S GIO DC V O TO

QUNG TR

HNG DN CHM THI CHNH THC

CHN I TUYN THI HSG VN HA THPT
Mn: HO HC- VNG I
Kho ngy: 18 thng 9 nm 2012

Cu 1. (4,0 im)
1. Mt nguyn t R c 3 ng v X, Y, Z bit tng s ht ca 3 ng v bng 129, s ntron
ng v X hn ng v Y mt ht. ng v Z c s proton bng s ntron.
a) Xc nh in tch ht nhn nguyn t v s khi ca 3 ng v X, Y, Z.
b) Bit t l s nguyn t cc ng v nh sau: Z:Y=2769:141 v Y:X=611:390.
Xc nh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca R.
2. Cho 3,25 gam hn hp X gm mt kim loi kim M v mt kim loi M ( ho tr II) ho tan
hon ton trong nc c 1,008 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch D. Chia D thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1 em c cn c 2,03 gam cht rn A.
- Phn 2 cho tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,35 M c kt ta B.
Xc nh M, M, khi lng mi kim loi ban u v tnh khi lng kt ta B.
Cu
Ni dung
im
Cu
4,0 im
1
1. Gi x l s Proton ca R, y l s ntron ca Y.
1,0

a)
Ta c: 2x+y+1+2x+y+3x=129
7x+2y=128 (1)

1 xy 1, 22

Mt khc:
(1)
13, 6 x 14, 2
T (1, 2):
x=14, y=15
Kt lun: in tch ht nhn nguyn t l 14 +, ntron ca 3 ng v X, Y,
Z ln lt l: 16, 15, 14 v s khi ln lt l: 30, 29, 28.
b)

Theo bi ra: t l s nguyn t cc ng v X, Y, Z tng ng l:

390
2769
30
923
611 :1: 141
47 :1: 47

1,0

hay
28.2769
390
2769
( 30.390
611 29 141 ) : ( 611 1 141 ) 28,107

R
Ta c: =
S mol H2 = 0,045 . t a, b l s mol M, M
aM + bM= 3,25 (1)
M + H2O MOH + 1/2H2 (2)
a
a
a/2
V HCl + D to kt ta nn M phi tan trong dung dch kim
M + 2MOH M2MO2 + H2 (3)
b
2b
b

D : b mol M2M O2 v (a - 2b) mol MOH

a + 2b = 0,045.2 = 0,09
(4)
[ (2M + M + 32).b + (M + 17)( a-2b)] = 2.2,03

aM + bM+ 17a 2b = 4,06 Thay (1) vo: 17a 2b = 0,81 (5)

Gii (4), (5) a = 0,05 b = 0,02

Ta c: 2M + 5M = 325 (6)
M < 65 => M = 39 (Kali) M= 65 (km)
Ta c: mK=1,95 gam, mZn= 1,3 gam
Trong 1/2 D c 0,01mol K2ZnO2 v 0,005 mol KOH.
Dung dch axit c s mol HCl = 0,035.
KOH + HCl KCl + H2O
(6)
0,005
0,005

1,0

1,0

Hng dn chm thi chn i tuyn HSG Quc gia THPT-Mn Ha hc-Trang 1/5

K2ZnO2 + 2HCl 2KCl + Zn(OH)2

(7)
0,01
0,02
0,01
2HCl + Zn(OH)2 ZnCl2 + 2H2O (8)
0,01
0,005

S mol d Zn(OH)2 = 0,01 0,005 = 0,005

Khi lng kt ta = 0,005.99= 0,495 gam
Cu 2. (4,0 im)
1. Ch dng thm mt thuc th, trnh by phng php ha hc nhn bit cc dung dch ring
bit sau: NaOH, NaCl, K2S, KI, Pb(NO3)2 v NH3
2. Cho 10 ml dung dch HA tc dng vi cc th tch khc nhau ca dung dch NaOH a mol/l,
nhn thy: Phn ng xy ra va khi thm 10 ml dung dch NaOH. Nhng nu thm 5 ml dung dch
NaOH th thu c dung dch c pH = 4,76
a) Tnh Ka ca axit ni trn?
b) Thm 15 ml dung dch NaOH vo 10 ml HA th c dung dch c pH = 12. Tnh a?
Cu
Ni dung
im
Cu
4,0 im
2
1 Chn thuc th l dd CuSO4
1,0
Cho dd CuSO4 ln lt vo cc mu th n d:
- To kt ta mu xanh lam l dd NaOH:

CuSO4 + NaOH
Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
- Xut hin kt ta mu xanh lam sau kt ta tan ngay lp tc to dung
dch xanh thm l dd NH3

CuSO4 + 2NH3 + 2H2O Cu(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4

Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3
[Cu(NH3)4](OH)2
- Xut hin kt ta en l dung dch K2S:

CuSO4 + K2S
CuS + K2SO4
- Xut hin kt ta trng l Pb(NO3)2:

CuSO4 + Pb(NO3)2 Cu(NO3)2 + PbSO4

- Xut hin kt ta ng thi dd chuyn sang mu vng l dung dch KI:

2CuSO4 + 4KI
Cu2I2 + I2 + 2K2SO4
- Khng hin tng: dung dch NaCl
2 V p va khi thm 10 ml dd NaOH nn S mol HA v NaOH
1,5
a) trong 10 ml u bng nhau v bng: 0,01a

trong 5ml NaOH c 0,005a mol NaOH.

Do ta c:
HA + NaOH NaA + H2O
Mol b: 0,01a 0,005a
0
Mol cn: 0,005a
0
0,005a

Dd sau p l dd m, v c HA v NaA vi V=10+5 =15 ml=0,015 lt.

0,005a
a
0, 015
3
Do nng ca: HA = NaA =
= . T ta c cn bng:

[H+] =K a. [HA]
K a =10-4,76
[A ]

b)

i vi dd m ta c:
Khi cho 15 ml dung dch NaOH vo 10 ml dung dch HA ta c:
HA + NaOH NaA + H2O

1,5

Hng dn chm thi chn i tuyn HSG Quc gia THPT-Mn Ha hc-Trang 2/5

Mol b: 0,01a
Mol cn: 0

0,015a
0,005a

0
0,01a
0, 005a a
0, 01a 2a

0, 025 5
0, 025 5

Dung dch sau p c NaOH =

mol v NaA =
mol. T ta c cn bng:

A + H2O
HA + OHCb: 2a/5
0
a/5
Ccb: 2a/5-x
x
a/5 + x
x(a / 5 x) x.a / 5

0,5x

2a / 5 x
2a / 5
Kb =
= 10-9,24
x = 10-8,84.

Mt khc: [OH-] = a/5 + x = 10-2 nn a/5 + 10-8,84 = 10-2
a 0,05 M.
Cu 3. (4,0 im)
1. Pht hin v sa li trong cc phng trnh sau (nu c):

a) 3FeCl2 + 2H2SO4 c
FeSO4 + 2FeCl3 + SO2 +2H2O c) HF + NaOH
NaF +H2O

b) 2CrCl3 +3Cl2 +14KOH

K2Cr2O7 + 12KCl + 7H2O
d) Cl2 +2KI d
2KCl + I2
2. Cho kim loi A tn ti c hai dng lp phng tm khi v lp phng tm din. Khi tn
ti dng lp phng tm khi th khi lng ring ca A l 15,0 g/cm 3. Hy tnh khi lng ring ca
A dng lp phng tm din. Cho rng bn knh ca A l nh nhau trong c hai loi tinh th.
Cu
Cu
3

Ni dung

Do FeSO4 c tnh kh, H2SO4 c c tnh oxi ha nn phng trnh c

vit li:

2FeCl2 + 4H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 4HCl + 2H2O

CrO 24
Trong mi trng kim mnh ch c dng
tn ti. Khng tn ti
2
Cr2 O 7
dng
nn phng trnh c vit li

