HCM Missing Years

HChMinh:Nhngnmthngchacbitn
SophieQuinnJudge
HCHMINH:
NHNGNMTHNGCHACBITN(19191941)
=====HOCHIMINH:THEMISSINGYEARS=====
Tcgi:BSophieQuinnJudge
BntingAnh:UniversityofCaliforniaPress,2002
Dchgi:DinVvHoiAn
Hiunh:HGm
Ngun:Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
DinVvHoiAn
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
LidchgiDinV
Thaccbc,vylcunschHChMinh:Nhngnmthngchacbitn,sau2nm
vt ln hu nh hon tt. Ch cn phn ch thch na m ti s c gng hon tt nay mai.
TrchtxinchnthnhcmnbcHoiAn,ngiccnggiithiuvchuynngphn
ucacunsch.Khngcbcthticngchbitmitmc.KnxincmnbcH
Gm,mtngivikinthcdidovlchsnggiphiunhrtnhiutntuiv
adanhccptrongcunsch.Vcuicngxincmnskinnhnvnhittnhca
ccthnhvinkhckhchlvcvcngvicchuynngny.
Nh bc Hoi An nhn mnh ngay t lc u. Chng ti b cng ra dch cun sch ny
khngngoimcchnokhclemstht(gnnht)vcucicaHChMinhranh
sngkhchquan.Quynnhnnhxinnhngchongic.Tcgicacunsch,bSophie
QuinnJudge,sdnghngngntiliutSLimPhngPhpvttngthcaQuct
CngSnvacbchho.Vicchvittheothbinnink,tcgirtcntrng,tm
vnghimtcvchlirtchititconngchnhtrcaHChMinhtHiNghHoBnh
Paris nm 1919 chonngyng vli bingii VitNamnm 1943.Qua cun sch,tathy
rngHChMinh,khngnhnhngschvtiliucachaibn(nghvchngi)t
trcnnayvnthngmiut,khngphilngiduynhtccng/titruynbch
nghacngsnvoVitNam.Tmtthanhninvilngyuncnngnnnhngginn
chonkhitrthnhngilnhophongtrocngsnVitNam,ngkhnghnlngic
nh hng nht trong ni b ng CS cng nh phong tro gii phng thuc a ti ng
Dng.NhnghqulchscaVitNamchongiaionyvclvsauny,lunb
nhhngbinhngnhntvtcngchquanvkhchquankhcngoinhnvtHCh
Minh.SkhcbitvthchtrongcucchinQucCngmvtnhlnc,nhngngi
cachaibnchintuyncnglcbinngtrthnhmtvthnhsngvmttnt.
Hyvngcunschshmnhiuchititcgitrlchschongichhiurhnv
cucicaHChMinhcngnh nhngtranhchpquynlcv httngtrongthnh
phnlnhophongtrocngsnVitNamtkhinvarai.Tcccinhnkhch
quanhnvnhnvtnitingnycngnhhintnhlchscatnctronggiaiony.
DinVvHoiAn
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Tihonthnhbndchcunschnyvitmtrngvuibunlnln.Vuivccmt
cngtrnhnghincuytnhchuynnghipvkhchquancamthcgitntm.Bunl
vgn40nmsaungyHChMinhquai,cchcgi,sgiangiVittrongvngoi
ncvnchavtquacnhngrngbucchnhtr,cmtnhcnhnhocthchc
thchoraimtnghincunhthnymphinhnbntayvtrccangingoi
quc.Vikhnngngnngchn,cbitlnhngadanh,nhndanhvnhngtng
chuynmn,bndchchnchncnnhiukhimkhuyt.Mongnhngthnhvintiptcng
gpnthmhonchnh.
Mtlnnaxincmnmingi.Hngpliccbctrongnhngdnkhc.
DinVvHoiAn
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
i BBC Vit Ng phng vn tc gi cun H Ch Minh

Nhngnmchabitn
Cun H Ch Minh: Nhng nm cha bit n (Hochiminh: The missing years) ca tc gi

SophieQuinnJudge,ihcLSE,London,chyudatrntliuvQuctcngsnc
giimtnm1992caTrungtmlutrqucgiaNgavtliutkholutrqucgiaPhp.
Tp trung vo nhng nm hot ng ca ng H Ch Minh thi k trc 1945, quyn sch c
gngdng lichn dungcng nhvtrthts cang Htrongthik ny.TinsSophie
QuinnJudge,ngiMhinsngtiAnhtrliphngvncaiBanTingVitBBC.
BBC:CunschcabmubnghinghhabnhtiParisnm1919khilnutinngHCh
MinhmlcnyctnNguyniQuccnhiungibitti.Vytrcgiaionnychngta
cbitgnhiuvhotngcang,cbitlvicngichacangcnhhngthnonng
khng?
SophieQuinnJudge:ChacangHlmtnhnvtrtngchvtihivngscthm
ti liu nghin cu ting Vit hiu r hn thn th ca ngi ny. Nhng r rng l vic
ngichabthtsng,khngcnlquancptnhtrongchPhpctcngncuc
sngngH.
BisaukhingNguynSinhHuybminnhimtitnhBnhnh,conngNguynTtThnh
bucphithihctrngQuc hcHuv trthnh thy gio tiPhan Thit.Ri ng vo
Namvnhmingiubit,ngiPhpnm1911.
Nuchangvncntichc,thclngithanhninNguynTtThnhtiptcihc
Huvsnghipchngthcdncangcthngsangmthngkhc.Chngtakhng
bitchc,nhngnhnghoncnhbnngoibucngphirancngoi.
DinVvHoiAn
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Tmngcunc
BBC:BnglbanungHrancngoikhngphivimcchtmngcunc?
Khng,tikhngphilnhth.DatrntiliucaPhpnivccanhchtronggianh
ngHvnhnglnhgip choPhanBiChu,tinghgianhhthamgiavocchot
ngyuncchngthcdntsm.
TitinlngHChMinhcngsthamgiavocchotngchngthcdntheocchny
haycchkhc.NhngbivngkhngthlitrngQuchc,nnngrancngoitm
binphphochcthmnghcchchngngiPhp.
BBC:KhingHtihinghhabnhVersailles1919,ngitanhnngHnhthno?
ylmtiumchngtartkhbitchcbivcmtkhongtrnglntrongtiusca
ngH.Chngtakhngbittrcnm1919,ngHhotngmcno,chuynchnhtr
cphilvnbntmduynhtcanghaykhng.
NnkhingxuthintihinghParisthngSunm1919,phnphtbnkinnghchocc
i biu tham d, mi ngi thy kh chp nhn ng y nh mt nhn vt ngang hng vi
nhngnginitingnhPhanChuTrinhhayPhanVnTrng.
BBC:SauhinghParis,ngHnNganm1923risauiQungng.Trongkhongthigian
ny,vtrcangHtrongQuctcngsnnhthno,bivmtstcgichornglcnyngH
cQuctcngsnchnhiu?
utin,ngHlckhngphilthnhvincamtngcngsnchuno.ngy
ang l thnh vin ca ng cng sn Php. V th, ng cha c v tr vng chc trong ni b
Quctcngsn.Vd,ngkhngcchntrongbanchphnh.Cnhiunhnvtkhcquan
trnghnnhMahendraRoytnhaySenKatayamacaNht.
NhngNguyniQuccmtthngiprtrvvicphongtrocngsncththamgia
thnotrongphongtroqucgiaticcthuca.Tinghbivthngipnynnngy
ckhuynkhchlnphtbiutiihilnthnmcaQuctcngsnnm1924.Nhng
lcy, theoti,ngHcha phi lngipht ngn hng uv cc vn thucatrong
Quctcngsn.
VicngHlthnhvinngCngsnPhpcngcthkhinvtrcangtrnnphc
tp.TrotskyithchnhtrcaStalinthibygicmtnhhngngkivinhng
ngicngsnPhp.Trongmtbimnchnhtrnhvy,ngHdngnhbtuhccch
hptcvibtkaiangnmquynlcvhccchtheouinhngquantmcaringmnh.
BBC:MtstcginhJeanLacouturenirngngHcgitiQungnglmtrlhayth
kchoMichailBorodin?
DinVvHoiAn
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Tinghiunykhngchnhxc,bivngHlctNgaiQungngmkhngmang
theomthngdnrrngvnhnggngslmti.Banungykhngcchomt
vaitrchnhthc.Cvnhngitatmchongcngviclmngidchthuttihngtin
caNgatictinthchincchotngchnhtrcang.
ChcnlcminQungng,ngHrtvtvtrongvicctingipchovicgipa
ccthanhninVitNamsangQungngthamgiacckhaoluyn.Nhvy,khngcmt
khoch,chthrrngdnhchongHvngphitbnchi,iphviccvnkhi
chngdinra.
BBC:ChngtacbittmtrngcangHlcnykhng?
TinghngycmthybcbivthiusgipcthcaQuctcngsn,hayngiNga
hayngicngsnPhplc.Trongnm1924,ngHlintcgithyucucclnho
QuctcngsnchnhiuhnnnhucucaphongtrotiVitNam.
Cuicngthvounm1927,thngquamtibiuQuctCngsntPhpsangQung
ng,ngHnhncmtkhonngnsch.Nhngkhngmayltrckhikhochc
thc hin, xy ra cuc o chnh ca Tng Gii Thch v ng H phi ri khi Qung ng
trckhicckhaotomngmuntinhnhcthkhingmtcchtondin.
TngTuytMinh
BBC:TrongkhongthigianngHtiQungng,cxuthincitncabTngTuytMinhvi
nhnglinonkhcnhau.Theonguntiliumbc,thTngTuytMinhlai?
GnycmtchuyngiaTrungQuccpnnginy.Cntheotiliumtitm
thytiPhp,TngTuytMinhkhilmtphntrQungng.Vclbyvng
Hkt hnvo thngMi nm 1926.H vi nhau chonkhingH phiri Qung
ngthngNm1927.Nhvythigiankodikhongsuthng.
BBC:Tmbdngclynghalthno?
Khngchcvothik,mtcuchnnhncnhnghanhthno.Tabtgpnhng
vdkhcnhautrongccvnbnvphongtrocngsn.ikhimtcuchnnhndinra
nthunvldochnhtr.Haingisngchungvinhaunhmtcchngytrangduytr
cchotngchnhtrcah.Thd,nuhiuhnhmttasonbo,santonhnkhi
gilmhaivchng.Vtikhngbittrongccphongtrocchmng,ulccyutto
nnmtcuchnnhncrngbuc.Nhngiunycvkhngchtch,chnghnnuta
nhnsnghipcaMaoTrchng,mtngimnhiulnthayinginngkhnsa
tichomnh.
BBC:SaukhirikhiQungng,ngHChMinhbnbanhiunitrckhiquaytrlichu.
VrichngtacsthnhlpngCngsnVitNam,msauctnngCngsnngdng.
DinVvHoiAn
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Theoquynschcab,thngCngsnthnhlpthngHainm1930vnthngMinm,
ngHChMinhnhmtnhhngcamnhtrongng?
CnnhclngHtriquathigianThiLan,risangHngKngvomang1929.
HngKnglnimthngHainm1930,mtngcngsnthngnhtcangiVitNam
rai.Cnglcnythcnhiuskhngrrngxungquanhvicailngibanuc
chnhthc giao trchnhimthnhlp nnng.Bivtrc QuctCngsngi v hai
ngilTrnPhvNgcTr.HainginyhctiMoscowtrongkhongbanmv
trvmangtheochthcaQuctcngsnvcchthcthnhlpng.
VylsaukhiNguyniQucthnhlpngcngsnvothnghai,hainginyquayv
Vit Nam hot ng. Cui cng n thng Mi, din ra hi ngh trung ng ln th nhtt
chctiHngKng.nlcnyhaingi,mcbitlTrnPhtheoticgngn
nhccchthmhmangtheotMoscow.Chthnybaogmngphiltchccaring
giai cplao ng,mtchtrng msdnnmtnlc thanhtrngccthnh phnyu
ncgctrunglutrongnibng.
NguynThMinhKhai
BBC:Cngkhongthigianny,cmtlthngy1211931caVnphngVinngcaQuc
tCngsnnhcngNguyniQucrngngcnthngbochohvcuchnnhncamnhhai
thngtrckhicuchnnhndinra.yllcmunchib,theob,thccuchnnhngiab
NguynThMinhKhaivngHChMinhhaykhng?
Tikhngchccphimtcuchnnhnthtshaykhng.Chngtabitlkhonggia
nm1930,bNguynThMinhKhaicgiaonlmvictivnphngcangHHng
Kng,risaucgiaocngviclinlcvingcngsnTrungQuc.
VothngHai nm 1931, ng H cnhc vic vcangang bn chunb chongyTt v
chunbnkhchtVitNam.ngHcngvitthchoQuctCngsn,cvnhtrong
ngcptimtmcispdinra.BIvsauQuctCngsnvitthtrli,ni
ngcnnhhonmcIchonkhicchthmi.TisngnngkhinIliungHc
phI ang nI v vic lm m ci tht s hay khng bI v trong cc th t, h thng s
dngnhiuloImtm.
Nhng trong trng hp ny, c v nh l th ni nhng chuyn tht s ang din ra bi v
trong cng mt l th ng H cng tho lun nhiu vn khc mt cch cng khai. V t
nhnggngItabitvonm1934,NguyniQuccmtngivcctiihica
QuctcngsnMoscow.KhiMinhKhaitiMoscow,bycvittrongllchnimnhkt
hnviLinbdanhcangHthibygi.Vvy,ngitacthngrnggiahaingi
cmtmiquanhvonm1931.
DinVvHoiAn
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
BBC:Bnimnhkhngchccthdngchhnnhny.Vynungitahiliumtmi
quanhtnhcmgiangHChMinhvbNguynThMinhKhai,vybstrlithno?
TinghcutrlilC,cbitnuchngtadavomtschngliukhc.Vdvonm
1945,trongcucnichuynvimtphngvinM,ngHChMinhcnhcngtngcmt
ngi v, nhng b qua i. Hoc c nhng cp ni rng vo cui thp nin 1930, khi
NguynThMinhKhaiquayvVitNam,bchiactvingichnglmtnhcchmng
lntuiangncngoi.iunynghegingnhmtsmiutngHChMinh.
BBC: Nhng nu da trn nhng ngun ti liu ca Php, ta c khuynh hng tin l b Nguyn Th
MinhKhaicnhiumiquanhviccngchkhcnhautrongkhongthigiant1930n1940.
Vythulthc,ulh?
ychnhlimlmcuchuynphctp.ThngtintnhbocaPhplcbygithng
cpbMinhKhaicmiquanhvinhiungikhcnhau.Vd,nm1932,mtthmPhp
tinrngblngitnhcaTrnNgcDanh,emtraingTrnPh.
Chngtakhngbitchcliuycthucvdnghnnhncchmnghaykhng,khimhai
ngi cng ch hng gi trang lm ngi yu d nh lc hng chnh quyn ng
thi.Haycniughnth! Thtkh bitr cchthchot ngcanhngngihot
ngcchmngbivhcthxemmnhthucvmtthgiikhc,vtkhicckhunkh
ocbnhthng.
Muthuntrongng
BBC:Trongquynsch,bvitlnkhihinghtrungngngcngsnngDnghptiSi
Gnngy1231931,miquanhgiaBanchphnhtrungngvingHChMinhxungdc
rtnhiu.Vsaolinhvy?
ThtsthBanchphnhgmrttngi,ngilnhochnhlngTrnPh.Tinghc
mtskhchuv nhautchaiphangNguyni QucHngKngvccngTrn
Ph,NgcTrvcclnhokhcSiGn.Thanphinchnhcahlnhngkhkhn
trongviclinlcviQuctcngsn,midinlvnphngphngngtiThngHi.
C nhiu l do v sao vic lin lc li kh khn. Mt trong s l chi nhnh ng cng sn
Trung Qucti Hng Kng bngiAnhphthin vokhong u nm 1931.Nnkhng
cnmtcshtngchoviclinlcnhtrcy.
VdnhinlcngcngsntiVitNamcngbtnhaovnhngtbtbcangi
Php. Trong hon cnh kh khn nh vy, d hiu l v sao cc bn li cho nhau. ng H
khngnhncthngtinttrongnc,nnngyucubanchphnhminTrungvH
Ni.iunylmcclnhoSiGnkhchu.VthngHcmthymnhkhngc
sdngngvsaunghngchothichcvcangtiHngKng.
DinVvHoiAn
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
BBC:Nhngbncnh,mtldokhcdngnhlxungttronghttnggiaccbn,phi
khng?
Vng,theoti,ngHlcbchtrchvngitabtuxemnglmtnhcicchtheoxu
hngqucgia.ngycoingphisdngnhngtnhcmyuncthuhtnhiui
tng. Trong khi , ti Si Gn, chi b ng bt u i theo chnh sch mi ca Quc t
Cngsn,tclutranhgiaicpvngchlngcangivsnmthi,sinhvinhay
tnglptrungluchngvaitrhtr.
BBC:CivnlngiqucgiahaycngsncbnnnhiuxungquanhngHChMinh.C
nginilngayckhixemngHlngitheochnghadntc,ththtrakhngphilthuyt
cachnhng?Bnghsao?
ThtkhbitulxuhngringtrongchnhschcangHlc,ulngitheo
chnhschcaQuctcngsnthikthpnin1920.NhngcthnixuhngcangH
lcphhpvichnhschcaQuctcngsnlc1920.Theo,nhngngicngsn
nntptrungvocccuccchmngdntcccnc thucabivgiaicpvsnhay
ngcngsncnrtnh,tmnhhnhngthkhngcli.ngHtheoxuhngny.Cn
ngcnhngtngnovtrakhiiunykhng,thtikhngr.
BBC:Chngtahychuynsanggiaiongiathpnin1930khingHquayvNga.Cvnhvtr
cangtrongQuctcngsnlcnyblunglay?
Stalin lc ny cng c nh hng ca mnh. Ni chung nhng ai tng lm vic nc
ngoisbnghingmangttngtsn.NhngaitrvNgaphitth.Ccmgickth
mi ni. c bit nhng ngi nh ng H Ch Minh tng lm vic vi mt trn thng
nhttiminnamTrungHoa.Thmvoiu,licnnhngvbtgingicngsnti
Hng Kng, Thng Hi nm 1931. C s ca quc t cng sn ti Thng Hi sp . V
nhngngilnhongcngsntiVitNamcngbbt.Nndnhindinraccviu
traxemaicti,vngHchcchntriquanhngngyvtvkhi.
BBC:SaunhngvthanhtrngtiNga19371938,thnhiungithivsaongHChMinhc
thtntisaunhngngynhth?
lcuhimccchuyngiancngoitptrungnghincutlu.Quanimtrc
yca hchorngldochnhlvngH,vocuithpnin30,trthnhlnhtca
ngcngsnnnvthcStalinbovhaytnhtcnglmttrongnhngngictin
dng.Theoti,lmtstngquthakhngccs.Stalincthdittrnhngngi
thncnnhtcamnh,khngcailanton.NhngnhnvtthncnnhKalinin,Molotov
cnglnnnhncaStalin(vcahbbtvycthxemlmtcchkhngchnhng
ngi ny). Nn phi ni ngay t u ci ngh bn c th an ton khi cnh Stalin l iu
khngctht.Vngoira,ngHChMinhbcnhgnnhbgingchcvonm1935v
cobucngchutrchnhimchonhngvbtginm1931.Nnkhngthningylc
lnhnvthngutrongQuctcngsn.
DinVvHoiAn
10
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Ktlunli,tinghldochnhlvngsngkno,lngl.MthcsVitNamcng
khng phi nm trong danh sch nhng nc l Stalin lo u. ng ta quan tm hn n vic
thanhtrngngcngsnccnclngging.
Thithay
BBC:Theotngthutcabtrongsch,ngcchmngcangHChMinhvncnrtgiannan
trongthpnin30.VyngHlmthnoccquynlctrongngcngsnrisauny
dnticchmngnm1945?
Qutrnhdnnvicnmquynlcnm1945cangHkhngphilmttintrnhcsn
t u. Mt trong nhng im ti c gng lm r trong quyn sch l qu trnh dn n vic
nmquynlcnm1945cangHkhngphilmttintrnhcsntu.
Nm 1938, khi ng H quay li Trung Quc, L Hng Phong, H Huy Tp l thuc trong s
nhnglnhongtiSiGn.SauthlnlttnglnhotiSiGnbPhpbtsau
khimttrnbnhdntiPhpspvngiPhpmtlnnarachnhschtrditng
cngsn.Sau,tinghcmtcuckhnghonglnhotrongng.Lcny,ngHang
TrungQucxydngmtnhmnhngngiyuncVitNamtheouichnhschthng
nhtmtchnhschmvolcnyquctcngsnquaylisdng.Tinghnuthp
nin40,ngHChMinhlngiVitNamcnlc,cmtvsnsnghnhng.
BBC:Nhbvittrongsch,nhiutcgiccngsnvkhngcngsnphnnophngivai
trcangHChMinh.Vsao?
Tinghliumtronggiishcgilphttrinbngcchvitngc(backformation).
BivngHtrthnhchtchncnm1945,ngitatranhngtinkhngccnc
v s nghip ca ng. Vtht d dng chorng ng lun l mt trong nhng nhn vt
hngutrongquctcngsn.DnhinngcngsnVitNamsnsngchpnhnsuyngh
nyvnchohmtuytntrongphongtrocngsnquct.
BBC:Nhngvsaongaycnhngngikhngcngsncngcthinhngchpnhniuny?
Theoti,lvmtchndungnhthcnghpvinhngnghtrnhcah.Hmuntin
rng ng H lun l mt ngi cng sn n ng sau ci v dn tc ch ngha. Ti ngh
nhngnhchtrchngHChMinhthucchaiphacngsnvkhngcngsnduytr
chn dung vngnh mt nh cng sn y quyn lc bi v ng y l biu tng niting
nhtcaphongtrocngsnVitNam.
BBC:KhicvnhngbcngutintrongsnghipcangHChMinh,ncgipgcho
ngitahiuvphnisaunycanghaykhng?
Vng,tinghphnno,nhnggdinratrongthpnin30cngtilptrongcuithpnin
40,u50.MuthuntrongphongtrocngsntiVitNamvquctkhngbaogivttt.
DinVvHoiAn
11
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Mtbnmunitithtnhanh,xydngiumhgilchnghaxhibngcchloitr
tnglptrunglu.Mtbnlichorngchnghacngsnphicxydngtt,triqua
giaioncachnghatbn.Tinghngitacnhiuhaiquanimnycthaynhauc
chpnhn,rigtb.Cnhvy.
lmttrongnhngldotinghvsaongHChMinhkhngphibaogicngduy
trcvtrlmtnhlnhocthcquyn.
(NgunBBCVitNg)
DinVvHoiAn
12
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Licmt ca b Sophie Quinn-Judge
Ti xin chn thnh cm n John D. v Catherine T. ti qu McAthur v ti tr cho nhng

nghincucamnhvnm1994tiMoscowvAixenProvence.Qunghincucaihc
trungtmLondonlnititrchonghincucatiAixenProvencevonm1998.Ti
rtbitnnhngngiqunthtitrungbo tnvlutrtngthvlchs cnica
Nga,nhngngihtlnggiptrongnhngiukinkhkhn.
ChnhbnbcatitiVitNam,Nga,M,Anh,Phpnghvkhuynkhchtithchin
vicnghincuvNguyniQuc/HChMinh,mtdnnghincutngnhvinvng
mbanutikhnglnghtc.Trongnhngnmthnghctikhoachuphihcca
trngihctnghpLondon,ticcnhiutraoivmthcthutvibnbqua
ccseminarvlchsVitnam.Ticngmuncmnchngvhaicongicamnhvh
trhtmnhchocngvicnghincuny.
Quyn sch nyginh tngcho nhng ngiqu clHunhKimKhnh, ngiutin
khi gi s t m ca ti v mi quan h gia Nguyn i Quc v Quc T III; v Ralph B.
Smith, mt ngi bn vi nhiu li khuyn chn thnh, mt tm gng v s lao ng qun
mnhcamthcgi.
DinVvHoiAn
13
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Nidungsch
Chng1:Paris:SxuthincaNguyniQuc(191923)
Chng2:RanhpQucTIII(Comintern)(19234)
Chng3:ThikQungChuvsau(19248)
Chng4:Tconngcnconngmi(19279)
Chng5:Sngtriucchmng(19301)
Chng6:ChtHngKng,chntiMoscow?
Chng7:StrlicaHChMinhvconngnHinghTm(193741).
DinVvHoiAn
14
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Quicvittttrongsch
ACP
AnnamCommunistParty(AnNamCngsnng)
AOM
ArchivesdOutreMer
BNTS
HChMinh:BinNinTiuS
CC
CentralCommittee(Trungng)
CCP
ChineseCommunistParty(ngCSTrungQuc)
CYL
CommunistYouthLeague(LinonThanhninCngsn)
DDSCD
ngDngCngsnng
ECCI
Executive Committee of the Communist International (Ban chp hnh

QuctCngSn).
FCP
FrenchCommunistParty(ngcngsnPhp)
FEB
FarEastBureau(VinngCc)
GMD
Guomindang(Qucdnng)
ICP
IndochineseCommunistParty(ngdngCngsnng)
MAE
MinistredesAffairesEtrangres
NCLS
NghincuLchs(tpch)
NXB
Nhxutbn
OMS
Bphnlinlcquct
RS
TrungbotnvlutrtngthvlchscniNga
SHAT
ServiceHistoriquedelArmedeTerre
SLOTFOM
Service de Liaisons avec les Originaires des Territoires de la France

dOutreMer.
SMP
HscnhstthnhphThnghi.
SPCE
ServicedeProtectionduCorpsExpditionaire
DinVvHoiAn
15
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
VNQDD
VitNamQucDnng
VNTNCMDCH
VitnamThanhninCchmngngchHi
DinVvHoiAn
16
SophieQuinnJudge
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
CHNG0:GIITHIU
Huynthoikp
NhnvintrongbngticaQucTIIIcthgiibtubitntnm1945dicitn
lHChMinhtrthnhbiutngcachnghacngsntiVitnamnhiunmsaungy
nglnnmquynvitcchlchtchutincatncmnh.TrongcucchingiaM
vVitnam,ngnilnnhmthnhtngcachnghacngsnhaimtinhnhchu
(nghalmtcngsnvmtdntcND),vivitngthngMLyndonJohnsonngl
mtkth.Hnhtngnyphnnocdnglndoccchindchtuyntruynthichin
tranh lnh, m ngc mtnhmt kcungtn,amm quynlc, mtngitng
theochnghadntcnhngcuicngphnbilichnhnhngngitheochnghadn
tc phi cngsn[1]. Hphichutrch nhim cho nhngkhaumtncng phi hng
chudochintranhvchnghacngsnemli.
Hnh nh trn ca H Ch Minh c a ra bi phe chng cng
ngchnlivihnhnhcxydngklngvngcanhng
ngicngsnVitnamtrongngcmtnhmtngich
tch,mtngichacancVitnamclp,mtngisngmu
mc, kh hnh nh thy tu, mt ngi cng hin trn i mnh
chodntc.Tsaunm1945,nhngngicngsnVitnams
dng ng nh mt phng tin to ra mt lch s ca mt ng
cngsnthngnht,onktvlunlunsngsut.mtmc
no , bn thn ng H cng khuyn khch vic xy dng hnh
tngmnhnhmtngiyuncgindtheochnghadntc.
Vic s dng hnh nh H Ch Minh theo kiu ny cng tr nn r
hnsaunm1947,khiquniPhptichimthucavchnhphMtranghingtnh
dntccaVitMinh.TrongligiithiuuquynschtiusutinvHChMinhxut
hinParis1949,mtngnhbiutngcakhtvngdntc;tritimngcchol
cngpmtnhpvinhngngidnVitnam;nhnglidycangtrnysnhni
DinVvHoiAn
17
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
caocnhnglicckgngiginn[2].MtbitrnboNhnDnsrangy25thng3
nm1951limtmtvaitrkhccangH.BiboxemHchtchnhlinhhnca
cchmngVitnamvcuckhngchin,trongkhilixcnhnvaitrcaTrngChinh,
lcltngbthngCngsn,nhlngikinthitvlnhocchmng[3].
Chonnm1964,khinhngngicnsnVitnamangbkongycngsuhnvocuc
iuviM,thmthnhnhthngnhtvchtchHChMinhtronglchsngcngtr
nnhtsc quan trng. Nhchng tabit,thiim nm1963 lthikcngthng trong
ngvicucutranhnibxemnntheongliquctno(giatheoLinXvTrung
Quc ND). V vy bi bo xut hin trn tp ch Nghin cu Lch s s ra thng 2 nm 1964
trongmtvaitrcaHChMinhtrongvichpnhtccngCngsnVitnmnm
1930 mang mt thng ip quan trng. l thng ip v mt hnh nh thng nht v phm
chtchnhtrcxcnhnvhnhtnghobichnhHChMinh[4].ngthingcng
tmtmnhnhmtngcscmnhvchnhslnhosngsuttitnhcaHCh
Minh. Ma mai l ch, vo thi im nm 1964, quyn lc c nhn thc s ca H Ch Tch
trongnglibgimingk[5].Tronglnxutbnth5cuntiuschtchHCh
MinhdoTrngChinhvitnm1973,lnutinxuthinmtondinivnhngchin
lccchmngcaHChMinhvmtonkhcnivocvphmhnhcang[6].
Tuyvychonnm1989khikhiXHCNngusp,nhngngiCngsnVitnam
mibtuhthngholittngHChMinhvdngnnhmtkimchnamttng
h.
Theoquanimcati,chaiquanimdpkhunvHChMinhnhlmtngicngsn
theoMachiavelli(theothuytmcchbinminhchohnhngND),haylmtvthnhc
tinhthndntcugycntrchovicnghincunghimtcmthnhtnglchs.Lyv
dchngcthgyranhngcuctranhcirtvbnhliuHChMinhcphilmtk
modanh?Haymtkngkch[7]?(RrnglHChMinhcthlmtngiithoirt
trungthcvthngthn,ngthilicthlmtngirtxoquytlunbittcnhgic).
HnhnhquthctcucsngcaHlmnhiuhcginghincuvchnghacngsn
Vitnamphngiqumcvtmquantrngcangtrongvictodngtnhhunghcng
sn quc t. Ly v d cun tiu s vit bi Jean Lacouture, mt ngi i m ng H, m t
rng ng l mt ngi bn mt thit ca nhng tr thc cnh t ni ting ca Php nh Boris
Souvarine[8].McdvynhngtiliutNgavPhpmchngtinghinculichothy
thcrangHlngicucnhccmiquanhvihchkhngphibnthn.Souvarine,c
lhunhkhngcmyquanhvingHchontnnm1923,vngPhprtngnsau
khibbtvoccnm1920,1921,vchonkhingtabkhaitrkhingCngsnPhp
nm 1924 [9]. William Duiker th m t ng H nh mt din gi chnh ca phng ng v
giplmtngschnccvncanngdntiphinbmccahinghlnthnm
caQucTIIInm1924[10].Tuynhintrongthct,ngHchlmtdingiphnivvn
thuc a v thm ch khng phi l i din ca mt ng Cng sn chu no. Charles
McLanechorng,saukhitrliMoscowtTrungQucnm1927,ngHbnnhlichnh
schiviccncngNamviccnhlnhoQucTIII,Thmchcllvichnh
DinVvHoiAn
18
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Stalin[11].Mcdvy,hinchacmtbngchngnochothyiungoivicngH
npmtbnbocochoKrestintern(QucTNngDn)vbnbcvicptrncamnhban
chphnhQuctCngSntrongkhongthigianngMoscownm1927.CharlesFenncho
rngngHlmttronghaiidinthamdhinghlnth7caQucTIIIthamgiangh
mttrnbnhdn[12].ThcrangHkhngcquynbphiu,ccccchinlcchnhsch
cDimitrovchunbklngtrcdishtrcaStalin.Vaitrcamtnhtuyntruyn
cchmngcangHnhiukhicngbthiphngmtcchqung.Vdnhtrongbibo
vitvtiuscangngtrnboNhnDnsrangy17thng5nm1970,nmsaukhing
mt,mttbochngqucLeParia,mngHlmchbinParis,ltonnmt
cngicchmngthibngtrntonngdngvccnckhc.Theoquanimcnhn
cachngti,lsniquvvaitrcaLePariatrongnhngnmuthpnin20.
Nhnghcgichngcngthngcxuhngchpnhnmtphinbncacchnhntrnv
tm nh hng ca H Ch Minh. Tn Tht Thin trong bi lun c ta S tht v gi di:
Chuyn i b mt ca H Ch Minh n Nga nm 1923 v s tht sng ca ng trong Quc t
CngSn3,tvnnghingvtmnhhngcaHChMinhtrongphongtrocng
snquct.ngchorngbiphtbiucangHtiihi2ngCngsnPhpgyn
tngmnhivicphivincaQuctCngSn3DmitryManuilsky,vngaytiH
cmithamdihi5QuctCngSn3tiMoscow[13].Trongthct,cctiliuti
cctngthcaNgavPhplichothyvnphctphnmtcht.Trongchng2,chng
tischrarngthctbanungHchdnhliMoscowc3thngvkhngcnh
thamdhingh5.TheoLacouture,ngHthamdmthinghphnquantrngvo
unm1928ninggpgNehruvccnhdntcchnghakhc[14].Nhngthcrahi
ngh nydinrathng 2nm1927,trongkhingHvncnangQungChu.Trongqu
trnhnghincucamnh,chngtiphthinranhiuchuynthvvvicrtnhiuvicc
gnchongHnhngthctngkhnglmdohoclngkhngcmttiaimdinra
hnhng,hocngkhngctmnhhnglm.
Mt trong nhng v d kiu ny l vic cho rng ng l tc gi bi bo: The Partys Military
Work among the Peasants in trong tp ti bn ca cun s tay Quc t Cng Sn 3, Armed
Insurrection.Bibogccinvonm1929dibtdanhA.Neuberg,mcdcmt
bi vit vi tiu tng t ca Alfred Langer, xut hin c nm 1928. Nhng hc gi nh
WilliamDuikervHuynhKimKhanhdungbilunnylgiivquanimcangH
vnngdnvcucnidycaXvitNghTnhnm19301[15].Trongphngiithiuca
bninnm1970,ErichWollenberg,ngitnhnlmttrongcctcgigc,chrHCh
Minh l tc gi ca chng cui, v khi ngha ca nng dn [16]. Wollenberg cng cho rng
chnhHngquncHChMinhnTrungQucnm1924.VicthanhnngHnhmt
chuyngiavqunsnhnhiutiliubochphngtysauny,hinchacminhchng
trongcctiliuvchngcchngtinghincu.TrongQuctCngSn3,ngHch
hotngnhmtphindch,mtchuyngiatuyntruynvvnngcchmng.Khitrv
Moscow t Trung Quc vo thng 6 nm 1927, ng c bo co v phong tro nng dn tnh
Qungng,nhngbibocodngmtcthchkhngcdngiuphntchsusc
DinVvHoiAn
19
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
nh bi bo trn. Berlin nm 1928, ng vit bi m t v phong tro nng dn Pen Pai.

