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UNIT 1

VOCAB &
EXAMPLES
ANNA BUAN

GLOBALIZATION
a term used to describe the spreadand connectedness of
production,communication and technologies across the
globe.
Example: The olympics beginning in Greece and still going
on today

POLITICAL MAP
do not show physical features. Instead, they indicate state
and national boundaries and capital and major cities. A
capital city is usually marked with a star within a circle.
Example:

PHYSICAL MAP
illustrate the physical features of an area, such as the
mountains, rivers and lakes. The water is usually shown in
blue. Colors are used to show reliefdifferences in land
elevations. Green is typically used at lower elevations, and
orange or brown indicate higher elevations.
Example:

CHOROPLETH
a thematic map in which ranked classes of some variable are
depicted with shading patterns or colors for predefined
zones.
Example:

DOT MAP
a thematic map in which a dot represents some frequency of
the mapped variable
Example:

ISOLINE MAP
a thematic map with lines that connect points of equal value.
Example:

STATISTICAL MAP
A special type of map in which the variation in quantity of a
factor such as rainfall, population, or crops in a geographic
area is indicated; such as a dot map
Example:

CARTOGRAM
a map that has been simplified to present a single idea in a
diagrammatic way: the base is not normally true to scale.
Example:

PROPORTIONAL
ARROW

TOPONYMS
a place name, especially one derived from a topographical
feature.
Example:
Rocky Mountains

SITE VS SITUATION
Site is the actual location of a settlement on the earth and is
composed of physical characteristics of the landscape
specific to the area. Situation is the location of a place
relative to its surroundings and other places.
Example:
Plymouth Rock

LATITUDE
The numbering system to indicate the location of a parallel

LONGITUDE
the numbering system used to indicate the location of
meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east
and west of the Prime Meridian.

GRID SYSTEM

HOW A SCALE IS USED TO


MANIPULATE INFORMATION
Takes earth sized information and decreases the numbers to
ones that can fit on a map

LARGE SCALE VS
SMALL SCALE
Large scale refers to maps on which objects are relatively
large small scale refers to maps on which objects are
relatively small.

DISTORTION
disadvantages for maps depicting the entire world of the:
shape, distance, relative size, and direction of places on
maps
Example:
The map distorted how far away Russia really is from Alaska

CARTOGRAPHY
The science or practice of drawing maps
Example:
A cartographer draws maps

GIS
A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer system
designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and
present all types of spatial or geographical data.

GPS
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based
satellite navigation system that provides location and time
information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near
the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four
or more GPS satellites.

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
the ways humans manipulate physical geography for their
benefit. Different fields include: cultural geography,
developmental geography, historical geography, and
population geography.
Example:
There is a class that studies human geography

PHYSICAL
GEOGRAPHY
natural geography of the world. Different fields include:
oceanography, hydrology, climatology, and glaciology.
Example:
My dad is a hydrologist and studies water, especially
flooding

LOCATION
Position on the earth's surface
Example:
Your specific longitude and latitude is your location on the
worl

PLACE
Physical Features - Climate, animalsHuman Features language, houses
Example:
A school is a place

REGION
an area that has similar, unifying characteristics
Example:
We live in the midwest region

MOVEMENT
Movement of people, goods, and ideas
Example:
A large movement of people happened when a lot of people
immigrated to the New World

INTERACTION
Interaction between people and their environment.
Examples: hunting, farming.
Example:
When you farm it is an interaction between animals and
people

RELOCATION
DIFFUSION
Individuals or groups with a particular idea or practice
migrate from one location to another equals bringing the idea
to a new location
Example:
When the new ideas of freedom in the New World were
spread, there was a lot of relocation diffusion

EXPANSION
DIFFUSION
Ideas or practices spreading throughout a population from
area to area in a snowballing affect equals number of
knowers, users increase
Example:
The idea of Christianity was expansion diffusion

HIERARCHICAL
DIFFUSION
Spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or
power to other persons or places.
Example:
The king/queen spread hierarchical diffusion

CONTAGIOUS
DIFFUSION
rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout
the population.
Example:
A disease is an example of contagious diffusion

STIMULUS DIFFUSION
spread of an underlying principle, even though a
characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse.
Example:
Chinese Porcelain

PRIME MERIDIAN
Zero degrees longitude

MERIDIANS AND
PARALLELS
The lines of latitude and longitude on the globe

REMOTE SENSING
Scanning of the world by satellites in order to gain
information

INTERNATIONAL DATE
LINE
Imaginary line of 0 degrees longitude

GMT
Official time during, summer In British Colombia

HEARTH
New innovation affecting humans first appears and diffusion
in its pattern and process or spread across the landscape
from the hearth area
Example:
Iphone

TRANSNATIONAL
CORPORATION
Or multinational enterprise is an organization, that owned or
controls productions of goods or services in one or more
countries other than the home country.
Example:
BP
General Electric

ECOSYSTEM
A biological community of interacting organisms and their
physical environment.
Example:
Ocean
Forest

ATMOSPHERE
The envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another
planet.

HYDROSPHERE
All the waters on the earth's surface, such as lakes and seas,
and sometimes including water over the earth's surface,
such as clouds.

LITHOSPHERE
The rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and
upper mantle

BIOSPHERE
The regions of the surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere of
the earth (or analogous parts of other planets) occupied by
living organisms.

SPATIAL
INTERACTION
A dynamic flow process from one location to another. It is a
general concept that may refer to the movement of human
beings such as intraurban commuters or intercontinental
migrants but may also refer to traffic in goods such as raw
materials or to flows of intangibles such as information.
Example:
Cities to suburbs

CULTURAL
LANDSCAPE
A geographic area (including both cultural and natural
resources and the wildlife or domestic animals therein),
associated with a historic event, activity, or person or
exhibiting other cultural or aesthetic values.
Example:
Community

WHAT IS GEOGRAPHY
The study of the physical features of the earth and its
atmosphere, and of human activity as it affects and is
affected by these, including the distribution of populations
and resources, land use, and industries.

GMT
A time zone officially used in some European and African
countries. The time can be displayed using both the 24-hour
format (0 - 24) or the 12-hour format (1 - 12 am/pm). UTC is
not a time zone, but a time standard that is the basis for civil
time and time zones worldwide.

VERNACULAR REGION
A vernacular region exists based upon people's perceptions.
Example:
People from Europe might refer to Americans, and people
living in the US. But, people living in South America might
refer to themselves as Americans as well

FUNCTIONAL REGION
A functional region exists because a specific function is
present within the region (for example, an area covered by a
particular sales force or a rail network)
Example:
Farming in the midwest
Tourism in Hawaii
Subways in NY

FUNCTIONAL REGION
A formal region is typically defined by a government or
administrative group for the purpose of defining boundaries
Example:
Sydney, Australia

SPACE-TIME
COMPRESSION
Refers to any phenomenon that alters the qualities of and
relationship between space and time.

DISTANCE DECAY
Describes the effect of distance on cultural or spatial
interactions

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