H THNG KH SCH CHO PHNG M PHNG TH NGHIM

(PHNG V KHUN)
NH NGHA PHNG V KHUN:
- Phng v khun l phng c nng vi khun v sch khng kh nht nh bng
cch thng qua p dng mt s bin php lm sch khng kh .
- Phng v khun = mi trng sch + h thng iu ho khng kh sch
Tc dng ca phng v khun
- Phng m, phng th nghim v khun p dng phng php k thut lm sch nh :
tr khun , iu chnh m v nhit khng kh , khin phng m ,phng th nghim
tr nn sch s , c nhit v m thch hp , cc bc s c lm vic trong mi
trng d chu , bnh nhn c m trong khng gian sch s , phng hu hiu hin
tng nhim c sau khi m , nng cao t l thnh cng ca ca m .
- i vi phng th nghim gip nghin cu chnh xc .
Nhn thc v tc hi ca vt lng trong khng kh
100 nm trc , bc s Anh Li- st l ngi u tin nhn thc c tc hi ca cht
nhim trong khng kh i vi phu thut
- Nhng nm 30 th k 20 k thut v khun bt u c ng dng rng ri
- Nhng nm gn y k thut lm sch khng kh c ng dng trong hu ht cc
bnh vin trn th gii
T L NHIM TRNG SAU M C LIN QUAN TRC TIP VI SCH
CA KHNG KH
Lch s pht trin ca phng m v khun
- Phng m v khun dng n nh:u tin ra iti nc M vo nm 1966
Cc nc pht trin nh M , Anh , c , Nht Bn i su nghin cu v thc tin
vic ng dng k thut lm sch vo phng m bnh vin .
- Nhng nm gn y , theo pht trin nhanh chng ca nn kinh t nh nc , nhp
bc xy dng hin i ho bnh vin c tng ln theo tng nm, kh nhiu bnh vin
xy mi hoc ci to phng m , khin phng m tr thnh khu phu thut v khun
NGHA CA VIC XY DNG PHNG M V KHUN
- Phng m v khun l du hiu quan trng ca mt bnh vin hin i .
- C th nng cao ton din hiu ch kinh t v hiu ch x hi ca bnh vin : gim bt
t l tht bi do nhim trng ca cc ca m phc tp .
- Gim bt c tn tht c th xy ra do ngi bnh kin co ,bo v li ch ca bnh
vin.
- Ph hp vi tiu chun nh nc quy nh .

TIU CHUN XY DNG KHU PHU THUT V KHUN BNH VIN

ng cp v phm vi thch dng ca phng m v khun

Phng ngh ca bc s , phng trc ban , phng gy t, phng ng lnh ct lt, phng
ti , phng hng dn ging dy , phng ch i , phng thay qun o dy dp, bung
tm v toa lt .
Tiu chun ng cp phng v khun

CH TIU K THUT CHNH CA PHNG M V KHUN

Quy m mt bng v khun:
Trang b c bn cho phng m v khun:

YU CU KIN TRC C BN CA PHNG M. PHNG TH NGHIM V

KHUN
1 . Phng v khun phi nm cch xa ngun nhim .
2 .Nn nh phi lm bng vt liu chu mn , chng n mn, chng chy , chng khun
,khng gy bi , d ra , phng tnh in . (polyclad)
3 Tng nh nn dng vt liu khng gy bi , bng phng , d lau chi ,dng sn chng
khun .
4 Ca phng ti thiu rng 1,4 mt , nn lp loi ca t ng kiu treo c thit b t
ng ko di thi gian ng .
5 Phng m v khun v phng ph tr v khun cp 1, cp 2 khng nn xy ca s ,
phng ph tr v khun cp 3 v 4 c th xy ca s ngoi kn 2 tng .
BIN PHP LM SCH KHNG KH CHO PHNG V KHUN
Khng ch cm nhim khng ch ton din
1 .Nht thit phi ct t mi ng gy nhim .
2 .Ngoi nghim khc kh trng , cn cn c bin php khng ch i vi ngi , vt
qua h thng kh trng trc khi vo khu v trng .
3 .Thi gian khng ch phi qun xuyn c ca m.
4 .Cn thnh lp mt khu kim sot trung tm theo di ton b h thng .
Khu v khun
- Khu v khun ng dng k thut lm sch khng kh , thng qua thit lp lu trnh
ngi , vt khoa hc v qun l nghim khc theo khu vc , cui cng t ti mc ch
khng ch nhim , m bo an ton tnh mng cho ngi bnh , t hiu qu trong vic
nghin cu .
K THUT LM SCH KHNG KH
- K thut lm sch khng kh l phng php hu hiu to mi trng vi th sch
bng cch thng qua h thng lc khng kh nhiu cp c thit k khoa hc , thanh

tr ti a nhng ht v vi sinh vt trong khng kh .