NhngtithiimcacucnidyNanchang,SVitHaiLungfeng,haykhinghaQung
Chu,ngkhngcmttimnhngskinnylicphntchrtklngtrongbi
lunnm1929kia.TheotiliucaQucTIII,Hingqunscabanthkngphng
caQucTIIIgiaonhimvchoA.Gailis,mtngiLitva(bitdanhlTomkhilmvicti
Trung Quc], v Y. Zhingur mt ngi lm vic lm vic trong lc lng tnh bo qun i
NamTrungQuctnm1926n1927nghincuccchinthutchomtcuckhinghav
trang.Quytnhnycaratrongcuchpngy22thng3nm1928,trongkhingH
vncnangBerlin[17].CunschcaGailisvchnycinMoscowvongy20
thng6nm1929[18].DoclsxcnhnngHltcgibiluncuicalntibnnm
1970clchmuncaovaitrcangHnhlmtlthuytgiaCngsn.(Sthcth
quanimcabibocngchnhlquanimchnhthngcaQucTIIInm1928,vcho
dngHcngquanimvinthcngkhckhnngngHlicthsdngging
kcnhvyivisthtbicangCngsnTrungQuc).
NhngtiusutincaphngTyvHChMinh(nhcaLacouture,Fenn)lnhngtiu
smangmduncatrngphintng(munnicnhiuiukhngthtND),do
thiu t liu lch s. Bn thn ng H cng rt kho lo trong vic che du qu kh ca mnh.
Trong nhiu nm thng tin v tiu s ca mnh m ng cung cp phn nhiu l nhng mu
chuynhcuvinhngngythnglnxnkhngrrngchkhngphinhngskintht
trong cuc i ca ng. Cun tiu s ln u in ti Paris nm 1949, trc xut hin nm
1948bngtingTrungQuc,saunycinlinhiulnbngtingVitvitiu:Nhng
muchuynvcucihotngcaHChTch.McdtntcgilTrnDnTin,nhng
hinmingiucngnhnltdongHvit[19].Cunschltphpnhngkhc
homotrongtrnhvngcaccngchcangvingythnglnxn.Mcdnc
datrnnhngsthtnhngsthiuhtthngtin,stranghongvtinthuytphcngi
cv nhngphmchtvsncangHch lmquynsch nyc tcdngxydngnn
huynthoiHChMinhchkhngphilmtcunschcgitrlchscao.TiusHCh
MinhbngtingNgacaKobelevltcphmcamtnhbohnlcamtlchsgia[20].
CuntiusnyphnlndatrncuntiusvitbiHngH,mtngimquacchnh
givviccntrngtrongvicsdngtiliuthamkhonncngcxemlmtnhbohn
lmtsgiathcth[21].
NhngthngtintiusvthitraitrcaHChMinhtrongnhngnmthngutinParis
c pht hin trong tng th ca Php bi, Nguyn Th Anh, Thu Trang Gaspard, v Daniel
Hmery sau khi cun sch ca Lacouture c in lm mnh thm quan im v ngun gc
dn tc ch ngha ca ng H [22]. c bit trong bi bo in nm 1992 ca mnh vi ta
Jeunesse dun Colonis gense dun exil, Ho Chi Minh jusquen 1911, Hmery ch ra s
nghipcabngH(cNguynSinhHuyND)vvicngbcchchcquannhhng
nhthnonsphttrincaanhthanhninNguynTtThnh.Cuntiusgnyca
WilliamDuikerngtickhnglunnghincunycaHmery.Duikerchsdng
nhngtiliuvthitrcangHcxutbnHni.McdDuikercngaccquan
DinVvHoiAn
20
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
imngcchiuvocuntiuscamnhvsdngmtstiliucaQucTIII,nhng
ngcngchorngKobelevhithiphngquvaitrcangHtrongQuctCngSn3.
TmkimhnhnhlchsthtcaHChMinh
VivictngthQuctCngSncmcngkhainm1992,hincthcdkin
phchovsthtcucihotngcaHChMinhtrongnhngnmtrc1945,thay
vnhnghuynthoinhtrcy.Nghincutrongcunschnylvnhngnmthng
hotng chnh trcangtnm 1919, khing lnutinxut hintiParis dici tn
Nguyn i Quc; cho n nm 1941 trc cuc i chin th gii ln th 2, khi lin h gia
nhng ngi Cng sn Vit Nam vi Quc T III chm dt. Nghin cu trong cun sch ny
datrnnghincucctngthtiTrungbotnvlutrtngthvlchscniNga,
trc y l Hc vin MarxLenin [23], v ti Centre dArchives dOutreMer ti Aixen
Provence.Chngticgngnhttrongmccthginguyntrngnhngsthcdochng
tiphthinctrongnhngtngthnymkhngbinchngthnhmtchuiccskin
ri rc. Chngticchnhlnhng tchuyn, hi k cangiVitvcgng sosnhvi
nguntiliuchnhthngcangCngsnVitnamvicctiliuchngtitmthyticc
tngthvcngmtskinmikhicth.Cngcnchrngivicctiliuvthik
t nm 1941 tr v trc trong kho ti liu ca ng Cng sn Vit nam, tr cc hi k, v
nhngtiliucinlitrongVnKinng,HChMinhTonTpucthuthp
ytcctngthcaNgavPhpnitrn(Xemthmchitittiphntiliuthamkho).
DinVvHoiAn
21
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
McchcanghincunykhngphilhuhoithanhdanhcaHChMinh,mchl
lmrsthcnhnggnglmtrongthiknglmvicchoQucTIII.Nhngnm
thnghotngbmtvccitrangklngangHtrthnhmthuynthoi
kiuPhantomat.iu khngc gng ngcnhin.S thclmcdcuc ing trong
giaionnyyrynhngsnguyhim,thmttrongnhngcngvicmngcngthng
xuynphilmlngigthtnhiuccbnbocovimcchthuytphcngiNgacung
cpthmnhiutinchocchotngcang.ngHthcskhngccucsngcanhtu
hnh,ngchaimiquanhviphncchngminhbngcctiliuchngtitmc
trongkhongthigianhotngmcunschnycpn[24].nglmtsinhvtchnh
trphctpchkhngphilmtvthnh.TiliuchnhthngcaVitnamthngttrng
tmvotmgnglnhocangvthngxemngnhlngikhinguncamitnh
hungngckhchonhmtnhnvtoccaochngu.Chngtimunkhc
ho hnh nh ca ng khch quan hn trong mt ng cnh rng hn trong ng ch l mt
trongsnhiunhnvtchkhngphilnhnvttrungtmduynht.
S nghip ca HCh Minhtrong nhng nmngvaitrmt cunigia VitNam v
QuctCngSn3.Nghincucachngtislmrtintrnhquanhny,btutvic
QucTIIIcgngkhuynkhchvucccuccchmngccthucachonthik
cacucutranhgiaicpqucttnm1928n1935,vquayliphngtrogiiphngdn
tcbtutunhngnmcacucichinthgiilnth2.
NhngnmthngmngHcnhhngnhtchnhlnhngnmthngcamttrndn
tcthngnht.Cntrongnhngnm1930sngkhngccnhhngngkvdo
to iu kin nhng lnh o khc nh Trn Ph, H Huy Tp, Trn Vn Giu, L Hng
Phong,vNguynVnCchimlnhsnhhung.Ttccclnhotrn,trNguynVn
C, u c hc tp v hun luyn ti Moscow. y c l l cch tip cn nghin cu Top
downvnhhunglnho,mtxuhngcphnlithitrongnghinculchs.Nhng
trphichngtacytiliu,bngchngvnhngngivnhngttnggiphnh
thnhnnchnghadntcVitNamthk20,mkhngcnnnhngkinthcvngun
gckinhtvnhnchnghccacccucnidychngthcdn,thkhunglchscachng
tachmangtnhthuntulthuyt.
hiucmilinquangiaccchnhschtiMoscowvnhngskinVitnamchng
tiphinghinculiklngcccuctranhlunvtiliuchnhyutrongvicthitlp
ccchnhschcaQucTIIIiviccncthuca.Mttrongnhngthquantrngnht
lcuctranhlunvbnluncngvccvndntcvthucacaLninnm1920,
nmHChMinhranhp ngCngsnPhp. Mtcuctranh lunquantrng nal cuc
tranhlundinratnm1928nnm1929,mcctiliuvchnghacngsntiVitNam
thng din gii sai. Cuc tranh lun v cc chnh sch cp tin hn cho phong tro cng sn
quct,thaythccchinthutginhchoccncthucamLeninranm1920.phn
tchqutrnhcptinhocaphongtrocngsntiVitnamnhngnmcuithpnin20,
chngta cnxemxttrnhtthi gianmchnhsch caQuc TIIIchuynsanggiaicp
DinVvHoiAn
22
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
ugiaicpmthngcgilgiaion3cachnghatbnsaunm1918.Trong
chng3,4,v5chngticngsphntchnhngconngkhcnhaumnhngchngha
cc on kia c th c truyn vo Vit nam. Hn na cc s kin Vit nam c t
trongmtngcnhrnghnlngcnhcatonbngNam.Dngnhlchst
cp n vai tr ca Hi ng Nam Hoa ca ng Cng sn Trung Quc ti Vit nam trong
nhngnmcuithpnin20,mtrongnghincunychngtichrarngntntiVit
NamvclhotngclpngoitmkimsotcaQucTIII.
Cthcngischorng,nthiimnycthqutschnhngthlchsbchnhtr
ho,nhngtuyntruynthuntuvHChMinh.Nhngthct,mitiliuucvn
ringcanvcncdingiicnthn.Vkhacnhtchccmni,ccskinc
cpntrongcctiliucaQucTIII,thngckhngnhvminhhobicctiliu
trongtngthcaPhp,nhngxcnhtcgi,ngungc,ngythngcacctiliutrong
tngthcaQucTIIIkhngphilchuynddng.TrongccbnbocogivMoscow
camnhcclnhocangCS,nhtlHChMinh,thngcgngtrnhkhngsdng
tnthtcamnh.ikhicthxcnhchnhxcngyvitvngynhncaccbnboco
tiMoscownhngkhngphilcnocngxcnhcnhvy.
Mtvnkhc na,khngch caringNga,lkhng phittccctiliucbch
ho.LyvdphntiliulinquannhotngcaccbphncaQucTIIIdis
iukhincaNKVD(lclngmtvSVit,huthncaCheka)vncnngkn.Do
nuchdavonguntiliubchhoMoscow,clcnqusmkhngnhrng
miquanhgiaQucTIIIvnhngngicngsnVitnamclmsngthonton.
VdchongichngtivnchaccliuvcuciutracaQucTIIIvcchot
ngcaHChMinhTrungQucchonthiimngbbtnm1931.Mcdngunti
liuphkhcchochngtithy,HChMinhbloikhiihiQucTIIInm1935v
trongkhongthigiantnm19341938nggnnhkhnghotngchnhtrgtrongthi
giansngtiMoscow.Vvytachcthphngonrngcmtsnghingviutrat
phaQucTIIIiviHChMinhtithiimnyvclthngtinvcuciutranyc
trongcctiliucnangchacbchhokia.NgaybnthnHChMinh,khikhaibo
viQucTIIIcngthngxuynanhngthngtinmhvtringhchvchnhbnthn
mnh.VdkhinhphctitrngquctLeninnm1934,ngkhaibokinthcngh
nghipcamnhlkhngcg.Haynhnm1938,ngtkhaillchcamnhlsinhnm
1903,khong10tuitrhnsovituithtcamnh[25].
VicsdngccnguntiliuttngthcaPhpcngcthgytranhci.tincytrong
nhngnguntinvphntchcalclngmtvPhpkhngcgmbolchnhxc.Hn
nacctiliutiSPCEcsdngthnvchngmichcbchhovonhngnm
90.SPCEchlutrcchschyucaPhngnhlinquanncchotngcatngnh
cngsnhaychnghadntcnl.Nguntiliunylutrnhngbncungkhaivgi
lyccacnhstPhptnhngngiCngsnbgiamcm,hocccbococaccip
vin,chimcaPhptronghngngnhngngicngsn.
DinVvHoiAn
23
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Mcdnhngnguntiliunycncsdngmtcchhtscthntrng,nhngtrong
mtstnhhungchngtivnbucphisdngccnguntiliuny.Chngtidavo
nhngkhaibotrungthcivicnhstPhpcanhngngicngsntbhngngdo
btngvthngkimtrachobngcchsosnhvicclikhaicanhngngikhcv
cngmtskin.iunycbitcltrongkhongthigiantnm1930n1931,khimi
btngtrongviclachnchinlcgiacclnhongcngsnlnnnhim.i
vinhngipvinvchimcaPhngnh,thrtcthhphnginhngthngtin,lin
hvhiubitbntrongcahnhmlylngchcahlPhngnhPhp.Mcdvychng
tithngchlachnthngtincungcpbinhngngichimlunmvdngnh
chimcnimtincaPhngnhPhpviuchngttiliuvthngtincahcung
cpchnhxchnnhngngichimkhc.
Lyvd,mtipvinchimthnhcngnhtcaPhngnhPhpchnhlNguynCng
VinhaycncgilLmcTh(trongcunWiliamDuiker,LmcThcmtnhl
mtngibnthnthitcaNguyniQuc,lclLThu,LmcThcivngiHoa,v
theoHongTranhchnhlngicngvivgiithiuTng TuytMinh lmvLThu,Lmc
ThbVitMinhbnchtnm1945tiqunhThiBnhvtiVitgianND),ngikhngchgi
ccbocounnphngnhvcchotngcaHChMinhQuangngtnm
1925trimcnthngxuyngicctiliuvthgc.LyvdngtachuynchoPhng
nhPhpgnnhtonbccsboThanhNincaHChMinh,mbndchhinvnang
clutrtngthnitrn.Gitrcaccbnboconyiviccsgialchng
Hcgnguknccmiquanhvicphacngsnlnkhngcngsn,mvonhng
nm1950iunycthnguyhimchochaibn,nnkhngcbnnonhcti.iu
chothystringcvicchnhnnhnthikchintranhlnhrngcschiarsusc
giaccnhhotngcngsnvphicngsnnhngnm20NamTrungHoa.
Mcdqungthigiancpntrongnghincunynmngoitmnhhngcathik
chintranhlnh,ncngbnhhngbiquanimnhnnhndingiicathikphncc
ny.Donhtthitcnphinmvngnhngtpquncalchschnhtranhlnhmikhi
xem xt li thi k u trong s nghip ca H Ch Minh. Theo quan im ca John Lewis
Gaddis,cbaimcnnhnmnh[26].utincnphithyconsnphmcui
saukhngphnnhgiaionlchsgiaiontrc.Chnhvvymccnguntiliuhin
cvHChMinhcchngtixemxtcnthnkthpvisnghincuvmckin
thc,hiubittrctipcatcginguntiliuvccvncptrongtiliu.Quanim
th hai ca Gaddis l phi xem xt k lng tm quan trng ca l tng. iu buc
chngtiphitavcamnhvohiucnhnggdinratrongsuynghcanhng
ngichinuchnglithcdnPhp,vcthuhiuscmnhcanhngltngMarxit
Leninit trong nhng nm 20 v 30 ca th k trc. c c s tn trng v duy tr c
quynlctrongphongtroQuctCngSn,nhngnhlnhocngsncnphichngt
hnmvngnhngltngnynhthnotrcQucTIII.
DinVvHoiAn
24
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
QuanimthbacaGaddislphisdngnhiunguntiliutnhiutngth,vchng
ticgngtciunythngquavicnghincucctiliuvcucivsnghip
ca H Ch Minh t cc tng th Nga v Php. L d nhin s cn nhiu pht hin th v
khcvcchotngcaHChMinhtronggiaionnytcctngthcaTrungQucv
VitNamkhichngcbchhoiviccnhnghincu.Thmchngayccctiliucn
cha c bch ho Nga, Php, Anh, hay M s c th cung cp thm cho chng ta nhng
hiubitmivnhngnmthngmHChMinhlNguyniQuc.Mcdvyhyvng
rngtiliunychothycgitrcanguntiliutQucTIIIvchothycsnh
hngcanhngthayitrongchnhschdinraNgalncchotngcaHChMinh
tronggiaionny.
Chthchchochng0
1.ThinyphnnoldognghpvsphnbicaHChMinhivinhlnho
theochnghadntcPhanBiChunm1925.Vnnyscbnluntrongchng3.
2.TranNgocDanh,TiuSHChTch,Paris,chihiLinVittiPhp,1949,trang6.
3.TrchtrongThaiQuangTrung,CollectiveLeadershipandFactionalism,InstituteofSouthEast
AsiaStudies,Singapore,1985,trang20.
4.NguyenNghia,CngcuchpnhtcctchccngsnutinVitnamvvaitrca
ngchNguyniQuc,TpchNghinCuLchS,sthng2,nm1964.
5.JudithStowe,RevisionisminVietnam,paperforAASconference,WashingtonDC,03/1998,
trchcuctrchuynviHongMinhChnhthng2nm1995,vvicTrngChinhthnhn
nm1963ngHChMinhbvhiuho.
6.TrngChinh,HChTch:LnhtknhyucagiaicpcngnhnvnhndnVitnam,
Nhxutbnstht,Hni,1973,trang66.
7.Xemvdtrong,PierreBrocheux,HoChiMinh,Paris:PressesdeSciencesPo,2000,trang55
71.
8.JeanLacouture,HoChiMinh,Hamondsworth,Penguin,1968,trang33.
9.BrankoLazitch,ABiographicalHistoryoftheComintern,Standford,CA:HooverInstitution
Press,1973,trang378.
10.WilliamJ.Duiker,HoChiMinh:ALife,Hyperion,NewYork,2000,trang102.
11. Chales B. McLane, Soviet Strategies in SouthEast Asia: An Exploration of Eastern Policy
underLeninandStalin,PrincetonUniversityPress,1966,trang137.
12.ChalesFenn,HoChiMinh,NewYork,ChalesScribnersSons,1973,trang59.
DinVvHoiAn
25
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
13.TonThatThien,VritsetMensonges:LevoyageclandestinedeHoChiMinhenRussieen
1923etsadisgrceAuKominternen19331939,inHoChiMinh:Lhommeetsonhritage,Paris:
LaVoieNouvelle,1990,trang5152.
14.Lacouture,schdntrang48.
15. William J. Duiker, The Communist Road to Power in Vietnam, Boulder, CO: West View
Press, 1996, trang 2123; Huynh Kim Khanh, Vietnamese Communism 19251945, Ithaca, NY:
CornellUniversityPress,1968,trang168170.
16. A.Neuberg, Armed Insurrection, London: NLB, 1970, Dch bi Quentin Hoare t bn ting
cnm1928vbntingPhpnm1931.
17. Titerenko, Leunert et al., VKP, Komintern I Kitai (dokumenti), Vol III, 19271931, phn 1),
MoscowRussienCenter,1999,trang35.
18.Titarenkoetal.Tiliudn,trang572574,LetterfromBerzinandSudakovtoShifres.
19. Tran Dan Tien, Nhng Mu Chuyn v i Hot ng ca H Ch Tch, NXB Chnh tr
Quc gia, 1994. Vic gn ghp tc gi bn xut hin nm 1949 cho Trn Ngc Danh c g
khngrrang.SthcTrnNgcDanhbtrcxutkhingCngSnngdng(ICP)
nm1949,cthsgnghpnynhmlmdunhngthcmcbntrongngvtcgitht
cacunsch.
20.YevgenyKobelev,HoChiMinh,Moscow:Progress,1989dchtbntingNganm1983.
21. Hong Ha, Ho Chi Minh v Strane Sovietov (H Ch Minh trn t nc S Vit), Moscow
Polit. Literatury, 1986, dch t bn ting Vit, H Ch Minh trn t nc Lenin, Hanoi: NXB
Thanhnin,1980.
22.XemNguyenTheAnh,HowdidHoChiMinhbecomeaProletarian?RealityandLegend,
Asian Affairs, Vol. 16, Part II; Thu Trang Gaspa, Ho Chi Minh Paris (19171923), Paris:
LMahattan,1992;andDanielHmery,Jeunesseduncolonis,gensedunexil,etc.,Approcies
Asie,no.11,1992.
23.Trongnm2001,TngthnycitnthnhTngthqucgiaNgavlchschnh
trxhi.
24. Ngi ph n th nht l Tuyt Minh, mt c gi sinh vin h l ngi Qung Chu,
ngibtucucsngvchngviHChMinhtthng10nm1926.Bkhngc
cpntrongchng3cacunschnyvmiquanhchmdtngaykhiHChMinh
trn khi Trung Quc nm 1927. (Xem AOM, SPCE 367, Renseignements fournis par
Lesquendieu au sujet de Tuyet Minh, femme chinoise, maitresse de Nguyen Ai Quoc, Hanoi,
28/10/1931).Ngiphnth2lNguynThMinhKhai,ctmquantrngchnhtrlnhn
ngitrc(xemchng5,6,v7).
DinVvHoiAn
26
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
25.CcformkhaibohsnhnscangctiRC,496201/1.Nmsinhkhdnhtcang
lvokhongnm1892hoc1893theolikhaicachng(bThanh)vicnhstPhpnm
1920(SPCE364Noteconf.711,Hue,7/05/1920).CntheongunchnhthngcaHNithng
sinhnm1890.
26. John Lewis Gaddis, We know how: rethinking cold war history, Oxford Clarendon Press,
1997;cbitchngcui:TheNewColdWarHistory
DinVvHoiAn
27
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
CHNG1:SXUTHINCANGUYNIQUC
1919:ConngnhinghhobnhParis
Mahnm1919,mtvPhpbtulintcgiyucutichnhquynbohtiHni
yucucungcpthngtinkhncp[1].MtnhhotngchnhtrbnmixuthinParis,
ch4nmsaukhincPhpbcvocucchinnngn(chintranhthgiilnthnht
ND).AnhdngnhcrtnhiumiquanhvinhiungitrongcicngngngiVit
NamtpnhamtiPhpthiimbaogmctrthc,cngnhn,vbinhlnhbbtsang
phcvmuquctrongthikchintranh.Hunhkhngcaibitanhlaivtun,
mt con ngi hon ton b n. Tn ca anh khng c trong h s lu tr v c tr t ng
Dng.TrongthigianchitintcgitphaPhngNhtingDng,Bthuca
phigprtcmtnhnviniutravconngibnny,mtnhnvtmixuthintrn
chnhtrngParis.
AnhthngktnmnhNguyn i Quc (Nguyn,ngiyunc) vivtr lidin
cho nhm nhng ngi Vit nam yu nc. Anh hnh x vi mt phong thi tht t nhin,
mnhdnlinhtrctipviccnghs,ccphionndhinghhobnhParisvcc
ch bo. Thm ch thng 9 nm 1919 anh cn trc tip lin h vi Albert Sarrault, ton quyn
PhptingDngmitrvncsaukhihthnnhimk[2].Thngipmanhmang
ngysciviccnhchctrchPhp.AnhtrctipgiththnhcuvitaYu
schcanhndnAnNamticcibiuthamgiahinghhobnhqucttiParis,mt
dinnchnhtrm27onibiuhpcngnhaulpramttrttthgiimisau
cucichinlnthnht.McdthcslctcibiunongoinhngngiPhp
bitcVitNamnmutrnbnthgii,nhngcngcmtsonibiub
thigianthngbochoanhvvichnhncthnhnguynthny.ngchll
thphcpvitrtlchsvtrangtrngcaitHouseidinchotngthngMWilson
gi,cngnhmtlthphcpkhccgibicamtnhngoigiaoNicaragoa[3].Hi
nghhobnhthuhtcsthamgiacanhiunhhotngchnhtrtrnthgii,t
IrelandnTriuTin,ttcubytmongmunchosclpcaqucgiamnh.Mcd
ng trn quan im ca ngi Php, chuyn i c lp ca Vit Nam ti thi im l
DinVvHoiAn
28
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
khngtng,nhngivinhngngiVitnamyunc,thcthlchics
thayi.CcchNgavPhsuyyu,cntngthngMWilsonhaschmdttnh
trngngoigiaotrongbmt,trongnhngnhqutchaychnhtrgiatronghonggiahay
chnhphccncChuucthtquytnhtxasphncahngtriungidncc
ncthuca.
BnyuschcangidnVitNamkugicccngqucchinthngtrongichinth
gii ln th nht hy gi ng li ha ca h v v mt k nguyn mi ca lut l v cng
bngchonhngngidnthuca.Bnyuschnycngxuthintrongmtbibongn
trntrang3catbotheoxuhngdnchxhiLHumanit,ngy18thng6nm1919.
Mtbnbocovinhngihivdnchvnhnquynrtvaphi.lnhngihi
v:
1) Trtdochottcnhngtnhnchnhtrtrongnc.
2) CitlihthngphplutngidnngDngcbnhngtrcPhplut
nhivingiChuu.
3) Tdongnlunvtdoboch.
4) Tdolphi.
5) Tdodicvrancngoictr.
6) Tdomcctrngdykthutvdynghticctnhginhchodnbnx.
7) Thaythlutcaitrbngphptr.
8) ngh c dn biu do dn Vit Nam bu ra trong ngh vin Php c th ni ln
nhngnguynvngvmongmuncanhndnbnx.
Bnyuschnyck:idinchonhmngiVityunc,NguyniQuc.
TuynhinvothiimgiicmquyntiPhpkhnghcnhbunglngquynlc
kimsotthucacngnhmngsngcangidnthucatibtcuchodl
ngiAlgeria,CampuchiahayVitNam.NcPhpvabcrakhimtcucchinmmin
bccahbtnphnngn,mtinguynccncthucacvaitrrtquantrng
i vi vic pht trin v khi phc kinh t Php sau chin tranh. Vy nn chnh quyn Php
cmthysctrcsxuthinvbnyuschcamtngidnthuca,btngxuthin
trongcuchpcanhngngichinthng,vltnhinchnhphPhpkhngpngli
bnyuschnymxemnnhmthnhngiltchnhquynthuca.Hcngkhai
trnphngtintruynthngnhncxembnyuschkialmtsbngb[4].Trongh
shingoiPhp(FrenchOverseaArchives),nhiutiliuchothychnhquynPhpgn
nhngaylptctmcchphthinranictrcaNguyniQucvcngitheodianh
sutthigianParisnm1919vcsaunychonnm1923.plichindchkuginhn
quynchongiVitthng6nm1919,bphnqunlbinhlnhngiVittiPhpthnhlp
bphnServicedeRenseignerment(SR)dischhuycaPierreArnoux[5].ChimcaSR
trtrnvonhmbnbngiquencaNguyniQuc,ghilivbocovccbuini
chuyncaanh[6].Hthuthpccbibo,thtmanhnhgivVitNam,viclmca
DinVvHoiAn
29
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
hnhthchoanhthyrngcchthcduynhtcthchnglichnhquynbohlhot
ngbmt.
Vo ma thu nm 1919, thng tin tnh bo thu thp c cho php chnh quyn Php xy
dngcbcchndungbanuvngiVitbnkia:
Nguyn i Quc t nhn mnh sinh ra Nam n, Ngh An, hin ang cng Phan Vn
Trng,dngnhhcAnhvsngkhong10nm,iuhnhmtnhmngiVit
yunckhngcthanhn, dngnhanhtathaythPhanChuTrinhvPhanVn
Trngtrongvaitrny.Hychobitnhngthngtinmccngicnbit,cnthuthpvcon
nginy[7].
MtchimngiVitkhccbdanhlEdouardcungcpthngtintnthtcaQucl
NguynVnThnh,gnngsovitnmchacaQucgianhlctrngthnhNguynTt
Thnh(Nguynngisthnhcng).PhnlnnhngthngtincnlicungcpbiEdouard
usailch(cl ldochnhQuccungcp)trongchobitQucquNngv hin
angsngnhvotintrcptgianhkhgicaanh[8].nthng12nm1919,mtv
Phpthngxuynqualivtheodimihnhngtis6VilladesGoblins.lmt
khunhyntnhnmtrongmtngctphangnamParis,nicmtanhthanhnint
xnglQuccngvilutsPhanVnTrngvnhsphubluyPhanChuTrinh.
i vi nhng ngi Vit yu nc chng quc, hai tr thc h Phan l nhng ngi ni
tingngknhtrng,thmchiviPhanChuTrinhlstnth.PhanVnTrngtngb
btvothikuxyrachintranhnm1914vbbuctilhtrvhptcviphng
DinVvHoiAn
30
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
tro u tranh khi ngha chng li thc dn Php ti ng Dng. Phan Chu Trinh cng b
nghi ng l tham d vo cc k hoch ni lon ng Dng ni trn v lin lc vi
ngic.ChnhvldomPhanChuTrinhtngbculutinhtChercheMiditi
trungtmParis.Mcdvynhnglibuctihainhtrthcnybdbchsau1nm
khi nhn chng chnh yu ngi Vit b tm thn v khng th lm chng trc to [9]. Th
nhngchnhquynPhpvnnghirnghcti[10].iviPhanVnTrng,snghing
nycthxutphtttruynthngphnkhngniloncagianhng.Haingianhem
cangbkttiluyvlaongkhsaivthamgiavnhbomlmchthais
quan ch huy qun i Php Bc K (mt trong rt nhiu v nh bom c thc hin bi
nhng ngi theo Phan Bi Chu, lc by gi ang lu vong nc ngoi). Chuyn i nm
1913caPhanVnTrngsangAnhgpJosephThanh,mtphivincahongtCng
,cnglmtngsnghingny[11].PhaPhpcngrtngishiubitvthngtuca
Phan VnTrng,mt ngic otolmphindchti HNi, nhnhngnmthng
hclut ti Paristrthnh ngi ckh nngtranh lun chnhtr ht scscsov nhy
bn.
BnthnPhanChuTrinhnPhpnm1911saukhicnxkhinhtvthamgiavo
vicng hvkhuyn khch phongtroutranhi gim su thuca nngdntrung k
nm 1908. Trong nm u Paris, cng vic ch yu ca Phan Chu Trinh l u tranh nhm
bucchnhphthucaPhpphitrlitdochoccngchcamnh.BivitToncnh
cucnidycanngdntrungklnnsnpnngncathcdnPhpivinhng
nginngdnthamgiautranhigimsuthucdchsangtingphpbiJules
Roux(mtnhhotngxhitheohngdnchxhi,ngicanthipvidincho
Phan Chu Trinh lc ng b bt vo t) [12]. Chnh ph Php lo s nh hng ca Phan Chu
Trinh ti cc sinh vin Vit Nam ti Paris thi trc chin tranh v c gng c lp ng khi
nhngnhhotngcchmngngikhcangtphptikhuphLatin[13].Mcdvy
nhng c gng ca chnh quyn Php khng mang li thnh cng no. Nm 1912, Phan Chu
TrinhvPhanVnTrngthitlpcmtculcbngiVitthngttpnhauti
cc qun Cafe hay qun n Tu ti Montparnasse, ni h khng ch ni nhng chuyn thng
thng ca cuc sng tha hng, Trinh lun cho rng mnh khng dnh dng g n cc m
mu chng li thc dn Php ca Phan Bi Chu v hong t Cng . chng minh s
trongschcamnhthmchTrinhcngichobthucamtlthcahongtCng
gi cho ng nm 1913 [14]. Nhng li chng chng li ng c th l do chnh quyn qun s
thu dt nn. Nhng chnh ngi phin dch cho ng vo nm 1915 khai rng Phan Chu
Trinh nhn tin trc tip t c ca chnh ph c thng qua hai phi vin ca hong t
CnglTrngDuyTonvVn[15].Ngichimcngchobittrongtrng
hpxyranilontiVitnamchnhphchascpthmtinthngquangicah
Trung Quc. Quan im xem Phan Chu Trinh l mt ngi vn ng bng li ni v bi vit
hnlngithamgiatchccckhochnidytrncllquanimgnvisthtnht.
Ngicmunhmiuhnhngdng(mPhanChuTrinhlmtthnhvin)vit
nhsaulncptrncamnh:Nucmtngisinhvinhayhcsinhtrtuinging
DinVvHoiAn
31
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Dng,thivianhtaPhanChuTrinhlngichbitdngliniutranhchkhng
philhnhng,nhtlkhinungisinhvinhayhcsinhtrtuinycmilinhvi
nhngngiTrungQuc,Nht...n,nhngktncaccphngthcutranhcc
oanhn[16].
VicPhanVnTrngvPhanChuTrinhthamdvonhngchuynnidyqunhnh
thnovncnliucharrng.Bngchngtcohcuicngkhngcscthuytphc
vkchimmcbnhvbcm.Saukhicthkhitnm1915,trcpchnhphcho
Phan Chu Trinh b ct v ng buc phi t kim sng bng ngh in trng nh. S quy ri
thngxuyncacnhstPhplmngkhngmytintngnavotnglplnhoca
muquc[17].PhanVnTrngthbbtbuclmvicchoqunivitcchlmtthng
dchvintikhovkhToulousevsaukhicgiingnm 1918,ng btuhnh ngh
luts.Chonnhngnmcuicacucchinhaingithnhlpnnmtnhmngi
VitmictnlHingiVityunc.
QuanhcaNguyniQucivihaisphuhPhanlkhngrrngdiconmtca
nhng ngi ngoi cuc. Ngi thanh nin vi ci tn ny ch ng tui con ca Phan Chu
Trinhvchachothychtphmchthcgino.SoviPhanVnTrng,anhchnhmt
ngidnqulntnh.Doskhcbitnhvynnsaunynhiungisaunychorng
thcchtQucchlngiatin,mangthngipvidinchohainhhotngchnh
tr nitinghnkiamthi. Nhtrthctheophi TrostkitH Hu Tngtronghikca
mnh vit rng, mi tng ca nhm l do Phan Chu Trinh a ra, sau Phan Vn
TrngvnhngngikhcdchsangtingPhp,cnQucmangccbivitncctoson
bo.McdngTngkhngclinhtrctipnovinhmtrn[18],nhngtronghs
caphngnhPhpcngchothymtchimngiVitcbdanhlChimJeancng
ccngktlunnhvytrongmtbococamnhlnthanhtraArnouxvonm1919.Ch
imJeanbocoArnouxrngQucchngquachlkcmubnhnthngminhc
ngy trang bng nhng s b n nhm lm tng v kh knh. Nguyn nhn l hin Phan Chu
TrinhvPhanVnTrngangbtheodibiphplutnnQucbygicngvailnh
o[19].
Phn ln nhng bn bo co ca cnh st Php th li nhn nhn anh Quc b n nh l mt
ngi c tri thc v kinh nghim x hi bn cnh hai h Phan ch khng phi l mt ch b
ngy ng. Vo cui nm 1919, Ch huy qun i ng dng ti Php, Pierre Guesde, li tin
rng Quc thc s l mt nh hot ng chnh tr. Nhng bn bo co m tng Guesde c
ctnhngchimcangtachothyQuclmtngitchccutranhchoquyn
conngiVitnam,mtnhhotngchnhtrvitmhuytbvokhimkhuytvkhng
chchnhotobibn.CcbnbocochothyQucthngxuynlinhvicci
biutheochnghadntcndhinghhobnhtIreland,TrungQuc,vTriuTin.Cc
bnghibocovnhngcucnichuyncaQucvibnbtronghingiVitchothy
anhnhnthccrtrnhngvnmdntcanhangphihngchuvnhnthcny
chusnhhngsuscccquanimcaPhanChuTrinh.Lyvdvothng12,chim
DinVvHoiAn
32
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
vinngiVitEdouard,cllmtvinchcngiVittrongbthucagimtbn
tngtrnhdi11trangvmtbuititis6VilladesGobelins.Phnucabnboconi
v cuc ni chuyn vi Nguyn i Quc v vn chuyn ton quyn ng Dng mi tr v
ncsaukhihthnnhimk,AlbertSarraut,ngisaunytrthnhbtrngbthuca,
vnhngkhochcitcangta.
Edouard vit Quc gn nh hon ton tn ng vi cc chnh sch ng Dng ca ton
quynSarrautcbitlvicthitlpmththnggiodckiuPhpvxydnghthng
ngxelagipkhaithccckhurngAnNamvLo.Anhtavittipnhngnhnnh
theolicaQuc:
QucningiAlbertSarrautchoxydngmtihcvmttrngtrunghcHni,
iuttnhngmichlskhiu.Vi20triudnngDngchngtacnkhng
phil1trngtrunghcml20thmch30trngtrunghc.Ngidncnphicgio
dcbtbuc,bivchnhhtonnngotnglpqunchngchkhngphigiithng
lucaxhi...nhiungicvincthiutinbcgiithchvvnphttringiodc
ngDngvhscnsdngldonychnglitonquynknhimtiptccngvic
mngiAlbertSarrautbtu[20]
KhiPhanChuTrinhnvthamdvocucnichuynthngvEdouardtiptcbnlun
v chnh sch tng lai v nhng yu sch ngi dn thuc a c th i hi t ton quyn
mi,MauriceLong.Nguyni Qucxenngangvchorngngidnthucalischng
bao gi c g nu ch bng cch a yu sch v ch s nhn nhng ca thc dn Php,
Qucni:Tisao20triungbochngtalikhngthlmgbucchochnhquynthc
dn phi trao tr li nhn quyn? chng ta u l ngi c vy phi c i x bnh ng?
nhngkkhngchuixbnhngvitathphicoichnglkth.PhanChuTrinhquay
raquliQucvsbpchp:Thanhmunngbocachngtakhngtcsttrongtay
iulivingiTyphngvivkhtitn?nghitipTisaocphiyngi
dnchtmtcchvnghamchngthucktquno?[22].Quanimutranhbtbo
lccaPhanChuTrinhrrnginghchviquanimbongcaPhanBiChu,msau
nyQuctipthu,cngnhanhtipthuquanimcabctinbicamnhvvicpht
trin kinh t v gio dc. Nhng anh nhanh chng ri b quan im ca Phan Chu Trinh v
phngphpyuschinhnquyntronghobnhmtcchnhnhng,tbc,vbnb
[23].
cmtbctranhhonchnhvkhchquanvconngimsaunylHChMinhtithi
imminParis,theoquanimcachngti,chngtacnphibtuvicctiliuv
bngchngcungcpbiPhngNhPhp.Saulnngctrlinhngnmthngtrct
khianhriVitnamnm1911nkhianhxuthindicitnNguyniQuc.Saukhicn
nhcccbngchng,chngtichorngchotithiimnm1919,ngHlmtnhhot
ngchnhtrckinhnghim,vnghotngtchcctrongkhongthigianchunb
chovaitrcamnhsaunytrongcngcucgiiphngdntcthotkhichhcathc
dn Php. Mc d r rng, Phan Vn Trng l tc gi ca bn ting Php bn yu sch ca
DinVvHoiAn
33
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
nhndnAnNamgitihinghhobnhtiParis,vltcgicaphnlnccbibok
tnNguyniQucvonm1919,thHclcnglmtnhnttchcctrongvicthc
yphongtroinhnquynchonhndnngDngvothiimthng6tiParis.
ThctcnglligiithchtrongcunttruyncaH(lytnlTrnDnTinND):tc
gi ni chnh ng l ngi a ra cc tng cho bn yu sch, nhng Phan Vn Trng l
ngi son bng ting Php, bi bn thn H ti thi im khng c kh nng vit ting
Phpmtcchtritry[24].NgithanhnintrtxnglNguyniQucchngtcc
knngtchcchnhtrivicngngngiVitvtlntrncchuynvittuynngn
haythng.
Mt trong nhng u mi ca cho vic chng minh kinh nghim chnh tr ca H trc nm
1919chnhlvicanhtngcnhnglinhvionTriuTinhinghhobnhParis.
ChimJeanbocorngQuchccrtnhiutngtphongtroiclpca
TriuTin[25].HidntcTriuTinhotngMbtuchindchutranhic
lptNhtbngnnhngaykhitngthngMWoodrowWilsonrabntuynb14imvo
thnggingnm1918.LikugitraotrclpchohtNhtbncaravongy12
thng5nm1919,chkhongmtthngtrckhibnyuschcanhndnAnNamxuthin
tiParis. MttboTrung Qucin Tianjin, tYishibao,ra ngy 18 v 20thng 9 nm 1919
ngbiphngvnNguyniQuctiParis,giithchrngQuctraoikinhnghimv
tngvionTriuTintrongmtchuynanhsangthmncM[26].Tcgicabibo,
cllmtNgiHoahayTriuTinsngtiMmtQucnhmtidincaVitNam
tihinghhobnhtiParis.Trongphngiithiubibovit:
PhngvintiMqualigiithiucahaiidincachnhphlmthiTriuTinlKin
TchongWenvKimKoeiChocchiphngvnNguyniQuc.NguyniQuctui
khong30trngtrtrungvmnhbo;AnhcthnictingAnh,tingPhp,vcting
Hoa;anhgpidinKimcaonTriuTintrongthigiananhM,anhnivcc
vnclpdntcvtintngrngtnhhnhcahainckhcnhauvdocthc
nhngcchikhcbitcaringmnh[27].
Trongbiphngvnny,HChMinhchothyrvicayuschrahinghhobnh
ch l bc i ban u, bn tm tt ting Php ca cuc phng vn ny cng ch r:Bn yu
schcaanhtatihinghrtccthtbixonganhtavntiptctrongnlccamnh
gpgnhiunhnvtchnhtrvgycschcamts[28].Bntmttcntrch
liNguyniQuc:bncnhvicabnyuschraccnghvin,ticntchccvnng
snghtnhiuni.ngdnchxhikhnghilngvicchnhngcachnhphv
cnhnghchngti.lhyvngduynhtchngtictiPhp.ivisvnng
cachngtivicctnckhcthchnhncanh(ncM)lninghchngtinhit
thnhnht...[29].
BphnSRcaPhptiBcKinhgibndchtingPhpcabiphngvnnyvParis
kmtheonhnxtsau:
DinVvHoiAn
34
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Trongim9bocohmmng5thng6tiluccngivtboTrungQucYiChe
Pao(Yishibao),trongnhiunmvinhiubiviphmnghimtrngvoquynliqucgia
caPhpvcangDng.Thngtvaquatbonychongmtbntuynngnca
ngiVit.Qunghnna,trongkhicchotngphnkhngliquniNhtBngn
ytiBcKinhdocucmphnvTsingTaogyra,tbonychongnhiubibokt
tiPhpbmtcuktvthohipviNhttrongthigianchintranh...[30]
QuanhcatboYishibaoviphngtroyunccangiVitcthddngnhnthy,
nht l bn thnHongt Cng tngng nhiubibotrn bo nyvini dunggn
gingnhbnyuschcadnAnNamkia.Ccbncopycaccbibotrntnyxuthin
trntngcacctricngnhnTrungHoaMarseillethng6nm1919[31].Hnivich
imJeanrnganhbnvionidinTriuTingibnyuschcamnh(hayca
Phan Vn Trng?) ng trn t bo Tianjin [32]. Dng nh c s phi hp no
gianhnggxyraParisvnhngngitheophicaCng,PhanBiChuTrung
Quc.
MttrongnhngthchthccnphigiiquytiviquanimnhnnhnHChMinhnh
mtnhhotngchnhtrckinhnghimnm1919ltheotrnhtthigiancanhngnm
ubnbahingoicang,thHmichnParisvonm1917vsngmkhng
gynnschnocanhchctrchchonkhixyraskintihinghhobnhquct.
HtrchontonkhngcvaitrgtrongnhmngiVityuncPhp.Thmmtl
dochosnghingvgithuyttrnlccmiquanhcagianhngHvbnthnng
viPhanChuTrinhvPhanBiChukhngclmrchontnnm1992.Visthiu
htthngtinvbicnhnhvy,thtkhtinlmtanhphbp,mtngilaongchntay
nhtrongcchtuyntruyncangcngsnvngHthitraitrlicthnhanhchng
binhothnhngiidinchomtphongtroyunc.Diychngtiscgngct
nghaiuny.
VvnngythngtiPariscaQuc,clbngchngngtincynhtchnhlhsca
cnh st Php, ghi nhn anh n Paris vo thng 6 nm 1919 t London [33]. Thng tin
tronghschobitHnParisngy7thng6nm1919tLondon,banuanhs10rue
de Stockholm sau l s 56 rue M. le Price, v tip theo l s 6 Villa des Gobelins. Nu c
lng trn bo ch Triu Tin v cuc gp mt ca H vi on i din Triu Tin M l
chnhxc,thchcchnkhngphilchuyndngchntincMcaHNewYork
khianhcnlmtphbp.Thiimlvothng12nm1912,khianhvitthchoton
quynHutmcchgitinchochamnh.McdlthcdntemgitNewYork,
HlighiachcamnhlachbuintiLeHavrevnhnmnhlmtthuth[34].
TithiimQucchacthigianhctingAnh,anhmichrikhitncmnh
c mt nm ri. Theo cch nhn nhn ca chng ti, thi im Quc gp on i din ca
Triu Tin M ch c th l gia nm 1917 v 1918, khi cc nhm Triu Tin yu nc hot
ngtchcchntiM.ChacbngchngnochothyQucsngPhptrongthigian
nynhngbnthnQuctngkhaiboviQucTIIIlanhtnglmvicchomtgianh
DinVvHoiAn
35
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
giucBrooklynvonm1917v1918.TiliutrncaQucTIIIcngghirlanhn
Phpnm1919.Thngtinnyngkhnghibitrongcngbnkhaibotrn,nhngthngtin
khcQuccungcpvmnhchoQucTIIIulccthngtingimo,vdQuckhaimnh
sinhnm1903mmnhchtnm1910[35].CngcthQuccathngtintrnlphns
thtcitrangchonhngthngtingimocnli.Thngtincarabinhhotng
chohobnhDavidDellingernm1969cngchothynhiukhnngngHnMsaunm
1916.HChMinhni viDelllingerrngthigianM,ng tngthamdbuidin
thuytcaMarcusHarveyHarlem[36].BnthnHarvey,ngilnhophongtrotrv
Phi Chu cng ch n M t nm 1916 t Jamaica. Trong nhng nm 1917 v 1918, Harvey
thngxuynccccucdinthuytvvnchngtctiHarlem,cbitsaukhitchc
Ku Klux Klan (3K t chc khng b phn bit chng tc ti M ND) c thnh lp nm
1915.HChMinhnm1924vitmtbibomtnhngcuchnhhnhngidaenca
3KtiminnamncMcthnhngthngtinmHcltccbuithamdcccuc
dinthuytcaHarvey[37].
NungnhgithuytHcmilinhvinhmyuncngiTriuTintiMnm
1917hay1918,thnancuhi:Liuanhthanhninnythamgiavochnhtrtnhc
trnconngbnbadulchvngquanhthgiicamnh(vitcchlthuth,phbp
ND)? Hay anh ra nc ngoi vi mc ch tm ng cu nc? Vo thi im nm 1911 v
1917liuanhcphilmtthnhphnthamdtrongphngtrohotngcchmngic
lp cho t quc mnh? i vi chnh quyn Php, h c cu tr li vo nm 1920 khi cui
cng h tm ra anh v ch ca Quc. Nh chc trch cui cng phc tho ra c chn
dungcamtngingngdotinsgianhvccmiquanhcagianhanhta.
CanhvchcaHChMinhutngbktnlaongkhsaivthamgiaphngtro
utranhkhixungbiPhanBiChu.Chcangnhlilnm1915bnhnctinH
angLondon.AnhtraiHthkrngHtngnhphcQucHcHu,nhngsau
b hc ngay sau khi cha h mt chc quan huyn. Anh thanh nin H (lc l Nguyn Tt
ThnhND)sautiPhanThit,lmtrgiotitrngtthcDcThanh,clpnn
bimtihucaPhanChuTrinh[39].CanhvchcaHukhairngHcmtvtso
taidomttainnhinh(vtsophatrntaitricaHsaunytrthnhmtduhiuch
yucnhstPhpnhndngng)[40].
SaukhitmranhhotngchnhtrbnHlthnhvincagianhNguynSinhHuy,
ngiPhpnhanhchngxcnhcccthngtinkhc,ccbnbocovccthngtin
linquannHtrcnm1919chothycsbinchuyntrongconnginynhth
no.CHvanhcangbHiutrngtrngQuchcHugilnkhintrchvthi
thnghchvingiPhptrongthigiandinraccskinlnxntiHu(biutnhca
nng dn ND) nm 1908 [41]. iu ny trng khp vi thng tin cung cp bi ch im
Edouard,ngibocoviPhngNhPhprngQuctngHukhixyraskinnm
1908vQuctthikhngdungthvihnhngcangiPhptrongskin.Anh
ta ni rng anh ta trc tip chng kin cnh ngi dn Vit nam biu tnh vi tay khng
DinVvHoiAn
36
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
trctonquyntiHuphniviclaongkhsaicngbc(isuND)vngi
Phpxsngbnvongidngiitnbiutnh[42].
CcbnboconycngchothysnhhngngkcasnghipcthnsinhrangH
nnsphttrincaNguynTtThnh/NguyniQuc.McdngNguynSinhHuy
thiPhBngnm1901cngnmviPhanChuTrinh,nhngngkhngcmtslinh
cngkhainoviccphongtrocchmngyuncdnnnhngcucbiutnhigim
t,gimthuTrungknm1908.Nm1919,ngcbnhimlmchihuynmthuyn
mickhaikhntnhBnhnh(huynBnhKhND)[43].Thnhngchsauvithng
lmquan,ngdnhvomtvscandal.ngbbuctixnhnmtnngdnm
sau ngi ny cht, c l l do trn n qu nng. Nm 1910, Huy b chnh quyn tnh
ging4cp,vgnnhmtngunthunhptlngbng.BnthnHuychorngcichtca
nginngdnkiachnglinquangntrnnpht[44].NhngPhngNhPhptiHu
bocorngHuyphmtingsttronglcangsayru[45].Thnggingnm1911,Huy
xinphpvoSiGnGianhkimsng,nhngcnhstPhptchivnghingHuyc
cmtnhvdnhluviPhanBiChuvPhanChuTrinh.idinmtvPhpHunhn
xt:Contraingta2nmtrctngtbinmt,cllangminnam,cthNguyn
SinhHuyvovimcchltmconvgpPhanChuTrinhchkhngphinthun
lkimsng[46].Khngisngcachnhquyn,Huyttmnmiquanhviquan
li ngi Vit Hu v c cho i nh bng ng bin vo nam t Nng vo ngy 26
thng2.TonquynHuthngbocthngtincungcptphatonrng:Mcch
chuynicangta(Huy)khngr rng,cngini rngmc ch chuyn ica Huy l
chuynthngtingipmtsbnbcacongingta.ngnghnlthiimchuyn
icaHuydinrangaysauccchuynicacongingta,gilcBchLin,tiHuv
QungNgi,saunhiunmsngtilngquKimLin[47].
Liu Nguyn Sinh Huy c cm tnh hay dnh lu g n phong tro i ci t ca Phan Chu
TrinhhayphongtrobongcaPhanBiChuhaykhng?ylcuhivnchaccu
tr li. Mc d vy chng ti c th khng nh, ng c gng gi cho l lch ca ban thn
mnhhontontrongschtrongmtngiPhpchotithiim.Chngtacngkhngth
bit r vic mt chc ca ng nh hng n con trai t ca ng n u. Mc d vy, nh
DanielHemerychravicmtchcnythuhpkhnngchnlacaNguynTtThnh,
lmchovichchnhtrongmttrngdanhtinglQuchcHucaanhbgiangd(do
khngctinnghcND).VicNguynTtThnhnlmvictitrngDcThanh,mt
ngitrngcxydngtheokhuynhngcaPhanChuTrinh,vivicgingdykinthc
hin i bng ting Php v ch Quc Ng, cho thy c l Nguyn Tt Thnh tham gia
phongtrocanhtndohPhankhixngtnm1909.ChtrngDcThanhthmchcn
chothnhlpnhmysnxutncmm,theolikugicaPhanChuTrinhvphttrin
bunbnvthamgiathngmiivingibnx.BngvicndytrngDcThanh,
NguynTtThnhnhhngtnglaicamnhitheoconngcaPhanChuTrinh,
lcnybtrcxutkhitncnhmttiphmqucgia.Chacaanh,ngichng
DinVvHoiAn
37
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
kinsbtlcvlchucaccsphuototheonngiodcTrungHoadiscaitrca
Phpnhthno,cllngikhuynkhchanhitheoconng.
Vounm1911,ThnhvotiSiGn,vtheohcmtlpotothckh,theolik
caanhcaanh[49].NunhngnghingcangiPhplccsthclchacaThnh
vonSignvothng3vgpPhanChuTrinhtrckhihPhanlntusangPhpvo
cuinm.NhtrthcmicthtPhanChuTrinhcthmangthngtinvnhngs
phubgiamcmtiPouloCondore,cbitlnhmsphugcNghAn.CDanielHemery
vThuTrangGasparduchorngNguynTtThnhvchacaanhgpvbnbcvi
PhanChuTrinhvkhochaThnhrancngoihctp[50].TtThnhcuicngtm
cngnChuutrncontuLatoucheTreville,vicngviccamtphbp;saukhi
chaanhbbichcanhkhngchyvnggtrongvicxinctitrtchnhphchochuyn
sangchuucamnhnhivitrnghpcacaPhanChuTrinh.Mcdvykhngc
ldotinrngdnhiChuucaThnhchllmphbphaylaongchntay
trntuvonhngnmsau.
Vothng9(nm1911),haithngsaukhinMarseille(vothng7),Thnhcmthnh
ngrtgingvimtngitheoconngcaPhanChuTrinh.Anhgimtlthntng
thng Php xin c vo hc trng thuc a, mt ni o to quan li, chc sc cho chnh
quynccthuca.Anhvit:Tikhngctinbchaycacigvrthammunchc
hi. Ti mun tr thnh ngi c ch cho nc Php v vi Nhn dn mnh, mun gip
ngidnccscaitrtt.Rrnganhvitlthnyvisgipcamtngirnh
tingPhp[51].ivimtsnhnghincunhNguynThAnh,bcthvliltrong
cthhiulbytmongmuncangivitcchthnhmtquanliphcvcho
chnhquynthuca,vquynlicachnhquynthuca[52].Mtkhccngcthhiu
nguynvngnynhtqunvichinthutmPhanChuTrinhthngkhuynkhchccthanh
nin,trthctheomnh,lutranhtrongshptc,trongkugithanhnin,trthc
VitNamhyhctptruynthngvvnhodnchcangiPhpphcvchoquyn
licadntcmnh.TithiimNguyniQuctnglaihyvngrnggiilnho
caocpnhtcaPhpsnhgianhdatrntinhthnvphmchtmanhcchkhng
phi anh vi t cch l con ca mt quan li mi b cch chc. Nhng yu cu ca anh li b
chuynntonquynHu,vngnychrarnganhkhngchutndngchi
chctpngaychnhbnx(nianhThnhtbtrngQuchcHuND)[53].
VictchinhphckhnglmtiutankhtvnghchnhcaH,nhnglmthayicon
ngngtciu.HinchngticngchabitrrngngHcthamgiamt
khohcbibnnoAnhhaykhng,haynghctingAnhvchnhtrvthucathng
quathcvtraoingoigingng.Vicphikimsngtronghoncnhtrongtaykhng
cg clbucanhphitiptccucphulutrnbintrong vinmsau.Thng11
nm1911,anhtmcchgitinvchochacamnhtClayton[54].Lthmchngticp
ontrcllthgit New York vothng 12 nm1912. Bcthanh ginton
quynPhptiHugiithchrnganhmungimtphnlnghngthngcamnhchocha
DinVvHoiAn
38
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
nhnghinkhngbitngangu.Anhvit:Tikhngbitphilmthnona,tich
hyvngmongngigipvngilngiquanbohnhitthnhvitncchngti
[55].GingiuhmnhivingiPhptrongththhinthikhimnhngcamt
ngitheokhnggiongthicngcthlskhnngoantronghnhx.Nuichiuvi
gingiucaanhivingiPhptrongcclthanhgichoPhanChuTrinhsauth
cthchorngthihmnhtrncaanhlmtsgiv.
Vonm1913hocunm1914,HChMinhdngnhribcucsnglangthangtrn
bin vquytnhnhcAnh.Anhkli trongmtbcbuthipgiPhan ChuTrinh
Parisl anh tm c ch hcngn ng lm vic cho ngiTyPhngcmt
thngrivlunsdngngnngcah.Anhvittip:Sngycngkhngkhcmy
Php.Chuhyvngrngtrongkhong4n5thngnakhichugpch(bc?)tingAnh
cachuskhhnnhiu[56].TrongthtrnanhachcamnhlkhchsnDrayton
Court, West Ealing, ti im ng st sang pha Ty ri khi London. C th d dng chp
nhn gi thuyt anh Thnh lm vic nh mt ph bp trong ci khch sn ng st ny
(mcdvyhinchacbngchngnochngtanhtnglmphbpchoubpniting
EscoffierkhchsnCarlton,nhcktrongcunschcaTrnDnTin).Trongmtbu
thip khc gi cho Phan Chu Trinh, ln ny a ch gi l S 8 ng Stephen, Tottenham
CourtRoad,London,anhchngtrngmnhvnquantmvtheodiyccskindin
ra chu . Anh vit: Ng i cng quc ang tranh u. Chn nc ang c chin tranh.
Chutnhinnhliiuchunivibcmythngtrcvmtcnbochnhtrsp
n.Sphnschochngtachngkinnhiuiubtngnasptivkhngaibitais
thngtrongcucchinny.Ccnctrunglpchathhinthicnccncthamchin
thkhngoncdnhcah.Trongbtktrnghpnonumtncthamgiathh
sbucphichnmtbnthamgia.(.)Clchngtannbnhtnhchxem[57].Rrng
vothiimPhanChuTrinhbbtParisnm1914,tingAnhcaHChMinhttv
chornganhcthtaranhngkincamnhvtnhhnhchnhtrthgii,theocch
nhnnhncaringmnhtLondon.
MtphncamtbcthkhcmHChMinhgichoPhanChuTrinhcnhnchng
trchdntrongphintoxtxPhanChuTrinhParis. NhnchngCaocMinh ni rng
thanhtatrchdnlmtbcthNguynTtThnhtrlithcaPhanChuTrinh.Dng
nhlthcgiisaukhiPhanChuTrinhbbt.Nhnchngkhairngrngtrong
bc th Nguyn Tt Thnh cam kt vi Phan Chu Trinh rng khng ch st thng cho
nhngthngkhcangbomnhmThnhnguynsitheovtiptccngviccaPhan
ChuTrinh[58].
Trong qu trnh iu tra cc mi lin h gia nhng ngi Vit lu vong v chnh ph c,
cnhstPhp pht hinra rng,ngoi TtThnh, cn cnhng ngi Vit namyunc
khcthucphicaHongtCngcngtngsngvhctptiLondon.Mttrongs
l Joseph Thnh, sau ny c xc nh l Lm Vn T ngi Nam k, n Singapore t
Hng Kng bng ng bin gp hong t Cng cng vi hai ngi Nam k khc,
DinVvHoiAn
39
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
nhngngisaunyutrthnhcphivinatincaCngChuu.Mttrong
haingiNamknyctnlTrngDuyTontnglchbinmttpchctinhthndn
tc, Lc tnh tn vn. Ngi c cho l thp tng Phan Chu Trinh trong chuyn sang
Paris[59].CnngiNamkcnlilVnY,mtgiovinMTho,nhcPhpv
thng xuyn c mi lin h vi Joseph Thnh, trong thi gian Thnh sng London. Chnh
quynPhptchthuc4bcthcaJosephThnhgiVanYnm1914,haitrongs
c gi t a ch ti ng Gower [60]. Hai l th cn li, mt a ch gi i t
Constantine Road ti Hampstead, London, v mt a ch gi t s 3 Conquest Road,
Bedford.NhngbcthnychothyJosephThnhangitingintCng.Nh
chngtabitchnhPhanVnTrngcngtngbnghinglthamdvocchotng
bmtnytrongphintonxng[61].
BngiPhpthcdcgigpktquiutravchvthngtincaJosephThnh,bc
trAnhqucvivngthngbochoParisbitrngJosephThnhvNguynTtThnhl
haianhemtuikhong18,19vrngTtThnhsngvhctiBedford.Chaingkvo
hctrngBchKhoaRegentStreet,vhquenmtngibnAnhtnGourd,ngi
cchamhinsng12ConstantineRoad.BnboconirngTtThnhrtthnvimtc
conginhGourdvnhmbGourdgipanhvohcvicticngtyIgranicElectric
Bedford.Bnbocoktlun:Vbngoichngcgchothyhthamdvomtmmu
haytchcchnhtrbmtno[62].SauPhngNhPhpxcnhrnganhemrut
viTtThnhhoralhLm,vrngLmVnTtcJosephThnhquaytrliNamK
[63].TithiimchacmnglichimngiVitcaPhngNhPhpLondon,do
khngrlbctrAnhcthcsxcnhngtntuivcchotngcaccthanh
ninnyhaykhng.KhngcldogchorngvicbctrAnhnhmlnJosephThnh
viNguynTtThnhlhaianhemvcngcchungchThnhtrongtn,vltnring
ch khng phi l h. Nhng dng nh khng th c chuyn c 2 Tt Thnh Anh ti thi
im . Ccmiquan h phc tpny cho chngtasnghi ng rngNguyn TtThnhl
mtthnhvincamtnhmihu,mtbnsaophngTycaphngtrongDu[64].
Trongcuntchuyncamnh,TrnDnTin(HChMinh)vitrngmtngithutli
rnganhcngviHChMinhthamgiamttchcngiVitbmttiAnhlclHi
LaongHiNgoi[65].TrongthigianThnhlnhnhtrnbinthnhanhvchca
anhthamgiaccphongtrocchmngkhixngbiPhanBiChu,iuanhtr
thnh mt ng c vin cho v tr lm phi vin ca Cng . Liu c phi l vo nm 1914
CngsdngstinquyngpctVitNam(vclctngic)htr
cho cc du sinh ngi Vit phng Ty? Liu c phi l ngu nhin m Nguyn Tt Thnh
xuthingnnhcngthiimvisxuthincaJosephThnhvhongtCngti
London?
Vothiimcuinm1916,tchuyncaHChMinhvitrngNguynTtThnhtrli
PhpgpPhanChuTrinhvPhanVnTrng.Mtcuckhinghanatrongncvab
dptt.HongtrDuytnbluyraoRunionxasi.Hhiccnghngca
mnh,vittrongcuntchuynbngmtngnngngin,VuaDuyTnngdykhi
DinVvHoiAn
40
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
ngha,NhndnThiNguyncngth,cnchngtaphilmg?.Tcgi(TrnDnTin
ND)vittip:NhngsaukhngaibitanhBaslmg[66].Nhngnmcuicacuci
chincllthiimthchhpccnhyuncnitingAnhcachutmcchlinh
vi M. Nhng nh yu nc ngi Hoa v c Triu Tin nhn c s ng h t nhng
ngictmnhhngcancM.Mcdvyngoibngchnglbitrliphngvn
trn bo Yishibao ni trn, th chuyn i ca H n nc M nm 19171918 vn ch l gi
thuyt.DuhiutiptheovsxuthincaNguynTtThnh/NguyniQucchnhlti
Parisvonm1919.
Vic tm kim cc bng chng, ti liu trong tng th khng l ca Php c th cho thy con
ngnvichnhtrngPariscangithanhninxuthinvicitnNguyniQuc.
Khi anh ni vi ch im vin Jean vo thng ging nm 1920 rng anh nghin cu k
chnh sch thuc a ca ngi M, ngi Anh, ngi Ty Ban Nha, anh ni vi v rt thnh
thc[67].QuanhthnthitcaanhvPhanChuTrinhcngnhPhanVnTrngclc
ttrccucchinthgiilnthnht.Cthmtldokohddngngnnhauchnhl
vhccngcnhng,cngcanh,chem,ngithnangphinmtronglaotcaPhp
hayangbluybitx.(Vmtnyclnhiunhnghincuviquanimxemhaihc
Phannhnhnghcgikhknh,nhngnhcchmngnhoinghcvianhthanhnin
non nt Nguyn i Quc, b qua). Mc d nhiu nm sau Phan Chu Trinh v Nguyn i
Qucc nhiu mibt ho vquanimchnh tr, nhng h vn lunixvinhau trong
tnhcmtntrngvctrchnhim.iviPhanVnTrng,miquanhcahtrnnrt
ttpchontnthiimhchiataynm1923.
Giiphpcptin(19201923)
HinghhobnhParisktthcvothnggingnm1920,visraicaLinonccquc
gia.NhngiviHChMinhvngbocamnhthhinghPariskthccngllckt
thchyvngcahrngccncDnChphngtyscngnhnquynclpcaVit
Nam.ChindchvnngtihinghhobnhParisthtbicngllcnhmngiVityu
ncbtutannxngh.Tnm1920kinhphhotngbtusuygimngk.c
thiimHphisngdavonguntitrcamtngisngtis6VilladesGobelinsc
tnlKhnhK,ngicmtcahngbunbngiynhtiRhineland(mcnhstcnnghi
ngngccchotnguttint).Cuinm1919,PhanVnTrngmvnphnglut
ti Mayence v tham gia bo cha cho cc qun nhn ngi Vit v Php ti to n qun s.
Ngoirangcngkimctinthngquavicthamdvitcchllutsvoccvtranh
chpvthngmigiaPhpvc[68].PhanChuTrinhcngnggpvoqunhmmt
phnthunhp30francs/ngycangtnghintrngnh[69].Nhngmtnhnvincab
thucactnlPhuBay,clchnhlchimEdouard,bocorngvothiim
nhmnythngmcccbnhnhvimphqun,holaodohkhngciukinkinht
chomtcucsngyvkhomnh[70].ngtakhngxemnhmnynhmtsedo
nghimtrngivihobnh,nnhngDng.
DinVvHoiAn
41
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
H Ch Minh thng xuyn phn nn vi cc ch im ca Phng nh trong cc cuc trao i

