1

B GIO DC V O TO
I HC NNG

TRNH VN THNH

NGHIN CU, TNH TON CC GII PHP

TIT KIM IN NNG CHO NH MY NC
BIN H GIA LAI

Chuyn ngnh : Mng v h thng in

M s :

60.52.50

TM TT LUN VN THC S K THUT

Nng - Nm 2011

Cng trnh c hon thnh ti

I HC NNG

Ngi hng dn khoa hc: TS. ON ANH TUN

Phn bin 1: PGS.TS. inh Thnh Vit

Phn bin 2: PGS.TS. Nguyn Hng Anh

Lun vn c bo v trc Hi ng chm Lun vn

tt nghip thc s k thut hp ti i hc Nng
vo ngy 15 thng 12 nm 2011

C th tm hiu lun vn ti:

- Trung tm Thng tin - Hc liu, i hc Nng
- Trung tm Hc liu, i hc Nng.

3
M U
1. L do chn ti
Trong giai on hin nay, nng lng ni chung v nng
lng in ni ring ng mt vai tr rt quan trng v c nh hng
n mi lnh vc i sng kinh t x hi. Nc ta l mt nc ang
pht trin nhu cu v s dng nng lng rt ln nhng li b hn ch
v mt nng lng, c bit l nng lng in. ng trc tnh hnh
ti nguyn nng lng ngy cng khan him, vic s dng nng
lng tit kim v hiu qu l u tin quan trng trong chnh sch
nng lng quc gia.
s dng nng lng tit kim v hiu qu, trc tin cn
phi c cc hot ng qun l nng lng mt cch cht ch ca cc
doanh nghip, cc c s tiu th nng lng tm ra cc gii php
tit kim nng lng. Lut s dng tit kim v hiu qu c
Quc hi thng qua theo Ngh quyt s 51/2001/QH10[10] quy
nh v chnh sch, bin php thc y s dng nng lng tit kim
v hiu qu, v th vic tin hnh nghin cu xut cc gii php
tit kim nng lng ni chung v nng lng in ni ring l rt
cn thit. Mt trong nhng gii php tit kim nng lng ni
chung v nng lng in ni ring m nhiu nc trn th gii v
Vit Nam p dng l chng trnh qun l nhu cu DSM
(Demand Side Managent). Tim nng ca DSM vi cc thnh phn
ph ti l rt a dng v phong ph, vi ph ti cng nghip ng c
khng ng b (KB) l i tng tc ng mnh m v c hiu qu
rt ln i vi DSM. ng c KB c cu to n gin, vn hnh
chc chn, di cng sut rng, nn c s dng rng ri trong thc
t. Theo c tnh trn 50% in nng sn xut trn th gii do ng
c KB tiu th, trong sut vng i ca ng c KB tin in

4
chim khong 96% trong khi chi ph mua ng c v bo dng
ch chim 4%. cc nh my, x nghip cng nghip, doanh nghip,
ph ti ch yu l ng c KB, tuy nhin vic s dng cn lng ph
hiu qu cha cao do vic s dng hiu qu i vi ng c KB
s gp phn tit kim in cho nh my, x nghip, doanh nghip ni
ring v quyt nh n vic s dng nng lng ni chung.
Nh my nc Bin H Gia Lai l nh my cung cp nc
sch phc v cho dn c thuc thnh ph Pleiku Gia Lai. Ph ti in
ca nh my ch yu l cc ng c KB ba pha dng bm nc.
Thnh ph Pleiku nm trn cao trung bnh 300 n 500 mt, ng
ba quc l 14 v quc l 19 c cao l 795 m v vy a hnh thnh
ph Pleiku c cao rt khc nhau. Theo tnh ton thit k ca h
thng cp nc cho thnh ph Pleiku th ng ng cung cp nc
cho vng cao c p sut l 5,0Pa cn cc ng ng cp nc cho
cc khu vc th khc ch yu cu p sut nc trong ng t 3,6 Pa.
Cn c vo yu cu c th ca mng cp nc cho khu vc thnh ph
Pleiku, nh my nc chia ch cp nc cho khu vc 5,0Pa l 3
gi v 9 gi cp nc cho cc khu th khc ca thnh ph. Do h
thng ng c bm nc ca nh my khng c ch iu khin
nn cc ng c lun chy ch nh mc dn ti p sut trong
ng ng cp nc ch dao ng t 4.7 5.0Pa nh vy ng c
in tiu th mt lng in nng khng cn thit. Do nhu cu v
p lc nc ca cc khu th khc nhau nn dn n cng sut ca
ng c cng cn thay i theo yu cu ph ti v vy c hi tit
kim in nng l rt cao.
Nhn thc c tm quan trng ca vic tit kim nng
lng ni chung, in nng ni ring, v s nh hng ca ng c
KB trong vic s dng nng lng tit kim v hiu qu, l l