2 loi phng m v khun
1. Phng v khun dng n nh gc ng ( cp 1: loi phng c bit ) ( tng lu )
2. Phng v khun dng hn lon ( cp 2,3,4 )
YU T C BN CA KHU PHU THUT V KHUN
- Khu phu thut v khun l khu chc nng bao gm cc phng ph tr phng m ,
phng th nghim v khun
- B cc mt bng khoa hc hp l
- H thng lm sch khng kh hiu xut cao , Vt liu , thit b tn tin , y
- H thng iu ho khng kh t ng iu khin.
B CC MT BNG KHOA HC HP L
Nguyn tc c bn : lu trnh chc nng ngn gn ,sch bn r
rng
- Ngn chia r khu v khun v khu c khun
- Sp xp hp l phng m v phng ph tr theo nhu cu
- Quy trnh ngi , vt r rng , thng sut
- Sch bn phn cch , trnh ly nhim cho .
HNH THC SP XP MT BNG KHU PHU THUT V KHUN
Hnh thc sp xp chnh
- Kiu tn u---phng m t u trong cng hnh lang t b phin nhiu nht
- Kiu m --- mt m l phng m ,mt m l phng ph tr v khun
- Kiu trung tm --- phng m nm chnh gia,hch tm l phng v khun
CC KHU V LI I TRONG KHU PHU THUT V KHUN
- Khu: Khu v khun --- phng m , hnh lang v khun ,phng ph tr v khun
- Khu sch --- phng ph tr , khu lm vic, khu lm v sinh thng qua
- Khu nhim --- phng ra, hnh lang ( dn ) bn
- Li i --- li i hai chiu ---hnh lang sch , hnh lang bn ,li i mt chiu hnh
lang sch
PHN GIA KHU V KHUN V KHU C KHUN
* Ngn chia r khu v khun v khu c khun
* Khu v khun v khu c khun nht nh phi ngn cch bng phng hon xung hoc
ca s truyn a , loi tr bt vi khun .
* Phng hon xung din tch ti thiu 3 mt vung , cp bc v khun ca phng hon

xung phi cng cp vi bn c v khun cao , v khng cao qu cp 1000

* Lp cng ngn gia cc khu v khun c khun khng kh khc nhau
THIT LP PHNG V KHUN
- Cn c theo tnh cht ,quy m, cp bit v ngn sch ca bnh vin quyt nh s lng
, quy m v cp bit ca phng v khun
- Bnh vin tng hp ti thiu phi c mt phng m v khun cp 1
- S lng phng m v khun cp 1 khng nn chim qu 15% tng s phng m v
khun
H THNG X L KHNG KH HIU XUT CAO
- Khng ch bin i tnh hnh , m bo khng kh v khun cho c ca m
NHC IM CA PHNG PHP ST TRNG KHNG KH TRUYN
THNG .
- Hiu qu st trng chu nh hng ca nhiu nhn t :
Dc phm --- chng loi ,nng , phng php , thi gian
Thit b ---tnh nng , cng , phng php , thi gian
- Nhc im ln :
+ Khng khng ch theo bin i tnh hnh , hiu qu st trng ngn
SNG TO MI TRNG HT V KHUN .
- Khng ch theo bin i tnh hnh : Khin khng kh trong phng lun sch s
- Bo h khu trung tm :m bo cho ngi bnh t b nh hng nht
NHIT V M CA PHNG M
- Nhit : 22 25 C m : 40 60 %
- Nu nhit v m qu cao : Nhn vin y t s cm thy kh chu do lng pht
khun trong c th cao .
- Nu nhit qu thp : Bnh nhn s xut hin hin tng trng ngi c nng do th
nhit thp
- m qu thp : Vt m ca bnh nhn s b mt nc, vt thng kh lnh
SP XP T MY X L KHNG KH
- Phng m cp 1,2 v phng m p lc m u phi lp h thng iu ho khng kh
sch ring
- Phng m cp 3,4 v phng ph tr v khun cho php 2-3 phng dng chung mt h