rng,vounhngnm20cathk, hu nhkhngmyaibitvngDng.ivi
nhng nh hot ng chnh tr quc t m anh tip xc, ngi th khng bit ng Dng
u,klicholmttnhnmgiaTrungQuc(China)vn(India).Anhnivichim
Jean:Chngtaphilmmlntngitabitmnhlai.NgitabitnhiunTriu
TinhnchngtalvngiTriuTinhlntingnhiuhnchngta.Mcdvyanh
cngnithmrnganhmunimtthigianxemccchnhschmicatntonquyn
Maurice Long nh th no [71]. Trong mt cuc gp mt quan trng ca nhng ngi trong
phongtrohobnhqucttiOrient,trongcbiphtbiuvthamdcaphtngth
kngdnchxhiMariusMautetvGiosFlicienChallayevidincaccnhm
yuncTriuTinvTrungQuc,QuccgngnuvnvquyntdocangiVit
Nam.Trongs1000ngithamdcucmiting,mtrongphnlnlngiTrungQuc,
ccthanhtraPierreArnoux.ngtaklirngQucphttnccbncopycabnyu
schcanhndnAnNamnccthnhvinthamd,tuynhinkhianhmunphtbiuth
ch to khng cho php anh lm vic ny. Arnoux vit: Thi v cch thc ginh bng
cquynphtbiucaQuclmnhiunginghnhngcngnhiungithamdla
chriuanhta[72].SauchnhHtchcmtcucmtingvanhphtbiuvitcch
lidincaNhmccnhcchmngVitNam.BiphtbiucaanhctalCuc
cchmngxhicanhndnphngngvyuschchomtncAnNamcithu
htcmtmngkhong70ngi,nhngngivtaynhitthnhchobiphtbiu
caanhkhinktthc[73].Mcdvy,trongsngithamdbiphtbiucaanhkhng
cailngiVit,iulmanhcmthykhngmunlmiutngtnhvynasau
ny. Khi ch im Jean gi cho Quc rng c th v ci tn Nhm cc nh cch mng Vit
Namlmchokiubongingnkhngmunthamd,Hlntingbovquanim
vcchlmcamnh.Ttnhintrongthctkhngtntimtnhmnoccitnnhvy,
nhngHniviJean:Chngtaphicgnghtscvcngphiditrmtchtgys
ch[74].
Vo thi gian H dnh nhiu thi gian ca mnh n c sch ti Bibliotheque St
GenevivegnPanthon.NhmtphntrongchindchvnngchnhtrcamnhHmun
inmtcunschmanhdnhttnchonlLesOpprims.lmchocunschcgi
trhcthuthnHquytnhstrchdnccnghincuvschcacctcgiPhpkhc.
MtvPhptmradanhschkhong13tiliuHmnvctrongccbivit
caPhanChuTrinhtngtrnhvccskindinraTrungknm1908vcctiliuv
chnhschtichnh,suthu,cngnhvnngnghipmngiPhpara[75].Anhtm
cchkimtinincunschcamnhbngcchtmcchlmtrlthuchomtngino
theokhuynhhng dn chx hi, cho nthng 9 anhvn hy vngrng MarcelCachin
lm vic t bo LHumanit s gip in cun sch ny [76]. Th nhng cc hot ng
chnhtrcaanhbtngtdnontthng8khianhphivovinvbxngtyvaiphi
[77].Khngrcphiltriuchngchothyanhnhimbnhlaohaykhng,nhngnm
sauanhbcahiunhchothivicvhktlunanhbbnhlao[78].
DinVvHoiAn
42
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
KhingiPhpchcchnrngNguyniQucchnhlNguynTtThnh,htmra
ccchkimsotanh.TiPhp,htmcchngncnanhtipxcvinhngngiVit
Namkhc,vchotimathunm1920,hquytnhskhngchoanhrikhincPhp.
ChhuysphngnhngDngtiHni,RenRobinralnhkhngcpchiukhan(h
chiu)choH,ngginhcmquyntiPhpvnngVitkiukhuyngiiHnntkhai
bo nhn thntht ca mnhv has cph chiuv v cho H quayli VitNamnu H
chucngkhaithnhnnhnthnthtcamnhvchngminhiu.TuynhinHkhng
chulmtheoyucucacquanthmquyncaPhp.Ngy20thng9anhnncnh
sthchpnhvlylikhai,nhngngaysauanhnthngHiNhnQuynphn
nhrnganhbcnhstquyri,viphmnhnquyn[79].
NhcmquynPhpHnicngtinrngHskhngdmquaytrlingDngvsb
phtvtivtbintriphp.NhnghlilongirngHcthotusangmtnc
khc m theo nh M. Lacome vit trong th gi v Paris: Anh ta s thot hon ton khi s
kimsotcachngta,mtngikinnhnhthhnscnlmchngtaphibtngnhiu
ln.TtnhtlcanhtacitrangnhNguyniQuchinnayvtheodianhtathtst
xao[80].PiereGuesde,tngchhuyquningdngtiPhp,thmuncbinphpx
lmnhhniviHvccngchca anh.Vogianm20,Guesdethuthpc
n250hsnghivnlngiVit,trongngxemnhms6VillaDesGoblinlnhm
nguyhimnht[81].
Vic Guesdexem Hvnhmcaanhl cc phnt nguyhim nhtc v hikh hiu.C
quanmtvPhpthnhcngtrongvicclpanh,bnthnanhthvanghonnlibt
umyubnhtt(bnhlaoND).LdolvnhmVitnamnybtucmilinhvi
cnhccttrongngxhidnchPhp.Thng11nm1920,HvTrnTinNamtham
dmtbuimttingdongdnchxhiPhptchcknimngysinhnhtth3ca
LinX.Vongy3thng11,PhanChuTrinh,Hv3ngikhcangsngVillaDesGoblin
thamdbuimttingcaHingQucTIIIctchcbichib13cangcch
mngdnchxhi.Vongy19cngthng,Hcminthamdmtcucmitingca
cnhcctthucchib13Linoncchmngdnchxhi.Ticucgpmtnymtbui
bphiuchovicthamdcalinonvoQucTIIItiMoscowctinhnh[82].Mtv
PhpkhngchobitktqubphiunhngclHcquytnhringchomnhvvn
nytkhianhcntrntungy20thng12nm1920trnngnToursthamd
ihingcchmngdnchxhi.Anhidinchochib13,chibcnhvcnhm
xhidnchngDng[83].ChnhtiihiTours,phnlncconidinub
phiutnthnhvicranhpQucTIIIcngvinhngngiBolsevikNga,vtbQucT
IItheothin hngx hidnchm nhng ngi cptinchorngqu dntcsvanh
trongichinthgiilnthnht.VicthamdihiTourskhinchoHtrthnhmt
trongnhngsnglpvincangCngsnPhp.
MtbiboHvitngtrntLHumanittrckhiihiToursdinrachothyquanim
caanhvothiimny.(ClmtlnnabibolicvitdistrgipcaPhan
DinVvHoiAn
43
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
VnTrng.Ldolmtngingibntrongchib13gpviHrngbnnhpbi
bocaanhcnphisanhiusaochovnphongkiucchhn.Khngrlbnchngtitm
thytrongtngthcaPhplbngchaybncsacha).Httnbibonyl:
Chnhschthuca.BibonychothyHnghincukbnLuncngvccvn
dntcvthucacaLenin,cngbtiihiQucTIIdinravothng7nm1920
vintrntLHumanitvongy16v17thng7.Nhngphntchtrongbnluncngca
LeninvbnchtchnghaqucgipHcluncchoscmthchnghathcdn.
ConbchtuctbnTyphngangvnchicvicanrakhptoncu,chuutr
nnquchthpvin,mucanhngngivsnChuukhngcnchonht.Tic
cabntbnAnh,Php,cunhnhauc,tithncticcabntbnkhcbi,i
vibnnytnhtchngcngkhngcngutrangchomnhbngnhngkhuhiummiu
nhlthchinsmngkhaihothuca.ngsaulcbascvichiubiTDoBnh
ngBci,thcdnPhpmangnthucaru,thucphin,vnhthcngnhmang
nchongidnthucasthngkh,huhoi,chttrcvsvvtlmgiuchomu
quc.
Trcnhngticnhvycachnghatbnvquc,ngdnchxhicchnhsch
thucathcsdnchhnkhng?khng,thmchngcnchathmhtrcccuccch
mngginhclpthuca.Snbinhbtngtrcccvnvthucanyscn
tiptcnuchintranhcaphecchukhngbctrnsditrvocgicanndn
chtsnvnunhkhngccuccchmngbolcthng10Ngakhuynglnsc
mnhcagiaicpvsntrntonthgii.
TkhiiasthnhvincangtnthnhvicgianhpQuctCngSnvtkhiLenin
trnhbybiluncngcangvccvnthucatiihi2,ccngchnhchngta
mibtucpnccvnthuca[84]
BiphtbiucaHtiihiToursclilnhnhnghn,songcngnhncnhngph
bnhtrongngxhidnch.KhiphchtchngJeanLonguetnglnphniHv
vicphtbiuvvnthuca,HnghJeankhngcngtli.Mcdcsphn
inhngrrngbiphtbiucaHvntiptcvinhnglilmmmnghnsovibi
bocaHtrntLHumanitnitrn.Khiktthcbiphtbiungncamnh,Hkugi
ccibiucang,chodlcnhthaycnhhu,hynghngDng.Biphtbiu
caanhchoannghnhnhitlitvgianhngtingvtayccnhngtinght:o
bnthcdncmp![85]
BiphtbiucaHkhngntngbngbcnhchpanhbimtibiu.Bcnhchp
mtthanhninVitnamvikhunmtmnmngnmcchnhtnhmtcuhcsinhvi
complevntht,giaccibiururm,tcmaingiPhp.Mttbocacnhhuth
m t anh nh anh h ht khch rp xic c gii thiu trong i hi Tours bi Marcel
Cachin.NhngbncaH,PaulVaillantCouturierthlimtliskinnynhl:Bipht
biucaanhnilnmtcchchnhxcnngcnhinnithngkhcamtqucgia20
triungi[86].Trongnhngnmsauny,bnthnHcnglunmungimnhmtvtr
DinVvHoiAn
44
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
khimtntrongcccuctranhlunmangtnhhcthuytQucTIII.Thnhngcvnhng
gmHtnhnlmnhkhnghiurvnhngvnangchiarnhngngixhidn
chcptinvphitrungdungkhingndihiTourslkhngchnhxc.Vothiim
HthamdihiTours,anhcnmtnmrithamdnhiubuimitingvcnhiu
bibocacnhttiParis.
Chnh ti i hi Tours, H cho thy s gia nhp v trung thnh ca mnh vi mt phong
tromngtheouintrni.Phongtrocngsnthgiisautrthnhngi
nhngthicnglngichthucaH.Vynhngvomangnm1921,phngtro
cngsnkhng thgipgchonhngvn cnhncaring anh. Tngy14 thngging
nngy5thng3,HphitrongbnhvinCochin(Namk)chaungnhttrnvaica
mnh.Khiravinanhtchivictrvinphvildohinanhangthtnghipvkhngc
thunhp[87].Tis6VilladesGoblinslcny,PhanChuTrinhcngangbtrmcmnng.
Contraiduynhtcang,Dat,riPhpvVitnamchabnhlaovkhngquakhi.
BnbcaTrinhmtrngsaucichtcacontraiTrinhkhngcnlmnhna[88].Bnthn
ng cng khng c php tr li Vit Nam cho n nm 1925. Cng ti thi im , nhiu
ngisngtiVilladesGoblinscngkhaitkhchuvichiuhngcptinngycng
rntcaNguyniQuc.MtbnbococaphngnhchothyKhnhKvTrnTin
Namphnnnrnghgprcrivicnhstchvthivcchhnhxcptinca
Quc.TrnTinNamthnirngchcPhanVnTrng,PhanChuTrinhvVVnToncn
nghccquanimcaQuc.Anhnycngphnnnrngkhnghiutilmsaohlic
thtintngmtngimngayctnvngungcllchcngkhngrrng[89].Trong
khi,KhnhK,ngikimtinchnhcacnhm,thphnnnrngngkhngcnti
chnhtrtinthunhchocnhmvgithunhsaucucchinbtuleothang[90].
SaucHvPhanChuTrinhphitmmtchkhc.DoHbucphigimbtthi
gianchocchotngchnhtrcamnhkimsng.Vothng7,HchuynquasngSen
dnnkhuTybcParistrtis9ngCompoint.Anhtmcviclmthtrngnh
cho mt hiu nh ngay st nh tr vi mc lng 40 France mt tun, mc lng ginh cho
ngihcvic.Vicucsngtntincamnh,mclnganhtrtintr40France
mtthngvmuathcn.Vocuithng7,phngnhPhpbocoanhangsngmtcch
lnglchthnhthongithmbnbtiVilladesGoblins[91]
CcbibocaHtrongthiknychnhncsthtphanhngngibnthucphe
dnchxhi.CunschcaanhvitvchnghathcdncaPhphonthnhtnm
1920nhngvnchacninonhnin.MarcelCachinthtchikhovicincunschtrn
tLHumanitlyldolslngbobnraangbgimsauschiarcangxhidn
chtiihiToursvdongkhngthtrtrcHtinnhunbt[92].McdvyH
vncbivitcngccbokhc.MtbicaanhngtrntbohngthngRevue
Communistevongy14thng4nm1921,vmtbikhctrntLActionColonialevongy
10thng6.bithnht,ngtntrangth133,vnlipkhcbylunayanhvnthng
vitlvsthtbicaccngcngsntrcvnthuca.Anhvit:slngtrnh
nythtngngcnhin,cbitlkhikhnghcntranhcivvnnytrongmtng
DinVvHoiAn
45
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
thunkhit.Cnbiboth2,anhsosnhchnhschthucatngicimca
Nht bn ti Triu Tin v cc chnh sch ca Php ti ng Dng. Vo thng 8 nm 1919,
chnh ph thuc Nht ra sc lnh trao quyn t tr cho thuc a ca mnh v cng nhn
quyn bnh ng ca ngi dn thuc a vi ngi Nht. Anh vit: Tht ngc nhin rng,
trong khi , chnh ph Php vn ngy th tin rng c th c c s ng h ca ngi dn
thucatingDngchbngcchtiptclabpbngnhnglilhoam..
Vomahnm1921,nhmNgiVityunc,chunbrm.Ccchimcathanhtra
M.Devzemtborngtis6VilladesGoblinsthngxuynxyranhngcuctranhciny
la.Vouthng7,HcmtcuctranhlunddivihaitinbihPhankodit
9gitichonugisnghmsau[93].Trongthng9nhiucuctranhluntngtn
ra.Vothng10,PhanChuTrinhchuynnsngngPernty.Thcsngi,chngti
cngchabitrnidungcccuctranhlunlgvliucphilnhngcuctranh
lun do bt ng v quan im chnh tr. Vic h chia tay nhau ra sng ring v con ng
chnhtrtnglaicamingicthphnnohtrchogithuytrnglcccuctranh
lunchnhtr.Nhngkhcthbitcliucnglvnhngcuctranhcinyla
HChMinhontuytvihaitinbihPhannhgiihcthutlunayvnginhhay
khng[94].McdtrongnhnglthmPhanChuTrinhgichoHvonhngnm1922v
1923chothyrngkhngtnthnhvicHtheochnghaMaxnhngngvnluntrart
tntrngccquytnhcaHvlunquantmncchotngchnhtrcaanhcngnh
thamdccbuimitingchnhtrvianh.DngnhPhanVnTrngthphphnPhanChu
Trinh nng n hn v thi c phn giao ng ca ng sau ci cht ca con trai mnh [95].
Nhngtrongmtphngnh,Trngvnlunbxemlmtnhchnhtrccoan.Vocui
thng2nm1922,phngnhPhpvncnnghingrng,NguyniQucvnangngvai
tridinchoPhanVnTrng,ngingsaulng[96].
Clnhngcuctranhcinycnglinquannlimithamgiacngonthucaquct
t mt ging vin ti Malagasy (trng ngn ng) c ci tn rt ku l Stphany Oju Oti [97].
StphanytngthamgialmboActionColoniale.Cngontinhnhbuimitingramtvo
thng10nm1921saumythngtrichunb.Slnglnthnhvinkhccalinonng
hQucTIIIvlinoncngkhaimilinhmtthitcamnhvingCngSnPhp.
Tchcminytmcchhotnglnghincuccchnhschkinhtvchnhtrticc
ncthucavngthicnglmttchctngthntngi.Hthamdcucmiting
ramtnycngviPhanVnTrngvmtngichuhmichuyntitis6Villades
Goblins.Thamdbuimiting,nhthngl,Hphtbiumtcchsinivchnhquynv
chnh sch thuc a ca Php. (Phng nh c c bo co v c mt ch im tham gia cuc
mitingny,nhiukhnngchimvinnychnhlNguynVni,cmtdanhlipvin
Villier [98]). H tham gia vo ban iu hnh ca cng on cng vi 6 ngi khc l lut s,
thng gia c nh n t Runion, Dahomey, Goudeloupe, Antilles, Martinique v Guyana.
Anhcgiaotnnhimlmqunltichnhcholinoncnhimvthuhiphmik4
thng.AnhgipcngonmcvnphngtitrungtmkhuLatintingMarch
desPatriarches,ngthigipratbocacngonLePariavothng4nm1922[99].
DinVvHoiAn
46
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
CngonthucaqucttrthnhcshotngmicaHthaychonhmNgivit
yuncvtchccllchabaogitntiNhmccnhcchmngVitNam.Nhvy
lbncnhngcngsn,Hccsnghcamttchccquynquynphp
lvcchivinngph,cngnhmtphnglmvicchoringmnh.BanuLePariac
103ngitmua[100]vslngbninnhanhchngtnglnn2000.(vothng4nm
1923slngbnincabogimxung1000vstrangcngbgim,ngthikhngc
thunhpnotqungco[101]).
Hchorngc150ngingdngngkmuaboLeParianhngthtrasnginy
thucbphnSR(ServicedeRenseignements)tiMarseille[102].Mtvisboinroneocng
cchuynvVitNamvachngitbolhaithngdchvinngiVitlmvic
ph ton quyn ti H ni, mc d vy H nghi rng hai ngi ny thc cht lm vic cho
phng nh Php[103]. Saukhit LeParia ra i, Hctthigian lm victrng nh m
ginhphnlnthigianvitbovhotngchnhtr.Mcdchtimnhcnhco
H,nhnganhvnthamdcucbiutnhngy1thng5vhqulanhbuivic[104].
Sauanhcmtthigiankimsngbngnghsnvtrangtrcas,nhngclngunthu
nhp chnh vn l t lm vic cho t Le Paria. Nghip bo ch sau ny tr thnh ngh bn
ngoicaanhtrongsutnhngnmthnglnhnvincngsnbmtcaQucTIII.
nnm1922NguyniQuctrthnhmtnhbocngsnthcth,vitichnhl
nhngvnthucavsclpcangDng.ngthamdihilnthnhtca
ngCngSnPhptiMarseille vothng12,1921cngnhlnhaitiParis vothng10,
1922.Tronglnsau c l ngc v khchmitMoscow, DmitryManuilsky [105]
n. Vo thng 4 nm 1922 ng tham d bui hp ca Hi ng Nghin Cu Thuc a va
thnhlpbiCSPhptronghinghu[106].Cthtrongthigiannynggydng
cmigiaohoviccsinhvinhotngTrungQucParis,nimvonm1921,Chu
nLaivngTiuBnhhptcmttbotingHoamangtnThanhNintimtchung
cgnPlacedItalie,gnVilladesGoblins.HccholgiithiumtvingiTrung
QucthngthotingPhpvoCSPhp,trongchaicontraicanhlnhoCSTrung
Quc Chen Duxiu [107]. Ta khng bit c l vo thi im ny H c tham gia vo on
ThanhNinCngSnhaykhng.nnm1921nhngngicngsnTrungQucthitlp
linlccahviBerlinvMoscow.Trongphnngtrongs2.000sinhvinTrungQucti
Phpthamgiavonhngchngtrnhthctp,assngticctnhhoctrongcckhulao
ngngoiParisnhBillancourt[108].TrongkhiHthamgiaqusuvinhngvn
thucavnhnghotngtrongCSPhp.
Kh m nh gi c hiu lc tuyn truyn ca H. C rt t bng chng v vic t Ngi
CngKh(LeParia)luhnhtiVitNam,cbitltrc1925.Victruyntquanim
cangnngbomnhngycngtrnnkhkhn.SlnhtrngvththuynngiVit
tiPhpangvidntnhnthng6nm1920chcn19nghnngingDng,so
vi60nghntrongthng7nmtrc.Chonnm1927chcnkhong2.670ngichnhthc
lcdntiPhp[109].BThucavnhnvinmtthmcabnytiMarseillelLon
DinVvHoiAn
47
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Josselme,trnnloluyntrongvicchnngthtibngngbin(mcdhc
th b qua mt khi nhng th ny c du bn trong sch v bnh thng). c gi ca H
ngycnggiihntrongsnhngngiucnhtvnhngnghngthucaxaqu.
VintngvAlbertSarratnhlmtTonQuyncchtn,nhngngiPhplracm
thngvinhngvchtrncaHchorngschtrchcangivichnhschcaPhpl
cngiu.Vothng 11nm1921,cquanmtvtmthytrongphngcaHmtlth
(khngngythng)camtvinchccaLinonNhnQuyn(HumanRightsLeague),
GabrielSeailles.ngtavitrngnhncbnYuschcanhndnAnNammH
gi cho hi ng trung ng ca Lin on. H tr li sau khi hi vi vn phng ca
Sarraut. H ni rng ng khng cp n nhng ci t ca Ngi Sarraut, Seailles vit.
Chcchnlcmtshiulmy.Nhngxngcangctrnhbyqutngqut.
Tt hn l ng nn gii by nhng khiu ni ca mnh mt cch c th. D sao, Seailles cho
rngvicciththngcnglthucactinhnh;quyntdobochccho
php;tdogiodclvnangquantmcachnhtonquynSarraut[110].Trnthct
nhngcchtncaSarrautdintinrtchm,vnhngtdomngiVitchngvn
lnhngquynlidnhcholoicngdnhnghai.Vothng3nm1926mtbnyuschdo
NguynAnNinharatiSiGncngnhclimtsimchnhtyuschcaHii
Qucnm1919[111].
Bn thn Phan Chu Trinh cng nn lng v khng th quay v c Vit Nam. Vo u nm
1922ngktlunrngylthiimHChMinhnntrvnc.Nhnhngngibn
trong ng X Hi, Trinh tm c vic lm th chp nh ti nh u Xo Thuc a
Marseille.NhnglthTrinhgichoHvothng2,1922chothyrngngkhngcmto
tngttpgvothnhtnhcangiPhpivitncng,hockhnngthayi
thicuccamnh.NgisphugichorngkinthccaHsphhoinungliPhp.
ThiimemnhngbihcvchnghaMarxLeninvVitNamthnghimn.
ngvitvimttinhthnhogii:
Vnhngbtnggiahaichngtamanhgitilmthcgibothvlchu...Ti
khnggindtgvcidanhhiuny,vtingPhpcatiqutvtikhnghiucthu
ngnhngglmctrnmnhtvnminhny.Tilconngagimtmikhngcn
nhcniv;anhlmtcontunmanghngmu...Tigilthnyvhivngrnganhs
lngnghevchunbchokhochvicamnh.TngsangTy,tthicchkim,cha
aihnhngnhanh,cnnlincngoivincltncmnhcqunhiucmby...
thctnhmingi,ngbotanglnchnglibnxmlc,iurtcnthitltaphi
cmt...Bngphngphpcamnhanhgibivitnbochynhmkhuyn
khchnhngnghngcnghinsclcvtinhthncah.iunythtvchvnhng
nghngcachngtakhngcctingPhphocngaycchqucng;hkhngth
nohiucnhngbivitcaanh![112]
KhmbitcrngmtngitheophongcchcnhPhanChuTrinh,ngvnvitlch
bngtingHn,cnhngnhhnggnH.Nhngngitacththyrngsaunhng
DinVvHoiAn
48
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
phbnhtrn,Hcngcgnghnbaogihtemvnthucantrccnglun.
Bococamtvtrongnm1922miutnglmmtngikhngbitmtmi.Nguyn
iQucthamgiavohotngtuyntruyncngsntronggiingiVittiParis,Pierre
GuesdevittiHNivothng7;vanhtaemhtsclcthamgianhngbuihi
hp ti th v nhng vng ngoi [113]. Guesde cn lu rng H gia nhp vo hi
Freemason (Mt hii hub mt,cthnhvintrnkhpthgii ND).nglitknhng
cuchpmHthamgiatrongtunvaqua:
HaicuchpcaUBaniuHnhcangXHiCngSn;
MtbuimttingnghcucCnhMngNgadongCngSntchctiBagnolet;
HaicuchpcahiClubduFaubourg,SallePrintania,Ave.deClichy;
MtbuititiHiMasonry(FreemasonND)ti94Ave.deSuffern.
Bn cnh , ng cn tm n mt s to son, ng lu l t LHumanit (Nhn o), t