2CrCl3 + 3Cl2 +16KOH

2K2CrO4 + 12KCl + 8H2O
Khng to ra NaF do HF l axit yu, HF c nng lng phn li ln, nn
c hin tng:
F- HF2
HF +
HF2
+ Na+
NaHF2
Phng trnh c vit li:

NaOH + 2HF
NaHF2 +H2O
Do c KI d nn I2 tan trong KI to KI3, vy phng trnh c vit li:

Cl2 + 3KI
2KCl + KI3

im
4,0 im

Mt c s ca mng lp phng tm khi: Cnh a1; khi lng ring d1

= 15,0 g/cm3.
Mi c s c cha: 8.1/8 (nh) + 1 (tm) = 2 nguyn t.

2,0

0,5

Hng dn chm thi chn i tuyn HSG Quc gia THPT-Mn Ha hc-Trang 3/5

Mt c s ca mng lp phng tm din: Cnh a2; khi lng ring d2

Mi c s c cha: 8.1/8 (nh) + 6.1/2 (mt) = 4 nguyn t.
0,5
Ta

c:

Nn:

=
0,5

Nguyn t kim loi A c bn knh nguyn t r, ta c: 4r = a 1

Nn: a2/a1 =

3
2

= a2

= 1,225
0,5

d1
d2

Ta c:

= 12 (1,225) =0,919

d2 = 15/0,919

16,32 (g/cm3)

Hng dn chm thi chn i tuyn HSG Quc gia THPT-Mn Ha hc-Trang 4/5

Cu 4. (4,0 im)
1. Mt dung dch cha 0,2 mol Fe 2+ v 0,2 mol Fe3+, dung dch c iu chnh n pH = 1.
Xc nh th ca dung dch. Thm vo dung dch ion OH- n khi pH = 5 (coi th tch l khng i).
Th ca dung dch o c 0,152V.
TFe(OH)3

Cht no kt ta v khi lng kt ta bng bao nhiu? Tnh

. Bit E0 (Fe3+/Fe2+)= 0,77V.
2. Thc t khong pirit c th coi l hn hp ca FeS 2 v FeS. Khi x l 1 mu khong pirit
bng Brom trong dung dch KOH d, ngi ta thu c kt ta nu A v dung dch B. Nung A n
khi lng khng i c 0,2 gam cht rn. Thm lng d dung dch BaCl 2 vo dung dch B th thu
c 1,1087 gam kt ta trng khng tan trong axit.
Vit phng trnh ho hc cc phn ng dng ion v xc nh cng thc tng qut ca pirit.
Cu
Ni dung
im
Cu
4,0 im
4

1
0,5
Ta c qu trnh xy ra:
Fe3+ + 1e
Fe2+.
Ban u nng Fe3+ = nng Fe2+ th:
Fe3
o
E Fe3
E Fe3
Fe 2
2
Fe
Fe2
=
+ 0,059 lg
= 0,77V
Khi pH = 5 th ca dung dch gim xung cn 0,152V. Chng t c Fe 3+
kt ta di dng Fe(OH)3.
Fe3+ + 3OH-

Fe(OH)3
Fe3
0, 2

0,152 = 0,77 + 0,059 lg

[Fe3+] = 10-11M << [ Fe3+] ban u.
C th coi Fe3+ kt ta hon ton.
Khi lng kt ta:

0,5

mFe(OH)3

= 0,2 . 107 = 21,4 gam

1014 3
( 5 )
TFe(OH)3
10
3+
- 3
-11
= [Fe ][OH ] = 10 .
= 10-11.10-27 = 10-38

0,5

Cc phn ng xy ra:
2FeS2 + 15Br2 + 38OH-

0,5

1,0
Fe(OH)3 + 4SO42- + 30Br- + 16H2O

9Br2 + 22OH2 Fe(OH)3 + 2SO42- + 18Br- + 8H2O

2Fe(OH)3
Fe2O3 + 3H2O

2+
+ SO42BaSO4
Ba
nS = nBaSO4 = 1,1087/233 = 4,75. 10-3 mol
m Fe2O3
= 2. 0,2/160 = 2,5 .10-3mol
Fe = 2
n
nFe
1
2,5.103
3
nS
1,9
4, 75.10
=
=
.
Cng thc pirit l FeS1,9

