K

d.tr

huu.ich
max

E .S.1,3
tb

K sd.qt .Z

K sd.qt

+ Chn loi n c cng sut n P0, quang thng

S lng bng n : n =
0

Cng sut chiu sng tng : Pcs =n.P0

6.6. TNH TON CHIU SNG CHO PXSCCK.
- V l xng sn xut, d nh dng n si t. Chn ri E = 30 lx
- Cn c vo trn nha cao 4,5m, mt cng tc h2 = 0,8m, cao treo n cch
trn 0,7m.
H = 4,5 0,8 0,7 = 3m

89

- Tra bng vi n si t, bng vn nng c L/H = 1,8, xc nh c

khong cch gia cc n.
L = 1,8 H = 5,4m
- Cn c vo b rng xng (20m) chn L = 5m.
- Ly h s phn x ca tng :

tng

= 50% tng ng mu vng.

- Ly h s phn x ca trn :

trn

= 70% tng ng mu trng.

- Ch s hnh dng ca phng.

a.b
H . a b)

tng,

trn,

nn

55 .20
3.(55 20 )

4,88

tra bng PL-VIII [gt:TKCC] c Ksd=0,51

- Phng t khi bi, tro, m hng ly Kd.tr = 1,3

- Loi hnh phn xng c kh chnh xc: ly Emin = 30lx [bng 5.3 TKC]
- Chn h s tnh ton Z=1,2
Ta c :

E m in .S .K dt
Z .K sd

30 .55 .20 .1,3

1,2.0,51

- Dng n si t, c P0 = 200W,
S lng bng n n
0

70098 (lm)

= 2528 lm [bng 5.5 - TKC]

70098
2528

27 ,7

T h s L v s lng bng ta b tr lm 4 dy, cch nhau

5m,cch tng 2,5m theo chiu rng ca xng. chn 28 bng mi dy 7

bng cch nhau 6,5m, cch tng 4,75m theo chiu dai ca xng.

Trong 2 phng sinh hot, ta t thm 2 bng loi 100W. Vy tng

cng sut ton xng l:

90

Pcs = 28 bng x 200W + 2 bng x 100W = 5,8kw

6.6.1. Thit k mng in chiu sng:
t ring mt t chiu sng cnh ca ra vo ly in t t PP ca xng. T
gm mt ptmt tng 3 pha v 8 ptmt nhnh 1 pha, 7 p t mt mi p
tmt cp in cho 4 bng n loi 200W v 1 ptmt cp in cho 2 bng
n loi 100W.
Pcs

I cs

5,8

3U dm

0,38. 3

8,8( A)

Chn cp ng, 4 li, v PVC, do LENS sn xut; c Icp=66A

4G6

b. Chn p tmt tng: 50A, 3 pha ca i loan, TO-50EC-50A.

c. Chn p tmt nhnh:
Cc p tmt nhnh chn ging nhau, mi p tmt cp in cho 4 bng
loi 200W v mt p tmt cp in cho 6 bng loi 100W. Dng qua p
tmt (1 pha).
In

4.0,2
0,22

3,64A

Chn 7 p tmt 1 pha, Im = 10A do i Loan ch to.

10 QCE - 10A
d. Chn dy dn t p tmt nhnh n cm 4 v 6 n.
Chn dy ng bc, tit din 2,5mm2

M (2. 2,5) c Icp = 27A.

e. Kim tra iu kin chn dy kt hp vi p tmt.

- Kim tra cp 4G6 h s hiu chnh k =1.

66 A

I kdn
1,5

1,25 .50
1,5

41,6 A

- Kim tra dy 2,5mm2

91

1,25.10
1,5

27A

8,33A

g. Kim tra lch in p:

V ng dy ngn, cc dy u c chn vt cp khng cn kim tra
st p.