JournalduPeuplevtLaBatailleSyndicaliste.
Khngbaolusau,HvccnhhotngVitNambtuthmnhphngcchtip
xcvinhngthnhvinnghngbnhdn.NhngbivittrnnhngtNgiCngKh
vNhnocmcchhitschcanhngngitrthcVitNam,nhngPhanChu
Trinhngkhichrarngchngchvicnmtsnhtrongsnhngngictim
nngnghh.QuanimvnngitrcaQuctCngSnIII(Commintern)vCS
Php cng c th nh hng nhng hot ng ca h. Vo thng 2 v thng 5 nm 1923
thnhphnctlicanhngnhhotngngiVitbtutholuncnglnhmi.n
cui nm 1921 mt tr thc tr ngi min bc l Nguyn Th Truyn tham gia cng h,
TruynnhanhchngtrthnhmttrongnhngngihptcthncnnhtcaH.Lconca
mtquanchccphuynNamnh,TruyncbnghohcPhpnhngrrngngthin
vvicvitlchvbochhn.Nm1922Truyntrthnhthnhvinminhtcas6Villa
desGobelinsvncuinmbtulmvicchotNgiCngKh[114]
DinVvHoiAn
49
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Vothng2nm1923PhanVnTrng,HvTrnTinNamtholunvictitoHipHi
HuynhngyxadoTrngvPhanChuTrinhkhilpnm1912.Mcchlliko
nhng ngi lao ng ngho kh Vit Nam ti Php, nhng ngi m theo Trng l lnh
nglngtit,thiun,thiuvikhicnbgiichmitth...[115].PhanVnTrng
c khuyn l khng nn gi chc ch tch v qu kh chnh tr ca ng c th lm nhng
thnhvinmiedvssbtrth.Trnthct,trongmtbuihptiCngonThuc
aQucT,TrngphtbiuvvnVitNam,trongngkhngnhQuyntdo
vtquytchhinhumtkhittcmingihiucscnthitcachnghacngsn
nhmxobchngibcltngivemnbnhngtrongquanhchngtc[116].
Ti mt cuc hp vo thng 4, Phan Chu Trinh c c lm ch tch, nhng Phan Vn
Trngphni,mtmctuynbrngngkhngbaogilmvicchungvingings
xacamnh[117].Vnnangiinycgiiquytrasaothkhngr.
Vothng5Hchthnngqungcokugitmuatbobngtingqucngctnl
Vit Nam Hn. T qung co ca ng ha hn Chu, u Chu, n v M Chu c
tnghptrongmttbo.Phnvtremcngcthhiuc.Nsltbobngchnh
ngnngcachngtangbotacthcc.Sutinrakhong100nbn.a
chtbocgitis3rueduMarchdesPatriarches,vnphngcatNgiCngKh
[118].ycthlduhiuHthtslngnghenhngphbnhcaPhanChuTrinhv
phongcchvitbochchogiitrthccamnh.Dngnhngkhngcnthigiandnh
chodnminy.Vongy13thng6,1923ngtngtbinmtkhiParis,vminma
thu nh cm quyn Php mi thy tn ng xut hin trn bo ch ti Moscow. Nguyn Th
TruynlnlmchbttVitNamHn.
TakhngbitcchuyniMoscowcaHctchcrasaovailkchmu.Githit
rngngcphthinbinhngngituynmcnbtigiichoQuctCngSnIIInh
DinVvHoiAn
50
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Manuilsky ti i hi CS Php nm 1922 th cng hp l. Nhng khng c v vic H i