5
do m tc gi nghin cu, tnh ton cc gii php tit kim in nng
cho nh my nc Bin H Gia Lai nhm gp phn tit kim in
nng cho nh my.
2. Mc tiu v nhim v nghin cu
2.1. Mc tiu
Kho st nghin cu a ra cc gii php s dng nng lng tit
kim v hiu qu nhm nng cao hiu sut s dng nng lng, ci
thin mi trng, qua gp phn m bo an ninh nng lng ca
t nc.
2.2. Nhim v nghin cu
- Cc chin lc ch yu ca chng trnh qun l nhu cu.
- Phn tch cc gii php s dng nng lng hiu qu.
- Tnh ton kinh t, nh gi hiu qu khi dng cc gii php
tit kim nng lng.
- Tnh ton p dng cho nh my
3. i tng v phm vi nghin cu
- i tng nghin cu: Cc ph ti tiu th in trong nh
my nc Bin H Gia Lai.
- Phm vi nghin cu: Nghin cu cc chin lc ca
chng trnh qun l nhu cu t thy c li ch m chng
trnh mang li, nghin cu hiu qu ca cc gii php s dng nng
lng hiu qu i vi cc thit b tiu th in nhm gim tn tht
in nng cho nh my nc Bin H Gia Lai.
4. Phng php nghin cu
- Phng php nghin cu l thuyt: Nghin cu cc ti liu
sch, bo, chuyn , gio trnh, bi ging.
- Phng php thc nghim: p dng cc l thuyt
nghin cu tnh ton cho nh my nc Bin H Gia Lai.

6
5. ngha khoa hc v thc tin ca ti
- Nghin cu cc gii php s dng nng lng hiu qu i
vi ph ti in qua tit kim c in nng, gim chi ph sn
xut ca nh my, gp phn ci thin mi trng, t c th nhn
rng vic p dng gii php cho cc c s sn xut khc.
6. Tn lun vn
Cn c theo i tng v phm vi nghin cu, mc tiu v
nhim v nghin cu, lun vn c t tn nghin cu, tnh ton
cc gii php tit kim in nng cho nh my nc Bin H Gia
Lai
7. Cu trc ca lun vn
Lun vn ngoi phn m u v kt lun, gm c ba chng
sau
- Chng 1: Tng quan v DSM
- Chng 2: Cc gii php v hiu qu tit kim trong sn
xut Vit Nam
- Chng 3: Tnh ton tit kim nng lng ti nh my
nc Bin H Gia Lai

7
CHNG 1
TNG QUAN V DSM
1.1. Khi nim v DSM
DSM l mt hp tc gii php k thut Cng ngh - Kinh
t - X hi nhm s dng in nng mt cch hiu qu v tit kim.
DSM nm trong chng trnh tng th qun l ngun cung cp (SSM
Supply Side Management) v qun l nhu cu s dng in nng
(DSM-Demand Side Management).
1.2. Chin lc ca DSM
Chin lc ny bao gm cc gii php ch yu sau: iu
khin trc tip dng in, tch tr nng lng, s dng cc ngun
nng lng mi, i mi gi [3],[4],[10].
1.2.1. iu khin nhu cu in nng ph hp vi kh nng cung
cp in mt cch kinh t nht
1.2.1.1. iu khin trc tip dng in
a) Ct gim nh
b) Lp thp im
c) Chuyn dch ph ti
d) Bin php bo tn
e) Tng trng dng in
f) Biu ph ti linh hot
1.2.1.2. Tch tr nng lng
1.2.1.3. S dng ngun nng lng ti to, nng lng mi
1.2.1.4. Gi bn in thay i
1.2.2. Nng cao hiu sut s dng nng lng ca h dng in
1.2.2.1. S dng cc thit b c hiu sut cao
1.2.2.2. Gim thiu s tiu ph nng lng mt cch v ch