thng
- Phng m v khun v phng ph tr khng c dng chung mt h thng iu ho
khng kh sch .
PHN THIT B
c im ca t my lm sch khng kh
- Khu a hi ( bnh ai da) nm trc my lc s hiu v trung hiu chn khng cho
ht vn ai da ri vo ng hi, nh hng my lc cao hiu .
- Khu lm ngui ( ng nc lm lnh ) nm on p lc dng chn khng cho khng
kh bn ngoi la vo khu lm ngui qua ng ng lm lnh
- Hm my dng vt liu thp khng r lm tm lt trong, t my c thit b kh trng
bng tia t ngoi
THIT B LC CA H THNG IU HA KHNG KH SCH
- H thng iu ho khng kh sch t nht phi c my lc khng kh 3 cp :
* My lc s hiu ---nm ca a hi mi v khu lc ca t my s l khng kh
* My lc trung hiu ---nm on lc t my s l khng kh
* My lc cao hiu --- nm on cui a hi : trong trn a khng kh sch
- T my hi mi : C my lc s hiu , trung hiu v bn cao hiu

* Thng lc kh:

DIN TCH TRN NH A GI

- Phng m v khun cp 1,2 v 3 nn p dng phng thc a gi tp trung cc b ,
din tch ca a gi phi tng xng vi ng cp phng m :
Cp 1_____>6.2m ( < 2.4x 2.6 )
Cp 2 _____> 4.6 m ( < 1.8x2.6)
Cp 3_____> 3.6 m ( < 1.4 x2.6 )

VT LIU , THIT B TN TIN

- Vt liu trang tr --- ph hp vi mi trng v khun
- Trang b phng m, phng th nghim --- p ng c nhu cu s dng .
TRANG TR PHNG M, PHNG TH NGHIM
- Nguyn tc chung : khng gy bi , khng tch bi , chng n mn , phng m , d lau
chi , ph hp yu cu chng chy.
- Nn nh phng v khun :
Dng vt liu chng n mn , khng gy bi ,d ra v phng chng gy tnh in (
Dng tm tri Polycad )
- Mt tng phng v khun :
Dng vt liu khng gy bi , bng phng , d lau chi ,khng s va chm ( S dng sn
chng khun )
TRANG B C BN CA PHNG M
Tt c cc trang thit b phi t m tng , khng c cnh g gh vi khun eo

bm .
- Trang b ni tht ( kiu ni khm ):
* Quy thuc , quy dng c , quy gy t ,bn vit
* n xem X quang
* Tm iu khin nhiu chc nng
* H thng kh y dng, h thng thi kh thi gy t
- Trang b khc :
* Ca kn t ng
* Bn ra tay
THNG TIN HO
- Lin lc thng tin gia phng m vi bn ngoi --- h thng my , my ni kiu min
cm
- H thng Camera gim st ton cnh phng m : Lp Camera trong n m, truyn
a tn hiu hnh nh phu thut v trung tm iu khin , phng hin th ging dy , c
th tham quan phu thut vo bt c lc no , thc hin hi chn t xa .
IU KHIN T NG H THNG IU HA KHNG KH
- H thng iu khin t ng iu ho khng kh sch --- iu khin ng thi h thng
iu ho khng kh , m bo tc hi , p sut gi v nhit , m n nh cho
phng m
- Trung tm iu khin t ng --- tin hnh iu khin t ng , ton phng v ,nhiu
chc nng khun , cn c th thc hin s chun on t xa v gii quyt nhanh trc
trc.
YU CU C BN CA PHNG V KHUN I VI KIN TRC TNG QUAN
Thit k kin trc ca khu phu thut v khun .
+ Thit k kin trc tt , l c s a khu v khun i ti b cc hp l , ng thi cng
l iu kin cn c trc xy dng mt h thng lm sch khng kh hon thin . Thit
k kin trc thot ly vi hin thc , s gy nhiu kh khn nan gii cho vic xy dng khu
phu thut , nh hng hiu qu s dng ca khuv trng .
V tr ca khu phu thut
- Khu phu thut v khun phi cch xa ngun nhim .
- Khu phu thut v khun khng nn t tng 1 hoc tng trn cng.
- Nu t di tng t thit b , nht nh phI c bin php hu hiu chng d nc ,
phng chn ng v cch m .
- Tng thit b : phng n tt nht l t tng trn phng m , kin ngh tng cao >=
2,8 mt ( hn thp nht l >= 1.8 mt tnh t y x ti nn nh )
Chiu cao ca phng m v khun .