2FeS +

0,5

0,5

Hng dn chm thi chn i tuyn HSG Quc gia THPT-Mn Ha hc-Trang 5/5

Cu 5. (4,0 im)
Hn hp X gm mt kim loi R v mui cacbonat ca n (c t l mol tng ng l 2:1). Ho
tan hon ton 68,4 gam hn hp X trong dung dch HNO 3 thy thot ra hn hp kh Y gm NO v
CO2. Cho hn hp kh Y qua dung dch KMnO 4 1M, trong dung dch H2SO4 long d, n mt mu th
ht 420 ml dung dch KMnO4, kh cn li cho qua dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d thy xut hin kt ta ng
thi khi lng dung dch gim i 16,8 gam.
1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra di dng ion thu gn.
2. Xc nh cng thc mui cacbonat ca R v tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng mi
cht trong hn hp X.
Cu
Ni dung
im
Cu
4,0 im
5
1 Cc phn ng xy ra:
1,0
TH1: R l kim loi c ho tr bin di:
3Rx(CO3)y + (4nx - 2y)H+ + (nx - 2y) NO3- 3x Rn+ + 3y CO2
(a mol)
+ (nx - 2y)NO +
(2nx - y)H2O (1)
3R + 4n H+ + nNO3- 3Rn+ + nNO + 2nH2O
(2)
(2a mol)
10NO + 6MnO4- + 8H+ 10NO3- + 6Mn2+ + 4H2O (3)
CO2 + Ca2+ + 2OH CaCO3 + H2O
t(mol)
t (mol)
2

(4)
0,5

Theo gt: nR: nmui = 2 : 1 nR = 2a, nRx(CO3)y: a mol

nKMnO4 = 0,42.1 = 0,42 mol T (3) nNO = 0,7 mol.
mddgim = mCaCO3 - mCO2 100t - 44t = 56t = 16,8 (g)
nCO2 = t =

16 ,8
56

= 0,3mol

T (1) nCO2 = ay ay = 0,3

(I)

0,5

T (1) (2) nNO = 2an/3 + a(nx-2y)/3= 0,7 (II)

mhhX = a(xMR + 60y) + 2aMR = 68,4
(III)
50,4n
2,7
T (I) (II) (III) ta c: MR =
. Suy ra: n=3; MR = 56 R l Fe
Th n = 3 vo (I) a=0,3/y thay vo (II) ta c: 0,6/y + 0,3x/y = 0,9
x + 2 = 3y
Nghim ph hp l: x=1; y=1 mui l FeCO3

0,5

Hng dn chm thi chn i tuyn HSG Quc gia THPT-Mn Ha hc-Trang 6/5

Tnh % mFe v % mFeCO3 trong X: y = 1 a = 0,3

%mFe = (0,6 . 56.100)/68,4 = 49,12% %mFeCO3 = 50,88%

0,5

Trng hp 2: R l kim loi c ho tr khng bin i.

1,0

2y

R
Rx(CO3)y + 2yH+ x
+ yCO2 + yH2O (1)
8y
2y
2y

x
x +
Rx
3R +
H +
NO3 3
+
NO +

H2O (2)

(1) nCO2 = ay = 0,3 a = 0,3/y

(2) nNO= 4ay/3x=0,7 x (khng nguyn) loi
Nu gii theo cch khc nhng kt qu ng th vn tnh im ti a
1
2

ng Phng trnh phn ng, nhng thiu iu kin, cn bng th tr s im

. HT .

Hng dn chm thi chn i tuyn HSG Quc gia THPT-Mn Ha hc-Trang 7/5