8
Cc bin php c th tit kim in nng thuc gii php ny
chia ra lm ba khu vc (hnh 1.12)
TIT KIM NNG LNG

Khu vc nh

Khu vc CC

Khu vc CN

Hnh 1.12. Cc khu vc tit kim nng

a) Khu vc nh :
b) Khu vc cng cng (CC):
c) Khu vc cng nghip (CN):
1.3. Kt lun
Trong chng 1 tc gi trnh by nhng khi nim c bn
v DSM v hai chin lc ch yu ca DSM, l: iu khin nhu
cu dng in cho ph hp vi kh nng cung cp mt cch kinh t
nht v nng cao hiu sut s dng nng lng ca cc h dng in
gim in nng tiu th. Trong vic nng cao hiu sut s dng
nng lng gim in nng tiu th, vi khu vc cng nghip m
c bit l vi ng c khng ng b.
Trong chng 2 tc gi s nghin cu chi tit vo cc h
thng tiu th nng lng nh h thng chiu sng, h thng ng c

9
CHNG 2
CC GII PHP V HIU QU TIT KIM NNG LNG
TRONG SN XUT TI VIT NAM
2.1. M u
Trong chng 1 tc gi phn tch cc gii php s dng
nng lng hiu qu, trong chng ny tc gi cp n hai gii
php chnh l: Gii php tit kim in cho h thng chiu sng v
gii php tit kim in nng cho ng c in bng phng php
iu chnh h s cng sut (HSCS) kt hp vi iu chnh tc
ng c bng bin tn (BT).
2.2. H thng chiu sng
2.2.1. Khi nim v mt s nh ngha
2.2.1.1. nh sng
2.2.1.2. Mu sc
2.2.1.3. ri E
2.2.1.4. Quang thng ()
2.2.1.5. Hiu qu nh sng
2.2.2. Thit k chiu sng
Thit k chiu sng phi p ng yu cu v ri v hiu
qu ca chiu sng i vi th gic. Ngoi ra, chng ta cn phi quan
tm n mu sc nh sng, la chn cc chao chp n, s b tr nh
sng va m bo tnh kinh t, k thut m cn phi m bo m
quan.
2.2.2.1. Phng php tnh ton chiu sng
2.2.2.2. B tr n
2.2.3. Gii php s dng nng lng hiu qu
2.2.3.1. S dng ngun sng hp l
2.2.3.2. La chn chng loi thit b chiu sng ph hp

10
2.2.3.3. iu khin v vn hnh h thng chiu sng hp l
2.2.3.4. p dng mt s cng ngh mi
2.3. H thng ng c
2.3.1. Gii php iu chnh h s cng sut
2.3.1.1. ngha ca vic nng cao h s cng sut cos
* Gim c cng sut tn tht trong mng in
* Gim c tn tht in p trong mng in
* Tng kh nng truyn ti ca ng dy v my bin p
2.3.1.2. Cc bin php nng cao h s cng sut cos c chia lm
hai nhm chnh
a) Nng cao h s cng sut cos t nhin
b) Nng cao h s cng sut cos bng phng php b
2.3.2. B cng sut phn khng
Khi nim ng lng kinh t (kkt) [8], ca CSPK:
ng lng kinh t ca cng sut phn khng l lng
cng sut tc dng (kW) tit kim c khi b (kVAr) cng sut phn
khng.
Nh vy nu bit kkt v lng cng sut b Qb, chng ta tnh
c cng sut tc dng tit kim c do b l:

Ptk = k kt .Qbu (kW)

(2.10)

Nu Q v R cng ln th kkt cng ln, ngha l nu ph ti

phn khng cng ln v cng xa ngun th vic b cng c hiu qu
kinh t.Gi tr ca kkt thng nm trong khong 0,02 0,12
(kW/kVAr).
2.3.3. Xc nh dung lng b
Dung lng b c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
Q b = P(tg1 - tg 2 )

= 0,91: h s xt ti kh nng nng cao cos.