+ Chiu cao tuyt i : 2.8 3m

+ Chiu cao kin trc : Khong cch t n m ti ging m phi tho mn nhu cu
ca bc s thc hin ca m , khong cch t y x tng phu thut ti nn nh phi cao
t 3,5 m tr ln v trn nh cn phI lp hm tnh p cao 0,5 m , tng cao tt nht l :
4.5 m .
Li i trong khu phu thut v khun
+ Hnh lang v khun : rng 2.5m tr ln ( ti thiu l 2,2 m )
+ Hnh lang ch bn :rng 1.5m tr ln ( ti thiu l 1,2m )
Thang my trong khu phu thut v khun
- Thang my phi phn chia khu vc v chc nng :
* Thang my dnh ring cho bnh nhn
* Thang my chuyn dng cho nhn vin cng tc
- Thang my chuyn ch v khun
- Thang my truyn a mu
- Thang ch xc
Nn phn chia theo iu kin c th ca bnh vin v tnh hnh phn b ca khu phu
thut
THANG MY V THANG GC TRONG KHU PHU THUT V KHUN
+ Thang my ch ngi v vt khng nn t trong khu v khun
+ Nu cn t do iu kin c hn , phi m phng hon sung li ra .
+ Nu phng m nm hai tng khc nhau , nht nh phI c thang ma sch dnh
ring cho nhn vin y t ln xung ( t trong khu v khun hoc khu sch )
BN RA TAY TRONG PHNG M V KHUN
1. Bn ra tay nn t phn tn , nm gn phng m .
2. C 2- 4 phng m cn t ring 1 bn ra tay
3. C th t bn ra tay trn hnh lang v khun nu iu kin cho php .
4. Mi phng m nn t 2-3 bn ra .
Chi tit k thut:
- Bn ra c lm bng Inox.
- Vic lm sch v ty c thc hin mt cch v sinh trong khoang.
- Nc c cung cp bng ng nha thc hin lnh iu khin t van chnh.
- Nc thi ra bng ng dn c ng knh 50mm, c ni vi thng kh trng hay h
thng thot nc.
- 03 Vi nc ra tay bng nc m t ng ( f21 )
Cc thng s k thut ::

 S khi h thng x l nc:

S khi h thng bn ra tay:
S x l nc ti bn:
Kch thc bn x:
Kch thc cc b phn :

AIR SHOWER VI PHUN KH SCH

1/ Cng Dng :
L thit b trong day truyn kh sch cho phng m.
Cc vi phun lm sch nhn vin khi vo khu vc phng m.
Lm sch bi trn thn th v trn b mt cc vt dng em theo vo ra phng m.
ng thi cng c tc dng gi khng kh sch , lm lnh v chnh p gia bn
trong day chuyn vi bn ngoi.
2/ Cu to :
* Thit b c thit k theo nguyn l, ly khng kh qua b lc s cp bng hai t qut
cao p tp m thp, a vo bung tch p nn qua b lc HEPA ( hiu sut lc
99,9997% kh nng nn chn bi c ht 0,35um).
To ra cc lung kh sch t tiu chun 10.000 t hai bn qua cc vi kh iu chnh
c vi tc 250 n 540m/pht. Phun vo ngi r sch bi, mi, t bn ngoi i
vo v t bn trong i ra

3/ Vn hnh :
H thng ca, cng tc iu khin c thit k rt tin li v d s dng.
Nhn cng tc ng ngun lc ny neon bo ngun s bt sng, Hai t qut ng
thi lm vic theo thi gian hn gi 5,10,15,30 pht v t ng ngt.
Cnh ca c name vn gi v m ca, khng kh sch t 22 vi kh phun hai bn xi
x tp trung vo ngi i qua.
H thng kho ca : Khi bc vo trong , ca i din lp tc ng cht li c hin
th bi hai n (ng)/ xanh ( m ) . Ngi qua thit b ch m ca v bc ra ngoi
theo tn hiu ca n tn hiu, khi bc ra ngoi ca phi ng that s th ngi tip sau
mi m ca c.
Khi khng c ngi ng trong v khi mt in , cht kho hai ca u trng thi
m hai bn hon ton c th qua li c
Khi thit b t ngt ngi k tip vo phi nhn nt c lp t hai bn ca thit

b lm vic li, ra vo theo n bo ng/m

4/ Cc thng s :

c im k thut:

CA S PHNG M V KHUN
- Phng m v khun v phng ph tr v khun cp 1 , cp 2 khng nn xy ca s ,
nn thp sng bng in .
- Phng ph tr v khun cp 3 v 4 c th xy ca s kn 2 tng