MoscownhlmtngiclachnphcvluditrongCngSnQucTIII,nhs
bnntrongchngsau.CngrtcthlngvccthnhvintrongCngonThuca
QucTmuntrctiptipxcviQuctCngSnIIInhmthcdcCSPhpquantm
hn n nhng vn thuc a. Cng c th chnh H khi s chuyn i ny nhm tm
kimphngtinquaylingDngvihuthuncaQuctCngSnIII(chngk
sphntchnhngtipxcbanucaHviQuctCngSnIII.)Nhngcvlnhng
nhiqucVitNamtiPhpchunbphihphnhngchomtkhochno.S
LimphngPhpctinrngPhanChuTrinhangtmcchquayvParistCastres,ning
dinsaukhitngtbvictiNhuXoThucatiMarseille[119].Trinhvitth
mn H 340 quan cho chi ph i li v n n khi ng c th tm c vic lm ti Paris.
NhngbnthnHcngkhngdgigvchngcaitrongsnhngngiVitnghng
snsngchovaystin,vthmHChMinhvPhanChuTrinhblchigpnhauln
cui[120].
VicHrikhiPariscchunbcnthn.Vouthng6ngbntinrngsinghl
khong8ngytivngSavoievihiClubduFaubourg.ngtmsvingiqungias6
VilladesGobelinsrngngmccithmvngniThyS,nhngkhngmunbb
mt nu b khc t h chiu. Ri vo ngy 15 thng 6 mt v Dsir bo co rng ngy 13
NguyniQucrikhinhmkhngmangtheohnhl.Bnbngnghrngkngh
cangsngnngi.CngvictiCngonThucacctrchbiMonnervillengi
oMartinique(thucacaPhptivngbinCaribeND).Trongcuchpsungica
nhmNgiCngKhvocuithng6,khngaitronghkcPhanVnTrngvNguyn
ThTruyntnhnguynxctinvicinbo.HquytnhhonlinkhiNguyniQuc
quayv,Dsirboco[121].VocuimahPhanChuTrinhvitthchoNguynVni,
tnthtcamtvdeVillier,buctihnvvicQucmttch.(itrthnhmtthnh
vinquantrngcanhmNgiCngKh,nhngltmtvcahnbTrinhkhmph.)
ChodNguyniQuccntrvthiuchngchc,iunykhngquantrngvanhythc
lngyunc.AnhytbgianhluvongntnchuuvM,lmvicctlchc
himkhngmtaigip...Danhyclilmhaykhng,vicykhngthnhvn,biv
ttcngiVitutrntrngtmlngynhithuytcaanhy...Aimuntheoanhyth
htheo,vaikhngmunthcngynchoanhylmcngviccamnh.
Tisaoanhliphnbianhybngnhnghnhnghnhvnhamhimcamnh?Anhy
tinanhnhanhemrut...tisaoanhlimungykhkhnchoanhy?Timunanhnis
thc,anhxigicanhyiu?[122]
Chnh bn thn Albert Sarraut k bc in mt c gi vo ngy 11 thng 10, 1923 n
ThngSHNibovingnyrngtmthyduvtcaNguyniQucMoscow.
Bloncourt,mtngsngiDahomey(thucacaPhp TyPhi,gilBeninND)
gip tr chi ph chuyn i bng qu ca Cng on Thuc a Quc T, mt mt v bo co
[123].nthng11ctinnrngHssmtrvParis[124].PhanVnTrngspt
DinVvHoiAn
51
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
trvVitNamvogiathng12nhngnghonngyivhivngrngHsquayv
vi tin tc mi t Moscow. Cui cng vo ngy 23 thng 12, Trng khng th ch i c
navkhihnh,emtheomtsnbncatNgiCngKh[125].HChMinhvhai
chshPhankhngbaogigplinhau.
TrongcucichnhtrmimMoscowmrachoHChMinh,ngvngilinhngyu
t c bn gip ng trong thi gian hot ng ti Paris. Mt trong s l c cu Marxist
Leninistcxdngngcngkchchnghathuca.Vnnyscbnchitit
chng sau. Nhng ta nn nh rng bn cnh quan im cp tin mi m ng vn mang c
tnhcatinhthnyuncvtrchnhimcaKhnggio,nhngctnhkhinthnph
cangchngingiPhptrcy.Hangbcvomitrngchnghaquctca
CngSnQucTIII,nhngngvnbtrvotruynthngyunccangiVitnhng
tnhcmgianhvquhngmtrcychngniktngviPhanChuTrinh,Cng
vPhanBiChutiTrungQuc,vclticthnphng,ngimgiytrnn
lpd,langthangtngichanynngichakhcxNamK[126].KhirikhiParis,
miquanhcangvinhngngicnhtnhPhanVnTrngvNguynThTruyn
trnnchtchhnbaogi,vngdatrnnhngquanhkhitrthnhphivinca
QuctCngSnIIItiQungngsauny.
C phi H Ch Minh vo nm 1923 l mt nhn vt c quan im chnh tr r rng hay
khng?Timunaralplunrngcrtnhiuduhiuchothyrngquanimcang
vthgiihnhthnhtnhnggngtriquavingiPhptthuthiuthi,ttht
bicangtiHiNghHoBnhParis,vtnhnghiubittrccangvnhngquan
im ca Lenin v ch ngha quc. V ng cng bt u by t s uyn chuyn trong
nglicamtnhchnhtrthcdng.McdnggianhphiFreemasonvimcch
nirnggiaotipvinhngtnglpthlctrongxhiPhp,saunyngchphnhngh
quyt t i Hi ln 4 ca Quc t Cng Sn III l cc ng vin phi ct t lin h vi hi
FreemasoncngnhLinonNhnQuynPhp[127].Victhiutnhkinnhvltng
m mt s ngi c th cho l xo quyt l mt c im gip Nguyn i Quc / H Ch
MinhsngsttrongnhngnmthngQuctCngSn.
DinVvHoiAn
52
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
CHNG2:THNHVINQUCTCNGSN(19234)
NhngtipxcutintiMoscow
HChMinhnPetrograd(gililSt.Petersburg)bngngthuvongy30thng6nm
1923tCngNorthSeacaHamburg.MngliQuctCngSn(QTCS)tiBerlincungcp
chonggiythnghnhNgavicitnlChenVang[1].ngnNgavongthiimm
nhngotngcchmngcanhngngilnhoBolshevikchmdt.Nnkinhtb
kmtobiutranhcngsndnnvicchngicanngdnkhpnitrong
nm 1921; mi n lc nhm kch ng mt cuc cch mng ti nhng quc gia pht trin ti
chuuubthtbi.Khimtcgngtinhnhcuccchmnglnthhaiticxyra
vo thng 10 nm 1923, ch vi thng sau khi H n Moscow, n c tng lp lao ng
chngngmtcchlnhnht.LihahnsinicaTrotskynm1919,rngThiim
cannchuynchvsntichuuslthiimginhtdochonhngnlthuca
ti chu Phi v chu [2], nghe c v trng rng i nhng nh hot ng thuc a ht
kinnhnvocuinm1923.Ngoira,Lenin,nhlnhoticaocacucCchMngThng
Mi,angnmlitgingvmtcnautimvothng121922.VothiimHtchn
nthcngsnny,nhnglthuytcnbnvthgiiingangbxtlivmt
cuckhnghongtronghngnglnhovamibtu.ThigiantcuicucNiChin
nm 1921 cho n khi Stalin cng c quyn lc nm 1929 tr thnh khong thi gian m
StephenCohen(nhNgahcngiMND)gilthiimgytranhlunnhiunhttrong
lchsng[3].
Nguyn nhn chnh thc m H c mi n Nga l Hi Ngh Nng Dn Quc T ln th
nht, c khai mc ti cung Andreyev trong in Kremlin ngy 10 thng 10, 1923. Hi ngh
nhdusraicaNngDnQucThaycngilKrestintern,mttchcnhmtp
trungnhngngilnhocaccnnghithinttchuu,chuvM.Ncthit
lpnhmtt chchp phpbao gmnhng thnh phn khngcngsn, nhngs lin h
gianvMoscowchngbaogicchey.Trongdanhschcanhngdingintli
chomngvonkttrongngythhaicaihicmtngitnlMiguelalKvakn
t ng Dng [4] (tn Vit khi chuyn sang ting Nga thng nghe khng chnh xc lm,
DinVvHoiAn
53
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
nhngtrongtrnghpnythlihay).Hkhngmunphthigianvinhnglichctng
xgiao:ngithngvovnvimtgiithiungnvtnhtrngcanngdnnhng
thuc a Php. Cc bn l nhng nng dn t chu u v chu M. Cc bn b bc lt nh
nhngnngdn,ngniviccibiu,Nhngnhngnginhchngtinhngthuc
aPhpbbcltgpi,nhnhngnngdnvnhnhngdntcbchinhphc,ngni.
Mtngichdatrngcthnyucuchnhph,vnhnglngmclinbsungcng,
lngmcmchangchngtivcchngtiangsinhsngvtrngtrt[5]ngmunbo
mrngnghquytchngchintranhcthngquabiiHiphicpnvnp
bcthuca,bngccharamtiukhonbxungtrongnilntnglpnngdn
caccthucalthnhphnrtquantrngtrongnhngvnvchintranhvhobnh
[6].Ticuchptin hingh,HcbuvoonChTchcaNngDnQucTgm
mimtthnhvin,cngvimtngiNhttnKenHayasho[7].
VicthnhlpNngDnQucTphnnhschuynhngthohipvigiaicpnngdn
Nga,cnglvnthenchttrongChnhSchKinhTMicaLenin.cvitvothng3,
1923,ChnhSchKinhTMithaythvictrngthulagobngchnhschthunhvcui
cng s hon chnh vic quay li th ch t bn th trng cho nhng ngnh nng nghip,
thng nghip v tiu cng nghip. n thng 8 nm 1923 chnh sch thnh cng n ni
Moscowtchcmtcuctrinlmnngnghiprmrnhmchngtnnkinhtncnh
ctinnh.Nhnglnhothintncngoinxemtrinlmcmili
dhinghnngdn.
SraicaNngDnQucTcnlktqutrctipcaqutrnhchuynhocachnh
sch mt trn thng nht ca QTCS. Vic ti xc nhn lin hip cngnng ti Nga m Chnh
SchKinhTMiaratnhiuckmtheobinhngthayidntrongthica
nhngngiBolshevikivinhngngminhquct.Khngchivnggtgiaicpcng
nhnchuu.NgiNgaangthcdcQTCSthanhngiaicpnngdnthgiinhl
nhngngchtronghnhtrnhtinnchnghaxhi.TiihingBolsheviklnth
12vothng4nm1923,Bukharinaraquanimrngnngdnticcncthucal
khodtrkhnglcholclngcchmng[8].QTCSthnhlpUBanNngNghip
vonm1923,sauihiln4vocuinm1922.NhimvcaUbanltheodivcngc
chmngn cachnhthcngnngtrongtrongccngphi[9].Chmngn nybiu hin
vicnhngngiBolshevikchpnhnthct:trongmtthgiiythch,ncNgaX
HiChNghacnnhiungminhhnlchmtgiaicpvsncatbnphngTy.Mc
dcngnhnvnchiutheo nhnghakinh in caMarx llc lngtinphongca
cchmng,nhngcngcthsaihuniucaMarxkugiNngdnvcngnhn
ton th gii on kt li [10]. y Ban Nng Nghip ca QTCS t chc Hi Ngh Nng Dn
QucTvothng10dnnvicHChMinhnMoscow.
HChMinhdtnhNgatrongbathng.Vldonyhayldokhc,ngytrvcatic
bdittunnyntunkhc,thngnynthngkhc,ngvittrongmtlthgicho
mtngingch[11].McchchnhcangkhinMoscowdngnhlkugimi
DinVvHoiAn
54
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
ngiquantmnkhimkhuytcaHingNghinCuThucacaCSPhpmsau
nytrthnhyBanThucacang.Trnthctvothng7nm1923ngaramt
bo co chi tit v nhng nhc im ny n y Ban ng Dng ca Cc ng Phng
thucQTCS,iunytisbnthmdi[12].BaogmGrigoryVoitinsky,VojaVujovicv
BorisSouvarine,yBanngDngcvnhlcquanhplnhtgiiquytnhngvn
camnhtthucalnggingviJava[13].VoitinskygipthnhlpngCngSn
TrungQucnm1920[14]vtrthnhidincaQTCStiThngHivothng41924[15].
CngnhMikhailBorodin,ngsngluvongmynmM.Hgimilinhkhnkht
viVoitinskytnhtlnnm1927,khichaiphiriTrungQuc.
TnhnglinlcviQTCSMoscow,rrnglkhivatchnnthncNgang
yucucgipquayvlingDngquangTrungQuc.Trongmtlthy
bcdcgichomtcamarades(ngchND)vdanhvothng3nm1924(ngythng
trong th khng r, nhng hm ca ng v chn thng ti Nga cho thy n c vit vo
khongthng3),ngvit:KhinMoscow,hnglsaukhiybathng,tisi
TrungQucbtlinlcvinhngngitrongncmnh.Gitiyquachnthng
vchisutsuthngmquytnhvchuynicativnchac.Ticmthytht
vchkhitholunyvnhngphongtrocchmngqucgiamihayc,vstnti
haykhngcanhngngcngnhn,hayvnhngtchchotngbmtkhc,bivti
khngcnhtrnhbymtlunngchongchc;tichmunngchcmthyvic
DinVvHoiAn
55
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
cnthitphinghincuMITHmtcchchnhng,vnuKHNGCG,thhytora
MTCIG(chinlntrongbngc).Cngvibnmctiucachuyningcnlitk
thitlplinhgiangDngvQucT,vtchccsthuthpthngtinv
tuyntruyn.ngyucumtngnschkhong100laMmithngchophtnili,
linlc,muaschbo, n;ngoirangcnyucuchi phchochuynitNgavTrung
Quc[16].PhiniHiQTCSlnth5vothng5nm1924micquytnhchcchn
giHiQungChu[17].CvildovsaoQTCSvCcngPhnglichmtrtrong
vicgiaophmtcngviccthchoH.Trctin,khochgipcaNgachoTnDt
TinchmivahnhthnhsaukhiMikhailBorodinnQungChuvomathunm1923.
NhngsquangingdychoquniQucDnngchanQungChuchotithng
6, 7 v thng 10 nm 1924 [18]. Hn na, khi vic chun b cho i Hi ln 5 bt u, nhng
ngi lnh o QTCS r rng l ang bn rn vi hu qu ca cuc ni dy khng thnh ti
c,vlngnhin,vicnycpbchhnnhiusovivnngDng.Cngcthl
nhngquanchctrongQTCSmungiHliMoscownhgiHviutranhng
quanhchnhtrcang.
VictrinkhaichnhschivinhngncthucacaQuctCngSn
n khi H t chn n Nga, Quc t Cng Sn pht trin t mt lin hip lng lo ca
nhngidincaccngcngsnvngcnhtthnhmtbmyquynlcbnvngti
Moscow,ngycngnhhngbinhngthayichnhtrtrongnibncNga.Btut
i Hi 4 (5 thng 11 n 5 thng 12, 1922), y Ban Trung ng QTCS c bu chn bi
nhngibiuthayvnhngngthnhvin.McchlbinQTCStrthnhmtng
thcstptrung,onkt[19].Khimithnhlpvonm1919,nhngthnhvinngiNga
khnglngonmytrongnhngquytnhcang,mcdtrongs52ibiucmt
trongihi,chcbyngilngoincNga.Bathnhvinxhingichusngti
NgathamgiaiHi1l:LiuShaozhouvZhangYongkuithucLinHipCngNhnTrung
Quc,vmtngiTriuTincbitnhngchKainidinchoLinonCngNhn
Triu Tin [20]. Cng c mt nhm i din cho nhng khu vc Trung thuc ch Nga
Hongtrcy.BukharinchratrongmtbivittrnboSTht(PravaND)rngngh
nhngthucabpbctrongcucutranhgiiphngcahlmttrongnhngiuni
btcachnghacngsnmihayQucTIIIsovichnghadnchxhihayQucTII.
KhngphitnhcmtrongkihiutincaQTCSchngtacnghephtbiubng
tingHoa,ngvit[21].Nhngribaibiung,usngtiNga,chcquynbu
didngthamvn,trongkhicnhmLinHipCcDnTcPhngngtiNgachc
bu chung mt phiu [22]. V th thp b ca nhng ngi chu ti i hi 1919 phn nh
quanimrngcuccchmngtichuulkhngthtrnhkhivvthnquantrnghn
cucutranhgiiphngcaccthuca.NhTroskynitrongbnTuynNgnQTCS,
cpngiaicpvsntrntonthgii,vicgiiphngccthucachcthxyra
cnglcvivicgiiphnggiaicpcngnhnbntrongccncquc.Tnglpcngnhn
vnngdn,khngnhngtiAnnam,AlgeriavBengal,mcntiPersiavArmenia,sc
DinVvHoiAn
56
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
cchiginhclpchkhinogiaicpcngnhntiAnhvPhphbLloydGeorgev
Clemenceau(ThtngAnhvPhpND)vginhchnhquynvtaycah[23].
CnglnhutinchocimQTCSgilnhngncthucavbnthucac
vchravoiHi2nm1920.CnglnhnydoLeninsontho,trthnhLunCng
vNhngVnDnTcvThuca(HcbnthoutrntNhnovothng7
nm 1920]. N c tranh ci si ni ti u ban thuc a ti i Hi v cui cng c
thngqua,virtnhiuchnhi,nhlcnglnhchnhthccaQTCS.Vcnglnhny
baogmnhngvnchnhtrtrngyucasnghipcngsncaHChMinh,nnvic
phn tch tranh lun ny sinh trong QTCS l rt cn thit. S tranh chp ny lp li trong
nhiugiaiondinhnghnhthckhcnhautrongnhngngcngsnchutnhtl
nthpnin70.
ConngiLeninkhithoLunCngcntchnLeninvonm1917.Mcdcnglnh
ca ng khng phi l nhng hng dn chnh xc nht nhng n vn l ngun gc ca l
thuytvmttrnthngnhtcthchnhmtcchthnhcngbinhngngicng
snTrungQucvVitNamvothiimChinTranhThGiithIIbtu.Chnhvsau
khi c Lun Cng vo ma h 1920 trn t Nhn o, H Ch Minh cho rng mnh tr
thnh mt ngi Leninist chnh thng [24]. Khi n c cng b vi nhng sa i sau cuc
tranhluntiyBanThucacaiHi,kmtheonhngiukhonhimuthunca
MahendraNathRoythucngcngsnn,nnhiuchtrngcthhiutheo
nhngcchkhcnhau.NhngnvncxemlmtyutquantrngcallunMarxist
Leninisttrongsutnhiunm.Mcdmtcnglnhmi,cptinhnvnhngncthuc
a c Otto Kuusinen a ra ti i Hi 6 QTCS vo nm 1928, ng vn mun cho rng
cnglnhcamnhlsnphmcaLunCngLenin1920mngcholvncygi
trcanhngnglicaccngcngsn[25].
Luncngca Lenin a ratm quantrng cacc ncthuca trong bi cnh ca cch
mngtoncu.Chnglkhaitrinhplcangvnhngphntchvchnghatbntrn
thgiitrongcunVChNghaTBn,xutbnnm1917.Leninllunrng,lngunti
nguyncanguynliuthvsclaongrtin,nhngncthucartquantrngivi
quynlccachnghatbnphngTy.NugiaicpcngnhnphngTylinminhvi
nhngdntcbpbcticcthucagiphginhclp,Leninlplun,hsnh
mtnchmngvokthcachnghacngsn.
KhacnhquantrngthhaicaLunCngltronggiaionu,giaiontsndntc
ca cuc cch mng thuc a, nhng ngi cng sn phi bt tay vi nhng ng phi quc
gia,vgiaicpvsnthucakhnglnmnhnphngtinhnhcchmng.Ch
saukhicchmngtsntcmcchcanginhclpqucgiavchmdtch
phongkinnngthnthcuccchmngxhichnghadogiaicpcngnhnlnh
omicthbtu.Leninchorngnugiaicpcngnhntinhngthucavac
giiphngcccqucgiacngsnphttringip,hcthbquathikchnghat
DinVvHoiAn
57
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
bnvtinthnglnchnghaxhi.iunycvnhmtlplicalthuytconng
ringcanhngngitheophiDnTutiNga.
Nhngibiuchulnchuucvkhngquntritlmviquanimrngcngsn
cnlinminhvitsndntctrongccphongtroginhclp.Nhngngidnchx
hi thuc Quc T II c cho l nhng nh ci cch khng ng tin cy, lun sn sng tho
hipvigiaicptbncmquyn.Vichnghccchnhschchchincaccchnhph
trongtrongChinTranhThGiithNhtbnhngngixhicptinthnhlpQucTIII
cholphnbitinhthnquct.CuicngccibiuthuytphcLeninsaicm
tnhngphongtrotsndntcthnhnhngphongtrocchmng[26].Cnhngon
vncchmvophinbnhonttcaLunCnggimnhchinlcmttrnthng
nhtvalngccibiu.Vdnhtrongiukhon11akugiccngcngsnng
hbnghnhngphongtrocchmnggiiphngtrongnhngtnccnhngctnh
lc hu,phongkin,achhoc achnng dn,mtiu kincthmvo:Hnh
thcnghphictholuntrcvingCngSncatncy,nungyhin
hu [27]. Nhng n vn khng che y c thc t l Lenin chp nhn vic cc ng vin
cng sn c th phn tn tm thi trong cuc u tranh giai cp theo hc thuyt Marxist ti
nhngtnclchuny.ThnhvincngsnngiHLanMaring(HenkSneevliet)tr
thnhcngcthuytphcccibiu.KinhnghimtchccangtiJavatrongthik
Chin Tranh Th Gii th Nht, khi nhng ngi x hi cp tin hp tc vi ng quc gia
Sarekat Islamchng li HLan,trthnh kiumu chochinlcca QTCStiTrung
Quc.Phngphpcangvcngthcdng:Cclclngtsnvcngsnphihptc
vinhautrongccncthuca,vnhngngicngsnkhngngkmynungmt
mnh[28].
BnBSungchoLunCngvCcVnDnTcvThucadoM.N.Roy(thucn
ND)soncngcthngquabiyBanThucatiiHi2didngbtc.Vicnhn
mnh skhc bitgiagiaicp t snthuca v cng nhntrong LunCngcaRoy r
rnglmuthunvilluncaLenin.Leninblngtngcamnhtrongmtphmvi
nhtnhmingicthhiutheocchringvkhngmunphtlngmtngminhqu
butmnhtthucalnnhtcaAnhQuc.SkhcbitcaRoysovinglica
Lenincthhinrtrongiukhon7:Trongccqucgiaclphinhuhaiphongtro
dbitngycngcchxanhau.Mtbnlphongtrotsndnchqucgia,viphngtrnh
chnhtrclpdislnhocagiaicptiutsn,vbnkialkhihnhngcatng
lpnngdnvcngnhnnghokhbbrinhmgiiphnghkhimipbc.Tnglp
thnhtluncgngkimchtnglpsauvthngthnhcngtrongmtmcno.
NhngQuctCngSnvccngphilinminhphiutranhchnglivicnyvgip
nngcaothcgiaicpchokhiqunchngcagiaicpcngnhnthuca.Trongnhng
phinbnkhccabivitcmtoncthmvonhlmtthohip:Trongbctin
utincacuccchmngthucaltchtbnngoiqucvichptcvinhng
phntcchmngtsndntclhuch[29].
DinVvHoiAn
58
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Maring,chtchyBanThucatiiHi,tmcchxoaducmimuthuncth
thylrthinnhinny.nglplunrngchaiLunCngcaLeninvRoyumang
cng mt ngha: Vn l vic tm ra phng cch ng n trong mi quan h gia hai
phongtrocchmngqucgiavxhitrongnhngnclchuvthuca.Trnthct
vnnykhnghtnti.Vicquantrngltaphihptcvinhnglclngcchmng
qucgia,vchngtachlmphnnacngvicnuchngtaphniphongtronyvtra
l nhngnhMarxist gioiu[30].Con ngithcdng Maring bquanhngtr ngi
hinnhintronggiiphpcamnh.AllenWhiting(GioSChnhTrHcngiMND)ch
rarngsthohipnychlmtgiiphpmongmanhmsaunyphhumttrnthng
nhttiTrungQuc:Nhngtchngphctpcanhnggiiphpadngphcvnh
mt th bnh phong tm b, che y mi mu thun gia nhng chin lc cch mng ca
Lenin v mi th ca nhng ngi chu i vi nhng k bc lt h. Nu mu thun ny
khng c gii quyt, chin lc mt trn thng nht Trung Quc khng nhng ch i
dinvisnghingtcnhHumcncthimhcacnhT[31].iukhngtrnh
khilnhngmttrnthngnhtdatrnLunCngcaLeninchlmthintngnht
thi.Chngkhngxobcnhngdbitvttnggianhngngichorngspht
trincachnghacngsnlmtqutrnhhuccncthigianhonttvnhng
nginhLeninvonm1917,munynhanhvicthayibngbolc.
VtrcaHChMinhtiQuctCngSn
McdQuctCngSntngcngmiquantmngiaicpnngdn,khiHChMinh
nMoscowthng7nm1923,bococangvcchotngphntiPhpphphn
nngncquanny.TrongkhinhngngiCngHoTrungQucangcccnhngoi
giaovcscaNgavevn,mnhtthucaPhpxaxirrnglkhngthuhtc
miquantmcaNga.CuicngchuynicaHtrvchudoQTCSbotrtrthnh
hinthccthlvnnmtrongchngtrnhhtrcaNgadnhchoCngHoTrungHoa.
Vmiphngdin,khinMoscowHvnhnhxnhmtidincaCngonThuc
aParis,vcthsonbnbocochungvinhngngnghiptrongCngon.ng
than phin rng Lun CngvCcVn Dn Tcv Thuc ady ln mitrngch
trongccthucarngQTCSsgipgiiphngh.NhngchonnaynhngLunCng
nychlvttranghongtrngiy,ngvit.MtkhcLunCngcnglmchonhng
nhncthngtrtngcngnlctrongchnhschtuyntruynngudnvnptrongkhi
likhngccbtchnhngnotccCSPhpvAnh[32],ngchobit.Nhngc
higipccphongtrothucanhvnhcngtiMartiniquevcuckhingha
Dahomeybbl,ngni.Thtlmamaivbunthaychonhngngianhembthnh
Dahomeycati,trongbngticanhngnhtvnminh,khiphicmcth8cabn21
iuKin(thamgiaQTCS),trongnirngmingbcnhimvthihnhhthng
tuyntruyncholclngtrongncmnhchnglisnpdnchngthuca;vphi
nghphongtrogiiphngtrongccthucabnglinivviclm.
DinVvHoiAn
59
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
CichtcaLenintrongthngGinglnhginm1924mramtthikmicavicu
tranhbphitrongnibQTCS.Hochungdngngingihnggiditring
vingnhlnhoticaovaquai,mivccngntaycaHbllotvcng[33].Vic
bytlngthnhnygipchotnglaichnhtrcaH.Trongnhngthngnmkng
tm cch trnh b nhn din l thuc h ca Leon Trotsky lc nh hng ca ng ny ti
KremlinbtuixungvLeninrtkhihotngchnhtrng.Crtnhiungi
uvngchcaHtrongCSPhpbtrutph,trongcBorisSourarinethucy
BanThucacaQTCSvJacquesDoriot,saunytrthnhngibotrchoHkhiHvn
hnhyBanThucacaCSPhp.Hccbihcnggivcchsngcntrong
chnh trng vo ma thu u tin Moscow, khi ng chng kin chin dch chnh tr thnh
cngcuicngcaTroskycucvnngchophongtroDnChCngNhn.
Trotskybtukhixngvndnchtrongngkhiquynlcticaocangyui.
TronglthgichoyBanTrungngngy8thng10,1923nglnnvicbnhimnhng
chcbthtphatrn.kincangcstnngcabnmisungvintntui,
hcngvitthchoyBanTrungngnghxngcang.idinvisngh
rng khp cho quan im ny, b tam ti cao gm Grigory Zinoviev, Leve Kamenev v Josef
Stalinchophpvicthnhlpmtubanvvndnchcngnhn.Trotskylmttrong
nhng tc gi son tho ngh quyt chnh thc, c ng trn bo S Tht ngy 7 thng 12,
1923.Nghquytkugichmdtvicquanliuhonibng,chophptdotholun
vbucccchcvlnhomtcchcngkhai[34].
Trong khi Trotsky li b c lp trong B Chnh Tr. Phong tro Dn Ch Cng Nhn
khngtciugngoibnnghquyt(chonkhiStalincmthynglcxdng
chovicbucccchcbth);nkhiiHiLn5QTCSctchcvothng61924,
Trotskytrthnhmtkvdanh.McdngvncbuvoChTchon(nhngch
l mt ng c vin bnh thng) v a ra bn tuyn ngn hng hn trong bi K Nim
Mi Nm Chin Tranh Th Gii Bng N [35], con ngi c cng thnh lp QTCS ny hu
nh khng xut hin trong sut k i Hi. Boris Sourvarine, ngi ng vai tr trng yu
trong vicxutbn t Con ngMi(The NewCourseND) cho phongtrodnchcng
nhnbngtingPhp,byrakhiCSPhpkhiiHibmc.Hnhnhvothiim
nyHhcctitrnhnnhngcuctranhlunmangtnhhcthuyt,RuthFischer,mt
ng vin cng sn ngi c nh li khong thi gian lm vic ti QTCS. B k vi Jean
Lacouture(nhshcngiPhpND)rngHhngnhiuvhnhnghnlbnthol
lun.nglunlngithinvkinhnghim[36].DvynhnghiccaFishercngnh
cacccuthnhvinQTCSkhcvitvHsaukhingnmquynlccnnnnghin
cu mt cch cn trng. Trong cun T Lenin n Mao (Von Lenin Zu MaoND), Fisher vit
rng H n Moscow vo nm 1922 tham d i Hi 4 QTCS. V khng c bt c ti liu
hocbngchngcngcchovicny,chngtacthchorngFisherdngdliukhng
chnhxc[37].Dtrongbtctrnghpno,tavnbitrngngaytnm1924Hbit
c rng nu ng khng ng ch trong trn chin t tng c ngha l khng nhng s
nghipcngsncangsbchmdtmhyvngginhcsnghchonnclpca
DinVvHoiAn
60
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
VitNamcngtiutan.Tnhknocsncangclgipngcheynhngsuyngh
thtcamnhvnhngvnkhnglinquantrctipnVitNam.
PhnngcaHivinhngcmbychnhtrtrongnibQTCSlgimnhknovtip
tchngtimctiuchochnhcnthncamnh.ngtptrungnlccamnh
thcdcQTCSchnhngmnhmhnivinhngvnthuca.Vothng2v
lnnavothng3nm1924ngvitthyucucgpZinoviev.Vonm1920Zinoviev
tr thnh ch tch Tiu V ca Ban Chp Hnh QTCS (H ngng lm vic ti cc c
quancaQTCSvmivnhngngntayblotcng)[38].Zinovievchuynnhngyucu
caHnlnhomicaCcngPhng,FyodorPetrov(F.F.Raskolnikov)thaythKarl
Rakekvongy8thng3,1924[39].(Radekbemlmvttthnchosthtbicacuccch
mngtic,nhngtrlinguHcVinTnDtTinchonnm1927).Vongy
20thng5,1924HgimtbnnghdibatrangnhmychoPetrov.Bnnghvch
nntngchomt Lin Minh Cng Sn Chu.S yukmcanhn dn phngng,ng
vit,ldohbclpvinhau.
ThtcchkhinhngngiAnNamhchiphngphptchccanhngngianhem
nchngliqucAnh,ngvitmtcchhohng,hoccchthccagiaicpcngnhn
Nhtonktchngchnghatbn,hocshisinhcaoccanhndnAiCpnhmihi
tdo.Ngidnphngngnhnchungrttnhcm;ivih,mtvdinhnhcgi
trhnctrmbidinthuyt.HnghtrngiHcLaongCngSnPhngng,
nihcsinhca62dntcchuangnghincu,nntrthnhcstodngLinMinh.
ngnnnngmuntchcmtubandbtrckhiiHiQTCSspxyravothng6
[40].
Sng kinca Hdng nh khngc aithc hin,chon khi chnh nggipthnhlp
LinHipccDnTcbpBcvonm1925lcngnQungChu[41].QTCSnghrng
ccucahtiMoscowgipccncchulinlcvinhau.Vthnhngngi
cngsnVitNamlikhngcmtngCngSnchoringmnh.iunythvovth
lngtng,phiitmsgiptnhiuhng.NhngngiVittiPhpththamgiaCS
Php;trongkhicngsnPhplichorngnhngngicngsnVitNamangtmhng
inyBan Thuc acaCS Php mcdu ban ny ch lm vic ly l. Trongccu
hnhchnhquanliucaQTCS,t1923n1926ngDngtrcthuctrongbphnrtm
h l Phn B Trung ng thuc Cc ng Phng trong bao gm c n v Nam
Dng.KhiphongtrocngsnVitNamphttrin,slnlnvncntipdintrongvic
ai l ngi chu trch nhim hng dn phong tro. Trn thc t, s ln mnh ca cng sn
TrungQuctronggiai on 19231927cllngunngvinlnnhtchophongtrocng
snphithaitiVitNamcngnhnhngphongtrocngsnkhctrnkhpvngngnam
chu.Mt sngi Vitluvongti TrungQuctrthnhngvin CSTrung Quc
trckhiCSVitNamcthnhlp.
DinVvHoiAn
61
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Ta c th on rng nhng cuc tip xc khng chnh thc gia cc nhn vin QTCS v sinh
vincaiHcLaongCngSnPhngng(cnctnlHStalin)Moscowtr
thnhmtdinntraoittngvtintc.NhngngoitrHra,khngcngiVit
Namnocchitheohctiytrcnm1925hoc1926,khinhngsinhvinngDng
utincgiquatParischnhthctheohc[42].Thnhlpvonm1921vimcch
o to nhng thnh vin cng sn ct cn, cho n nm 1924 trng ny ging dy nhng
ngichunmtronglnhthcalinbangSVitvconshcsinhncngoitheohc
ngycngng.Danhschcasinhvinntminngvnamnmyc56sinhvin
Triu Tin, 109 sinh vin Trung Quc, 6 sinh vin M Lai hoc Nam Dng v 16 sinh vin
MngC[43].KhngctiliuchnhthcvvicHChMinhnghincutiytrcnm
1936,mcdtcgingiNgatnYevgenyKobelevtrchdntmtbiphngvnHngy15
thng3nm1924trongtbocngsnLUnit,trongHcpnvicnghincuca
mnhtitrngny[44].M.N.RoycngxcnhnrngHtheohctitrng[45].VHn
MoscowvitcchchnhthcquaNngDnQucT,rtcthnghcnhnglpvvn
ngnngdnkhiminy.
HChMinhcphplmvicnhmtnhnvinkhngbinchchocccquanQTCS
vothng4nm1924[46].MttrongnhngnhimvchnhcangtiMoscowlsontho
bocovVitNamvvitbichobochcngsn.Cthlngsalinhngbntho
vitkhicnPhp,cxutbndicitnBnnChThcDnPhpbiNghip
onLaongtiParisnm1925.BnthonhmybngtingPhptbntiliucaHv
vnngDngnmtrongvnkhcaQTCS,nhngkhngcbngchnglnc
xutbn.BntiliubaogmmtgiithiungnvlichsvalVitNamvnhngphn
nivvictrngthutaicangiVitmtcchvnhnocanhcmquynPhp[47].
MtthnhqubochcaHtiMoscowl biboLeninvNhnDnPhngngvit
nm1924.ngvitmtbidi8trangphntchquanimcaLeninvchnghaquc
DinVvHoiAn
62
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
vphongtrogiiphngthuca.Bivitnycgitrhnlbivittngtnhngy
cmxccatngcinvicngutrntSThts27thng1,1924saukhiLeninqua
i.BivitsauphnnhtrungthcnirayrtcaHtronggiaionnycaimnh
Ququenvivicbixnhnhngngilchuvthphn,ngvit,h(ngidn
chu)thyLeninnhhinthncatnhhuynhquct.(...)hsngknhngvivilng
thnhcaconciivicham[48].LunCngcaLeninvnhnghahncaQTCSvi
dntcthucacllnhngduhiuutinmHtmcvvicphngTythts
quantmnvnpbccangiPhp.
iHiQuctCngSnln5
KhiiHi5QuctCngSnkhaimctiMoscowvothng61924,Hcmthycngi
nguynplcvinhngngicngsntyuhquantmnhiuhnnanccthuc
a ca mnh. C ba ln pht biu ca H ti i Hi ch yu tp trung vo vic yu cu c
nhiuhnhnghnivinhngvnthuca.RrnglHvncnnguyntnhyu
ncvtinhthnkinquytcanhngthngngyParis.Nhngngvnchlmtibiu
vilphiuthamvn[49].Chvatrn30tui,ngkhngngnngilnlpgiilnho
cacngsnthgiivnhngthiustcahnglunxenvonhngcuctranhlunko
di v nhngvn dntc vthuca. ngrtgay gtvicc ng cngsnPhpv
Anh:Ttcnhnggmngchngtalmtronglnhvcnylconskhng.TixTy
PhithucPhpchnhschqundchcthchinbinhngbinphpcngchkhngth
tngtng,mbochchngtachngnggn.ChnhquynthucatingDng
trthnh nhngkbunn l,chuyn bndn bnxBcK chonhngch nin
qunoThiBnhDng;htnghnqundchcadnbnxthainmlnbnnm;
htraophnlnthucachotponcmp...vbochchngtavnmtmclngim
[50].ngnghmtsbinphpcthpdnglptcnh:mtdinnvthucatrn
boNhno,tngcngvictuyntruynvktnpthnhvinthuca,botrccsinh
vin thuc a ti i Hc Lao ng Cng Sn Phng ng Moscow, t chc thnh phn
cngnhnthucatiPhp,vbtbucccngvinquantmnnhngvnthuca
[51].
VicthamgialncuicngcaHvocuctranhlunvvnnngdnrrnglc
ng tnh ton k lng. ng pht biu vi t cch l mt chuyn vin v nng dn thuc a
PhpchkhngchringvngDng.Nhngnghincuvbivcangvngnghip
ttboNgiCngKhcthlcschobiphtbiu.ngkhngbphthigianvi
nhnglichnhtrsorngnhtlphntrmcabnnng,trungnng,phnngvach.
Theong95%dnsthucaPhpangbbclthonton[52].Victrngthutaica
tbnPhplngungccasbclty.ngnitiVitNamKhingiPhpnhchim
vngtny,chintranhynngdnrakhilngqucamnh.Ktqulkhihquayv
ququn,taicahbchimdngbiccchnintheogtiqunchinthng.
Chngchuynnhngtaimdnbnxsinhsngvlaongsutmythkqua
DinVvHoiAn
63
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
[53].ngvlnmtbctranhenticavichnhh,mtitnhtlnhngnngdn
vngchuPhixcho,nimngigi,phnvtrembgiamgi,hnhh,tratn,b
i,oyvikhigitcht[54].Hsosnhvicgiiphngngidnkhichthuca
cnggingnhcchmngvsn:NhimvcaQuctCngSnlgiptchcthnh
phnnngdnngthngny.Nhimvcahlvchraconngncchmngvsn
vgiiphng[55].TathirngnhngknimcangTrungphnVitNamnm1908
nhhng nhiunhthnoncinhncangvspbccangiPhpnhngbt
cngmngchngkinkhicnlmtthiuninchcchnthcyngnhthing
cnParis.Trnthct,trongbocochoQucTNngDnvothng7nm1924vgiiv
sn VitNam,ng cpn sp bc dman v mmucangiPhpnm 1908
[56]. Thi im cho cuc cch mng dn ch t sn hay mi quan h cng nng i vi ng
khngququantrngvonm1924.
McdiHi5nhdusxuthinchnhthccaHtrongchnhtrngQTCS,bn
thnnkhngphilmtdinnquantrngtholunvccvnthuca.Scch
bitngycnglngiaTrotskyvbbalnhotiNga,cngvithikhutcacuccch
mngcbthtbinm1923,chephmichkhc.Viminguyhimngycngln
cavicchiartrongnibCSQT,miquantmuchtrngvovnklutBolshevik.
CukhuhiuBolshevikhoxuthinlnutintiihinynhngngthnhvin
ca QTCS bt buc phi tr thnh nhng ng c k lut, khng cho php chia r, nhiu
khuynhhnghaybphi[57].ChngphicticcutheomhnhcangBolshevik
Nga.NhngthnhphnchchtcaccngthnhvintrongQTCSkhngnhngphibo
co vi lnh o ca ng mnh m cn c vi Ban Chp Hnh QTCS. Ban Chp Hnh s c
trchnhimhiunhcnglnhcaccngcngnhttccctiliuhotngkhc.
NhngduhiuchiartrongnibngcngsnNgaxuthintrongcuctholunv
schlccamttrnthngnht,mttholunmZinovievgilvngytranhcinht
tronghngngchngta[59].ChnhZinovievnhgirtthpschlcvngungcca
n,nhngngvnchcchnrngnstntitrongnglicaQTCScngnhcang
CSNga.SchlccaMtTrnThngNhtvnngn,ngnithngthng.Nhngng
libsungmtiukhonvvnphitramtcchvngchc,cbitchomiqucgia,
phhpvinhngiukinthunli.ngnhnmnhrngschlcangancNgatr
litnhtrngkinhttnginnhlmtslibc:
Nhnliqungngqua,chngtacththyrngvitngthQuctCngSntronggiai
on19211922,nhngschlcvmttrnthngnhtcnghalvicnhnthcrngchng
tavnchachimcastnglplaong;thhai,phongtrodnchxhivncnrt
mnh;thba, chngta vncntrong vth phng th v kthvnang tncng...tht,
cucutranhquytnhvnchalutinhngu.Vthchngtaphithcykhuhiu:
Hngtiqunchng!vknlnhngschlccamttrnthngnht...
ivinhngngCSchuu,iHi5thitlpmthngivphat.KarlRadek,
ngicvncangCScblichosthtbicacuckhinghanm1923.Cng
DinVvHoiAn
64
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
tavmtcchgintip,Trotskybphbnhlhiulmschlccamttrnthngnht
nhlmtlinhiphucviphongtrodnchxhi[60].Nhngcngnnlurng,
theoRadekvlnhoCScBrandler,linhipnycphchunbiQTCSvonm
1923 [61]. Vic QTCS v gii lnh o Nga mt mc li cho nhng ngi thc hin chnh
schtiaphnglimbotrcchonhnggsxyrasauvcamttrnthng
nhttiTrungQuc.iunnlunalTrotskykhngbaogilnginghchovichp
tcvitnglpdnchxhi.TrongbnTuynNgncaiHiNmQTCSKNimMi
NmChinTranhThGiiBngN,nglnnnhngthnhvindnchxhicvvai
trcahtrongsthtbicacuckhingha1923:Rrngltrongnhngthikhcquan
trng,thikhcgiassngvcichtcagiaicptsn,khitnglaicagiaicplaong
angbedo,nhngkdnchxhihimcphhoimttrnthngnhtcagiaicp
cngnhn,dnnslngltronghngngcngnhn,lmnglngvclpngcng
sn,vtrthnhkcmtrchchobntbnphnng[62].Trongvinmsauquanimny
c cng c vng chc trong t tng ca QTCS v c Stalin truyn b rng ri trong
nhngnm19281929.
NhnnhcaibiungiPhpAlbertTreintvmttrnthngnhttmttquanim
ang thnh hnh trong i hi: Mt trn thng nht l mt sch lc nhm huy ng qun
chngcchmngvkhngphilmttchclinminhvinhngngicmudnchx
hi.(...)NhngchnhquynLaongvCnhTtorabinndnchtsntmcs
hngngtbntrongnhngngphicachngta...utranhchnglichnghatsn
hnbaogihtlngnghaviutranhchnglidnchxhibnngoi,cngnhu
tranhchnglithnhphnhukhuynhbntrongQTCS.Trongbidinvnbmcihi,
ngni:ngthichngtacng:ChnglisxabvicBolshevikhoCSNga;nghvic
Bolshevikhoccnganhem,nghvicnhnthcrngQuctCngSn,trongtinhthn
Lenin,phitrthnhmtngBolshevikquct[63].
Dmitry Manuisky, mt thnh vin ni ting Php ca QTCS t Ukraine, ngi c cho l
xngngnvinchoquanimcaStalin,giithiutrciHischlcmttrnthng
nhtchoccthuca.ngnulnvicCSTrungQucphphnccthnhvinngny
thamgiavoQucDnnglphnbigiaicp.ngthanhnrngnhngngicngsn
phikhologiaviclidngnhngschlccamttrnthngnhtangcchmngho
ccncphngng,vvicmticimringbitcagiaicph.ngcngkhaithi
rngnhngngicngsnchucnnkhngnhnghptcviccngtiutsnm
cniutrongvictphphlitrongnhngqucgialchu[64].Cncvomtbcth
ngvitvonm1925tQungng,HChMinhkhnghbnkhonvschlchptc
vtrtrnny.phntibtcabcth,vitchoccidinPhptiQTCS,ngyucuh
linlcviyBanNghinCuThucacaCSPhptiParistmhiuxemNguynTh
TruyncgianhpCShaykhng.Nuc,HyucuhralnhchoTruyngianhpNhm
LpHinvathnhlptiParislngonnhmny(pourlanoyauter)[65].
DinVvHoiAn
65
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
DsaotrntngthManuilskycnthnkhngiquxakhixcnhnschlccamttrn
thngnht.Phnlnnhngphtbiucangnhmvonhngvntquytcaccquc
giavngBalkanvtrungu.TnhhiuqucangchcchngimthiuvvicM.N.Royb
trutph.Tnm1920RoycngkhaibtngvinhgicanhngngvinSVitv
phongtrodntcticcncthuca.RoychorngQTCSnnquantmhnnantng
lpcngnhncchmngvcbitlgiaicpnngdnccncthuca[66].Khingtr
thnhthnhvinvilphiuchnhthccaBanChpHnhQTCS,kincangcnhiu
trnglnghn.PhtbiucaHtrongcuctranhlunmtitrchdntrn,nmtrong
phin hp th 22, sau pht biu ca Roy v Katayama. R rng l H ng h ch trng v
thuca caQTCS,nhnglikhngtrctipi ph vivnytranhcicamttrn
thngnht.ngchiaxviRoynimtinrngcchmngchuuphidatrnstinbca
phongtrogiiphngticcncthuca,vcvsnsngaramttholunvphng
cchqungbquanimny.MctiucanglstrtrcaCSPhp.ngcnixahn
trongviccnhborngdnchngthucaanghngvnhngtchcdnchcptin
nhLinonNhnQuyn...vnhngthnhphnnycgngidinhoctralcho
thyhlmmtcigychongidn[67].
Sau i Hi 5 QTCS, H Ch Minh cn tham gia vo i Hi 3 Cng on Quc T (Red
InternationalofTradeUnions,cngilProfintern,thnhlpnm1921).Mtlnna,ttng
chocangvnltnhcnhkhncngcatncmnhvsmongminhngngch
ngiPhpnghnhngngianhemlmthanticcvngthuca.Trongbnbocodi
nmtrangcangtrci Hi,ngara tnh hnh lclng cng nhntrngthnhti
VitNamangchictchc.Cnhngcngtyviconsththuynrtcao,ng
ni:3.000ngitimtnhmysiBcK,4.000ngiticcmthanVnhHLong;8.000
cngnhnhoxav30.000cngnhntinhmyXiMngPortland.Nhngcngnhnnylm
victrongtnhtrngvcngkhnkh,theoliH,t12n14tingmtngy,vcnhnth
na ti cc n in. Khng c vn v hu tr hoc bo him tai nn lao ng; cng nhn
khng cphpnh cng[68].Ti t hn na l ti VitNamangtn ti ba loihnhlao
ngmHgilbaloihnhnl[69].utinlnhngtkhsaicccnhmyhoc
ninvaymn hlmvictrongkhitrn ngi phieo gng xing.Knl nhng
ngituilmphutpdchcv(corvelaongcngchND)t18n60tui.
Con s nht nh cho nhng ngy lao ng cng ch thc s ch nm trn l thuyt, H ni;
Trnthctnlvthihn.Khimtconknhcnohocmtonngcnphoc
sa,nggiithch,thlicmtcuctnghuyngkodinvithng.Loihnhthba
lnhngngiphucchiumasanglmvictinhngthucacaPhpvng
oThiBnhDng,nimtheoliH,hbbnchoccchninvxnghipngi
u.
Tnhtrngcacngnhnvcngtit,nhngkhnghnlvvng,Hphtbiutrci
Hi:VistrgipcacctchccchmngmchyulCngonQucT,chngtac
thphtangngxingpbccachnghatbn.NhngnhngngingchPhpphi
cnhimvthitthcgipmtcchhiuquvthctchkhngchbnglinim
DinVvHoiAn
66
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
thi.Hthoramtvnbnchnhthc,kugicccngonPhpnghquyncthnh
lphioncadnbnxvnghphncngtnhtlhaicnbtchcnngDng
[70].Reynauld,ibiuPhptvtnthnhnhngnghtrnnhngkhngaramthu
thunchnhthcivikinnghcaHvcngoncangkhngtichnhacn
btchcsangVitNam[71].
QuctCngSnvMtTrnThngNhtTrungQuc
S do d ca Quc t Cng Sn ang tch xa ra khi ci gi l mt trn thng nht thng
tngccuthnhbinhngthnglnggiatnglplnhong,vnghingvmt
trnthngnhthtng,torabivickugisnghnhngcnglnhvhnhngca
CStccthnhphncngnhnkhngcngsnvnngdn.Thtmamailngvothi
im ny, CS v nh nc Nga ang thc hin Lun Cng v Nhng Vn Dn Tc v
Thuc a ca Lenin bng cch gip t chc mt mt trn thng nht hon ton thng tng
gianhngngiqucgiaTrungQuctrongQucDnngvCSTrungQuc.Chnhsch
nyclkhngctrnhtholuntiQTCS;CharlesMcLane(GiossngiM
ND)chrarngylmtchnhschatngbaogmCSvcc cquanchnhphNga
[72].DnhngtholuntrongQTCStnhiucngcinratonb,nhngchchnlvl
dochnhtrnnnhngchnhschvTrungQuckhngctholuncngkhai.BNgoi
GiaoNgakhngmuncngkhaihovaitrcvncaBorodinchoTnDtTin,vngirng
n s lm lch hng qu trnh bnh thng ho quan h vi cc nn dn ch phng Ty.
(NhngtiliucaNgavacbchhognychothyBorodinlvinchcchnhthc
trongphibcaBNgoiGiaoNgatiBcKinh.LeoKarakhancnnhcvicrtBorodin
vo cuinm1923vsrngscngkhaicaTn Dt Tinv vaitrcvn caBorodins
mangtaitingchoBNgoiGiao[73])
CcutchccaQTCSvnhimvhnhngphngnglintcthayitnm
1919tri.trnhnhmlnvkhuvcvnhimvcanhngvnphngvbanbthca
ccccngPhngvVinng,tisgiithchvnttvnhngthayinychonthi
im1924.MtPhnCcngPhngcaQTCScthnhlpvothng12,1919theoquyt
nh ca Ban Chp Hnh, nhng n gt hi c nhng g th khng r [74]. Vo thng 7
nm1920mtphnccNhnDnPhngngcthnhlp,trcthucPhnBSiberian
caCSNgaIrkutsk,trongkhimtPhnBngPhngcacaBanChpHnhQTCS
raivothng5nm1920tiVladivostok[75].RivothngGingnm1921mtbcmi
c thc hinlin kt cc cquanctrch nhim v vngVin ngthucCS Ngav
QTCS. Phn cc Nhn Dn Phng ng ti Irkutsk c i thnh i din ca QTCS ti
Vinngdi hnhthcBanBTh.nthng 3nm1921csumitmnhnvinti
banny,trongcnhlnhotnglaicaMngClChoibalsan[76].Choncuinm
1921banbthcbnbphn:MngCTyTng,TrungQuc,TriuTinvNht[77].
DinVvHoiAn
67
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
NhngtiiHi4vothng121922mtbnbocochothyrngbphnphanglm
vickhngtheomtchngtrnhcthnovhontonvtchc[78].Vthmmtch
thtitchclicbanhnh.MtccuhpnhtcthnhlpvcnglimangtnCc
ng Phng v Karl Radek c b nhim l ngi ng u vo thng 5 1923. Ph t ca
nglGrigoryVoitinsky.BaphnbcthnhlptrcthucCcngPhngl:PhnB
Cnng,gmThNhK,AiCp,Syria,Palestine,Morocco,Tunisia,AlgeriavPersia;Phn
B Trung ng gm n thuc Anh, ng Dng v Nam Dng; v Phn B Vin ng
gm Nht, Triu Tin, Trung Quc v Mng C [79]. S lng l v cng c l l tranh chp
quynlclmthayinhanhchngvicqunlcchotngcaPhnBVinng.Ngay
sauiHi4,vothng12nm1922,yBanVladivostokcaCcngPhngQTCSc
thnh lp, bao gm Voitinsky, Sen Katayama v Maring. Nhng n thng Ging nm ti,
PhngTChccaBanChpHnhQTCSxutvicthitlpmtBanBThVinng
bo co trc tip vi Ban Chp Hnh QTCS m khng l thuc vo Cc ng Phng. Vn
phngBanBThVinngcquynlcrnghnyBanVladivostok,bchnhthcothi
v thng 6 1923. Ban B Th mi cng nm quyn qun l nhn vin y Ban ny:Voitinsky,
KatayamavMaring.McdbanbthnyrrngltrcthucMoscow,VoitinskyvMaring
ginh phn ln thi gian lm vic ti Trung Quc [80]. C th hiu rng s thay i h thng
iuhnhucBChnhTrCSNgacholcnthitvnnm1923hquytnhquan
tmcnkhnvvicNgavQTCShtrTrungQuc.inhnhnhvonm1923BChnh
TrvcllchnhStalinchnMikhailBorodinnmvicgipTnDtTin[81].Ngayc
vo thi ca Lenin, Ban Chp Hnh QTCS b nhng thnh vin thuc CS Nga lng on
[82].
QTCSbtuthamgiavoviccvnchophongtrocngsnTrungQucvomaxunnm
1920,khiVoitinskylnutinnThngHigipTrncT(ChenDuxiuND)son
tho Cng Lnh ng Cng Sn Trung Quc vo thng 10 nm y [83]. Maring v mt phi
vinkhccaQTCSlNikolskycmttiiHithnhtCSTrungQucvothng71921
bococaMaringchothyrngngaravnlinminhgiacngsnvQucDn
ngtrongchuyniutincamnh,nhngbihibcb[83].Vthmnhngch
trngnghviclinminhviccphongtrodntcticcqucgiatintbnvnchl
mt tuyn ngn m khng c mt kt qu thc tin no. Vo thng 8 1922, Maring thuyt
phcc5lnhoticaocaCSTQchpthunmtchnhschgilKhichnhtrbn
trong[85].chnhschnykugittcccngvinCSTQthamgiavoQucDnng
trongkhivnginguynccuvmctiucaCS.
Vonm1923,ncNgaSVitnontrbtuvchramtcnglnhhnhnghtr
chnh quyn cng ho ca Tn Dt Tin min nam Trung Quc. Ch trng ny c pht
trintnhngmctiuingoicaNgatmkimngminhvanvbcichngc
theouivimttcnhanhhnlnhngthnhvinQTCSmun.CharlesMcLane(Gios
sngiMND)chrarngQTCSkhngtrctiplinquannnhngthnglngngoi
giaodnnsthothungiaAdolfJoffevTnDtTinvothngGing1923[86].Tho
ThunJoffeTnchngnhnstrgipcaMoscowcngnhschpnhnciukin
DinVvHoiAn
68
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
caTn.SauthkhngnhngchcQTCScungcpcvnchoTrungQuc,mcnccc
vntyBanTrungngngBolshevikNga,HcVinHngQun,CngonQucTv
onThanhNinCngSnQucT.SaukhiHchMinhnQungChuthNngDnQuc
Tcngcidintiy.
NhimvcaQTCSTrungQucgingnhlmtchinhnhcalnhsNgamtrong
nhng quyt nh cui cng u trc thuc s c quyn ca Stalin v y Ban Trung ng
CSNga.NhngchthcaQTCSviCSTrungQucchongianm1923chothymt
bin php cn trng i vi nhng ch ch ca Tn. V d nh ch th thng 5 1923 ca Ban
ChpHnhQTCSginiHi3CSTrungQucyucurngngnyphicgngthit
lpmtlinminhcngnng;nhngchthnylitiptc,khngcnphinirarngquyn
lnhophithucvngcagiaicpcngnhn...cngcCS,binnthnhngca
iasgiaicpvsn,toranhnglclngcagiaicpcngnhntrongcclinminh
ylnhimvhngucaccngvincngsn...[87].Nhngvictitchccaccc
quanctrchvngVinngcaQTCScthxemlbngchnglnhngcvncaQTCS
slmvic stcnh viyBanTrungngCSNgathnhlpmttrnthngnhtgia
CSTrungQucvQucDnng.Nhnitrn,vothngGingnm1923,cngthi
gianbnThoThunJoffeTnck,thBanBThvngVinngtrcthucBanChp
HnhQTCScngcthnhlp.KhiiHi3CSTrungQucchnhthcthngquachnh
sch Khi Chnh Tr bn trong vo thng 5 1923, hu trng c sp xp cho Mikhail
Borodin bt u nhim v ca mnh ti Qung Chu. Borodin (Mikhail Grusenberg),mt mt
phivindydncaQTCS,ngM11nmdytingAnhchodnnhpccngnh
tchcnhngngixhigcNga.BorodinriBcKinhnQungChuvothng91923.
NhimvcaHtiQungChu
SauiHi5QTCS,HChMinhcuicngthuytphccCcngPhngthchin
khochiTrungQuccang.Nhimvcanghnhnhkhngcnhnghamtcch
rrng.Dvy,khmtincrngnhngngilnhoQTCSkhngquantmnyu
cucang.Nhngtmlcvccskintronglthvitngy9thng9nm1924chothy
rlngrikhiMoscowvirtthuthun:
SauiHi5,CcngPhngthngbochotirng:1)hsgiithiutiviQucDn
ngvtisphilmvicchohvngoichiphchochuyni,Cckhngcmttrgip
ti chnh no khc; 2) ti n y vi t cch c nhn ch khng phi lm mt phi vin ca
QTCS;3)tikhngcbtclinhgvingchngta[clngmchCSPhpvngvn
lmtngvincan)khinTrungQuc.
Mcdnhngiukintrncvkhkhnnhngtivnchpnhnchngcikhini
y.bpchoiukin2v3,tiyucungmnhgichotimtynhimthn
CSTrungQuc,yucuhgiptilmvic.Vthkhkhntrncgiiquyt[88].
DinVvHoiAn
69
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Dvychuynicangvnbdili,lnnyldocucnichinvanratiTrungQuc.
QucDnngvnchatrlibcthcaCcngPhng.Vngykhihnhcatili
bdilivhnnh[89],ngvit.Nhngkhkhnnykhngxyra,ngtiptc,nu
khngvtrngitichnh.ngnghQTCSnnnginlchucptinngsngTrung
QucvngvnangchchucptinchngichikhngMoscow.
Vongy19thng9HvitthchoAlbertTreint,mtngvincaCSPhptrthnh
vin ti cao ca QTCS t i Hi 5. ng l thnh vin chnh thc ca Ban Chp Hnh QTCS
cngnhBanBTh.TrongbcthHnirkhkhncamnhtrongvnmusinhti
QungChu.Vickimsngkhnglmtkhkhnviti,ngaycmtncmtichbit
ngnngvitchkhngbitngnngni,nggiithch.Nhngtrongtrnghpcatith
cvitrngi,ngbsung.Trcht,ngthanphinrngngphisngbthpphptrong
mtthnhphyrymtvPhp.Thhai,ngphichontontdolmnhngg
mnhmunnhnghincutnhhnh,gpgmingivtchcmtcig.ngthnh
cuTreintlncuicngl nntrnh bytrng hp ca ng cho BanChp Hnh QTCS[90].
TreinttrnhbyviBanBThQTCS,cquancthmquynraquytnhnhanhchng,
ng ku gi Ban B Th yu cu Cc ng Phng xt li ngh tr gip ti chnh cho H:
TrongkhithcdnPhpangdngngDnglmbnpbtucanthipvoTrung
QucthykhngphillcCcngPhngctgimnlctingDngnuhc
mtchtthcchnhtr[91].
RrngllikugicaTreintthnhcng,vcuicngHChMinhncQung
Chukhongngy11thng111924.KhingbochomtngibntiQTCSvchuynica
mnh,ngnilngangtrtinhngchBorodinvihaihocbangchngiTrung
Quckhc.ngchobitachcamnhlLou,thucVnPhngROSTA,QungChu,Trung
Quc[92].Trongkhongthigiangia22thng9nkhiHnQungChu,aisp
xpchonglmcngvicthngdchchoROSTA,CQuaninBoNga,tinthncathng
tnxTass.VBorodiniTrungQucvomathu1924,vicnykhngthldongsp
t.RtckhnngldocngcanthipcaVoitinskymHtmcniltngnyti
Qung Chu. Voitinsky lc y quay li Moscow v quay li Trung Quc vo thng 11
1924[93].ThttrongvnkhQTCSchothyngcmtcvhocchimtiBcKinhtn
l Sam Slepak, ngi ny lm vic ti ROSTA trong nm 1923. V Slepark l Ph Cc ng
Phngvonm1922,tacthchorngmtnhnvinthngtrccaQTCSvROSTA
c dng nh l v bc cho hot ng ca QTCS [94]. Vic H c bo co trc tip vi
VoitinskykhinghotngtiTrungQuchaykhngthkhngr,nhngVoitinskyrtcth
lngithunhnnhngbocovitbngtingAnhcaHtQungChu(ChaiVoitinsky
vSlepak,cngnhBorodin,uthngthotingAnh,mtlithquantrnghotngti
TrungQuc).TrongkhicngvicthngdchvthngtnvincaHngchitiuhng
ngy nhng n khng to dng cho ng c mt v bc nh l mt phng vin thc th.
Trong l th u tin gi cho Nng Dn Quc T, ng yu cu h tip tc gi tn ng trong
danhschChtchonhocnuhquytnhrttnngrathnnaraldorngngb
DinVvHoiAn
70
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
bnhngkhngmunmingibitvicngnQungChuvngangsngbthp
phptiy[95].
Tmli,tacthkhngnhmtcchchcchnlHChMinhkhngcginQung
Chu nh mt ph t trc tip hoc th k cho Borodin nh trong nhng gi thit trc y
[96].Dvy,vthvquanhcangtrongQTCSgiaion19234vnlmtbn.Crttc
strongvnkhcaQTCSvvicHlmtthnhvintntuitronggiaitnglnhongang
hng vi Manuilsky, hoc c ai u [97]. M.N.Roy, mt nhn vt y n tng ni
c nhiuthtingngigcBrahmanBengalnilntrongchnhtrngcaQTCSgiai
ontnm1920,chnhlibiukcuchoccvnthucatiiHi5QTCS.iur
rtlHthchhpvichtrngmttrnthngnhtchoccthucahnlRoy,vvth
cManuilskykhuynkhchnglntingtiiHi.NhngkhngnhRoyvnhngngi
gckhchotngtrongQTCStrongnm1924,Hkhnghidinchomtngcngsn
chunoc.ChaiSemauncaNamDngvSenKatayamacaNhtccvoBan
ChpHnhQTCSnm1924cthlvhidinchonhngphongtrocngsntngi
lnmnh.
Hnna,sngcmHiviquanimcaManuilskykhngngnghavinhngc
n.TrongmtlthgiPetrov,lnhoCcngPhng,Hthanphinvgitinthunh
m ng phi tr cho nhng tin nghi ti t ti Khch sn Lux cht chi. Trong nhng thng
Chp,thngGingvthngHai,ngvit,Tiphng176,lunc4hay5ngichung.Ban
ngythkhngngtnolmcntrcng vic cati.Banmtilibrncnkhngth
nghngic.Tthng3,ngcchuynsangmtcnphngn,ngni.Vidintch
chtchivcginntrongphngtisovinhngphnglnhn,thoimihn,nhiu
n,inthoi,phngtm,tquno,sofa,vnvn...vigiphichngthstinhbtti
phitrththtkinhkhng[98]VigingiucakbsnhcHnhnhngcmthyrng
mnhbixthnnhngngichuuhocctmcnhRoy.
ntngtrongnhngthtlinlccaHChMinhtrongsut14thngsngtiNgalni
bctcvsbtngcaQTCS.iunycthphnnhthctcaQTCSlchnhncng
khng c c mt ng li chc chn hoc v vic u tranh b phi gia Trotsky v
Zinoviewthuhtmiquantmcagiilnho.VthngvincaHtrongCSPhp
cthlmchotnhhungcangthmphctpnhhngcaTrotskyiviCSPhp
cngngkvnthngGingnm1923ngvncngiaochccvncaQTCSchoCS
Php, vi Jaques Doriot l ngi ph t [99]. Trong bi mn chnh tr ny, H Ch Minh c v
nhhcccchngxvinhngcpquynththeouinhngmcchcamnh.
PhongcchcangkhcbithnviRoyStrngcaRoyltranhlunlthuyt,vn
nm1929ngbyrakhiQTCS.HthycthqungbkhochcamnhviAlbert
Treint,mtngicnhttheopheZinoviev,mcdHkhnghontonngvivimi
quanimcaTreint.KhinQungChu,HvitthchomtngnghiptiMoscow
rngTreintutranhhtmnhngncTrungQuc[100].Duhiuutinvv
thchnhtrkhnghontonvngchccaHtrongQTCSchxuthinvokhongcuinm
DinVvHoiAn
71
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
1927v1928,khingbtuchunbquaylichu.ncuinm1927AlbertTreintbtrc
xutkhiCSPhpvnhngaitrngnngunvsthtbicachnhschcaStalinv
mttrnthngnhttiTrungQucubtditmnghivn.
DinVvHoiAn
72
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
CHNG 3: THI GIAN TI QUNG CHU V NHNG