(2.17)

11
Xt n thnh phn tn tht cng sut tc dng bn trong

thit b b, th: Ptk = k kt Q b - k b Q b = Q b ( k kt - k b ) (2.18)

2.3.4. Cc thit b b
2.3.4.1. T in
2.3.4.2. My b ng b

ng vi cc thit b b khc nhau th tng ng c mt tn

tht cng sut tc dng khc nhau c trnh by bng (2.1).[8]
Bng 2.1. Sut tn tht cng sut tc dng ca cc loi thit b b
TT Loi thit b b

Kb( kW/kVAr)

T in

0,003 0,005

My b ng b S=5000 30000kVAr

0,002 0,027

My b ng b S<5000kVA

0,03 0,05

ng c dy qun c ng b ha

0,02 0,08

My pht ng b dng lm my b

0,10 0,15

2.3.5. V tr t thit b b
- T in in p thp (0,4kV) c t theo ba cch:
+ t tp trung thanh ci pha in p thp ca trm bin
p phn xng.
+ t thnh nhm t phn phi ng lc hoc ng dy
chnh trong phn xng.
+ t phn tn tng thit b dng in
2.4. Gii php dng Bin tn (BT)
2.4.1. Nguyn l iu chnh tc khi thay i tn s
Cc phng php iu chnh ch yu c th thc hin:
+ Trn stator: Thay i in p U a vo dy qun stator,
thay i s i cc t P ca dy qun stator v thay i tn s f
ngun in.

12
+ Trn rotor: Thay i in tr rotor, ni cp hoc a sc
in ng ph vo rotor.
Ta nghin cu iu chnh tc bng cch thay i tn s, t
biu thc:
n = n1 (1-s) =

60f1
p

(1-s)

(2.21)

Phng php iu chnh tc bng thay i tn s l mt

phng php iu chnh trn trt.
Trong thc t ng dng, khi ph ti yu cu m men khng
U 2 U1
i th phi c:
=
= const
(2.23)
f2
f1
Yu cu iu chnh tc ng c m bo cng sut c
khng i (Pc=const), ngha l m men t l nghch vi tn s th ta
U2

c:

U1

f2

(2.24)

f1

Nu yu cu m men t l vi bnh phng ca tc , ngha

f
l M t l vi f th ta c:
= 2
U1 f1
2

U2

(2.25)

Tm li: khi thay i tn s iu chnh tc ta phi ng

thi iu chnh in p a vo ng c in.
2.4.2. Cc b bin tn dng iu chnh tc ng c
2.4.2.1. B bin tn trc tip dng Thyristor
B bin tn trc tip dng Thyristor bin i trc tip ngun
xoay chiu ba pha U1, f1 bng hng s thnh ngun xoay chiu ba pha
c U2, f2 bin i.
2.4.2.2. B bin tn dng Thyristor c khu trung gian mt chiu
B bin tn c khu trung gian mt chiu l b bin i hai
tng [6], nhm chnh lu c chc nng bin i in xoay chiu

13
thnh mt chiu, sau khi qua b lc, in p mt chiu c nghch
lu thnh in p xoay chiu c tn s bin i.
2.4.3. S thay i cng sut khi thay i lu lng (tc )
Vi ng c tng thch (qut, bm ly tm, cng sut trn
trc ng c, lu lng dng chy Q, p sut cht lng H c quan h
theo phng trnh
P = K.H.

