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Dng 1: Phn bit cht vt th

Phng php
Nm cc nh ngha:
- Vt th: l nhng vt c hnh dng c th, tn ti xung quanh ta v trong khng gian.
- Cht: c trong vt th hoc to nn vt th.
Chng hn ni: ca st th ca l vt th, st l cht.
V d 1:
Dy in c lm bng ng c bc mt lp cht do. Bn c lm bng . Bnh
ng nc c lm bng thy tinh. Lp xe c lm bng cao su.
- Nhng t ch vt th gm: Dy in, bn, bnh, lp xe.
- Nhng t ch cht gm: ng, cht do, nc, thy tinh, cao su.
Bi tp vn dng
Bi 1:
Hy ch ra nhng t hoc cm t no ch vt th, t hoc cm t no ch cht:
a) Li dao bng st, ca1ndao bng nha.
b) Khng kh gm oxi, nit, kh cacbonic
c) Bin gm nc, mui v mt s cht khc.
d) Khoai lang cha nhiu vitamin A, B, C, E, protein, tinh bt, cht nha, cc axit amin.
e) Vi nhng bt cao cp, thn bt thng c lm bng bc, bc m vng, vng, hoc
thm ch l bch kim.
f) Khi n mt tri cam, c th c b sung nc vi cc cht b dng nh vitamin C,
ng glucozo cng vi cht x.
g) Rt nhiu thit b in nh tivi, my tnh, thm in thng cha Bromine (cht chng
chy).

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h) ng n c sn xut t cy ma, c ci ng.

i) Ly lm bng thy tinh d v hn ly nha.
Bi 2:
Hy phn loi cc vt th di y thuc vt th t nhin, vt th nhn to:
Con dao, qu chanh, ni i, xe p, cy c, qun o, giy dp, sng h, cy, cuc, c th
ngi, cc con vt, t.
Bi 3:
Cho cc vt th sau:
Xe p, chu nhm, t, ni ng, cc nha, cp sch, bt bi, knh eo mt, qut in, nhn
vng.
a) Vt th do mt cht to nn:
b) Vt th do nhiu cht to nn:
Bi 4:
Hy chn nhng t hay cm t thch hp in vo ch trng:
a) ng vt, cy c, sng, h l nhng .. Cy vit, bn hc,
v, my bay, xe tng, xe honda, xe p l nhng ..
b) Ht go, c khoai, qu chui, qu chanh, qung apatit, kh quyn, i dng l nhng
.; cn tinh bt, glucozo, axit xitric, nc, ng,
xenlulozo, cht do, protein c gi l
Bi 5:
Cc vt th sau c th c lm bng nhng cht no? (ng vi mi v d nu hai cht)
a) Chai l
b) Cha kha
c) m un nc
Bi 6:
Hy cho th d v:
a) Mt vt th c to ra bi nhiu cht.
b) Mt cht c dng to ra nhiu vt th.

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Dng 2: Tnh cht ca cht

Bi tp vn dng
Bi 1:
Hy tm nhng tnh cht ct (II) c th tm hiu bng phng php ct (I)

Bi 2:
C 3 l khng ghi nhn, mi l ng mt cht lng sau: Gim n, nc ng, nc mui.
Lm th no c th nhn bit c tng cht.
Bi 3:
Da vo tnh cht vt l, hy phn bit:
a) C 3 cht bt trng b mt nhn gm: mui n, ng ct, tinh bt.

b) Ba bnh cha 3 cht bt kim loi: st, nhm, bc.

Bi 6: Hy
ging nhau
ng v

nu nhng tnh cht

v khc nhau gia st,
nhm.

Bi 7: Trc kia, ngi ta dng ni ng, ni t un nu, ngy nay ngi ta dng ni
nhm. Ni nhm c u im g hn so vi ni t, ni ng?
Bi 8: Nu u im v nhc im ca hai loi vnh xe p: vnh st v vnh nhm.
Bi 5: C 4 l thy tinh ng ring bit tng cht dng bt: st, than, lu hunh, nhm.
Lm th no phn bit c tng l.

Bi 4: Hon thnh cc trng trong bng sau:

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Hng dn v bt m
Bi 2
Hng dn: V y l nhng cht khng c hi, c tnh cht c trng d bit nht, nn
ta c th s dng cch ny. l cch g?
Bi 3
Hng dn: st cn c mt im ng ch l c t tnh tc l b nam chm ht. C th
dng cch ny nhn bit st.Nhng cn hai loi bt kim loi cn li c mu sc kh
ging nhau th lm sao phn bit? Vy ta suy ngh tip gia nhm v bc th nhm thng

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dng lm v my bay v c tnh g? (nh). Nu ly cng th tch th mu no c khi lng

nng hn l bc, cn nh hn l nhm.
Bt m hnh: t tri sang phi:a) mui, bt, ng.

b)bt nhm, bt st, bt bc.