CA PHNG M V KHUN
- Chiu rng ca ca phng m khng c hp hn 1,4 mt
- Chiu rng ( tr khung ) ca ca phng m v khun Nn lp loi ca y t ng kiu
treo
- Nht nh phi c thit b t ng ko dI thi gian ng ca .
CCH X L RNH LP NG NG
- Rnh lp ng ng khng nn i qua khu v khun khu phu thut .
- Nu cn i qua khu v khun , phi lp thm ca kn loi tt
LP T T MY NC LNH IU HO KHNG KH
Phng n lp t t my nc lnh :
- Lp ring t my nc lnh cung cp cho khu phu thut ( phng n tt nht ) , S
dng linh hot , tit kim nng lng
- Lp mt t my nc lnh dng chung cho c to lu , v lp ring ng ng dn
nc cho khu phu thut
- Gii quyt hu hiu vn cp nc nng v nc lnh cho phng bnh ( si m ) v
khu phu thut ( gim nhit ) trong ma qu .
KHU PHU THUT V KHUN HIN I HO
- L mt chnh th mang tnh cht tng hp tin tin v nhiu cng dng
- C th kim sot ton din bi , vi trng , tc , p lc , m thanh , nh sng v in.
- m bo khng kh v khun cho ca m
- To cho nhn vin y t mi trng lm vic thoi mi, tin li .
PHNG M V KHUN KHNG T TIU CHUN
- Nng vi khun cao hn phng m cha qua s l v khun
-Tnh p phng m thp hn tnh p hnh lang , khng kh nhim ln nhau
- Tc cp hi ca khu phu thut lc cao lc thp ,khin ngi bnh cm thy kh
chu u v c
- Phng m b hi ,lm bnh nhn kh th chong u .
- Nhit v m mt khng ch
- Ting n cao qu tiu chun .
YU CU QUN L CA KHU V KHUN
- Phng php chnh khng ch nhim ht trong phng m v khun .

1. Chn nhim ngoi xm : Dng h thng iu ho khng kh sch s l khng kh bn

ngoi ri mi a vo phng m. m bo trng thi p lc dng ca phng m ( p
lc + trng thi ng kn ca phng m )
2. Loi tr nhanh v hu hiu nhim xy ra trong phng
(dng kh trong phng )
3. Khng ch ngun nhim , gim bt lng nhim pht sinh , st trng cho ngi v
vt vo phng m (st trng vt , thay qun o )
4. x l thit b , vt b nhim ( ch qua ng chuyn ch bn , st trng
vt trong phng )
PHNG PHP QUN L KHU V KHUN
- Phn chia nghim khc khu v khun v khu c khun , tng cng s bo v i vi
khu v khun
- Khng c s dng ln ln xe ch bnh nhn bn trong v bn ngoi.
- Vt phm phi nghim khc phn chia bn sch , ch qua li i chuyn dng theo quy
trnh .
- Ca phng m v ca phng ngn cch gia cc khu phi thng xuyn ng kn
- Cm khng cho php m ca khi lm phu thut .
CCH ST TRNG CA PHNG M V KHUN .
- Phng m v khun thng thng khng st trng khng kh bng Fomalin ( tr ca m
cm nhim mang tnh c d )
- Khng st trng bng tia t ngoi.
- Trc v sau ca m , dng thuc st trng lau n m , bn m , ging gy t .
- Sau mi ca m , phi qut dn ngay phng m , ch b bn theo phng thc quy
nh , lau c sch vt nh thuc , vt mu trn sn nh v tng nh .
- Mi thng phi tng v sinh mt ln khu phu thut .
CNG TC CHUN B CHO CC CA M LIN TIP .
- Qut dn lau chi ngay ni tht sau khi ca m trc hon thnh
- Ch tin hnh ca m tip theo khi khng kh trong phng tr li mc v khun do h
thng lm sch khng kh hot ng gi
Cp 1 ___15 pht ng h
Cp 2___25 pht
Cp 3___30 pht
Cp 4 ___40 pht
PHNG PHP BO V KHU PHU THUT V KHUN

- Cm dng tay c tinh m hoc ng ca t ng .

- Ct t nhn vin chuyn mn iu khin nhit v m , cm iu khin ba bi .
- nh k ( 2 tun 1 ln ) ra my lc s hiu .
- nh k ra v st trng hm my my lm sch khng kh
- nh k kim trc lng vi khun tch ng trong khng kh ca phng m .
Trn y l mt s tiu chun chnh yu trong vic thit k h thng kh sch khu
phng m, phng th nghim, hy vng s gip thm cho cc n v thit k c c
nhng kin thc c bn trong xy dng bnh vin hin i.