(2.27)

Trong : K l hng s, P l cng sut ca ng c, H l p

sut, Q l lu lng v l hiu sut. Quan h gia Q,H,P vi tc
N ca ng c nh sau:
Q1/Q2=N1/N2

(2.28)

H1/H2=(N1/N2)
P1/P2=(N1/N2)

(2.29)
(2.30)

Trong cc cng thc (2.28), (2.29), (2.30): N1 l tc ca

ng c ng vi lu lng Q1, p sut H1 v cng sut P1. N2 l tc
ca ng c ng vi lu lng Q2, p sut H2 v cng sut P2
S thay i cng sut khi thay i lu lng (hnh 2.6), trong
hnh 2.6:
- C1 l ng cong th hin mi quan h gia p sut H v
lu lng Q khi tc ca cnh qut lp trn trc ca ng c l
khng i.
- C2 l ng cong th hin c tnh cn ca ng ng khi
van m hon ton.
C3 l ng cong th hin c tnh cn ca ng ng khi c
s iu chnh van ( ng bt van li).
C4 l ng cong th hin mi quan h gia p sut H v lu
lng Q khi s dng b bin tn iu chnh tc ng c.

14

Hnh 2.6. Gin thay i cng sut khi thay i lu lng (tc )

2.5. Kt lun
Trong gii php s dng nng lng v hiu qu i vi h
thng chiu sng ta cn quan tm n cht lng nh sng c th cho
tng khu vc t la chn chng loi thit b cho ph hp v iu
khin vn hnh h thng chiu sng hiu qu v kinh t nht. Vi
ng c khng ng b, hai gii php iu chnh h s cng sut
(HSCS) bng cch lp t b v iu chnh tc ng c bng bin
tn l c hiu qu nht. Gii php b c nhng ngha quan trng,
t xc nh c dung lng b nh th no cho ph hp v v tr
t thit b b. T nguyn l iu chnh tc ng c khng ng
b bng cch thay i tn s, ta nghin cu nguyn l lm vic
ca b bin tn v ng dng gii php iu chnh tc ng c
bng bin tn mang li hiu qu tit kim nng lng ca nhng
ng c tng thch. Vic ng dng c th cc gii php ny cho nh
my nc Bin H Gia Lai tc gi s trnh by trong chng tip
theo.

15
CHNG 3
TNH TON TIT KIM NNG LNG TI NH MY
NC BIN H GIA LAI
3.1. M u
3.2. Tng quan v nh my
3.2.1. Quy trnh sn xut
Bng 3.4. Bng tng hp tnh hnh sn xut ti nh my nm 2010

3.2.2. Danh mc cc thit b

3.2.3. S phn b in trong nh my
3.3. Cc h thng v thit b tiu th nng lng in
3.3.1. H thng chiu sng
3.3.2. H thng ng c
3.3.2.1. ng c bm nc trm bm cp I
Gm 3 ng c cng sut 132 kW
3.3.2.2. ng c trm s l nc
Gm c 2 ng c 35 kW v 2 ng c 132kW

16
3.3.2.3. ng c bm nc trm bm cp II
Gm 2 ng c c cng sut 132 kW
3.4. Tnh ton kinh t v nh gi hiu qu khi dng gii php
thay th bng n cho h thng chiu sng
3.4.1. Hin trng
Hin nay nh my ang s dng 34 bng n hunh quang
cng sut 40W, 33 bng n cao p cng sut 125W chiu sng cho
khun vin nh my. Cc loi n ny thuc loi tiu tn in nng
ln. V vy tnh ton, xut gii php tit kim in cho h thng
chiu sng.
3.4.2. Bin php xut
Thay cc bng n hunh quang 40W thnh T8(36W) cng
quang thng s tit kim c 4W cho mi bng n
Thay cc bng n cao p 125W thnh bng n ng tit kim
IMPAC- 85 W
3.4.3. Phn tch chi ph li ch h thng chiu sng
3.4.3.1. Thay n hunh quang 40W bng n T8 (36W)
3.4.3.2. Thay n cao p 125 bng n IMPAC 85W
* Nhn xt: Vi h thng chiu sng khi ta thay bng n
hunh quang 40W bng n T8(36W) v n cao p 125W bng n
IMPAC 85W vi tng u t chi ph ban u l 4.170.106 VN,
in nng tiu th hng nm gim 7.212kWh, tin tit kim c
hng nm l 9.543.403VN. Lng kh CO2 thi ra mi trng 4,5
tn. Nh vy vic thay bng n cho h thng chiu sng s mang li
hiu qu kinh t gp phn tit kim nng lng in cho nh my.
3.5. Tnh ton kinh t v nh gi hiu qu khi dng gii php b
3.5.1. Tnh ton kinh t khi dng gii php b (b phn tn)
3.5.1.1. Cc cng thc tnh ton