TPP

4G6
TO-50EC-50A
TCS
8 x QCE-10A
8 x M ( 2 x 2,5 )

Hnh 6.1. S nguyn l mng chiu sng PXSCCK

92

Hnh 6.2. S mt bng mng chiu sng PXSCCK

93

KT LUN
n ny ca em thc hin da trn c s nghin cu tm hiu thit k
h thng mng in cng nghip mng. Thng qua ti thit k h thng
cung cp in thc s gip em hiu bit r rng hn v nhng g em
c hc trong sut thi gian qua.
i vi em, bn n thc s ph hp vi nhng kin thc em tch
ly c khi hc ngnh thit k h thng cung cp mng in. Do trnh
cng nh kh nng nhn thc c hn, cng vi vic thiu thn trong ti liu
tham kho v thi gian nghin cu, tm hiu ti cn hn ch nn d c
rt c gng nhng chc rng bn n cn nhiu thiu st. Em mong cc thy
c chm trc v nhn c s ch bo tn tnh ca cc thy c c th hiu
hn v tip cn gn hn vi cc cng ngh mi.
Em xin chn thnh cm n thy gio Th.S Nguyn c Minh hng
dn v gip em hon thnh bn n ny. ng thi em cng xin cm n
tt c cc thy c dy d em trong nhng nm hc va qua, nh cc thy
c em mi c c nhng kin thc nh ngy hm nay. chnh l nhng
kin thc c bn gip em thc hin tt nhim v tt nghip v l nn tng cho
cng vic sau ny ca em
Em xin chn thnh cm n !

Hi Phng, ngy 10 thng 07 nm 2011

Sinh vin thc hin
L Vn Tin

94

MC LC
LI NI U ................................................................................................. 1
CHNG 1. C NH PH TI TNH TON CC PHN XNG
V TON NH MY .................................................................................... 2
1.1. T VN ............................................................................................ 2
1.2. QUY M, CNG NGH NH MY. ..................................................... 3
1.3. XC NH PH TI TNH TON THEO CNG SUT TRUNG
BNH V H S CC I: Theo phng php ny .................................... 5
1.3.1. Xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo cng sut trung bnh v lch trung
bnh bnh phng: ............................................................................................. 6
1.3.2. Xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo cng sut trung bnh v h s hnh
dng: .................................................................................................................. 6
1.3.3. Xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo cng sut t v h s nhu cu: ............ 7
1.3.4. Xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo sut ph ti trn mt n v din tch
sn sut: ............................................................................................................. 7
1.3.5. Xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo sut tiu hao in nng trn mt n v
sn phm v tng sn lng:............................................................................. 8
1.4. XC NH PH TI TNH TON CHO PXSCCK. .............................. 9
1.4.1. Gii thiu phng php xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo cng sut trung
bnh Ptb v h s cc i kmax ......................................................................... 10
1.4.1.1.Trnh t xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo phng php Ptb v kmax: ..... 13
1.5. XC NH PH TI TNH TON CA CC PHN XNG. ....... 22
1.7. XC NH TM PH TI IN V BIU PH TI. ............... 24
1.7.1. Tm ph ti in.................................................................................... 24
1.7.2. Biu ph ti in .............................................................................. 25
CHNG 2. HIT K MNG IN CAO P CHO NH MY ........ 28
2.1. YU CU I VI CUNG CP IN. ............................................... 28