HQU(19248)
McdHChMinhkhngnictingQungChunhngkhitchnnbncngnhit
inyngvnccmgiccamtchuynhihngsaubaocchtr.QungChulmt
tinnchonhngchinsVit NamtdotkhitriuiMnChuspvonm1911.
NhngnhnghyvngbanucangiVitvhuthuncacnghoTrungHoatrongvic
giptinbcvvkhchocuckhinghachngPhpnhanhchngtiutan.Victng
cngnpcaPhptiVitNamtronggiaionChinTranhThGiithIcngvinh
hngmnhtcaTnDtTintiTrungQucdnnnhngthtvngngcaycangi
cmuphongtrochngPhpPhanBiChu.Nhnghotngphhoivimcchku
gisquantmcachnhphTnDtTincngnhchnhphctrongthikchintranh
lmmtimtsthnhvintrungthnhcaQuangPhcHi[1].Sauvtbomgithai
itPhptimtkhchsnHNithng4nm1913,byngibxthnhv57ngi
khc b cm t, trong c hai ngi em ca Phan Vn Trng [2]. Bn thn Phan Bi Chu
cngbgiamtimtnhtTrungQuctrongnhngnm191417,saungndttiHng
ChuvkimsngbngcchvitbichotboQunS[3].
HChMinhxuthintrongbicnhyvothng111924,volcshtrqunscaNga
tiQungChuangnmctiavikhong50gingvin[4].Chuyntuchvkhu
tin t cng Vladivostok n Qung Chu vo ngy 8 thng 10 [5]. Mt trn thng nht gia
CSTrungQucvQucDnngcchnhthchotrongiHiQucDnngln
1 vo thng Ging 1924, khi vic thnh lp trng qun s Hong Ph trn sng Chu Giang
cphchun.CngthigianbangvincngsncngcbuvoBanChpHnh
TrungngQucDnng,trongkhi6ngvincngsnkhc,trongcMaoTrch
ngcnglnhngthnhvinngc[6].ThigianHsngtiTrungQucchonthng5
1927,trnghpvithiimthnhcngchnhtrcachnhphtiQungChu.ngtn
dngckhongthigianylithcamttrnthngnht,thigianmnhngngilu
vongVitNamtiTrungQuccthtdohpthnhngbihcvtngmitnhngc
vnngiNga,tnhngvnqunsnllunchnhtrvphngphptchc.Khth
DinVvHoiAn
73
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
sisctiTrungQucgipdylnmtlnsnghotngchnhtrmitiVitNam,ni
cng cung cp nhng thnh vin mi cho lc lng ni dy trong tng lai min nam
TrungQuc.imchnhcachngnyslvicHlidngnhngbicnhtrnnhth
notodngmmmngchongcngsnVitNam.
Dth,thtqunginnuchorngnhngnmthngcaHtiQungChuchlmtk
truyngiotMoscownciomingiquachnghacngsn.Mttrnthngnht
cnglmtkinhnghimnghcchongcngnhnhngngiVitNamkhcsngqua
giaionny.HnvothiimcaotrocakhinghanngdntitnhQungChum
ngcnhimvphntchvcvdidanhnghacaNngDnQucT.yllnutin
ngtipxcvigiaicp nngdnchuktthu thiuthitiTrung phnVit Nam,v
chcchclnnhdumtbctinquantrngtrongqutrnhchuynbincangt
mttuyntruynvintrthnhmtnhtchccchmngthcth.Mttrnthngnht
giaCSTrungQucvQucDnnglilmthintngchnhtrphctphimthym
mtthigiansaunvnbemratithmnhvphphn.Cuicngkhimttrnnytan
vvonm1927,unibtrthnhmtphntrongcucutranhgaygtcholinhhn
caphongtrocngsnthgii.Stanrcamttrnthngnhttrthnhkhunmucho
nhng ngi cng sn vi nhng mc ch khc nhau c hai tro lu Stalinist v Trotskyist
udngnchngminhrngkhngbaogitinvonhngngminhtsn.HChMinh
v nhngng hng triquathik hnlon nykhng hontonrtrabihcging
nhau.CthlnhnghcvinVitNamsngtiTrungQuctronggiaiontanrcamt
trn thng nht tr thnh nhng ngi cc oan nht trong giai tng chnh tr Vit Nam.
PhncuicachngnysphntchnhnghqunyvvtrcaphongtrocngsnVit
Namvounm1928.
CbanguntiliuchnhvgiaionnytrongsnghipcaHChMinh,mitiliuphn
nhmtquanimkhcnhauvnhnghotngcang.Trchtlnhngbocovth
tcanggincccquancaQTCSctrchnhimgimstnhnghotngcangv
vicktnpnhngcnbkhungchomnglicngsnVitNam.Knlnhngthtca
ng gi cho Nng Dn Quc T, trong cho thy ng tch cc tham gia vo phong tro
nngdntiQungng,cbitltrongnm1925.NguntiliuthbaltngthPhp,c
thlnhngbococaipvinSLimPhngctnlLmcTh(cnctnlNguyn
CngVin,NguynChVinhocHongChnng).
LmttrongnhngphtchlccaPhanBiChu,tngttnghipHcVinQunSBc
Kinh,LmcTh(cngilipvinPinot)smtrthnhmtthnhvintrongnhmb
mt ca H. L con trai ca Nguyn Hu n, mt mt ng hc vi cha ca H ti Trng
Quc T Gim Hu [7]. Nhng bo co ca Th gi cho S Lim Phng i khi bao gm
nhng nhn nh su sc v phng php hot ng ca H, nhng phn ng thng l
nhng tng thut t nhng tin n gin tip, ging nh nhng mt v khc ca S Lim
Phngtnglm.VicnychcthgiithchldoThkhngltsuvochngngtin
cncaHnhngcngcthldoThkhngbocottcviSLimPhng.Nhng
DinVvHoiAn
74
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
cngtcvincaTh,trongcchaingminhgnginhtviHlLHngSnvH
TngMu,utinrngLmcThchtruyntnhngthngtinvbchongiPhp
nhntinthngemgipchotchc[8].
Cngbngmni,rrnglSLimPhngcnggthicnhiuthnhqutshp
tccaLmcTh.Rrnglnglmtipvinvcngqugitnhtlchonnm
1929.ngrtttinvgitrcamnhnnlintcyucutngtinthng.Vdnhvo
thngChpnm1926,ngthanphinrngtinlngcamnhbchmtrvhnthna,
ngvit,tichngnhnctonbstincnthiuvnhngchiphlinlcanglmti
phsn[9]LmtthchpnhtiQungChu,ngchphnhrtnhiuthnhvinva
thamgiavonhmhotngcaHChMinh[10].NhngbcnhnycngiPhp
s dng trong giai on 19301 nhn din nhng nghi can cng sn. D vy, n tn cui
nm 1929 nhng ngi cng sn min nam Trung Quc mi v l rng lng trung thnh ca
ThchdnhchongiPhp[11].Vounm1925,ThtmcchnhngngiPhp
rngHChMinhnTrungQucdibdanhLThy[12].MicgngcaHnhmgi
bmtvshinhucangivingiPhptrnnvch.
Bcutchc
Hthngbovicngn Qung Chucho nhngng scng sntrongmt stht
ngy12thng11nm1924.ngborngngnnimtngytrc[13],mcdtrong
thnglivitnhngchngkinrtnhiuskinxyratiTrungQuclcbygi.Mt
trong nhng l th c ni dung tng thut trc tip vic b Fanya Borodin, v ca Mikhail
Brorodin, t chc phong tro ph n Trung Quc ra sao [14]. C th ng i xa ln n
Thng Hi vi Voitinsky, ngi t Moscow quay li Trung Quc vo thng 11. D g i
na,ngmauchngtipcnvtchclinlcviCquanROSTA,nichucpngunthu
nhpcangtrongthigiansngtiQungChu.Vnquantmcpbchnhttrongth
nc cng ho Trung Hoa lc y l chuyn i ca Tn Dt Tin n Bc Kinh, v tng thng
QucDnnghyvngcththnglngvmthohonchnhtrvicclnhchapha
bc[15].HvitbngtingAnhvilihnhvnsctchthnglchomtngibnvdanh
QTCS: Ti vn cha gp g ai c. Mi ngi y u bn rn v chuyn du hnh ln
phngBccaBcsTn[16].TrongbcthgichoTomasDombal,tngbthNngDn
QucTngiBaLan,ngxinlivkhngthngbochonhnguvinbanchphnhv
chuyniTrungQuccang.QuytnhchochuynitMoscowcaticara
rttngtvtikhngcthigianbochongbit,ngvitbngtingPhp.Saung
tngthutvicnhngnngdncngkhctchcrasaodisbohcaQucDn
ng,nhnglidischocanhngngicngsn.ylchituytvichovic
tuyntruyncachngta[17].
H gi danh mt n ng vin Quc Dn ng c tn l Loo Shing Yan vit bi tng
thutvphongtrophn.nggikmvimtlthgiithiuchomttbothphn
DinVvHoiAn
75
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
[18].KhiticnlmvictiQTCS,ngvit,Tirthnhnhchptcviqubo.Hin
naytimongmunctiptchptc.Nhngvtianghotngbthpphptiy
nntisginhngbibodidngnhnglthtTrungQuc,vsktncamtph
n.Tichorngvicnysgipchnggictnhnguynthuvadng,vngthi
cngbombmtchoti.NgaykhiHnhnnhimvlmtthngdchvinvtuyn
truynvinchoROSTAchnhnlngtmcchlinlcvinhngngiVitluvongsng
rircminnamTrungQuc.Vocuinm1924nhngnginydngnhkhngcmt
tchcchtchno.Hcthunhpvonhnghcvinhocquniaphng,c
thlquniVnNamcatngYangXimin,angchiasquynlctitnhQungng
chongianm1925.MtskhcnhthlnhphinqunngiVitgcHoalTamKam
Say, mt th ph, kt giao vi bn bun thuc phin v trm tru vng bin gii. Ngay c
trckhiHnTrungQuc,vthcaPhanBiChutrongthnhphnluvongngiVit
cng tr nn m nht hn thi k trc chin tranh. Trong khong thi gian 1923, mt s
tronghbtugydngmttchcmilytnlTmTmXvkhngmiPhanBiChu
thamgia.ThanhdanhcangbhoenbilunthuytvshptcPhpVitmng
vittheochth caPhan BNgc,mt ngi luvong vbtnh nghi lchimchoPhp.
Phan B Ngc l con trai ca th lnh dn tc Phan nh Phng ngi Ngh Tnh, Ngc b
thuytphcbinhnghahncicchcaTonQuynSarraut[19].ngbmstviti
danhphnbibiLHngSnvonm1922theolnhcaCng[20].
TmTmXbtukhiphclimtsmngliquyngptrongnccaPhanBiChu,
vvothng61924hthchinmtvnhbomnhmvoTonQuynPhpMerlinang
iquaQungChu[21].TrongkhitiliucaHNivhikcaPhanBiChuukhng
nhnmnhvicny,LHngSnsaunykhainhnviSLimPhngPhpvvaitrlnh
ocaNguynHiThntrongvmust.NguynHiThnlmtngiqucgiagcmin
bcthamgiaphongtroPhanBiChunm1905vlmtdusinhtiNht.Chuynkrng
ngtmgpmtkphnlonngiHoalsquantrongquniVnNamangntr
tiQungChu,nginygipngchtohaichiccpngbom.Mtchicctti
khutgiiPhplSaDinbimtngiluvongtnlPhmHngThigidngmtnhip
nh vin. Qu bom n git cht ba khch ngi Php nhng khng trng Merlin [22]. Phm
HngThichytrnvbchtuitrnsngChuGiangvtrthnhmtanhhngdntc.
iucaynglvothiimvinhquangnycanhngngiVitqucgia,cxemnh
lmnkhiuchotrnchinmichnglingiPhp,cnglthiimmLmcTh
vachimclngtincaLimPhngPhp.Nhngngchcangchorngchnhng
botrcvingiPhpvvnhbomvcnggiaonpchipcpngbomthhaicho
hlythng[23].
VicmstMerlindngnhgipPhanBiChugiatngsinhlc.ngnQungChu
vocuimah,vithngtrckhiHn,hivinhngngiluvongVitNamv
tipxcnhngcvnNgavaccittiHcVinQunSHongPh[24].Vothi
imyclnggipmtsmntrcamnhcthunhnvotrngnynhstn
tm t vn phng ca mt lnh o Quc Dn ng l Liu Trng Khi (Liao Zhongkai
DinVvHoiAn
76
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
ND)[25].ngcngbnthoviccnghngluvongvviciQuangPhcHitrthnh
VitNamQucDnng.Hthnhlpmtsuban,datrnccutchccaQuc
DnngTrungQuc,theotronghikcang[26].Nhngnthng111924Phanliquay
vHngChuvliychonthng6nmsau.
TrongsnhnghcvinngiVittheohctiHcVinHongPhvomathu1924cL
HngSn,LHngPhongvLQungt,ulngiNghAn[27].Nhngmtshcvin
theohctiHongPhkhonggianm1925lnhnghcvinthucquniVnNamtrong
nm 1924, c l di quyn ch huy ca Nguyn Hi Thn. Nhng ngi ny gm c: Hong
Lng,LuBch,NgChnhQuc,vLiuKhcThanh,theobococaLmcTh.Cng
viNguynHiThn,nhngngiluvonglntuikhcnhinhTDnvngSMc
lmnchcsquanquniVnNam.Cngnnnhrngchonmathu1924,Hong
Phchvamcacvithngvvncntronggiaiontchc.Vothng101924,y
BanTrungngCSTrungQucnirrnghkhngvalngmyvicungcchlmvic
cahcvin.HbocoviBorodinrngnhngkphinlonangcmuhcvinvmt
strungonkiumuvathnhlpnmtrongtaynhngnginy.Hangsdng
tinbccanglmnhngvicquiqugkhngaibit,hvittrongth[29].Vthrt
khmbitcchtlngvqunsvchnhtrmnhnghcvinngiVitthucnhng
khoutinhcc.
HChMinhnQungChuvomtthiimthunli,khingiVitvanhnrac
timnngcaphioncvnNganhnglichaquytnhcsphilmgsauvnh
bom m st Ton Quyn Merlin. Phan Bi Chu ang Hng Chu, qu xa ng vai tr
quytnhvnhngcngtchngngyngaycnunhngngiluvongtrsnlngng
tham gia vo nhng tho lun ca h. L mt thnh vin trong phi on c vn Nga v l
ngitngsngtinhcaBorodin,Hcclithtrongvictmkimhuthunchot
chc ca nhng ngi quc gia m sau ny tip thu nhng ng li t chc chnh tr
Leninist ca ng. Nhng tm c h tr ti chnh t phi on Nga th khng d dng nh
ngitangh.Hnna,tnhhnhnibcanhngngiVitluvongcnglnglohnl
mingivnngh.Trongthigiantthng12nthng91925Htriutpcmts
thanhninctcnchotchccngsnnguynthu,astronghvngilngtrungthnh
chonkhingrikhiQungChuvonm1927.Nhngqutrnhny,cnhntheomt
gckhcnhlmtthnglicahcthuytMarxistLeninistvphngphptchccng
nh ti vn ng ca H cng vi gi thit v s phn bi ca Phan Bi Chu, vn cn nn
nghincukhnlnhngtiliumsschcngsnVitNammunchngtatinvo.
TrnlluncanhngngichngcngvvicHChMinhnmquynlnhotiQung
Chu,thngchimchongiPhpbtPhanBiChunhmmcchthanhtonith
tht s ca mnh. Chuyn k rng H mt bo cho cnh st Php v nhng hot ng ca
PhanvlangnmtachthuctgiiqucttiThngHi,vvchsyunc
ny b bt ti y [30]. Ngoi l do tr kh i th, mt nguyn nhn khc gii thch cho
hnhngcaHlngmunlnhstinthngmngiPhptreogiichociuca
DinVvHoiAn
77
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Phan Bi Chu. Ngi ta cng cho rng H tnh ton rng vic bt gi Phan s gy nn
nhngphnitiVitNamvdosthcyphongtrokhngPhp[31].
Nhng cn c theo bo co ca Lm c Th th dng nh H khng dnh lu n vic ch
im Phan cho S Lim Phng. Nhng bo co ny nu r rng Th thng bo vi ngi
Php t lu v nhng hot ng ca Phan, t nht l t nm 1924 [32]. V th khi ngi Php
quytnhnlcbtPhan,hkhnggpmykhkhntrongvictmkimduvtca
ng.ngbbtvothng71925(cthlkhngphivothng6nhasgithitda
trnnhnghiccaPhan)vbgitrvHNi.(LmcThbocorngPhandnh
nQungChuvocuithng71925;lcyngvnchabbt,cnctheoboconyvo
cuithng6,1925[33]).Vothng111925,ngbtuynnkhsaichungthn.Chindchphn
ibnncangbinthnhhnglotnhngcucbikhovbiutnhtrntonqucm
ktqulthcynhiusinhvindnthnvoconnghotngbmt.Trnthct,
phintoxPhanBiChugipqungbphongtrokhngchintiTrungQuc,cnc
theolikhaicamtnhhotngbbtnm1931.
Ngithanhnin20tuiTrnVnThanhkhairng,vnPhanBiChumrachomi
ngi thy s hin hu ca nhng nh cch mng Vit Nam ti Trung Quc, c bit l ti
Qung Chu. Hc sinh chng ti khng bn g ngoi chuyn 5 nghn binh lnh ca qun i
Hong Ph [34]. n thng Chp 1925 vin Ton Quyn mi l Alexander Varenne phi
nhngbgimbnncaPhanxungthnhqunthctigiachungthn.Nhngthtkhm
tinrngHcthtinliutrchqucavicPhanbbtlidngnmtcchtitnh
nhngitacobucng[35].
Hnna,thtkhnhnravsaoHlimuntrkhPhan,vtrongnhngbcthcamnh
ngchorngmnhcnhiuthnhcngtrongvicthuytphcnhngphntutnht
tronghngngVitNamQucDnngnghetheoquanimcamnh.VnkhPhpclu
gimtlthcaPhanBiChugichoHvounm1925,chothyvsphugikhng
nghrngngvHlithcanhau,ngcncholHsbomchocngcucutranh
chngPhpclintcnthhsau.Ngoichu,cnaicthtincgnhvctrng
trchthaythta?nghi.Taritquckhignttun,Phanvit,vtakhngthgi
bcnhnggta hcvthm tnghinti catacngkhngkhcgngyxa.
ChuhcxahiurngviquanhiunihnBcmiln,trmlnhn.Ttngv
khochcachuuhnhncatachucthchiaxmtvicngtcvitackhng?
nghi,dngnhvimtchtmamai.PhanBiChucnglbncnghuyncathnph
caHNghAn,conrcaPhanlVngThcOnhcnglngicnglngvithnph
caH.ChaianhchcaHuchunkhsaivnghnhngngchcaPhan.H
ChMinhchchndngPhanBiChunhmtbnhnchophongtrocamnhminlPhan
khngchnhngngncnkhochcang.
Khng phi l khng c vn cnh tranh trong ni b ngi Vit min nam Trung Quc.
NguynHiThn(cnctnlVHiTh,NguynCmGiang),chngbaolukhngc
cmtnhviLThy,vnunm1927tchcmtnhmkhngPhpring.ngvH
DinVvHoiAn
78
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
trthnhithchonnm1946.Nhngtrongnhngthngusinicathchcng
hotiQungChu,khimttrnthngnhtcxemlgiiphpchochaiphequcgiav
cngsn,skhcbittrongxuhngchnhtrcahchaltrngichoshptccahai
bn.HChMinhbitcchvndngthlcchnhtrngthinhngbchonhngngi
lu vong khc nm gi nhng chc v quan trng trong cc t chc m ng thnh lp. Vic
quniVnNambnhbivogianm1925cnggpphntchccchong,nhtathy,
bngcchsdngtrngHongPhnhlnguntipliuchnhtrongvicotovcung
cp viclmcho nhngngi Vit luvong. Nhn chung,nhng bngchngdo bo coca
LmcThcungcpcngnhnhngbococaHnQTCSgiprtraktlunrng
nhngngiqucgiaVitNamvnhngngicngsnnguynthuchathitlpc
nhngtchcvinglirrttronglnuHnTrungQuc.Nhngngiluvong
nhLHngSnvTrngVnLnh,haiphttincnnhtcaH,giquanhchtch
vichaiphatnhtlchonnm1928.Thtsailmnuchorngnhngngiluvong
VitNamcmtquanimrrngvstrgipcacngsniviphongtroclp
cahtrongnhngnm1924v1925.MtkhiHvncnnhngnggptchccchonhng
phngcchtchcvtimnnghuthunvtichnhthngvnclithhnnhngth
lnhlntuibbribingiNht.NhngkhiQTCStrnnchmchptrongvicp
ngnhngyucutrgipcang,Hlolngrngmnhsmtinhhngivinhng
ngiqucgia.Tisphntchnhngbngchnglinquannvnnydi.
Vo ngy 18 thng Chp 1924, H vit th cho Ch Tch on QTCS bo rng ng n
Qung Chu vo gia thng y. (Khng th gii thch c s khc bit v ngy n ca ng
trongthvvictrcyngnilnvongy11thng11.Cllngchngin
lmtheothiquennhgitsthtvinhngitngkhcnhau).Trongphntibtcal
thngbochoQTCSbitrngnglytnTrungQuclLThy.Vphnmnh,HCh
MinhnhbngskhnkhocangtrongvicniktviccphntVitNamluvong.
TigpmtsnhcchmngqucgiangiVit,ngvit,trongshcmtngi
riVitNambaminmnayvtrongthigianytchccmtscucnidychng
Php... Mc ch duy nht ca ngi ny l tr th cho t quc v gia nh b st hi bi
ngiPhp.ngtakhngbitgvchnhtrvcngkhngbittgvcngtctchcqun
chng.Trongnhngcucmnm,tinulnviccnthitcavictchccngnhsv
chcanhngcuckhinghathiutchc.Vngtanghetheo[37].Nutachoonvn
trnphngikhong10nmvchuynnhnvtnyrikhiVitNamthnglHang
nivPhanBiChu.NhngcnctheonhngthtcaPhantunm1925,thdng
nhhaingichagpnhau[38].Mtkhnngkhcvdanhtnhcanhnvtluvongtrn
l Nguyn Hi Thn hoc H Hc Lm, cng l ngi ng hng Ngh An nh Phan Bi
Chu,chavanhcangubPhpgithi.NhngLm,bccaHTngMu,vnang
HngChutrongthikmttrnthngnht.BococaPhpvtiuschnhtrcaHCh
Minhvonm1933chothyNguynHiThnlngiphhpnhtvimiuttrn.Bo
conycnirngkhiHnQungChu,ngkholothamkhoNguynCmGiang,
lcyanglnginmquynlnhoccnghngcamnh[39].Bnboconirng
DinVvHoiAn
79
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
vistrgipcaNguynCmGiang,Hgydngnnmttchcmi,nhngsaubt
ngngycnglngiahaingivGiangthnhlpmttchcringvikhngqu30
thnhvin. S chiar nytrng hp vi tng thut trong bo co caLm c Thvmi
quanhgiaHvNguynHiThn.NguynHiThn,cnctnlNguynCmGiang,c
vlngiknghipchoPhanBiChuchonkhiHChMinhxuthintrongchnhtrng
[40].
Tronglthvitngy18thngChpHlitknhngcngtcmngvnginghng
trncngnhauthchin.Hvchramtbiutchc.Nginghnglpramt
danhschcamingiVitNamcngtcvingtrongqukh;vHchnranm
ngitnmtnhkhcnhauemnQungChu.ngdnhhngdnhrigih
vlingDngsaubathngoto,saumtnhmkhcsthayth.ycngls
hot ng ca t chc tng lai mang tn Vit Nam Thanh Nin Cch Mng ng Ch Hi,
thnggittlThanhNinHi.NhngHchanigvcitnnyc,vtronghailth
vothngGingvthng21925nggitchccamnhlVitNamQucDnng(xinxem
phadi).acnhmngiutinnQungChu,ngcnkhong150ng[chc
hnllaM)cnlitchiphdichuyntMoscow.Nhngsauthsao?nghithng
thng.TichlmvicvigimtngytiROSTA,nhnglngcatikhngtitrang
trichocchctr,vsaukhihnQungChu,ckhnngltisdnhhthocphn
lnthigianchovicoto;tnhtrngtichnhcatistrnnvvng.Vthtiyucu
cc ng ch lm n ra lnh cho cc i din ti Qung Chu cng nn gip nhng ngi
ngDng[41].
n ngy 5 thng Ging 1925 H c th bo co: ng Dng Quc Dn ng c
thnhlpvongy3thngny,khiuvi3ngvin.ngvitbngtingAnh,vthrt
c th l ng vit cho Voitinsky vn thng tho Anh ng. Mt ng vin s c iu v
Annam(TrungKND)vLo.Mtngikhc(chalngvin)scginTonkin
(BcKND)anmngikhcquaQungChuhccngtctchc...Tronglcy,ti
cuxinngchhyralnhchoccngchNgaycngnnctrchnhimvinhngvn
ngDngbivmtmnhtischnglmcgnhiu[42].KhingvitthchoCh
Tch on QTCS vo ngy 10 thng Ging, ln ny bng ting Php, ng c th thng bo
rngQucDnngvaktnpthmthnhvintht.Nhngngthanphinrngng
phivaytintROSTAtrangtrichochiphilicaccphivin[43].
Vongy19thng21925HlivitchoChTchonQTCSchobitvnhngtintrinva
tc.Lnnyngbocorngtchcbmtcanghincchnthnhvin,haingi
trong s c gi v Vit Nam; ba ngi khc ang chin u trong qun i Tn Dt
Tin,ngni,vmtnginaangthchinnhimvqunschoQucDnng.Trong
chnthnhvinny,nmngicnglitngngcangCngSn(TrungQuc)[43].
H c gng hn ch cp n tn tui ca nhng ngi ny trong th t ca ng, nhng
chng ta cng bit t ti liu ca Vit Nam nm ngi y chnh l L Hng Phong, H Tng
Mu, L Hng Sn v Lm c Th; L Qung t, mt trong nhng hc vin u tin ti
DinVvHoiAn
80
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
HongPh,cllngithnm[45].TtcuxutxtNghAnngoitrLmcTh
ngigcThiBnh.NguynHiThndngnhngbnngoinhmctcncaThanh
NinHi,clvtcchsquancangtrongquniVnNam.nthng2Hcv
thnhcngtrongvicktniccuhinticaTmTmXvtsdngmnglic
caPhanBiChu:ngbocorngtchccamnhcmtcsvngchctiXim
anngitrongvngoinc.Cnmminngdnrtonktvtlunayh
phgipnhngcngtcny,ngvit.
Khi H chim c lng tin ca nhng ng hng, nhng hoch nh ca ng cng mang
nhiuthamvng.Tronglthngy19thng2ngclngnhngcngviccnhontt
trong1925stnkhong5.000la.ngcntinthitlpcstiQungChucngnh
nhngcsthngtintiQungTy;tivngccnamcaQungng;tiBangkok;tion
cuicatuynnghoxaBangkokTichkho(UdonThani?),nimtheolingchcnhai
mingyibtLacfach;vcuicngltiLachfach(Thakhek?),phatngnsngMekong
(trntLo),cchTrungKkhongmilmngyib.ngcngdnhgingivVit
Namthuthpvtruynbtintcvchomtskhclmvictrnnhngtuthuyngia
TrungQucvngDng.CuithngnhkmmtbnngDngvrtrrng
vinhngcstrncnhdu.
NhngtrongmtbnghinhkhngngyviuVnngDng,hnhnh
cvittrongnhngthngcuinm1925,ngvnkhngchcchnlmvvincnhcat
chc.VncvitbngtingAnh,cthlligichoVoitinsky.Trongimth4ca
bnghinh,cngnhmmcchxinthmtin,nggiithch:Nukhngcsgipvc
vncaccngchNga,tisgpkhkhntrnhmcphisailm.Nhngtischng
cgcnukhngclnhcangch.Vhcngchnglmcgchotivihaibntay
trng[46].imchnhcaliyuculHcnmtiugchoccnghngcamnh
thycbngchngchcchnvstrgipcangiNga,tngcthgicuytn
camnh.Trongim1ngvit:Nungchngtisgingaylptcmthochaihc
vin,iunyschophptithchinttcngtctuyntruyn,cthchngminhc
nhnggCchMngNgacthemlichonhndnthuca.iunycngchophpti
tginthng8chimclngtincanhngphnttttrongngDngQucDn
ng.
BococaSLimPhnggiphonchnhmtschititkhngrrngvhotngca
LThytrongnhngthngunm1925.Vongy4thng3LmcThboviidin
ngiPhp:LThyvNguynHiThnangroritlmvicthnhlpmttchcm
ticptrongphnphchcabocos121.PhanBiChukhngbitgvnhnghot
ngnycah[47].Tncatchcnykhngcnintrongbocohoctrongbn
tmttcaPhpvnhnghotngcaLThytrongvicktnpthnhvinttrongnc.
ydngnhlnlcutinphttrinmttchccbitnnhThanhNinHi.
Bnbocothng3vnhnghotngcaLThy,rrnglcncvonguntinca
LmcTh,dochthnTonQuynMerlink.ngghichrngphngphpchium
DinVvHoiAn
81
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
thnhvinnhvotmlcangiVitbngcchyucuthnhvinmiphituynth
trung thnh vi ng mi, nhng n cng trnh xa nhng m t so rng ca nhng nh
cchmngVitNamc.Khnghthynhcnnhngphngphpccoan,Merlinvit.
TacththyrngLThyxemlbcquantrngutinanhngthnhvinvo
nhng t chc c k lut, t s tun theo mnh lnh mt cch m qung [48]. Merlin v
cngntngbitmnhhngcanhngngiBolshevikvphngphpcah.Phn
tchcangvnglitchccnghtnhchnhHvit:Nhngngiqucgiatora
vicuc tn cng:hlunthiuonktvvnchathchim ccm tnh caias
qunchng.ngthyrngnglichngPhpkiumicthlmtnthngnvicgy
nhhngnngiPhpnunphttrinmtcchtdo.Nhngngramts
binphpngnchn,ngtrnanngilnhocamnhParis.
nuthng3L Thy thuyt phc cnhng ngi lu vongnggp nguyt lim
choqutuyntruyn.LThyngmithng200la,NguynHiThn300,inhTDn
100vLmcTh50la(cthThbocophnnggpcamnht i).Theoli
ThthHmithnglnhckhong300n400latinlngtcngvicdchthutca
mnh[49].Thbocovothng3rngNguynHiThnvLThythothunthiplp
mt mi quan h lm vic chung. ng gii thch:Mi ngi vn gi quyn t do hot ng.
NguynHiThntiptccxuchophngphpkhngbvLThyththchincngtc
tuyntruyncngsn.Vchaiutheouimtmcch,hgiplnnhaukhicdp
[50].
Dvy,cngtctuynngittrongnccvbchmtrtrongkhichnhquyncngho
TrungHoaangcngcquynlctrongnanmuca1925.NhngthnhvinVitNam
duynhtcktnpttrongncchlnmhocsunginthamgiacckhohcti
Hc Vin o To Phong Tro Nng Dn, v con r ca Phan Bi Chu l Vng Thc Onh
cng nm trong s . hiu c qu trnh pht trin ca nhng t chc cch mng Vit
Nam,tannlunnhngskinnibtcaqutrnhcngcquynlcny.Sphnca
nhngngiVitNamluvongphthucvoccuquynlcaphngtiQungChu
vctnhtrngcalinminhQucDnngCSTrungQucnichung.Nhtathy,rt
nhiu ngi trong s h ang phc v trong hng ng qun i Trung Quc. H Ch Minh,
cngnhmtsngiVitkhc,chcthdnhmtphnthigiancamnhchonhngvn
VitNam.TheobococaLmcThvocuinm1925,Hlmvicmisugimi
ngy,dchbichoROSTA,bocovphongtronngdnchoNngDnQucT,vtchc
cccsmsaunytrthnhhtnhncangcngsnVitNam[51].
T thng 2 n thng 5 1925 nhng hc vin Hong Ph v qun i Qung Chu tham gia
chindchtncnglnhchaTrnQunhMinh(ChenJiongminND)tikhuvcsngng
Giang,Qungng.LmtmigiiquynlcaphngtiQungng,TngTrnang
edotichimQungChutrongkhiTnDtTinvnBcKinhvisckhoangsuysp.
KhiTnquaivothng3,victranhginhknghipngvntiptc.QuniHong
Ph bao vy Trn nh s ng h ca nhng dn qun nng dn, nhng ngi ny thc hin
DinVvHoiAn
82
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
cngtcphhoicngnhcungcptintcvtuyntruyn[52].Bangitrongschnthnh
vinthuctchcbmtcaHcngthamgiachinunhHbocotronglthngy
19thng2.LHngSnphcvdiquynchhuycaChunLai(ZhouEnlaiND),chnh
u Tp on Qun s 1 [53]. Ri vo thng 5 nhng tng lnh ca qun i Vn Nam v
Qung Ty trc y tham gia Quc Dn ng l Yang Ximin v Lau Tchauwan [Liu
Chenhuan)nilonchnglilnhonncngho.NhngngilnhHongPhvaquath
thchlimtlnnaraqunvnhbilclngnilon.Skinnydnngchovic
thnhlpmtchnhphQucDnngclptiQungChudoHHnDn(HuHanmin
ND)nguvocuithng61925.ThnhcngchnhtrcamttrnthngnhtgiaQuc
DnngvCSTrungQucgilnnnhim.Schuyngiaoquynlcchnhtrti
aphngnhdumtthikmitrongtchccangiVit.Trchtsthttrn
caquniVnNamlmchoNguynHiThnmtichdaquynlc.LmcTh
bocongy15thng6rng:HiThnbnhbi.ngtakhngcnmtngilnhno
c.ngtaquayliQungChunhngvnchadmxuthin...ngtacnkitngunlc
v c v rt bun. Nhng hc vin trong on qun ca ng ang i st nhp vo i
qunQungChutheonghcaLThy[54].Nhnitrn,mtshtheohcti
trngHongPh.ThamgiainghcvinmichaingitNghAn,cuhcsinht
trng v b s quan ca Tp on Qun Qung Ty: Trng Vn Lnh v L Nh Vng (L
ThitHng)[55].
ViquynlcccngctiQungng,mttrnthngnhttngcngquantmn
phong tro nng dn v vic t chc cng nhn. Phong tro nh cng ngy 30 thng 5 ti
ThngHi(ShanghaiND)cnhanhchnghngngbicucnhcngtiHngCng
(HongkongND)vphongtrotychayhnghoAnhtiQungng.PhongtroHong
Cngcbtubngmtcuctngnhcngchnglicccngtyngoiqucvongy21
thng5cngngyHChMinhchorasutincaThanhNin,tunbonytip
tcxuthinchonthng51930.(Sutinc60nbnchchaibibo;nthng10,80
n bn c phn phi Xim, Qung Ty, Vn Nam, Hng Chu v Qung ng [56]) Vo
ngy 30 thng 5 Hi Lin Hip Cc Dn Tc B p Bc ra i: n l mt t chc ca nhng
ngi hot ngchng thucagmVitNam,TriuTinvn cngvi nhngngi
bo tr Trung Quc. Liu Trng Khi (Liao Zhongkai ND), tn thng c Qung Chu v
nginguphittrongQucDnnglmchtchhi,mtngiTriuTinvLm
cThlmphchtch.LThyqunlbanbthvtichnhcaphnbVitNam.Hi
nylmtccumimtrongHChMinhstoramttchccchmngmrngcho
ngiVittiQungChu.
HiLinHipCcDnTcBpBc(LHCDTBAB)thchinhaimctiucaH.Mcch
chnh ca n l chng t s hu thun ca nhn dn chu i vi cuc cch mng Trung
Quc, bt u l vic ty chay mu dch vi ngi Anh ti Hng Cng. Nhng truyn n
thnhlpHidoHvitbngtingHoaphnnhrtr[57].NgoiraphnbVitNam
trong Hi cng hot ng nh mt t chc c bn kt np v o to nhng ngi Vit
chngPhptronggiaion1925.ThnhvincaHi,trongcNguynHiThn,lnhng
DinVvHoiAn
83
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
ngiphthnhtboThanhNin.Mcdthng51925thngcxemlngythnh
lpThanhNinCchMngngChHi,nhngtheonhngbngchngcc,hiny
khngchnhthcxuthinnhmtngchnhtrthtschonkhongnm1926.Nvn
cha c mt cng lnh chnh tr v iu l chnh thc cho n u nm 1927. C th Thanh
Nin Hi c thnh lp trc nh mt t chc cho lp tr trong Hi LHCDTBAB v m
ngvaitrtuyntruyncaHi,theoLmcTh[58].MttiliulchsgnycaH
NivnhngnmthngcaHtiQungChuvnchorngtnchnhthcVitNamThanh
NinCchMngngChHicaravocuinm1925.Tiliutrchdnnhnghik
caVngThcOnhtrongngchorngmttchcctnlThanhNinCngSnon
c thnh lp ti Qung Chu, nhng ci tn Vit Nam Thanh Nin Cch Mng Hi l do
chnhngvLDuyimnghrakhiimquayvtQungChuvocuinm1925[59].
MtbntmttcangiPhpvnhngbococaLmcThvongy22thng71925
nurthlcmicaHtgia1925:NguyniQucquytnhnmquynlnho
canhmcchmngVitNamtiQungChu.Trongkhivnlmnhimvdchthutchob
phnthngtincalnhsqunSVit,ngtalmvickhngmtmisasonchocuc
cchmngtingDng.LthqucatchccchmngVitNam,ngisnglp,ch
btkiminncatThanhNin,ngitchccaHiLHCDTBABtiQungChu,hivin
cattcccnghiponlaongvtchccchmngQungChu,ngtathamdhu
htccbuihptiVnHoaCngCngviHcQungChu;nggpgnhngvch
nhdanhtingtinhmyXiMngQungChunhLiuTrngKhi,SieYngPakvHHn
Dn. Nguyn i Quc tm thy mt mi trng hon ton thch hp cho mnh ti Qung
Chu[60].
Vo cui thng 9 Lm c Th mt bo vi S Lim Phng rng H, Nguyn Hi Thn, H
Tng Mu, L HngSn vng ti mtcuc hpca phn b VitNam quytnhtit
chcnhngngicchmngVitNamQungTyvnililinlcvinhngngikhng
chin Bc K (Tonkin ND). H Tng Mu lnh nhim v trn ti Qung Ty trong khi
Nguyn Hi Thn s i Bc K. Th vit: Nguyn i Quc tin rng chng ti cn phi ti t
chcnhngnhmcchmngtrongncdatheonhngcstiQungChu...nhngphn
tngnghisbthngtaytrcxutnhlmtiQungChu[61].
LHngSnklitronglikhaiviSLimPhngnm1933rngtrongkhongmah1925,
mtnhm15ngiVitNamcHTngMuanQungChu.Mtstronghc
lcNguynHiThnvLmcThchium.Vomathu,LHngPhong,hinl
mt s quan trong qun i Qung Chu, ly ngy php a 7 ngi trong nhm quay li
bingiiVitNamquahngNamNinhvLongChu.Tibingiinggiaonhimvlicho
mt ngi bun lu Trung Quc, ngi ny dn h v n Bc K. Trong s 7 ngi ny c
Xun(NguynCngThu,emtraiLmcTh,saunytrthnhtuyntruynvinchoThanh
NinHitiQungChu),HongLn(LHuLp)tThanhHo,LDuyDungtNghAn,
v Nhn (Nguyn Ngc Ba) cng t Ngh An [62]. Vng Thc Onh, con r ca Phan Bi
Chu, ngi to dng c mt mng li a ngi Vit sang Trung Quc, c kt
DinVvHoiAn
84
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
npvotrongnhmnngctcaThanhNinHivounm[63].Nhnghcvinnyto
thnhmtphncakhohunluynchnhthcutincaThanhNinHimHnhc
ntrongthgichoQTCSvothng61926baogm10ngi[64].
Nhngkhnghongchnhtrlmginonnhngkhochaccnhmhcvinsang
QungChu.BnchthiuchinngycngtngcaQucDnngQungng,cngvi
vic ty chay mu dch vi Anh thc y vic thnh lp mt lin minh quyn lc mi ti
minnamTrungQucgianhngphntcnhhutrongQucDnngvnhngthlc
quc.MttrongnhngduhiuvstanrcakhionktqucgialvLiuTrngKhi
bmstvothng8.NhnghcvinqunsHongPhmtlnnaligngmnhchchin
cucmispnra,theoliLHngPhongthcvinHongPhvitchonhngnghng
trongthnhph[65].Dvy,mtthohipchnhtrcngcaratrongbtbucH
HnDn,btnhnghilchmutrongvmst,philuvongsangchuu.Nhnvtcnh
tUngTinhV(WangJingweiND)snmquynlnhochnhph,trongkhiTng
GiiThch(ChiangKaishekND)trthnhTngTLnhcaTponQunth1QucDn
ng ng thi kim chc gim c Hc Vin Hong Ph [66]. Vic a Ung Tinh V lm
ngiknhimTnDtTinchontonnhttrtiiHiQucDnngTonQuc
ln2vothngGing1926.iHixcnhnscmnhcamttrnthngnhtcngnhs
linminhcanvincNgaSVit[67].NhngcichtcaLiuTrngKhilmmti
s ngh caQucDn ngi vi phongtro nngdn ti Qungng vcl cngl
mtthtbitmthichonhngkhochcaHChMinh.ngianm1925,ngtham
gia rt nhiu vic ca Nng Dn Quc T, nhng n ma xun nm sau mi quan tm ca
QTCSlichuynsangnhnghngkhc.KhootothhaicaThanhNinHicuicng
cng khai mc vo ma thu 1926, trong khi mt trn thng nht chuyn hng ch n
chindchBcPht(NorthernExpeditionND).Trckhiphntchnhnghuqugintip
nThanhNinHilcy,tacnnnnhnliphongtronngdnvnhnglclngchnh
trphasaunhhngnnnhthno.
PhongtronngdnQungng
Vogiathng21925vthng31926,vnhimvcamnhtrongNngDnQucT,Hb
cunvomttrongnhngphongtrononhtcamttrnthngnht:phongtronngdn
Qung ng. Cng tc t chc nng dn ti tnh Qung ng bt u ngay sau khi ng
CngSnTrungQucthnhlp,chyuldosphtngcaBnhBi(PengPaiND),con
camtachgiuctngduhcNht.ngthnhlpcctrnghcvtchcnng
dntrongnhngnm1922v1923nhngbthtbitrongvicbovchngkhitnglpa
chgiuc[68].Nhngvomaxun1925,cncnquynlcxoaychiutrongnhngvng
nngthnminngQungChukhibinhsQucDnng,vachunluynvtrang
b,nhtanlclngcalnhchaTrnQunhMinh.NhngnnghidoBnhBithnh
lptrthnhnhngtchccchnhphcngnhnvcbomquynlicngnh
vtrtrongphongtromttrnthngnht.Hcngnmcquyntchcquniring
DinVvHoiAn
85
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
t v chng li lc lng Dn Qun (mintuan ND) ca nhng lnh cha m trn thc t l
nhngiquncatnglpthngtr.
Nhng lc lng qun s nng dn ti hai huyn Hi Phong (Haifeng ND) v Lc Phong
(LufengND)trongkhuvcsng ngGiangcthnhlptnhnglpotocaHc
Vin o To Phong Tro Nng Dn Qung Chu. Hc vin c Bnh Bi thnh lp vo
thng81924.ngchthngingdyhuhtnhngkhoutinvkinthitmtchng
trnhcthchnhmitunticclngx.FernandoGalbiati(nhshcND)vitrngtrong
khoototh2,3,v4tiHcvin,yutqunskhngngngctngcng.Kho
ototh3,hnhnhbaogmvingiVit,koditngy1thngGingnngy3thng
41925.Lytheokhunmutchccamtiiqunsvchunluynvthmdv
tuyntruyn[69].Lpototh4btungy30thng4nhngbginonvvnilon
tiQungChucanhngtnglnhtrongquniVnNamvQungTy.TheoGalbiati,
nhnghcvinphntnvvngqunkhiHcvinmcalivothng7.Nmthanh
ninVitNamangtheohckhonyccholchuynsangiHcQungChuvo
cngthng[70].Khichc50hcvinquaylisaukhikhohcbginon,Galbiatitin
rng nhng hc vin mi ngi Vit c th vo[71]. Nhm ny tt nghip vo thng 9
1925. Vic o to ca Hc vin c th l ngun gc ca nhng i v trang tuyn truyn do
VitMinhthnhlpvonm1945.Nhngchtrongkhahcrtthctchngbaogm
vic vit bi tuyn truyn v t chc Nng Hi cng nh cch chim cm tnh ca nng dn
bngcchsdngngnngaphngngthinmcvsinhhotnhnhngnngdn
[72].Khoototh5tiHcvindoMaoTrchng(MaoZedongND)gingdyc43
hcvintHNam[73].(McdMaoccholccngsnglpHcvin,ngchtr
thnhhiutrngvomaxun1926).
VaitrcaNngDnQucTtrongvicchophongtronngdnthkhngrrnglm.
NhngcvnngiNgagingdytiHcvinvkthutdothmvlmvicdiquyn
caBorodinnhlnhngcvncbittrongBNngDncaQucDnngcthkhng
cquanhviNngDnQucT[74].MttrongnhngnginylS.N.Belenky,cbit
trongQTCSlVolin, cnglmtphngvincaROSTA,clnglngiiuhnhtrc
tipcaHChMinh[75].Tronggiaionutchc,bnthnBorodindngnhnhng
tayrtsutrongviccvnvvngimthiurungtinvvnphnphit[76].V
thHChMinh,ngiidinchuduynhttrongNngDnQucT(vthngdchvin
tingPhpvtingAnh],cththeodivthamgiaphongtronngdnQungngmt
cch st sao. ng gi cho Nng Dn Quc T ti Php mt bo co v nhng tr ngi chnh
tronggiaicpnngdnTrungQuc.Hnhncboconyvongy2thng31925.Bn
cnhmtdnsqucao,nngcthsvthintaitnph,ngcnaranhngkhkhn
ch yu khc nh s tham tn ca giai cp a ch v nn xm lng ca t bn ngoi quc.
Khng r l H ch n gin l phin dch bn bo co ny t ngi khc hay t tay son
thon.ngchcpmtcchvnttphncuicabocorngtnglpnngdnang
thnhlpccnnghidisnghcagiaicpcngnhnvchnh phminnamTrung
Quc.Nhngtchcsauysbtrcxutrakhiccnnghi,ngvit:achvihn100
DinVvHoiAn
86
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
mut[77];nhngkchovaynngli;nhngchcsccacctngio;nhngaicquanh
viquc;dncbcvdnhtthucphin[78].
Vothng81925NngDnQucTgiHnmnghnrp(rubleskhong2.500lalcy)
quatikhoncaBorodintiNgnHngVinng.HchthHdngstinny(1(in
bchchngcchmngvtiliuvnhngvnnngdn;(2)giidinncctnhkhc
thnh lpcchilinhip nngdn;(3)gimtngch ngtincyngi Trung Quc
nMoscowlmvictrongNngDnQucT;v(4)cungcpuntintcvtiliuv
phongtronngdnTrungQucnMoscow.Cuicnglnhngbnbocolngnguyt
[79].HhimbngtingAnhvongy17thng10rngngnhncttcthtca
NngDnQucTtthng8nthng9(gm11lthttc,aschngkhngnmtrong
hscaNngDnQucTvinhngtrlicaH)vocngngy14thng101925.ng
hasthchinhuhtccchthcah.NhngngtchigimtngchnMoscow,
vttcccngchhingiuangcny,vkhngaitrongshbitngoing.ng
cngyucuhchmdtgitiliubngtingc,vkhngcaidchchng[80].
Ngy5thng111925HgichoNngDnQucTktquthmdtrongcclinhipnng
dntrong7huyncatnhQungng[81].Trongbntmttktqu,ngvitrngnngdn
ngtnhvicnglnhcangCngSnkhihkhngcnlosvvnxhihoph
nv h snsng hisinh bo vgiai cp camnh hoc ng h chnh quyncchmng
[82].CltingQungngcanglcykhnglulotcththamgiatrctipvocng
victhngk;nggiccboconNngDnQucTbngtingAnh.Mtlthkhc
vitvongy3thngChpchothyrngHchyuchchuynthngtintnhngngit
chc ch khng t tay thu thp chng. H gii thch rng nhng ng ch Trung Quc
khuynngkhngnncquanhchnhthcviBanChpHnhQucDnngtrongtcch
idincaNngDnQucT,iumtrcyNngDnQucTkhuynkhch.ng
vit:nhngngchcachngtichorngvicykhngcnthit,vticththuthpmi
thngtinlinquannvnnngdnquaccngchtrongngCngSn.(Mcdvch
tchHingNngDnSVlmtngiQucDnng,micngtctchccngnh
tuyntruynucthchinbiccngchcata[83]).
Sngsmngy20thng31926TngGiiThchaqunnhpccchnhucngsnti
HongPh,btgikhong50ngi[84].CccvnNgatiQungChuubqunthcti
gia.iphvicucochnh,BorodinngmthohipvinhngihicaBanChp
HnhQucDnng,trongcuchpvothng5aranhngyuschnhmgiihnvai
trcacngsntrongcchQucDnng.Kty,nhngngvincngsnchc
phpchimmtphnbatngsthnhvincanguQucDnng,ngthingvin
cngsnkhng cng uccb trongchnh ph[85].Mcdmttrnthngnhtvn
tiptcvihuthuncangiNgachonmah1927,skinngy20thng3nhdu
bui u thoi tro ca phong tro nng dn ti Qung ng, cho n khi S Vit HiLc
Phongcthnhlpvocuinm1927.TheobococaHChMinhviNngDnQuc
Tvothng6nm1927thQucDnngngnggipccnnghikhihthuthp
DinVvHoiAn
87
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
cQungngditrngcamnh[86].Cclclngqunscanngdnkhng
mnhchnglilclngdnqunachnukhngcsgipcaquniQucDn
ng[87].SaunyHChMinhchorngngiAnhvngiPhpgiptrangbchonhng
lclngdnqunachny[88].Vomaxun1926,khikhochBcPhtangcson
tho, Mao Trch ng nm quyn lnh o Hc Vin o To Phong Tro Nng Dn v mt
trnthngnhtbtulutmntnglpnngdntiHNamvHBc.
nthng3nm1926NngDnQucTthnhlnhngngquantmnnhngcngvicca
HChMinh.ngvitchohmtthngnbngtingPhpvongy8thng3nm1926hi
hvsaonhnglthnggichohukhngctrli,vvsaohkhnggitipnhng
tiliutuyntruyn[89].ngcngchuynthtcahnJava,Manila,nvnhng
nikhc.Mtphnnguyndonmtrongthtrlikhngngycah,htrlirng
nhncthcang.NhngvhbtutrlivimtthnhvinmitrongBanBTh,
ngchHHnDn,vtnhhnhnngdnticctnhSnngvVnNam[90].Thral
HHnDnnMoscowsaukhibtrcxutkhiQungChuvcbuvohng
nglnhocaNngDnQucT.TiiHi6caBanChpHnhQTCSvothng31926
ng c mi lm thnh vin danh d [91]. Lin minh StalinBukharin ti Moscow oan chc
rngQucDnng,lclngcchmngnngcttichu,lnguynnhncanhius
kinkhlng[92].(BukharincchchclnhoQTCScanhnvtcnhtZinovievvo
thng 10/ 1926).Ngi bchol ctrchnhim trongci chtLiuTrngKhi, ngi bo v
phongtronngdnQungng,bngchctrthnhidinchnhcaNngDnQucT
Trung Quc. H Ch Minh lc ny b cho l qu gn gi vi nhng ngi cng sn hoc n
ginlkhngcnquantrnglmvicna.Sauthng31926,khngctiliuvviclinlc
giaHvNngDnQucTchokhingquayliMoscowvothng6/1927.
SphttrincaThanhNin
Trngchkhingha.TnhhnhtintrintrongvicktniviqucnicaHChMinhchc
hnbchmlivcngthngchnhtrbntrongchnhquynQungChucngnhnhng
khkhntichnhcang.nthng41926,mcdLmcThbocorngc30thanh
ninVitNamangnghincuchnhtrvkhoahcqunstiiHcQungChuvHc
VinQunSHongPh,khngcmtduhiucanhmhcvinthhaicaThanhNin
Hi [93]. i ng ct cn ca Thanh Nin tm thi gii tn: L Hng Sn tr thnh phi vin
chnhtrchoTngTrngPhtKhu(ZhangFakuiND)tioHiNam.Vothng6 H
TngMuivimtngchmangtnngSu(LuHngKhihocVTng)nXim
vihivngtchcmthitngt[94].LHngPhong,TuRuevngTuMykhngbao
luiMoscowhcthmvquns[95].Tronglc,migiaohogiaHvNguyn
HiThnangbv.Vothng41926ThnbLmcThcobucllmdngngn
qucaphnbVitNamtrongHiLinHipCcDnTcBpBc[96].HiLHCDTBAB
vatitchctrongthng3,clvcichtcaLiuTrngKhivhnhngcaTngGii
Thch nhm gii hn quyn lc ca nhng ngi cng sn. Mt bi vit trong bo ch Trung
DinVvHoiAn
88
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Quc v vic ti t chc c cp n vic hi ny ang bt u mt t kt np thnh vin