17
3.5.1.2. Tnh ton c th cho cc ng c
*Nhn xt: Khi la chn mt s ng c c cng sut ln,
thi gian lm vic trong nm tng i ln, p dng gii php iu
chnh tc ng c khng hiu qu p dng gii php b
nng cao HSCS th hiu qu v kinh t v mi trng c ci thin.
Tng dung lng ca cc b t b c dung lng 230 kVAr, s tin
u t 34,5 triu VN, in nng tiu th tit kim c 56.414 kWh
(khong 1,9%), s tin tit kim hng nm l 74.658.287,6VN,
lng kh thi CO2 thi ra mi trng gim 35,28 tn, thi gian thu
hi vn u t mua v lp t cc b t trong 5 thng.
3.5.2. nh gi hiu qu khi dng gii php b
Hiu qu khi dng gii php b em li l: H s cng
sut c nng ln; gim c tn tht cng sut, tn tht in p;
tng c kh nng ti ca dy dn v my bin p v gim c
in nng tiu th, gp phn bo v mi trng.
3.6. Tnh ton kinh t v nh gi hiu qu khi dng gii php
Bin tn
3.6.1. Cc cng thc tnh ton
3.6.1.1. Trng hp dng bin tn vi ng c non ti v c ti lun
thay i
3.6.1.2. Trng hp dng b bin tn iu chnh lu lng
3.6.1.3. Trng hp dng tit lu (van) iu chnh lu lng
Trong trng hp khng dng van v sau dng van
iu chnh, cc cng thc tnh ton nh sau:
n

PTL = P1. k tli

(3.21)

A TL =P1. (Ptli .t i )

(3.22)

i=1
n

i=1

18
(3.23)

A=A-A TL

3.6.1.4. Trng hp dng tit lu sau thay th bng bin tn

n

PTL = P1. k tli ;

i=1

A TL =P1. (Ptli .t i ) ;

A BT = P1 . (k bti .t i )

i=1

kbti l h s gim thp cng sut khi dng b bin tn

n

Hoc

A BT =P1 . (
i=1

i=1

Ni
N1

) .t i

(3.24)

A = A BT -A TL

3.6.2. Tnh ton c th cho cc ng c ti trm cp II

Qua kho st tnh hnh vn hnh ti nh my ng c quy v
lm vic cc tc khi p sut l 3,6 Pa
T cc biu thc
Q1
Q2

Ta c:

N1
N2

Q1 = Q 2 .

N P
N
= 1 ; 1 = 1
H2 N2
P2 N 2
H1

H1
H2

Vi Q2 =1.000m3 : hai bm vn hnh mi bm c Qm = 500m3

H2 = 4,7 Pa: p lc t c khi bm ng thi 2 my
H1 = 3,6 Pa: p lc cn thit cung cp nc
Q1 =1.000.

