Events Involving

And;
Conditional
Probability
Section 11.7
Pg. 604-614

And Probabilities with Independent

Events
If A and B are independent events:

P(A and B) = P(A) P(B)

Example #1: Roulette Wheel

A roulette wheel has 38 numbers slots (0,00, 1-36); 18 are black, 18
are red, and 2 are green. What is the probability that the ball will
land on a red slot in two consecutive turns?

P(red slot and red slot) = P(A) P(B)

P(red slot and red slot) =

P(red slot and red slot) =
P(red

slot and red slot) =

Example #2: Roulette Wheel

A roulette wheel has 38 numbers slots (0,00, 1-36); 18 are black, 18
are red, and 2 are green. What is the probability that the ball will
land on a green slot in two consecutive turns?

P(green slot and green slot) = P(A) P(B)

P(green slot and green slot) =

P(green and green slot) =
P(green

slot and green slot) =

Example #3: Genetics

A family has 9 boys in a row. Give the probability of this occurrence.
P(9 boys in a row) = P(A) P(B) P(C) P(D) P(E) P(F) P(G) P(H) P(I)

P(9 boys in a row) =

P(boys in a row) =

Example #4: Genetics

Find the probability of having four girls in a row.

P(4 girls in a row) = P(A) P(B) P(C) P(D)

P(girls in a row) =

P(girls in a row) =

Example #5: Weather

has the probability of
Florida

of having a hurricane in one year. What is the

probability of Florida being hit by a hurricane in three consecutive years?

3 consecutive hurricanes) = P(A) P(B) P(C)

P(3 consecutive hurricanes) =

P(3 consecutive hurricanes) =

P(3consecutive hurricanes) =

Example #6: Weather

has the probability of
Florida

of having a hurricane in one year. What is the

probability of Florida not being hit by a hurricane for the next ten years?
P(not

being hit by a hurricane) =

P(not being hit by a hurricane for 10 years) =

P(not being hit by a hurricane for 10 years) = 0.47

Probability of an Event Happening At

Least Once
P (event happening once) = 1- P (event does
not happen)

Example #7: Tornadoes

Kansas has been hit by 45 tornadoes within the last 59 years.

Dorothy and Toto would like to know the probability of Kansas being
hit by at least one tornado Pin(event
the next
three years.
happening
once) = 1- P (event does no

P (event happening once) = 1- 0.014

P(no tornado in any given year) =

P (event happening once)

= 0.986

P(no tornado in 3 years) =

P(tornado in any given year) =

P(no tornado in 3 years) =0.014

And Probabilities with Dependent Events

P (A and B) = P (A) P (given that A has
occurred)

Example #8: Chocolates

Your bae gives you a heart-shaped box of Sees chocolates for Valentines
Day. Inside the box there are 20 chocolates, 5 of which are filled with
chocolate crme. If you select any 2 chocolates at random, what is the
probability that you will select 2 crme filled chocolates in a row?

P (A and B) = P (crme filled choc. ) P (crme filled choc. afte

was selected)
P(crme
filled) =
P(2 crme filled in a row) =
P(crme filled) =
P(2nd crme filled) =

P(2

crme filled in a row) =

Example #9: Trip to Japan

You won an all-expense paid trip to Japan for you and 2 friends. 10 of your
friends expressed interest in going and 3 of your friends took Japanese in
high school. You decide to draw names from a hat to choose who is going
with you. What is the probability that you will choose 2 friends that can
speak Japanese?
nd

P (A and B) = P (speaks Japanese ) P (2

P(speaks Japanese) =

who speaks Japanese

P(2 who speak Japanese in a row) =

P(2nd who speaks Japanese) =

P(2 who speak Japanese in a row) =

P(2 who speak Japanese in a row) =

Example #10: Texas Holdem

In Texas Holdem, you are dealt two cards. What is the probability that you will be
dealt 2 kings in a row?
(2nd king)
P (A and B) = P (king) P
P(2 kings in a row) =
P(king) =

P(2 kings in a row) =

P(2nd king) =

P(2 kings in a row) =0.0045 or

Example #11: Ski Club

The Kamehameha ski club is taking a ski trip to Squaw Valley in northern
California over Spring Break. The ski club consists of 5 freshmen, 2
sophomores, and 4 juniors. 3 students were randomly selected for an
upgrade to first class on the flight there. What is the probability that the
first two selected are freshmen and the third is a nd
junior?

P (A and B and C) = P (freshman) P (2

P(freshman) =
P(2nd freshman) =
P(junior) =

freshman) P (junior)

P(2 freshmen then junior) =

P(2 freshmen then junior ) =

P(2 freshmen then junior) =

Example #12: Cards

You are dealt 3 cards from a standard 52-card deck. What is the probability
that you will get 3 hearts aces in a row?

P (A and B and C) = P (ace) P (2nd ace) P (3rd ace)

P(freshman) =
P(2nd freshman) =
P(junior) =

P(3 aces in a row) =

P(3 aces in a row) =
P(3

aces in a row) =0.013 or

Conditional Probability
The probability of event B, assuming that A has already occurred, is
called the conditional probability of B, given A

P (B A)
**A MUST happen before B

Example #13: Alphabet

A letter is selected randomly from the English alphabet. Find the
probability of selecting a vowel, given that the outcome is a letter that
proceeds H.
P (vowelletter precedes
H)
S = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g}
P (27)
P

(vowelletter
precedes H)=

Example #14: Cards

You are dealt a card from a regular 52-card deck. What is the probability of
getting a heart, given that the card you received was a red card?
P (heartred card)
S(red card) = {13 hearts and 13
diamonds}
P (1326)
P

(heartred
card)=

Example #15: Smartphones

The chart illustrates smartphone usage per 100 males and females in the U.S. Using the chart, what
is the probability that the cell phone used is not an android or iPhone, given that the user is female?

P (otherfemale)
S(females) = {100 females}
P (20100)
P

(other
smartphonefemale)=

Other

iPhone

Android

Male

16

45

39

Female

20

55

25

Example #15: Smartphones

The chart illustrates smartphone usage per 100 males and females in the U.S. Using the chart, what
is the probability that the cell phone user is male, given that the cell phone used is an Android?

P (maleAndoid user)

Other

S(Android users) = {39 males + 25 Male

females}
P (3964)
P

(maleAndroid user)=

Female

iPhone

Android

16

45

39

20

55

25

Example #15: Smartphones

The chart illustrates smartphone usage per 100 males and females in the U.S. Using the chart,
what is the probability that the cell phone used is an Android, given that the user is male?

P (Androidmale)
S(male) = {100 males}
P (39100)
P

(other
Androidmale)=

Other

iPhone

Android

Male

16

45

39

Female

20

55

25

Example #15: Smartphones

The chart illustrates smartphone usage per 100 males and females in the U.S. Using the
chart, what is the probability that the cell phone user is female given that an iPhone is used?

P (femaleiPhone)
S(iPhone) = {100 iPhones}
P (55100)
P

(femaleiPhone)=

Other

iPhone

Android

Male

16

45

39

Female

20

55

25

Homework
Math XL: 11.7