95

2.2. LA CHN CP IN P TRUYN TI T KHU VC V X

NGHIP. ......................................................................................................... 28
2.2.1 Cc cng thc kinh nghim xc nh in p truyn ti ........................ 28
2.3. VCH CC PHNG N CP IN. ................................................ 29
2.3.1. Chn phng n v cc trm bin p phn xng ................................ 29
2.3.2. Phng n cung cp in cho cc trm bin p phn xng ................ 32
2.3.3.Xc nh v tr t cc trm bin p phn xng ................................... 33
2.4. TNH TON KINH T - K THUT LA CHN PA HP L. ........ 34
2.4.1. La chn cc thit b cao p .................................................................. 34
2.4.2. Tnh ton cc phng n ....................................................................... 35
2.4.2.1 Tnh ton phng n 1 ........................................................................ 35
2.4.2.2 . Phng n II : .................................................................................... 41
CHNG 3. TNH TON NGN MCH ................................................ 46
3.1. MC CH TNH NGN MCH. ......................................................... 46
3.2. CHN IM TNH NGN MCH V TNH TON CC THNG
S CA S . ............................................................................................ 46
3.2.1.Chn im tnh ngn mch .................................................................... 46
3.2.2. Tnh ton cc thng s ca s .......................................................... 47
3.3. TNH TON DNG NGN MCH. ..................................................... 49
3.4. CHN V KIM TRA THIT B. ......................................................... 52
3.4.1. Chn v kim tra my ct ..................................................................... 52
3.4.3. Chn bin dng in BI ........................................................................ 54
3.4.4. Chn my bin p BU ........................................................................... 55
CHNG 4. B CNG SUT PHN KHNG....................................... 56
4.1. T VN .......................................................................................... 56
4.2. XC NH DUNG LNG NH MY. ............................................. 58
4.3. CHN V TR T V THIT B B. ................................................ 59
4.3.1. Chn thit b b. .................................................................................... 59

96

4.3.2. V tr t thit b b . ............................................................................. 60

4.3.3. Tnh ton phn phi dung lng b. ..................................................... 60
4.3.4. Xc nh in tr trn cp ..................................................................... 61
4.4. XC NH DUNG LNG B CHO MI PHN NHNH. ............. 63
4.5. CHN THIT B B. ............................................................................. 64
CHNG 5. THIT K MNG IN NG LC PHN XNG
SA CHA C KH.................................................................................... 68
5.1. S CUNG CP MNG IN PHN XNG. ........................... 68
5.1.1. nh gi cc ph ti ca phn xng sa cha c kh ......................... 68
5.1.2. La chn s cung cp in cho phn xng SC c kh ................... 68
5.1.3.Chn v tr t ng lc v t phn phi ................................................. 69
5.2. CHN T PHN PHI V T NG LC. ...................................... 70
5.2.1.Nguyn tc chung ................................................................................... 70
5.2.2Chn t PP v TL ................................................................................. 70
5.3. CHN CP CHO MNG PHN XNG. .......................................... 76
5.3.1. Chn cp t trm bin p n phn xng .......................................... 76
5.3.2. Chn cp t t phn phi n t ng lc ........................................... 76
5.3.3. Chn cp t t ng lc n tng thit b ............................................. 77
CHNG 6. THIT K CHIU SNG CHO PHN XNG SA
CHA C KH ............................................................................................. 83
61. NGUYN TC V TIU CHUN CHIU SNG. .............................. 83
6.1.1.Yu cu i vi chiu sng .................................................................... 83
6.1.2. Tiu chun chiu sng ........................................................................... 84
6.2. H THNG CHIU SNG. ................................................................... 85
6.3. CC LOI V CH CHIU SNG. .............................................. 85
6.3.1. Cc loi chiu sng................................................................................ 85
6.3.2 Ch chiu sng ................................................................................. 85
6.4. CHN H THNG V N CHIU SNG. ....................................... 86

97

6.4.1 Chn h thng chiu sng ...................................................................... 86

6.4.2. Chn loi n chiu sng ...................................................................... 87
6.5. XC NH S LNG V DUNG LNG BNG N................. 87
6.5.1. Cc phng php tnh ........................................................................... 87
6.5.2. Phng php h s s dng quang thng ............................................. 87
6.6. TNH TON CHIU SNG CHO PXSCCK. ........................................ 89
6.6.1. Thit k mng in chiu sng:............................................................. 91
KT LUN .................................................................................................... 94
ti liu tham kho

98