Bi 5. Bt m hnh: 1) nhm; 2) st; 3) than; 4) lu hunh

Bi 6
Ging nhau: dn in, dn nhit, do v c nh kim.
Khc nhau: mu sc, khi lng ring, nhit nng chy.
Bi 7
Ni t: dn nhit km, nng, d v.
Ni ng: t tin, nng, d b g gy nhim c cho c th.
Ni nhm: r hn so vi ni ng, dn nhit tt, nh, bn, sch, hp v sinh.

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Dng 3: Phn bit cht tinh khit v hn hp Tch cht

Phng php
* Nm li nh ngha:
- Hn hp gm nhiu cht, tnh cht thay i.
- Cht tinh khit ch c 1 cht, tinh cht nht nh.
* Da vo tnh cht vt l c th tch cht ra khi hn hp. Ta cng c th tch cht bng
phng php ha hc (thng dng). Chng hn cacbonic tc dng vi nc vi, cn oxi th
khng, ta c th tch ring oxi ra khi hn hp cacbonic v oxi.
* Cc PP tch cht thng dng da vo tnh cht vt l:
PP gn, lng, lc: tch cht rn khng tan trong cht lng.
PP bay hi: cht lng kt tinh (t0 si ca cc cht khc nhau).
PP chng ct: cc cht lng c nhit si khc nhau.
PP chit: cc cht lng khng tan vo nhau.
Bi tp vn dng
Bi 1:
Trong cc cht di y, hy xp ring mt bn l cht tinh khit, mt bn l hn hp.
Sa u nnh, xenluloz, st, nhm, axit, nc bin, nc mui, kh oxi, ng, khng kh,
nc t nhin, hi nc, ng.
Bi 2:
a) V sao ni khng kh v nc chanh l nhng hn hp? C th thay i chua ca
nc chanh bng cch no?
b) Ngi ta trn rt cn thn bt st v bt lu hunh rt mn, thu c mt loi bt mu
en. C th xem bt l hn hp khng?
Bi 3: Ru ung l mt cht hay hn hp? V sao?
Bi 4: Trnh by phng php:
a) Tch ring cc cht ra khi hn hp gm bt st, lu hunh v mui n.
b) Tch du n c ln nc.
Bi 5: Trnh by cch tch ring tng cht trong cc hn hp sau:
1. Du ho, nc.
2. Ru, nc. Bit ru si nhit 78,30C.
3. Mui, ct, nc.
4. Bt st, vn g, vn ng.
5. Tch ng ct ra khi hn hp ng v tinh bt.

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6. Tch ring kh oxi ra khi hn hp kh oxi v kh cacbonic. Bit kh cacbonic lm c

nc vi trong.
Bi 6: C 4 l mi l ng mt cht lng sau: gim n, nc ng, nc mui, cn. Lm
th no nhn bit c cht lng ng trong mi l.
Bi 7: C hai l y kn, mi l ng mt cht kh oxi hoc kh cacbonic.
a) Lm th no c th nhn bit c cht kh ng trong mi l?
b) Nu trn 2 cht kh trn vi nhau, bng cch no c th tch ring c kh oxi?
Hng dn v bt m
Bi 4
a) Xt v tnh cht ring, st b nam chm ht, lu hunh khng tan trong nc, mui n
tan trong nc. Chng ta s dng nhng phng php no?
Ta dng nam chm ht ring bt st. Hn hp cn li em ha tan vo nc. Khuy u,
mui n tan ht. Rt ton b hn hp qua phu lc, ta tch ring c lu hunh (trn phu)
v nc mui. Dng bin php chng ct, tch ring c nc v mui n.
Ch : do yu cu tch ring tng cht, nn khng c em nc mui c cn (bay
hi), bin php ny ch tch c mui.
b) Do du n khng tan trong nc v nh hn nc, nn dng phu chit, m kha cho
nc chy xung va ht, kha li, ta tch c du n v nc ring.
Bi 5
2) Ch un hn hp n 78,3oC. v y l hai cht lng c nhit si khc nhau, ta
dng phng php g?
4) Ch vn g v vn ng khi cho vo nc, vn g ni, ta s gn, lc ly vn g, cn
vn ng chm xung y, ta rt hn hp qua phu lc, tch c vn ng.
5) ng ct tan trong nc, cn tinh bt th khng, ta tch tinh bt bng phu lc. Hn hp
nc ng cn li ta un nh thu c ng.
6) y l phng php ha hc v cacbonic lm c nc vi trong. Ta s dn hn hp kh
qua nc vi trong, kh oxi khng lm c nc vi, s c tch ring.
Bi 7
a) Nh ta bit kh oxi duy tr s chy, cn cacbonic th khng.
Ta cho vo ln lt mi l que m (tn m qua dim), kh no lm que m bng chy l
oxi; lm tt que m l cacbonic.
b) Tng t bi 5, cu 6.
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