3, 6
4, 7

= 875 m3 h

Lu lng ca mt bm l
Q
875
Q dm = 2 =
= 437,5m 3 h
2
2
Vy tc cn thit cho ng c l

19
N1 = N 2 .

Q1
Q dm

=1.480x

437,5
500

=1.295 vng/pht

Bng 3.22. Tng hp tnh ton lp t b bin tn cho ng c bm

nc

3.6.3. S h thng bin tn iu khin ng c v nguyn l

hot ng.
* Nhn xt: ng c bm nc cn cung cp mt lu lng
nc nht nh theo yu cu ca cc h gia nh theo tng thi im
l khc nhau,do vic s dng bin tn iu khin tc ng
c l hp l. Vi cc ng c ny ta s chn cc Bin tn c cng

20
sut 132kW in p 0,4kV. in nng tit kim c hng nm l
316.379,8kWh t (28%) tng ng vi s tin tit kim c hng
nm gn 419 triu VN, lng kh thi CO2 thi ra mi trng gim
198 tn, thi gian hon vn mua v lp bin tn gn 1,2 nm. Nh
vy lp bin tn cho cc ng c bm nc trm bm cp II s
mang li hiu qu v kinh t, gp phn tit kim nng lng in cho
nh my v bo v mi trng. Mt khc s dng h thng bin tn
s t ng iu khin h thng lm vic dn ti c th gim cng
nhn vn hnh cho nh my.
3.7. S dng pin mt tri cung cp in cho h thng chiu sng
Nc cung cp cho mng li cp nc phi m bo v
sinh cho ngi s dng v th s quan tm bo qun khu vc cha
nc sch l cn thit. m bo cho h thng cp nc khng b
nhim th s bo qun kim tra thng xuyn rt quan trng v th h
thng chiu sng cho khu vc ny khng th thiu c. H thng
chiu sng ca nh my c cung cp t li in nn khi s c s
c v li in s nh hng ti h thng chiu sng.
3.7.1. Cu to v hot ng ca pin mt tri
3.7.1.1. Hiu ng quang in
3.7.1.2. Hiu sut ca qu trnh bin i quang in
3.7.1.3. Cu to pin mt tri
3.7.2. Thit k h thng in mt tri
H thng nng lng mt tri l mt h thng bao gm cc
thnh phn nh; cc tm pin mt tri (my pht in), cc ti tiu th
in, cc thit b tch tr nng lng v cc thit b iu phi nng
lng.
3.7.2.1. Cc thng s v cc ti c trng ca ph ti

21
thit k, tnh ton mt h thng in mt tri trc ht
cn mt s thng s chnh sau y:
- Cc yu cu v cc c trng ca ph ti
- V tr t h thng
3.7.2.2. Cc bc thit k h thng in mt tri
a) La chn s khi
b) Tnh ton h ngun in pin mt tri
3.7.2.3. p dng tnh ton cho h thng chiu sng nh my nc
Bng 3.24. Cng sut cc ph ti chiu sng yu cu

a) Xc nh in nng tiu th mi ngy

Tng in nng phi cp hng ngy cho ti bng tng tt c
in nng ca ti, thi gian cc ti s dng l nh nhau = 10h.
Png = (P1 + P2 ) = 10.(2.805 + 504) = 33.090, 0 [Wh/ngy]
Png l tng cng sut ca cc thit b tiu th in trong ngy
b) Tnh pin mt tri (PV panel)
Tng s PV panel = 33.090,0x1,31 = 443.347,9WP
y PV l h thng pin mt tri c ghp li vi nhau
Trong 1,31 l sut tn hao trn thit b.
Tng WP panel
WP =

443.347,9
4,425

=9.796,1 WP

WP l cng sut nh ca dn pin mt tri (Peak Watt)

22
Vi cng bc x trung bnh R = 4,425 (kWh/m2/ngy)
Chn loi PV c PWp = 150 WP th s PV cn dng
9.796,1
WP
n PV =
=
= 65,3 tm. chn 66 tm
P
150
npv l s PV panel
Khi chon 66 tm lng in nng sn xut ra c
n *P *R 66*150*4,425
P= PV WP
=
=43,8kWh /ngy
1000
1000
tnh n tn hao trn dy dn v thit b (1,31)