mi[97].SLimPhngchuyntintcnycngvimtphchnchoVnPhngQunL
aPhng,vnphngnychorngvicnhngngingDngnQungChucth
khnglinquannvictitchccaHiLHCDTBAB.Nhngngiluvongminyc
thnmtrongs30ngiVitangtheohctiHongPh.
LmcThboviSLimPhngrngNguynHiThnanghimtvnhhngcaH
ChMinhtrongtchcnhngngicchmngVitNamtiQungChu.NguyniQuc
angchunbchocuccchmngmtcchcphngphp.ngtachrataykhithiim
chnmui.NguynHiThnlitheouiphngphpbong.ngtamunthchinn
ngaylptc,ngichimnyni[98].Trongmtbuibocokhc,LmcThphntch
rhnvconngiHChMinh:NguyniQucvncndnhlunCQuanThngTin
caUSSR.ngtakhngtitllmnhlmg...ngtavcnganghivchhlvibn
bnhnggcnthitnht...Huhtnhnggnglmutheottngcang.Nhngngi
nhHngSnnghngtamuamtmnhtHiNammtrng,nhngngtabo
rngngschngbaogibtinramuatvvnguynthutailcaminginnn
nnchomingisdngmtcchtdo[99].
CnhmVitkiutiQungChuvnhngngiiquctrongncucmttrngil
LThyssmphtngmtcuckhinghavtrang.ncuithng31926phnkhng
chnhtrtiVitNamtlnmccaonhtktphongtrochngthunm1908.Cicht
canhcicchPhanChuTrinh,ngitngdudtHChMinh,vongy23thng3
dnnmtmtangkhngltrntonciVitNam.Nhnglnhosinhvingiptchc
nhngcuctunhnhchomtangvltngnimbuihctrnkhptnci
vimingiylchimchnhquynthucaPhpvtnhyhvoconng
hotngbthpphp.NhbocchtnvchngPhpNguynAnNinhbbtngy24thng
3. Ni tip cuc biu tnh ca qun chng chng li bn n ca Phan Bi Chu vo cui nm
1925,mtangPhanChuTrinhvvicNguynAnNinhbbtgitothnhmtbukhng
khsisc.
TronglctiQungChungiNgavTngGiiThchquytnhdpquamikhc
bitcngnhautinhnhchindchBcPhtnhmnirngbingiicachnhphquc
dnnphabccasngDngT(YangtzeND).Mtsnhngngikhngchinngi
Vit tin tng rng y l thi im h tn cng vo vng bin gii ng Dng. Ngi
Php bt u nhn tin tc mt bo v nhng k hoch hnh ng qun s ti vng bin gii
HoaVit trong thng 7 1926, vo lc chin dch Bc Pht ca Tng Gii Thch va mi bt
u.Ngy13thng7mtbcsvcngllnhscaPhptiBcHi(PakhoiND)gi
choTonQuyntiHNimtbcinvinidungnhsau:
MtnhcchmngVitNamctnlL.SouiLThy,bdanhNguyniQuc,hinltu
vinqunscachnhphQungChu,nginyttnghiphcvinqunsMoscow,
nghenicchnhquynQungChubmthahnlstrangb1.000sngtrngNga
thchinmttncngbtngbingiiBcK,trongvngMngCi.NgiVitNam
DinVvHoiAn
89
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
nyccholgimtphivinnvngVnSn(khuvcNLng),nihscung
cpsngchobnthph[100]
MtmtthmkhcvibdanhKonstantin,boco v TamKamSay,ngicmu
mtcuckhinghavtrangnm1918,cngsnsngtncngHnGai,mtthtrnphabc
Vit Nam. Cng lc y Konstantin bo tin rng Paul Monin, mt lut s Php hot ng
chng chnh sch thuc a Si Gn, n Qung Chu ngh ngi Nga h tr mt
cucnidy(nhngtiliukhccaPhpchorngcucgpgnyvokhongcuithng2
n30thng51926[101]).Khochtncngnhsau:banghnlnhTrungQucdo100ngi
AnNamdnngsithuyntBcHivblnmtcngthucTrungQuctrnb
binNamAnNam.Konstantin,hnhnhkhngtnhpvochngngthncncaH,
chorngkhochtncngcHng[102].Nhngtrongmtbocokhc,chcchn
lcaLmcTh,chothyrngHkhngtintngvosnhgicaMoninvtchi
nghkhochcangta[103].VicMoninlmvicvingnghipcaHtiParislPhan
VnTrngvrtctnglpchngitiSiGnntrngvnkhngthuytphc
Hitheohngcang.
Theo mi nguyn tc c ca tng lp phn ngi Vit th y l thi im chn mui cho
hnhng quns.Nhng truynthng nidy nydng nhc vchovicto dng
mthuynthoivLThynhlmtvtngtlnh.NhngnhnggHangthcsxy
dng th khng c g ngoi tr nhng ht nhn cn rt nh b ca ng cng sn Vit Nam
tnglai.SLimPhngtinrngvonm1926ngtchimtnghgiprtlnca
nhng ngi S Vit pht ng mt cuc tn cng v trang, v ng xt thy nhng ngi
khinghaVitNamvnchasnsng[104].Trnthct,khochxydngmtphongtro
clpdocngsnlnhocangchmivakhis.
ChibNamKCamBtcaUBanNamDng.RtcthlmtstchctiVitNamang
chunbnhngcuckhinghabo lcchngli quyn lc cangi Phptrongnm1926.
(Quannimvcuckhinghakhngtrnhkhicngxuthintrongnhngnhmcnht
Indonesiatrongmahnmnhngcucnidychchnhthcbtuvothng11
[105]).VicthitlpmtchibcaCSTrungQucbtuvonm1926cthlmtnguyn
nhndnnbctranhkhhiuny.Vothng21927tnhboPhpnhncbocotmt
ngun tin c cho l digne de foi (ng tin cy ND) trong ni rng chi b Nam K
CamBtcaUBanLmThiNamDngthucCSTrungQucccnctiNamDng
(NanyangND),SingaporebcvohotngvangbtutchctiBcK.ChiU
NamDnghaylUBanLmThicnhngHoakiuthnhlpvonm1926nhl
mtbphncaCSTrungQuc;nctinrngcthnhvintinhngthucaca
Anh,HoLan,PhpcngnhXimvMinin[106].NguntincangiPhpcnc
trnmtbococaSamoyan(cllSemaun)nhtrnhbytiiHiMRngcaBan
ChpHnhQTCS.SemauncnhndinlphivinchongDng,NamDngvQun
oMLai[107].Tikhngtmcbngchngvngchcvmutinnytronghsca
BanBThCcngPhnghoccaiHiMRngln7BanChpHnhQTCSct
DinVvHoiAn
90
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
chcvothng111926,thigianthchhpnhtcabnbocony.(Tronggiaion19301c
vitiliuvtchcNamKCamBttrongvnkhQTCS).Dth,mtbocotmtt
ca S Lim Phng v nhng din bin chnh tr ng Dng trong nm 1926 v u nm
1927chothycrtnhiucngoncngnhngcHoahotngtiminnamVitNam
vcquanhviQungChu[108].Cngtrongthigiany,nhngtchcbolcbmt
angcsnghcaQucDn ngSiGn[109].Lthnhphncamttrnthng
nht,nhngcngonvtchcnycthbaogmnhngngicngsnnngct.n
gia nm 1927 nhng ngi gc Hoa ti Nam Vit Nam gip a nhng thnh vin mi
ngiVitthamgiacclpotoQungChudivbcQucDnng[110].
Semaun ni rng CS Trung Quc ang hot ng trong nm huyn ca ng Dng thuc
Php(cllnmkhuvctrongLinHipngDng)vngcngsnNamKlmtt
chcnnghotnhtangdnumtphongtromnhmtrongqunchngbnx.Mts
nhkmtrongbnbocochothynhngcnhngchibNamKtiSiGn,ChLn,
TrVinh,Sac,CMauvThDuMt.NhngchibtiCambodiattiKompongCham,
CratievKampotvimtchiugm50thnhvintiPhnomPenh.Mthinghbaogmi
biutHiPhng,HNivLaoCaidnhtchcvothng21927tiHiPhng.Nhng
ibiunyhnhnhlngigcHoa,vdnhmtngitnMngVnhHi,cxeml
mtnhcchmngnibtnhtminBc(VitNam).Semauncngcpnmttchc
cchmngaphngdongibnxthnhlptiVinhnaTinh(sic)vothng51926,nhng
vnchathcsthnhhnh.Clngangmunnivnhngnlcktnpthnhvinban
ucaThanhNinHihoccaCchMngngscpdi.Cthhiurngnhng
ngiqucgiaVitNamclinhvitchcNamKCambodialnhngngihotng
mnhmnhtkhixngkhinghavtrangtrongthigian1926.KhochcaMoninc
th l mt phi hp vi nhng phn t trong nhm ny Nhng ngi Hoa ti Tr Vinh c
tinglnggprtnhiutrongcngvicbochcang[111].Ngoiracncmttchc
tiBcNinhdoTrnHuyLiucaVitNamDnQuc,ngnyangdnhkhinghavo
cuinm1926(khochcahblvbomtchcahnsm[112]).ncuinm1927
htrthnhmttrongnhngthnhvincaVitNamQucDnng[113].
KhootothhaivthbacaThanhNin.Khngthxcnhslinh,nuc,caHCh
MinhvThanhNinHiviCS/QucDnngTrungQucbntrongVitNam.Dth,h
slutrcaQTCSvtiliucaPhpchothyHcgngtrnhxanhngcucmohim
vtrang.Saukhongmtnmdi khng linlc vi Cc ngPhng, vongy 3 thng 6
1926 H vit th cho QTCS bo rng cng vic ca ng tin trin rt chm v thiu ti
chnh[114].ngphixoaytrbngtinlngcamnhvmtsngchkhccngvi
mtstrcptngiNga.MtnguntichnhkhccaThanhNincthltNngDn
QucTcungcpquaBorodinchonhngcngtccaHtrongphongtronngdn.Stin
nytnhttrgipchocchcvinangtheohctiHcVinoToPhongTroNng
Dn[115].VothiimnycthHcngnhncquyngptnhngngiyunc
giucminnamVitNam.MtghichcaSLimPhngngy12thng8/1927vitrng
DipVnK,mtchbotiSiGnvcnglhctrcathnphHChMinh,thng
DinVvHoiAn
91
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
xuyn gi tin n mt trung gian ti Qung Chu mi khi H Ch Minh yu cu ng ng

gp[116].Smhnnaltrongnm1925LmcThbocorngHnghnvictm
nngibncParislKhnhK(NguynnhKhnhND),gilmtnhnhipnhti
SiGnxintin.HcngcpnBiQuangChiu,nhlnhogiuccangLp
Hin,nhlmtngibotrytimnng[117].Nunguntichnhtminnamthc
sluchuynvonm1926,rrnglHnghrngkhngdigtitliuychongiNga
bit.
H tng thut trong bo co thng 6 1926 rng k t khi t chn n Qung Chu, ng
thchincnhngvicsauchophongtrocchmngngDng:(1)thnhlpmthib
mt;(2)thnhlpmttchcnnghicanhngngiVitsngtiXim;(3)lachnmt
nhmtinphongtconemcanngdnvcngnhn(mtstronghntXim)o
totiQungChu;(4)tchcmtnhmphncchmnggm12ngi;v(5)thnhlpmt
lptuyntruynQungChuchonhnghcvincbmtasangtVitNamvXim.
nlcny,lchscaThanhNinHimtabitctnhnghikcaccnhnvt
ngiVitkhcnhautrngvinhnggchngtartratbococaH[118].Hgibo
conykhingchunbchonhmhcvinthhainQungChuchokhootobtu
vo thng 9 1926. Kho th nht, H bo co, c 10 hc vin v ng hy vng s c khong 30
nginhckhothhai.
NhngngithamdkhohcthhaicaThanhNinHiriVitNamiQungChu
trongthng7v81926.Ctnht3ngitrongshxutthntmttchcchnhtrthnh
lptiVinhdonhngcubinhcathik19078tngbgiamcmtiCno(PouloCondor
ND).Khivathnhlpvonm1925,nhmnylytnlPhcQuc,datrntchcca
PhanBiChu.cithnhVitNamCchMngngvonm1926,rithnhTnVit
vonm1928.Tchcny,btnguntvngqucaH,baogmaphnlnhngtrthc
Nhohcvgiovintr,cungcpnhngnhnvtlnhoquantrngnhtchongcng
sntrongnhngngyuthnhlp.Lnhtchnhthcutinkhingcngsnthnhlp
vonm1930lTrnPh,mtgiovinvlmttrongnhngthnhvinsmnhtcaPhc
Quc.MtthnhvinkcukhclHHuyTp,mtgiovintHTnh,trthnhngi
ngukhngchnhthccangtrongthigian1935nthng31938.Tisaoccthnh
vinPhcQuccchnlavoingthntnnhtcaThanhNinlmtcuhilth.
lstnghpcaquanhgianhthncn,vichainnhcvnNhovPhp,cngvi
tmlbtmnivichthucalmhtrthnhnhngthnhvingitrcaH.Vd
nhTrnPh,xutthntmtgianhchunhiuaukhdiscaitrcaPhp.ngl
conca mtvquan mkhi angtichcti QungNgi vo nm 1908tst thay v bt
buc nng dn a phng hp tc vi lnh Php rung b nhng ngi chng thu [119].
Nhng thnh vin tr hn ca Phc Quc l nhng thanh nin bt mn t nhng vng qu
nghokh,snsngnnhnnhngttngcchmngmHmangn.Khngcnnghi
nggvuthcanhngthnhvinThanhNinkcuxutthntphabccamintrung
VitNam,kcubantrungngtQungChu,tothnhmttchcgingnhlmt
hinghng.
DinVvHoiAn
92
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Nhng thnhvinmi cL Duyiman QungChu.LDuy im lbnhcc

caTrnPh,xutthn tHTnh.Vo na cuinm1925,ngcngPhc Qucgiao
cho nhim v lin lc vi nhng ngi Vit ti Qung Chu bn v phi hp hnh ng.
TrckhiquayliVinhnggianhpThanhNinHi[120].Vicnycngxyravihuht
ccthnhvincaPhcQuc/CchMngngsaukhiquaQungChu:TrnPhvhctr
ca mnh l Nguyn Ngc Ba quay v sau ba thng hc tp v tr thnh thnh vin ca
ThanhNin.(Nhtathytrn,LHngSnaNguynNgcBasanghckhoth
nht;clngthamdchaikhohc).TrongchuyndoPhanTrngQungkvchuyn
i, c nhng ngi khc t min trung Vit Nam bao gm Nguyn Vn Li, L Mnh Trinh,
TrnVnc,NguynVnKhangvQung.HaithnhvincaPhcQuclTnQuangPhit
vHongVnTngkhngncQungChuvhbbtkhibtutliphasauti
bingii.Michonthng9,saukhidichuynbngngthu,xelavibvinhiu
tunlchimitrm,cnhmnctrscaThanhNintiQungChu.
hgpnhnghcvinntBcKvXim.Ttcckhong20hcvinnQung
Chu,trongccvthtngtnglailPhmVnng,ngbbnhvphithamgia
khohcsau[121].
Nhngbigingcnbnvinhngchbaogmtstinhocaloingi,althgii
vlchsVitNamnllunMarxistLeninist,ThuytTamDncaTnDtTinvthuyt
utranhbtbongcaGandhidoHChMinhnglp.Nhnggingvinbnngoii
khicngcthnhging.PhanTrngQungnhccChunLai,BnhBi vHHng
Ngng(HeXiangningND),vgocaLiuTrngKhi.BorodinvmtphnNgacngn
thuytging.Volcbmccakhogingvothng11,PhanTrngQungkrngcnm
hcvincbmtchnktnpvoVitNamThanhNinCngSn on.Nmngi
nylTrnPh,NguynVnLi,NguynNgcBa,PhanTrngBnhvbnthnPhanTrng
Qung,ttchulngiTrungK.
Khoototh3btuvocuinm1926vchmdtsauTtNguynn1927.Hong
Vn Hoan, mt thnh vin khc t Ngh An sau ny tr thnh nhn vt quan trng trong
ngcngsn,vittronghikcamnhrngcthm20hcvinmi,mtstrongh
vathamgiavbikhotiNamnh[122].TrongnhmminbcnycNgcDu,Dng
Hcnh,vNguyncCnhsaunytrthnhnhngngingucaThanhNin
HitiBcK[123].(HoankhngnhcnshcsinhttrngBoHLyce,cnctnl
TrngBiHNi.NgcDuvmtssaunylhcvincaThanhNinbui
khitrngnyvonm1926[124]).TrongnhnggingvinHoancknBnhBivLu
ThiuK(LiuShaoqiND),chuyngingvphongtrocngnhn.ThngthHTngMu,
LHngSnhocLmcThthngdchchonhnggingvinTrungQuc,nhngHCh
Minh c th thay th hn nu h vng mt, Hoan k [125]. ng cng nh li nhng vai din
trongccvkch.H,cnhnghcvinbitnvicitnlVng,thngngvaicng
nhnhocnngdn[126].Hoankhngcpnbaonhiuhcvincktnpvoi
ng ct cn ca t chc cng sn, nhng nu con s ny cng t nh kho hc trc th s
thnh vin cng sn trong Thanh Nin Hi vn cn rt nh. Hunh Kim Khnh (nh s hc
DinVvHoiAn
93
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
ND)chobitconsvokhong24thnhvincaThanhNinCngSntnhnthng51929,
nhngconsnyrrnglchcpnsthnhvinangsngtiTrungQuclcy[127].
TngsbaonhiungiVitkinhquatrngotocaThanhNinthkhmxcnh
c.Tichtmthybngchngchcchnca3thcvinchnhthc;mtnhmth4
angspxptiQungChuvothng31927nhngbginonvcucochnhthng4
[128].HbocoviQTCSkhingquayliMoscowvothng61927rng75thanhninVit
NamcototitrngtuyntruyncangQungChu[129].Hikcamt
ngi Vit vitnm 1992 licho rngcn 10kho hcvi tngcngkhong 250 300 hc
vin[130].Mtbivitcacngtcgitrnvonm1990,trchdnmttiliutVinLch
SQungngrngctngcngtrn300ngiVitthamgiavonhnghotngcch
mngkhcnhautiQungngt1924n1927[131].Consnybaogmcnhngngi
khnggianhpngcngsn.Consnycngcthbaogmnhnghcsinhtheohc cc
khohcchnhthcvocuinm1927n1928,saukhiHrikhiTrungQuc.Hnna,
cthnphnnhthctlnhnglpototrncnhiucpbcvdikhcnhau.V
dnh chngtakhng bitc cnhnglp dnh ringcho phn hoc nhngngi
tinphongmHktnphaykhng,hoclchonhngcngnhnchcvnthpnh
NguynLngBng.NhngnhshcHNidognycntrnghntrongvicnng
caotngshcvincaThanhNin.Hkhngthxcnhnccons75ngimHCh
Minharatrongthng41927,ngaycnutnhlunnhnghcvincbitltheohc
cclpsau1927[132].
RrnglnhmVitkiungnhttheohctiHcVinHongPh,nunm1927
c53hcvinngiVit[133].(Vothiimny,mtbphndytingVitcthnh
lptiHongPhtrc1927,nhngngiVittheohcnhngiTrungQuc[134])Nhng
chngtakhngbitbaonhiutrongbnhhccycclpcaThanhNin.Nh
LmcThchra,NguyniQucchthunhnnhnghcvinthntrngnhtvch
gingdyychonhngaidmhysinhcholtngcchmng[135]Dngnhnhng
hcvinminBctheohcnhnglpotocangkhngtrthnhngvincngsn
nhiunhnhngngiTrungK,cthvhcthunhnbiNguynHiThnhocLm
cTh.
MtsgioncaThanhNincintrongtpngKchMnhnm1927,cthldoH
thuthptrongthigianNga,vcnidungtngtnhnhngbigingchnhtrcacc
chnhucngsntiHc VinHongPhtrckhih b loikhi trngvo thng31926.
Tptiliunytrthnhthnhkinhcanhngthnhvincngsntrtronggiaion1926v
1927,HHuyTpvitvonm1932.Hunhchngtihcthuclng,ngk[136].
N bao gm nhng nh ngha v cc hnh thc cch mng, nhng phong tro quc t, cng
on, nng hi v hp tc x. N thm nhun khi nim v hai giai on cch mng nh
vchratrongLunCngvNhngVnDnTcvThucacaLenin.Tptiliu
nhnghahaigiaioncchmngnylcchmngdntcvcchmngthgii.Trongkhi
cchmngdntckhngcpnvnphnbitgiaicp,cchmngthgiisdogiaicp
DinVvHoiAn
94
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
nngdnvcngnhnlnhovsdpbchnghatbntrnthgii[137].nnm1932
thkhinimhaigiaioncchmngbQuctCngSnloibvHHuyTpcng
vitbilnntnhngythvkhhiucacnglnhThanhNin.Cthlngphphn
llunchorng:tronggiaionutranhphn,taphilinktvimitnglp.Llun
kiunychngcgquantrnghnlsthohipgiaicp...,ngni[138].
nthng21927cngvictuynngivotocaHcuicngctinb.Thnhcng
caHtrongvicchuynhonhngngvinTmTmXcdnglmkiumutrong
quanhcangviPhcQuc/CchMngng.BcknltochoThanhNinmtch
dachnhthc,ltcscngnhntQTCS,sonthocnglnhvtmkimngun
titrvngvng.ViconibiucaQTCSnQungChuvothng21927tocho
Hnhngchimngangtmkim.JacquesDoriot,mtnhhotngvphongtrothanh
nincngsnmHgptiiHi6Moscow,cmttrongoncngviTomMannt
AnhQucvEarlBrowderngiM.DoriotcngtrthnhchtchPhnBThucaca
CSPhpvcnglnghvinQucHiPhp.Vivaitrltuyntruynvinvthngdch
vin, H theo phi on thm ving Qung Chu v chim c s ng h ca Doriot v
nhngcngtccangvVitNam[139].VaitrcaDoriotrrnglclinquannvic
QTCSquytnhthnhlpmtbanbthmichoPhp,ccthucacaPhp,B,vThy
Svothng31926.Vothiimy,nhimvchyucavicxydngphongtrocngsn
tingDngcchnhthcgiaochoCSPhp[140].Vongy3thng31927Doriot,
H(ktnlLee)vVolinidinchonhmcvnNga,thoramtbnghinhtrong
ngchoLeetrnhmtyucungnschchoQTCS,trongkhiDoriotsthoLun
CngchoVitNamThanhNinCchMngngcngvinghquythochnhnhngcng
victnglaicatchcny[141].
DoriotbocotrongmtbcthgiithchchoCcngPhngrngThanhNinHi
todngcnhngchibtrnkhpVitNam:mtttinamK,haitiTrungK,suti
Bc K v bn ti Xim. Chc chn l h vn cn nhiu yu km, ng vit: trc ht l h
khng c mt cng lnh chnh thc, th hai l khuynh hng ni bt ca m mu b phi.
Hotngcahgingnhlmthikn hnlmttchcqunchngcchmng.Vd
nhhuhtnhngthnhvincahunmtiQungChu.iunychothymilinh
giahvinhndnvncnyu.Dvy,ngtiptc,mtsumicthitlpv
cnhngcgngtrongvicxydngmttchcrnglnhnnhmvohcsinh,thng
nhnvnngdn[142].Doriotgiithchrngnghquytcangvhotngngara
nhngimsau:(1)scnthitphichuynhohiknthnhtchcrngri;(2)mrngt
chc n s ng qun chng trong nc; (3) tham gia nhiu hn na vi tnh hnh chnh tr
VitNam;v(4)thnhlpcccngoncngnhn,nnghi,hisinhvincngnhcchip
hichoccthnhphndnchngkhc[143].
LuncngcaDoriotdidngmtlthgichoThanhNinCchMngngDng
chothyrlngnhnThanhNinHinhlmtngqucgiavinhngmcchtngt
nhcaTrungQucQucDnng:NhndnngDngnhtchcccbntuyn
DinVvHoiAn
95
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
bchcthitheoconngduynhtnuhmunthayitnhhnh:lconngu
tranhginhclp[144].ngnhnmnhrnggiaicpnngdnvcngnhnlnhnglc
lngtinyutrongcucutranhny.Nhngngcngnghmnhmchovicthnh
lpmtmttrnthngnht:ngqunrngdisthngtrcachnghaquc,ttc
mi ngi (cng nhn, nng dn, tiu thng v tr thc), ngoi t mt s rt nh ca thnh
phnuctrcli,ucquynlitrongcucutranhchngthcdn.ngnnbqua
mtnlcnokugivtchchtngngytrongcuctranhuny.ngnntchi
btcshptcnocah[145].Trongsutbivit,ngkhnghnhcnchthuytcng
snmcddnravdvcuccchmngNganhlmtkiumucaphongtrophn
vngiiphngnhndnbpbcrakhisthngtrcaSaHong[146].VicQTCS
mongmununnnThanhNinHithnhmtngqucgiacngcnhnmnhbng
bo co ngy 17 thng 3 1927 ca Lm c Th: Gn y nhng ngi cch mng Php v
Trung Quc bt u khuyn khch les amis (nhng ngi bn ND) thnh lp mt ng
tngtnhngqucgiaTrungQuc,vicnglnh,chnhschvinhngbphntuyn
truynvthngtinrngkhp.Nhngquychcangscsonthosm[147].
HtrnhngnschcanmchoQTCSvitngsl40.000ngtinTrungQuc.Mtna
stinnysdngtrangtrichiphilivototiQungChucho100hcvintng
lai.Ngoirangcnyucu1.500ngcho10tuyntruynvinlmvictonthigiantrong
mtnm.Chiphxutbn,thngtin,thnhlpmtcatimnhlmvbcchoviclinlc
chimht8.500ng.Chiphvnchuyn100hcvinkhcnhctiHongPhtnkhong
5.000ngna.TheogiithchcaHtrongghichnhkmthHongPhhaoto
100nginynuchiphilicahcloliu[148].5.000ngcnlicdtr cho
nhngtrnghpbnhtthoccpbch.
nthng31927,vishtrcaDoriotvhainhmhcvinmicavVitNam,
tchcca HChMinhxemractht phttrin.cnhng thnglngchnh
thclinktvingPhcQuctitrungphnVitNam,ngnytgianm1926i
tnthnhCchMngng.Hainguntiliuvvicthnglngmuthunvinhauv
vicnycctheouithtlnghaykhng.HHuyTpvitvonm1932Moscow
rngLDuyimquayvVitNamvothng3/1927vichthtQungChuchunb
chovichpnht.imthamdcccuchpaphngcahaingtiminbcvtrung
VitNamvsaulmthinghhpnhttonquctiHuvothng7.Tpvitrngln
utinchaingnhnccnglnhvquychtrngiyt,trongbaogmnhng
quichchocccngon,nnghi,hisinhvinvnhnghiphikhc[149].Tintrinca
nhngskincthlhquhplcavicDoriotnthmQungChu.Nhngmivic
khng trichy nhH hyvng. TheoH HuyTp,haing quytnhchpnhndanh
xngcaVitNamThanhNinCchMngngChHi,vncbitnnhThanhNin
hoc VNTNCMCH. Hai t chc s thc hin vic thng nht t trn xung, hp nht tt c
nhngtngdimtubantrungnglmthi.Ccchiulmthicngcthnh
lptiminbcvmintrung,vic cnlilthnhlp mt chi ulmthiNam K.Nhng
nhngthnhvincaThanhNintminNam,vkhngthamdchinghtonquc
DinVvHoiAn
96
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Hu,khngchuthanhnquytnhcahinghthng7.nthiimsauthng71927,
HHuyTpvitrngminnamcsthnhvinThanhNinngnhttrongcnc.y
lmtthayilnsovitnhtrngunm1927,khiDoriotbocolchcmtchibThanh
NinthnhlptiNamK,vchothynlcxydngtchcnythnhmtngqun
chng.TptnhnrngsaukhibuivicdyhcVinh,ngvoSiGnvothng3
1927khisnhngcngtcchnhtrnhtchccclphcbuitichocngnhn[150].
Mtnhmkhong10ngiluvongtNamKhocTrungK,chyuldnlaong,
nQungChuvothng5hocuthng61927,theolicaLmcTh[151]Nhmny
c l bao gm Tn c Thng, mt nh t chc cng on v ch tch tng lai ca Bc Vit
Nam. ng t Qung Chu v Nam K vo khong na sau nm y [152]. Nh ta thy,
cngcmtnhm9ngiminnamcsbotrcaQucDnngnQungChu
vothng7.SphttrincaThanhNintiminnamclldophihpcatchcNam
KCamBttrcthucCSTrungQuc.TiliucaVitNamchorngTncThng
lmcngtctchccngnhnSiGnt1925,vthrtcthlnglmvicviuban
nithnhcaTrungQucny[153].
MtbngchngkhcchothyThanhNincnlctrongviccmrvominnamVit
Namvonm1927.HHuyGip,emcaHHuyTp,nhlitronghikcamnhrngng
divoSiGnvonm1926tmngiPhp.Nhngvounm1927,NguynVn
LivPhanTrngBnh,haithnhvincaThanhNinCngSntkhoototh haiv
nSiGnvthuytphcnglilmvicchoThanhNin.HaihcvintQungChu
nyluli minnamvlmnghgio[154].Gipcngchothymiquanhrtquantrng
gianhngnhhotngminnamvmintrung:ngchorngNguynAnNinhbgiamti
SiGnvonm1926cngviTKin,mttrongnhngtnhnCnothamgiavom
muthnhlpngPhcQucnm1818.Gipkrngchaingiutheouinhngt
tngcaHChMinh.TheoliGipthNguynAnNinhbngiaonhimvlichoT
KinvTKinrattrc.TKinraliVinhvcLHun,mtbntCnongyxa,
chnh thc kt np vo Cch Mng ng. Sau ng quay li min nam, vi b ngoi l tm
kimthmthnhvinchoCchMngng,nhngcthbmtlmvicchoThanhNin
[155].MtghichcaSLimPhngvothng51928nivTKin(NguynnhKin)
nhlmtlinlcvinchongiVittiQungChuvSiGn[156].Khingbbtlivo
nm1929,ngiPhptmthyhnhcaMarxvLenintrongnhng.
Nhngcuchpnhtngphikhccthckhistthng3theonghcaDoriot
nhmtngslngthnhvincaThanhNinVdnhmtsthnhvincangThanh
Nin(cnctnlJeuneAnnam(ThanhNinAnNamND))thnhlpvothng31926,
trthnhchinhnhcaThanhNin.(Haitnnggingnhauchldotnhc).Vogianm
1926HChMinhgimtbocoylcquannQTCSvnhmJeuneAnnamnyvn
rtthncnviPhanVnTrngvNguynAnNinh,vchaingiutnglmvic
tiParistrongCngonThucaQucT[157].SlinhcahviThanhNin,cll
quaCSPhpthcnphitmhiuthm.Nhnchung,chngtakhngbitcnhiuvs
thtcanhngtipxcgiaQungChuvnhngnhcchmngminnamtronggiaion
DinVvHoiAn
97
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
ny.Nhngiuchcchnlngianm1927nhngnhhotngtTrungphnVitNam
bt u xy dng nhng t chc c lin h chnh thc vi nhng nhn t c sn trong
mngliquenbitcnhn.
Khoch hpnhtviThanhNinvothng7/1927gynnnhngxotrntrongCch
Mngng:theoHHuyTpthminthng7/1928nvnduytrcitnThanhNincng
vi nhng quy ch v phng php t chc [158]. Theo quan im ca ng th hai ng ny
khngmuthunvnguyntc,nhngbtrtrvnhngdbitcnhnkhicpnnhng
vntchc.
Mtcinhnphctphnvmiquanhgiahaingccpntronghikca
HongcThi,mtthnhvinCchMngng,doSLimPhngphthnhvonm1933.
ngthanhnrngtrongnm1927,ngngtipthuphngphptchckiuchibtheo
kiumucaThanhNin,vhgivnhhainghonhpdislnhocauban
trungngThanhNintiQungChu[159].nggiithchhnhvilplnylnhmliko
linhngthnhvinsanghcTrungQuc.Nhngtacthngmhiungkhngmun
nithtvgiaionyhimnguynytrongqukhchnhtrcamnh.Nm1933ngibn
ccanglTrnPhtrongttiSiGn,vbnthnHHuyTpmtthnhvinquan
trngcaCchMngngtnm1927,angtrnngtrvtMoscowvtrthnhmt
thlcmnhmtronghngnglnhocangCngSnngDng.TrongkhiHong
cThikhnghontonchpnhnvickthphaingnhngstnticanlctht.
TheoThithsvcanhngtholunchovichpnhtldolicaccthnhvinThanh
Ninvhphnivichpnhtnhngchibaphngvimintrungvminbc[160].
CngvHHuyTpungrngVngThcOnhngvaitrchnhtrongsv
ny.
TnhtrngphctpnycngcthldoHChMinhachungchinlcnmgiphong
trotbntrong.HHuyTpklicimnggilnhngvdinhnhcavichp
tcgiahaing:ngchH.caThanhNincnglphbthcaubantrungngCch
Mng ng; ng ch Nguyn S Sch, mt i din trung gian ca u ban trung ng Cch
Mngng,cnglthnhvincachibThanhNintiTrungK[161]Tpkhngchobitl
bn thn ng c l thnh vin lng ng hay khng, mc d ng ni r rng ng l mt
ngicngsn(ngcngchungnhvimtvithnhvincaChiUNamKcaThanh
Nin].HikcaHongcThixcnhnltuyrngnhnghcvinThanhNinkhngc
linhtrcyviCchMngngnhnghxincphcvchongnysaukhit
Qung Chu tr v [162]. Ta c th hiu rng h lm theo ch th ca gii lnh o Thanh
NinTrungQuc.
StanrcaMtTrnThngNht
TintrnhcacngtctchcmDoriotkhisangthmtrnhbychoThanhNinbgim
thiuvothigianthnglnghpnhtviCchMngngbthtbi.Valccngcuc
DinVvHoiAn
98
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
xydngngvvnnghuthuntCSQTcaHChMinhangbtuchoktquth
mt trn thng nht ti Qung Chu thnh lnh tan r. Cuc o chnh ca Tng Gii Thch
ngy12thng41927phvphongtrocngnhncnhttiyvyCSTrungQuc
vo hot ng b mt. Nhng din bin tng t cng xy ra ti cc thnh ph ca Trung
HoaDnQucvicbtbhnglotvhnhhnhnhngnhhotngcngonbtu
khongngy14thng4tiQungChu.LcyHChMinhhocchylnminbchoc
angtrntilnhsqunNga.nggiithchviQTCSsaukhiquayliMoscowrngngi
NgaduynhtcnliQungChukhnggiphoccvncgchochngti,hayt
ra l tip tc tr lng thng dch cho ti v ti hon ton khng th tm c vic lm... Ti
khng cn cch no khc l mnh b bt hoc tip tc cng tc ti Xim sau khi quay li
Moscow[163].MtthmConstantinbocorngHvnhngngicngsnVitNamkhc
bccthnhvincanhmyuncilptiQungChutgic.NhmnydoTamKam
Say(DamGiamTay)[164]ngu,csthamgiacaNguynHiThn,lmttchcct
tngcchmngdntcthuntutiQungChu.HaingchcaLThybbtgi,
cngvibnhocnmngiVitkhcvatBcKn,theobococaKonstantin.Lm
cThphiliuthnngrabbtchungviHTngMunhmcheduvbcmt
thmcamnh.ngvitcholinlcvinSLimPhngvongy13thng51927rngng
b giam t ngy 15 thng 4. S hin din ca H Tng Mu l mt cn tr trong vic vit v
chuyn th t ca ti, ng gii thch. Ngi c hiu c lng ti khng, tha Ngi? Vo lc
nytivnchamanhngvtiluntlngtinvngchccamnhvoNgi.ngia
thng6hctrtdo,vLmcThlitiptccngvicmtbovnhngnhcch
mng[165].
MiquanhgiaHChMinhvNguynHiThntrnnxuhnkhicngthngtrongmt
trnthngnhtngycngtng.NguynHiThntrnngngihnvinhmkhngchin
ilp,nhngnginychtrnghnvhnhngqunshnlH.NhLmcTh
tngthutTamKamSayvPhmNamSnrtchuynnghiptrongvictiuthtingiv
bunluthucphinvlidngNguynHiThnthnhlpngny[166].Lmc
ThbocovocuithngGingrngNguynHiThnangtholunviTamKamSayv
nhng thnh phn khc thnh lp mt ng mi [167]. n thng 3 Th bo co rng L
ThychmdtvicthamkhokinviHiThn[168].LmcThcngnirngvic
iuhnhnhngvnlinquantichnhmtcchqubmtcaHnhmtlng
tnhnhimcanhngngchkhc:HunhmichiphcatpthudoLThythanh
tontheomtphngphprttitnh:ngatinchoHngSnhocTngMuhchitr
bng ngn khon ca mnh... Cch ny lm cho nhng ngi Trung K tin cy ln nhau v
khngtintngvonhngnghngntnhngvngkhctrongkhiLinHipng
Dng,vvickhngtintngnhaunyyHiThnvPhmNamSnthnhlptchc
ringcah.(tinnyltchnhphQungChuchitr,Thvit,disyucumttu
vinNga[169]).
DthhainhmnyvntiptchptctrongkhunkhcaHcVinHongPh.nthng
2 1927 Th cho rng c 53 ngi Vit theo hc ti Hong Ph k t thng 12 nm trc.
DinVvHoiAn
99
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Nhng hc vin tt nghip trong c L Hng Sn v L Nh Vng (L Thit Hng) c

