MT S BI TP KH V HNO3

Cu 1
Ho tan 2,16g mt kim loi R cn va 285,71ml dung dch HNO 3 6,3% (D=1,05
g/ml) thu c dung dch A v 739,2ml mt cht kh B 27,3 0C, 1atm.
a. Xc nh CTPT v CTCT ca B.
b. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi t nng hn hp gm: B, H 2, NH3.
c. Dung dch A c nhng ion no? Xc nh khong pH ca dung dch A v gii thch.
Cho dung dch A tc dng vi dd Na2CO3. Nu hin tng v vit phng trnh phn
ng. Gii thch.
Cu 2
Cho 1,92g Mg ho tan va trong 400ml dung dch HNO3 0,5M ngi ta thu c
dung dch A v 0,224 lt N2O (KC). Tnh tng khi lng mui sinh ra trong dung dch
A
1. Cho 1,53g oxit kim loi A c ho tr khng i tan trong dung dch HNO3 d. Kt
thc phn ng thu c 2,61g mui. Xc nh CTPT ca A.
Bi 3
Ho tan hon ton hn hp FeS v FeCO3 bng dung dch HNO3 c, nng thu c hn
hp (B) gm 2 kh X v Y c t khi i vi H2 l 22,8.
1.Tnh t l s mol cc mui Fe2+ trong hn hp ban u.
2.Lm lnh hn hp kh (B) xung nhit thp hn c hn hp (B) gm 3 kh
X,Y,Z c t khi so vi H2 bng 28,5. Tnh phn trm theo th tch ca hn hp kh (B).
3. -11oC hn hp (B) chuyn sang (B) gm 2 kh. Tnh t khi ca (B) so vi H2.
Bi 4:
ho tan hon ton 11,4 gam hn hp E gm Mg v kim loi M c ho tr khng i
cn mt lng dung dch HNO 3 long va thu c 0,896 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh
gm N2 v N2O c t khi so vi H2 l 16 v dung dch F. Chia dung dch F lm hai phn
bng nhau. em c cn phn 1 thu c 23,24 gam mui khan. Phn 2 cho tc dng vi
dung dch NaOH d thu c 4,35 gam kt ta trng.
Xc nh kim loi M v khi lng tng kim loi trong hn hp E.
HDG
t s mol hai kh N2 v N2O l x, y x + y = 0,896/22,4 = 0,04
Mt khc (28x + 44y)/ (x + y) = 16.2 = 32
Gii ra x = 0,03; y = 0,01
t s mol Mg v M l a,b 24a + Mb = 11,4 (I)
Mg - 2e = Mg2+
2NO3- + 12H+ +10e N2 + 6H2O
a 2a
a
0,3
0,03
n+
+
M- ne = M
2NO3 + 10H + 8e N2O + 5H2O
b nb b
0,08
0,01
+
C th c NO 3 + 10H + 8e NH4+ + 3H2O
8c
c
Theo nh lut bo ton electron
2a + nb = 0,3 + 0,08 + 8c (II)
Phn 1
Mg Mg(NO3)2
a/2
a/2
M M(NO3)n

b/2
b/2
v NH4NO3 c c/2 mol
T
148a/2 + (M+62n)b/2 + 80c/2 = 23,24
hay 148a + (M+62n)b + 80c = 46,48 ( III)
Phn 2
NH4+ + OH- NH3 + H2O
Mg(NO3)2 Mg(OH)2
a/2
a/2
M(NO3)n M(OH)n
b/2
b/2
T 58a/2+ (M +17n)b/2 = 4,35
hay 58a + ( M + 17n)b = 8,7 ( IV)
T (I) v (IV) khng c phng trnh (IV)
Do phi c thm qu trnh ho tan hon ton M(OH) n bi OH- d to ra MO2(4-n)( tan) .Vy kt ta trng ch c th do Mg(OH) 2 to nn vi
58a/2 = 4,35 hay 58a = 8,7 (IV')
Gii cc phng trnh (I),(II), (III), (IV')Tm ra a = 0,15Tm ra c = 0,02
Tm ra M = 32,5n Nghim hp l l n = 2 M = 65 Kim loi M l Zn
Khi lng tng kim loi trong E
m Mg = 24.0,15 = 3,6 gam mZn = 11,4 - 3,6 = 7,8
gam
Cu 6:
Ho tan hn hp gm 0,002 mol FeS 2 v 0,003 mol FeS bng mt lng d H 2SO4
c, nng. Hp thu SO 2 thot ra bng dung dch KMnO 4 va ta thu c dung
dch Y khng mu c pH = 2.
Vit cc phng trnh phn
ng v tnh th tch ca dung dch Y.
Cu 7: Cho 46,4g oxit kim loi (c ho tr thay i) vo l cha H 2SO4 m c, nng
(d). Sau khi phn ng hon ton thu c mt cht kh l SO 2 v mt mui B c khi
lng 120g. Ho tan B ri cho t t dung dch NaOH d vo thu c kt ta C. Nung
nng C n khi lng khng i th thu c 48g cht rn. Xc nh cng thc ca oxit
kim loi ban u.
Cu 8 Cho 1,92g Mg ho tan va trong 400ml dung dch HNO 3 0,5M ngi ta thu
c dung dch A v 0,224 lt N2O (KC). Tnh tng khi lng mui sinh ra trong
dung dch A.
Cu 9: Cho 4,32g nhm tc dng va vi 400g dung dch HNO3 thu c 0,672 l t
kh X (KC) v mt dung dch Y. Cho dung dch Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d,
thu c 0,672 l t kh Z (KC).
a. Xc nh CTPT ca X v vit CTCT ca X. Nu ng dng ca X trong y t .
b. Tnh C% dung dch HNO3 ban u.
Cu 10: Ho tan 0,6472 gam mt kim loi vo dung dch axt HNO 3 to ra 1,0192
gam mui khan. Thm dung dch NaHCO3 vo dung dch sau phn ng thy xut hin
0,8274 gam kt ta. Sau khi lm kh, nung kt ta th thu c 100,8 ml kh. Th lch
kh ny gim xung cn 33,6 ml khi cho qua dung dch NaOH . Kh cn li duy tr tt s
chy. (cc th tch kh u o ktc)
Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v kim chng li bng tnh ton.