Pt =

P
43,8
=
= 33,44 kWh /ngy
1,31 1,31

Vi Pt l cng sut thc khi tnh n tn hao

So snh vi cng m h thng chiu sng yu cu l t tiu chun
Gi ca h thng PV l CPV = 19.500 (VN):
Vn u t ban u
V=n PV *PWP *C PV *19.500= 66x150x3x19.500 = 579.150.000,0 VN
Vi gi in nng trung bnh l C =1.323VN (theo gi phc
v cho cc ngnh sn xut) th ph ha n tin in hng ngy s l;
Ch = Png*C = 33,09x1.323= 43.778,07 VN
Tin m h thng PV to ra:
Cht = Png*C = 33,44x1.323=44.241,12 VN
Cht l tin in thu c tng ng lng in nng m h
thng sn xut ra
Mt nm 365 ngy th h thng PV s sn sut ra c lng
in tng ng vi s tin l:
C1 = Cht*365 = 44.241,12x365=16.148.009,0 VN
S tin 1nm phi tr ngnh in nu khng dng PV:
C2 = Ch*365 = 43.778,07 x365 =15.978.995,6 VN

23
Thi gian hon vn
V
579.150.000
T= =
= 18 (nm)
C 16.148.009 + 15.978.995,6
Vi C = C1+C2
Bng 3.25. Tng hp tnh ton lp t h thng pin mt tri cho
chiu sng

*Nhn xt: Lp t h thng pin mt tri vn u t ln so

snh vi s kinh ph chi tr in nng cho h thng ny, thi gian
hon vn l 18 nm. Tuy nhin vi h thng chiu sng yu cu bt
buc phi m bo cung cp nh sng trong cc ca trc ti trong
nh my th h thng pin nng lng mt tri l cn thit
Bng 3.26. Tm tt cc gii php tit kim in nng

24
3.8. Kt lun
T kt qu phn tch trn cho thy vic tin hnh kim ton
nng lng ti nh my nc Bin H tm ra gii php nhm s dng
nng lng tit kim v hiu qu l rt cn thit. N khng nhng
gim chi ph, tng li nhun, nng cao cht lng sn xut m cn
gp phn lm gim nhu cu s dng in ca quc gia. Kt qu
nghin cu cho thy p dng chng trnh tit kim nng lng li
nh my nc Bin H tit kim c mi nm 500.510 triu ng,
gim 240,6 tn kh CO2 ra mi trng.

25
KT LUN V KIN NGH
ti nhm nghin cu xut cc gii php v nh gi
hiu qu tit kim nng lng. Tc gi nghin cu vo chin lc
DSM t nghin cu chi tit vo h thng tiu th nng lng, p
dng thc hin tit kim in nng cho nh my nc Bin H Gia
Lai. Kt qu nghin cu cho thy p dng cc bin php tit kim
in nng cho nh my nc Bin H khng ch mang li li ch cho
bn thn nh my m cn nhiu li to ln trong vic gim nhu cu
cng sut v in nng, t tit kim c nng lng v ci thin
mi trng. Qua kt qu nghin cu c th cho thy vic u t cng
nh p dng cc bin php rt kh thi, em li hiu qu kinh t to
ln, tiu th in nng t hn v khon tin tit kim c sau khi b
p chi ph li rt ln.
Vi kt qu nghin cu ti Nh my nc Bin H Gia Lai
tc gi c mt s kt lun sau.
1- Li ch kinh t
Nu nh my thc hin cc xut trn th hng nm tit
kim c 500.510 triu ng trong mt nm.
2- Li ch v mi trng.
Kt qu nghin cu a ra cc bin php tit kim nng
lng, lm gim lng in tiu th dn n gim c cc cht gy
nhim mi trng c bit l gim 240,6 tn kh CO2.
3 Li ch v mt x hi
Qua kt qu nghin cu, ti c th lm mt c s nhn
rng cho cc c s sn xut cng nghip, t nng cao cng tc
kim ton nng lng. Nu mi doanh nghip, mi c s on th
u tin hnh kim ton nng lng th vn an ninh nng lng

26
quc gia s c m bo ng thi gp phn thc y nn kinh t
t nc.
Tc gi kin ngh nhng kt qu c a ra trong qu trnh
nghin cu nn c xem xt v b sung thit lp mt chin lc
ton nh my v tit kim nng lng nhm nng cao hiu sut s
dng nng lng.