chnhngdncchcvinngiVitmi,vmtbphncbitdytingVitc
lp ring cho h [170]. S tht l Thanh Nin vn cn bm li ti Qung Chu sau cuc o
chnhthng4bngcchgignquanhviphongtrogiiphngdntckhngcngsnbao
gm nhng ngi cnh t trong Trung Quc Quc Dn ng. Trng hp nhng thnh vin
nhTrngVnLnh,ngtrtrnhontonvotchcilp,theomtbocaLmc
ThchoSLimPhngvongy8thng4[171].TrngVnLnhtmcchgicvic
lmtrongchnhquynQungChu,utinlmtcaiivsauliitrngcnhst
ncuithng101927.SaungphcvtrongqunicatngQucDnngTng
PhtKhu[172]SnghipchnhtrcaLHngSnthcngdnhdngmtphnnTrng
PhtKhunglmvicdiquyncaTrngt1926khingquntioHiNam.
TungtchcaHChMinhvogiaionylngungccanhngnitnhtlchon
thng121927.CthngchthchoLHngSnvHTngMuharanhngtin
tcsailctrongcngngVitkiu.VdnhKonstantinbocovongy1thng5rng
LThybbtcngvinhngthnhvinkhccaThanhNin.SauLmcthlibo
rngngtrniHnKhu(HankouND)[173]vcuinmgianhpqunicaDip
nh(YeTingND)tiSnu(SwatowhayShantouND)[174].MtthiunngiQung
ChumHcivothng101926tnlTuytMinh,khngcchobitngi
u[175].TheobococachnhHviQTCSvhnhtungcamnhthchngtabitc
ngriQungChuvtrcchnThngHi.ClngiquangHnKhu,nic
cuc hp ca Nghip on Thi Bnh Dng vo cui thng 5 hoc u thng 6. Nhng ng
khnghcpnvicny.ngingbintThngHinVladivostokcngvi
Jacques Doriot v n Moscow vo khong thng 6 [176]. Ti Vladivostok ng gp Voitinsky,
ngnytmcchthuytphcHquayliThngHihotngcngnhngngiPhp
vngiVitti.NhngHdngnhquytnhyucuthmngnschtiptc
mcclpotochnhtrtiXim.TiMoscowngchcmttipxcngnngivinhng
ngiVittiiHcLaongPhngng,nhngnginythnhlpmtchibcng
sn vi 5 thnh vin. H l FonShon (Nguyn Th Rc, mt ngi min bc h hng vi
NguynThTruyn];Leman(NgcTr,concahcgivcutnhnchnhtrNgc
KngiHTnh];Jiao(BiCngTrng,mtkgivnhhotngtrtmintrungVit
Nam,trcythamgiahiJeuneAnnamtiSiGn];MinKhan(BiLm,mtthuthv
thintHiPhng,thnhvinCSPhptiParis);vLequy(TrnPh),ngicbulm
b th chi b [177]. Trong mt mu th ngn H ch th cho chi b cng sn ny phi hc tp
chnhtrtt.Vongy25thng6ngcnggibocochoNngDnQucTvphongtro
nngdntiQungng[178].Saumtthigiannmviniutrbnhlao,vothng11
ngcgivParisvinhngchthmicaQTCS[179].
NhngthnhvincnlicaphibBorodinrikhinitrnnTrungQucvothng7
1927saukhicgngtphpmtmttrnthngnhtvinhngngicnhttrongQucDn
ngbthtbi.MtlnnaotngthohipvilnhoQucDnnglUngTinhV
tanbin,vCSTrungQucphittmraschlcmibotonnhngthnhquc
DinVvHoiAn
100
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
ctnhngnmthngtrongmttrnthngnht.Sau3nmphcvtronghngngqun
idoQucDnngchhuy,nhngngicngsnTrungQucgiyphithuyng
lc lng chin u ring trong vng ch vi thng. Stalin v QTCS thnh lnh thay i chnh
sch vo thng 7, sau khi nhng ngi u tin trn thot cuc o chnh thng 4 v n
Moscowboco(trongscmtnhnvttnFreyertrnhmtbocodichoNng
DnQucTvPhongTroNngDncngnhvHChMinh[180]).Trongmtnghquyt
rangy14thng7,BanChpHnhQTCStuynb,VaitrcchmngcachnhquynVHn
(WuhanND)chmdt;nangtrthnhmtlclngphncchmng.ylmtc
immimtnglplnhocaCSTrungQuccnnnquantmrrngvy.D
thnhngngvincngsnvnckhuynlnnlulitronghngngQucDnng
thit lp chin lc ca mt mt trn thng nht t di ln: tng cng hot ng
trong khi qun chng v sn... xy dng cc t chc cng nhn... cng c cng on... gip
qunchnglaongsnsngchnhngquytnh...phttrincchmngrungt...v
trangchogiaicpcngnhnvnngdn...tchcmtcucutranhcnscvinhngthnh
phnphhoing[181].
KtsauvtnstchngcngdoQucDnngphtngvothng4,lnhoCSTrung
Quccuicngphncng.CgngutincahnhmginhliquynlctpheQuc
Dnngphnngxyravongy1thng8,khihaitngDipTnh(YeTingND)vH
Long (He Long ND) khi qun ti Nam Xng (Nan Chang ND), th ph ca Giang Ty
(JiangXiND).ChunLaichnhlnhnvtchchttrongcuckhinghaNamXng.S
kinnytodngnnmngchoQuniGiiPhngNhnDnTrungQuc,theoccnh
shccaCSTrungQuc,btuthiklnhoquniclpcanhngngicng
sn.Cucnidybdptttrongvng3ngy,khitngTrngPhtKhumnhngngi
cngsnnghlngminhcah,tncngqunnilonbnglclngcamnh.Qun
chngnngdnkhngntipngchonhngngicngsnangbbaovyvhbt
bucphirtvphanamthnhphSnu,phangbctnhQungng.Nih
tm cch dng ln mt th mi ri b nh bi vo u thng 10. Trong lc U Ban
TrungngCSTrungQuchpvongy7thng8tiHnKhu,trongdpylnhong
TrncTblnnlkthohipcnhhu,ngtrthnhvttthnchosthtbi
camttrnthngnht.Hinghtuynbchnhschmivcchmngrungtvvtrang
chngliQucDnng.Giilnholmthiquytnhbincngtchuyngnngdn
chocuckhinghaTrungThul nhimvtrngtmcang[182].BessoLomidadze,i
dinmicaQTCS,ngvaitrchngtrongvichnhthnhquytnhtrn.Dth,mi
chonngy19thng9BChnhTrUBanTrungngmiquytnhskhngcnlmra
v chin u di ngn c ca Quc Dn ng Cnh T. T v sau CS Trung Quc
chinuchoquynlcsvitdingnhngkcah[183].Trongmtcuchpvothng
11/1927caBChnhTrLmThiCSTrungQuc,nhngngicngsnxcnhncon
ng t khuynh ca mnh, ln na di nh hng ca Lominadze. Mc d s lng thnh
vincahgimthiumtcchngktthng4,hvnquytnhrngtnhhnhcch
mng vn ang im cao v chin lc khng chin v trang vn nn tip tc [184].
DinVvHoiAn
101
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
NhngngicngsnVitNamthamgialclngQucDnngchchnlmvotnh
hungkhxcthlvonm1927hkhngcthigiantmcmtlachnr
rt l nn chin u di ngn c cng sn hay di quyn ch huy ca nhn vt kh hiu
TrngPhtKhu.DsaochngtabitctnhngbococaLmcThrngmt
trong nhng ngi hng ca nhm Vit Nam l L Hng Sn cng mt s thnh vin Thanh
NinkhcvncnlinhviTrngPhtKhumichonthng111927.LmcThbo
choSLimPhngngy13thng11rngvncnmtsngngvincngsnnmtrong
qunicaTrng PhtKhu, trongccL QungtvTrngVnLnh. tlnh
lng200ngngDng(PiastreND)vLnh150ngmithng[185].TiQungChu,
victhanhtrngcngsnangctinhnhbiTngLTThm(LiJiShenND),ngi
mtheobococaHChMinhgichoNngDnQucT,chngphddicctchc
nngdnaphng[186].VthkhiquniTrngPhtKhutchcochnhtngL
vo ngy 17 thng 11, thnh phn lnh o Thanh Nin cm thy v cng nh nhm.
...nhngthnhvintrongnhmTngMurtvuimngvvicnhngngchcahtrli
sgiphtmcviclmvhuthunddnghn...,LmcThphnonvvo
chnh[187].
Trong giai on thay i chnh tr ny, nhng ngi Vit vn tip tc n hc tp ti Qung
Chu.HbaogmmtsngitBcKsaunytrthnhlnhocamtnhmcptinly
khaikhitchcThanhNinvonm1929:NgGiaT,NguyncCnh,TrnhnhCu
vNguynHi[188].Thtvcngkhkhntabitsthtngoitrphnonvvich
chunhhngchnhtrtusauthng41927vtnhhnhchnhtrtrongThanhNincng
nhtiQungngtrnnrtphctp.Cnhngsvicdngnhmuthunnhau.Trong
nibThanhNincnhngnlchogiivinhngtchcqucgiailp,trongkhi
trongCSTrungQuclickhuynhhngkhingha.Trongkhi,nhngthnhvincnli
caThanhNintiQungChubtutmcchphihpvicktniliviNguynHi
Thnangbbritrongmathunm1927.LmcThbocohaicuchpngy18v
24thng10nhmthngnhthaing.NgyChnhthmqua,ngvitNgThanhvinh
TDngpTngMu,VnLnhvQungtticngvin.Htholunscnthit
phichmdtnhngxungtgiahaibn.TngMuchornghgiiquytcnhng
btng[189].TiuscaNguyncCnhnirngtrongthng91927ngnQung
ChugpUBanTrungngcaThanhNinHiphihphotnggiahaiphong
tro.LngiquThiBnh,sinhnm1908,CnhbuihctiNamnhvonm1926v
t chc bi kho. ng l thnh vin ca Nam ng Th X, hi ny vo thng 12 1927
chuynthnhVitNamQucDnng[190].Cngnhnhnghcvintrc,ngu
qun vo Thanh Nin sau khi tham gia cc kho hc da trn cng lnh ca H Ch Minh.
Trnh nh Cu v Nguyn Hi cng c th ang Qung Chu cng lc vi Nguyn c
Cnh.TiuschnhthccaNgGiaTvitrngngcngQungChugianm1927.Ta
khngbitclngctheodicucochnhthng4haykhng.
DinVvHoiAn
102
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
NhnghcvinngiVitcngbitcnhngskinxyratihaihuynHiPhongv
LcPhongphangQungChu.MtsqunlnhrtluitNamXngvSnuti
hp ti cc huyn ny, ni xy ra nhng thng li u tin ca phong tro nng dn Qung
ng. Nhng ngi lnh ny bt u ni dy vo ngy 25 thng 10 thnh lp S Vit. Sau
cuctncngtnbocaquniLTThm,nhngnginngdnvlnhocngsn
catnhnyhnhnhangmuntrth.Chnhquyncchmnglmthicthitlpti
Hi Phong v Lc Phong hon ton thuc cng sn v v trang y , Fernando Galbiati
vit[191].ngtrchdnmtlthcaTnhUQungngtrongvitrngvictiudit
bn a ch phi c tip tc cho n khi khng cn tn no. (...) chng t vn nh
chimHiLcPhongkhngphilmongmanhnhnginhtrnct[192]NhGalbiatich
ra, phong tro S Vit HiLcPhong c qun ch chc chn, c iu khin bi mt
tiu t trung ng, mnh lnh ca n c thc hin bi nhng thnh vin ca Nng Hi.
NhngngitrongCSTrungQucvngibmttitrngvchcbitntrongSVit
nhlnhngzuzhi(ccuND)[193].
SraicaSVitnngdnHiLcPhongkhchlhngnglnhoCSTrungQuc
tchcmtcucnidytiQungChu.Nguynnhntinkhichnhlscnhtranhgia
TrngPhtKhuvLTThm, vthvo ngy26thng11nhngngicng snQung
Chunhnnhrngstranhchpgiacctngqunphittoramtchithunli
t chc khi ngha. Ngy hnh ng c quyt nh l 13 thng 12. Nhn vt cng sn
ngiclHeinzNeumann,ngichuyngiaoccchthcaStalintiQungChu,ra
quytnhcuicngchovickhingha,cllvplccaStalinmuncmtthngli
TrungQucnhndpiHith15cangCngSnSVit.Cuckhinghabangyb
bpbinhnglnhbinhQucDnngvalnktlivinhau,mtlnnagyrahu
qulstrthdmanivinhngngicngsnvdnlaongthamgiakhingha.
NtrthnhmthuynthoingvinchoCSTrungQuc,chodnkhngcchun
bklngcngnhthiushtrcatnglplaong.Nhngnnhhngnhth
non nhng ngicng sn VitNamangti QungChuhocangtheohctiHc
VinHongPh?
Theo ti liu s chnh thc ca CS Vit Nam th nhng thnh vin ca Thanh Nin Hi
thamgiavocucnidyvc24ngibbt[194].Nhngngitronghngnghcvins
quantiHongPhrtcththamgia,vyllclngqunsduynhtlcycth
bo v cc cng x. Mt ngi Vit l Phng Ch Kin c k l rt v S Vit HiLc
Phongsaukhicucnidybtthnh,vtrthnhchhuymtnvvtrangcngsn[195].
NhngtheolikhaicamtngicngsnminnamquenbitPhngChKinTrungQuc
thsaukhithamgiakhinghaQungChu,ngtrvliHongPhnkhibbtit
vounm1929.Chsaukhiratvomathu1929KinmithamgiaCSTrungQucv
gia nhp Hng Qun ti ng Khu (Dong Kiang ND), Qung ng vi chc i i trng
[196].MthcvinsquanHongPhkhcbbtsaukhinghalTrnVnCung(QucAnh),
nginyvonm1929cmumttchclykhaikhiThanhNin[197].Mtnguntin
tiHNichobitrngTrngVnLnhlmttrongtrongnhnglnhocngx,sau
DinVvHoiAn
103
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
thayitnhvqunphctrtrnvoquniqucdn[198].Cngrtcthlng
thamgia quniTrngPhtKhu ngoi QungChu.Khngmayl bococaLm
cThkhngcpnnhnggxyra.Nhngvothng51928ngborng24
ngiVitNamvnanghctphocgingdytiHongPh.TrongscLDuyNgha
(LDuyim)vMnhVnLiu(mtbdanhkhccaPhngChKin).Nhngthnhvin
ThanhNinbbttrongthigiankhinghacthvongy13thng5,asutrong
tnhtrngsckhokm[199].Tiliulchscngxchobitrngmthcvinsquanngi
VittnHuyLimchttrongcucnidy[200];nhngthcrangluliHongPh
choncuinm1928vquaylilmvictiThanhNinrichongDngCngSnng
tiBcKchonkhingbbtvonm1930[201].Dth,ivinhngthnhvinvhc
vinmi,cngxvphongtroSVitHiLcPhonglmtkinhnghimmimchoh.Vo
lcny,CSTrungQucangtrnconngkhingha:victhnhlpccSVittithnh
phvnngthnlnhimvutinhnhu.NhngngclivitiuchuncaHNiv
hnhnhcanm1928,ThanhNintmcchtiptchotngvotoqunschon
cuinm,khilnsngnpphongtrocngsnlnthhaibtu.
ncuinm1927,cngsnVitNamchialmhailungttngtrongnhmVitkiuti
Trung Quc. Mt nhnh tip thu ch thuyt mt trn thng nht ca nhng nm trc, trong
khinhnhkialnhhichinlcvtrangmicaCSTrungQuc.Vkhngcnccuca
QTCS ti Qung Chu vo cui nm 1927 nn nhng ngi Vit khng cn ngun ch th
hoc t tng ch o no khc ngoi CS Trung Quc. V H Ch Minh ri khi Trung
Qucnnngkhngbtbucphitheobnno.SauchuyntrvMoscowngrtvohot
ngbmtvcvngngoinhngtranhchpchiarphongtrocngsnVitNam
vonm1929.McdngiPhptiptcnhnctintcvnhngkhochnidytrong
sutnm1927nhngdngnhHkhngdnhdnggnnhngkhochny.ngvn
ginguynlmtnhtchcthntrngvkinnhnbtchpktquybolccacuc
thnghimvphongtrothngnht.KhiGrigoryVoitinskynghtiVladivostokrngng
nnquayvThngHilmvicvinhngtonqunVitNamthngtchi.Chng
ticnntphpvingilnhVitNamThngHi(nhngnginynivitirng
hangtnhquayvtquc),vhubnhngcngvicvacbtutingDng?
nghitrongmtbocogichoMoscow.ngnghcchuyncngtcnXim:
lmvichaynghnltiptccngvicvngDngchodktqusxavivthin
thhnthvnquantrnghnbivnhngngchkhccththaythtiThngHi,
nhngXimthkhngth.VvtintctnhngphnngcangiTrungQucangc
thcdnPhploantruynrngri,gieothmnhngbiquanchongiVit,vnuchngta
ngnghotngbygithnhnggchngtalmctrongbanmquasmtc,vs
rtkhkhnlmlitu,trntinhthncanhngngiVitthhbthtvngviln
ri[202].
DinVvHoiAn
104
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
CHNG 4: T CON NG C N HNH TRNH MI

(19279)
NhngdichuyncaHChMinh
KhiHChMinhtrnkhiQungChuvothng4/1927,ngquaThngHivVladivostok
nMoscow.TiMoscow,nhtathy,ngtmkimhuthunncsmiti
XimnhmtiptccngvicmngbtutiQungChu.Mtphncamahnmy
ngphinmvinCrimeaniutrbnhlao.Thng9/1927QTCSsonthochthcho
nhngcngtctnglaicangvgingiParisvothng11phihpchngtrnhca
ngviUBanThucathucCSPhp[1].McdgiyCSPhpctrchnhimnui
dngphongtrocngsntingDngnhngtrnthctthccngvinCSPhphot
ngdisgimstnghimngtcaMoscow.
McdQTCSkhngcnotngvQucDnng,nhngchthHemnParis
vnphnnhchinlcmttrnthngnhtvicclclngqucgia.Bnchthdihaitrang
(ngy12thng9/1927)chnhAK(AiKvak,theocchphtmcaNga)phigipkch
hotnhngnhcchmngdntctrongsnhngngingDngluvong(trctinti
ParisritonncPhp)bngcchthitlpmtingcngsnctcntrongnhngphnt
ny...RingphithnhlpnhnglinhvingDngvimcchchuyngiaonhng
hotngcchmngvoqucni.Tronglcy,nhmhptcviCSPhp,ngcchth
sonthomtcnglnhhnhngchophongtrocchmngdntctingDng.Sauti
liu ny c thng qua bi Ban Chp Hnh QTCS, ng s pht hnh n ng Dng v
nghin cu kh nng tng cng nhng hot ng cch mng ti quc gia ln cn nh
Xim[2].ngDngCngSnngcnbtuvnhnhtrongmttnglaignvs
davonhngtchccchmngdntccnhnhiucngttviiukinnhngngithin
ttrongcctchcnygicquyntdophphntuyti.Khuhiuchnhtrcbn
ca phong tro cch mng c nh ngha nh sau: (1) c lp; (2) nh ui cc lc lng
chim ng; v (3) triu tp U Ban Lp Php v to ra chnh quyn cch mng dn ch, bo
mvicphnphttonbtaichonngdn,dngchnhschthngnhtccgiaicp
DinVvHoiAn
105
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
nghquynlicangilaong,cngquytbovnnclpcancnhchngli
mitncngcaqucthamtn.imcuicngcachthrangy12thng9lurng
QTCSstheouinlctodngnhnglinlcvingDngquangTrungQuc[3].
VmtsldoHkhngthchinhtnhngchthcaQTCStiPhp,ngbocolivi
Moscow.ChindchrungbnhnghotngcngsntiParisxyracnglcvikhng
hongchnhtrtrongnibCSPhp,clvicnyclinquannphongtrothanhtrng
cc phn t Trotskyist ang xy ra ti Lin Bang S Vit hng ti i Hi ng 15 vo
thng12.CngthigianyJacquesDoriot,ngibotrcaHtiUBanThucacaCS
Php,bbtgiamtiPhp.HvitrngnhngthnhvincnlicaUBantrnhnhng
tipxcringving.ngmunnintrongbocolvicthiulinhngtronghot
ngcaUBancthlmntlitvmtchnhtr.Trongsutmtthngricmtti
Paris,nggiithch,trongkhingChDoriotangt,tikhngccbtkmtc
hinotholunmtcchnghimtcviccngchkhc.vilntinghnhng
achchnhxccthlinlcvihkhitiquayliphngng,nhngngchctrch
nhim khng cho ti bit [4], H khng cp n nhng lin lc gia ng v nhng
ngiVitkhctiParis,nhngchngtathilkhngbitngctmcchgpliNguyn
Th Truyn khng. t nht l cho n nm 1926, Truyn vn l u mi tip xc chnh gia
nhngngiVitcnhttiParisvUBanThucacaCSPhp.Chnhnglngi
spxpginhngngiVitNam,trongcmtshhngcamnh,iMoscowhc
tp[5].Vounm1927,sausspcaCngon Thuc avonm 1926,Truyn
thnhlpmttchcmimangtnAnNamcLpng[6].Vicraicangdntc
vonm1927ththngcxemnhlbckhiuchovicphnchiagianhngngi
Vitqucgiavthncngsn.NhnghinticnhngbngchngrngTruynitheo
mtchnhschdnhchoccncthucacQTCSchpnhn,cthncthcscng
c trong thi gian Bukharin cn nm quyn trong Ban Chp Hnh QTCS. Ch th ca Jaques
Doriot nhm bin Thanh Nin tr thnh mt ng quc gia i chng l mt v d cho chnh
sch ny; Ch th thng 9 ca H Ch Minh cng l mt du hiu ca vic cc nhm cng sn
thucacphptntibntrongnhngngcchmngqucgia.Ngaycnmang
nm1929,nhngthnhvincaUBanThucathucCSPhpvncntiptcthihnh
chnhschnytiAlgeriabngcchtodngmtngdntcAlgeriatnNgiSaoBcPhi
(LtoileNordafricanineND)[7].
AnNamcLpngclinhmtthitvichinhnhPhpdoQTCSlnhomangtn
LinonPhn.Nhmnytchcihiutinvothng2/1927.Trongmtbn
bococaUBanThucathucCSPhpgichoQTCSvothng3/1927,tcgiboco
cnhcnvicAnNamcLpngangtodngccchibtiminnamncPhpv
dnhtchcihivomah.Chngtisthamgiavocccuchpcanhmnyti
Parisnhmgipnhnghotngcahmtcchthcthn,bnbocovit[8].Truyn,
cngvihainhhotngkhctVitNamlnhboTrnhHngNguthucngJeune
AnnamvDngVnGiothucngLpHintinhnhmtcuchnhtrnhdinthuyt
bngtingPhpvothng10,tronghkchlitln nchnhsch vthchcaPhp.S
DinVvHoiAn
106
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
LimPhngchorngnhngcuchihptrnctchcvisnglocaCSPhp[9].
Nhng cng nh H, c l Truyn cng thy c rng lm vic vi CS Php tr nn kh
khnhnnhiusaukhiDoriotbbt.TruyntrvVitNamvothng12.nmah1928
chnhschcaQTCSvhotngcaccncthucacngtrnnphctp,nhngmicho
n gia nm 1929 QTCS mi dt khot thay i quan im ca mnh trong vic hp tc vi
nhngngiqucgiaphicngsnticcncthuca.
Vo thng 12 1927 H chuyn t Paris n Brussels tham d mt hi ngh, ng cho bit.
Nhngkhngphi,khcvimingithngvit,liHiln1caLinonPhn
vnxyravothng2trc[10].CthlngthamdmtcuchpnibcaBan
ChpHnhLinonctchcvongy9thng12Brussels[11].Ttrungtunthng12
nthng51928ngtiBerlinchitinvchthtQTCSchochuyntrvchu
camnh.ngnhn18ngMark(mnhgitincND)mitunttchcTrGip
(RedAid,tchccutrcaQTCStngtnhHiChThpND)trangtrichiph
thngnhtnhngkhngsngquangy,ngni[12].Trongthigianbbtbucy,
ngvithikvphongtronngdnQungChu,trongmiutBnhBinhmtv
anhhng.Bivitdi120trang,khngmangtnhchnhtrvthngk,chquantmncuc
sngnng dn,nggii thch.NngDn Quc Tt chi nhntrch nhimhiunhcn
thitxutbn,nhngmtstiliucaHltravcxutbn[13].Vicngc
nhngtipxcnovicngngngiHoatiBerlinthkhngcr.Nhngkhngcg
ngcnhinnungtraoiquanimvinhngngiclinhviLinonPhn
vnccstiBerlin.VcaTnDtTinlTngKhnhLinh(SongQingLingND)
nBerlinvocuinm1927vdngnhychoncuinm1928thnhlpmt
Tam ng cho Trung Quc [14]. Trong l th ngy 21 thng 5 gi cho Moscow, H
thngbochoccumirngngslinlcvihquaComadeChutto,mtnginlm
vic trong Lin on Phn [15]. V th c v Lin on l mt u mi tip xc quan
trngcangtiBerlin.
Trongma ngy, QTCSang bntmvi nhng vn cn quantrng hnl v HCh
Minhvchngtrnhdichuyncang.LeonTrotskyv148thnhvincanhmiLpca
ngbtrcxutrakhiMoscowvocuithngGing,sauiHith15caCSLinX.
Trongtrnthng2QTCSangbnrnviHiNghTonThln9caBanChpHnh.Sau
khirat,trnngthamdHiNghTonThBanChpHnhQTCS,JaquesDoriotghqua
BerlinvhasgiiquyttrngicaH.Nhngmichontrungtunthng4Hvn
khng nhn c tin tc g t Moscow ln Doriot [16]. Nng Dn Quc T cng chng gip
cg.Hyucuhgipcho500lavmtkhochtchcthitthcticth
hotngmtcchhuch[17]Dombalkhngnhngtchicungcpngnqumcnni
rngngbitqutvtnhhnhnngdnngDngaramtkhochtchcchn
chn.ngkhuynHnndngkinhnhimcamnhvphongtronngdnTrungQuc
btunhngbccnbnxydngnhnglinhipnngdn[18].Vongy12thng4
HvitthchoJulesHumbertDroz,mtngicngsngcThyStrongBanBThQTCS,
bannychutrchnhimvnhngvncanhngthucaPhp.Thningchcth
DinVvHoiAn
107
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
mngtngctnhtrngthxccngnhtinhthncatilcny:bitccnrtnhiu
vicphilmnhnglikhnglmcgc,longh,thiutin,sngngyquangytrongtnh
trngbpbucphibtng,vnvn[19].CuicngHumbertDrozboH(bng2mu
ghichngnngy28thng4)rngquytnhvvicchitrchochuynivbathngu
lmviccchpnhn:Stinchngtigitrongtnglaistuthucvotintct
ngch.Tinghtthnlngchnntmcchtlccnhsinhhnlchigip[20].
Trongstinathy,HChMinhquaylichuvocuithng5,tThySsang,
vtingthunBngCc.Lcychchnngbitcvicnpphii
LpTrotskydoStalinkhixngbntrongCSLinXcngnhnhngkhuynhhngkhc
chnglichnhschcaStalinbntrongQTCS.Tacthginhrngngcngcc
nhngtiliucaiHiTonThth9BanChpHnhQTCSctchcvothng21928,
trongcmtsnghquytvTrungQuc.NhngnghquytnynirngiNgangh
rng n lc cc ng ch Trung Quc nn cn trng hn, nn dng li sau c gng khi
nghayliulnhvocuinm1927(dnhinlntinhnhdischocaidin
caQTCSlLominadzevNeuman.)HintrngcacchmngTrungQucccholkhng
mang c tnh x hi hoc c nh nh Lominadze nhn nh mt cch sai lm, m vn
ang nm trong giai on dn ch t sn. ng hng chin lc c bn ca CS Trung
Quclsnsngdngbolcdylnnhnglnsngcchmngmi.Nhngnhimv
hintivnlnmcqunchngcngnhnvnngdn,giodcchnhtrchoh,tphp
hitheongvtuynngncang.Mcdmtnhimvchinlccpbchc
gii thch nh t chc v hnh ng qua khi ngha qun chng v trang, lc lng tin
phongcagiaicpcngnngvnkhngctchrikhiqunchngvkhngcxem
nhnhngcucnidy[21].VphongtrocchmngVitNamchacphttrinnhca
TrungQuc,cthHChMinhhiunhngnghquythimuthunnynhlnhmt
xcnhnchonhngchnhschringcamnh:otovtchcchnhtrmtcchthntrng.
iuquantrngmtannluliHi6QTCSbtutrongthng71928,lcHvncn
lnhnhtrnbin.Cthngkhngbitnnhngtintcchititvktqucaihi
chonnhiuthngsau.Theottcnhngbngchngcc,dngnhngichu
vi hnh trang khng c g ngoi nhng ch th trong thng 9 1927 thc hin cng tc ca
mnh.
iHiQuctCngSnln6
n ma h 1928 vic u t chng li phi Trotskist lm xo trn QTCS v CS Php.
Nhngmtcucthanhtrngmmukhclivabtu.Trnthct,nkhiiHi15
CSLinXdinravocuinm1927,nhngngitheoStalinbtuchtrchBukharin
l khng quan tm n nhng e do ca cnh hu trong QTCS [22]. Nhng Stalin vn
chasnsngthanhtonnhngngminhcnhhucamnh.Haihthngiuhnhchnh
schanghnhthnhtiNgaviStalinangtngcnghotngthngquanhngthnhvin
DinVvHoiAn
108
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
dongchnhvnhngtchcnhonKomsomolthihnhvicthuthpngcccng
nhnhngchnhschkhc[23].iHi6QTCS,mthinghkoditngy12thng7mi
n1thng9,phnnhtnhtrnghaihthngny.yllcbtuchoschuyni
phnghngcaQTCS,mtqutrnhkoditrnmtnmchoniHiTonThBan
ChpHnhQTCSlnth10vothng7/1929.NgitathngchorngCngLnhvLun
CngcaiHi6QTCSnhdumtthikmichophongtrocngsnVitNam.
NhngthtkhthitlpmtmilinhtrctipvnguynnhnvhqugiaMoscow
vnhngskintiVitNamchonmathunm1929,hocngaycnhngchnhschcho
nhngqucgiathucathcslg.
Vomah1928nhngngilnhoCSTrungQuctptrungtiMoscow,niiHi
6 CS Trung Quc ang nhm hp t ngy 18 thng 6 n 11 thng 7, trc thm i Hi
QTCS. i hi ny c t chc di s bo tr ca Bukharin v thng qua nhng chnh
schnhohnTrungQuctrnhbytrciHiTonThBanChpHnhQTCSln9.
NhngtnhchtlnghtrongccchnhschcaQTCSvothiimnycphnnh
trongnghquytiHi,asumangtnhmpmvikhimuthun.Bukharincxu
chomtlinminhphnnhngxemnhthnhphntiutsn.Khuhiu:chinthngm
mntimthaynhiutnhtrthnhcimTrngQuco(ZhangGuoTaoND)gil
thndc(panaceaND),mtcchbinhchochnghamanhngvocuinm1927m
khngphinirngcuccchmngTrungQucanglccaotro[24].iHibuchn
mt B Chnh Tr mi, dn u bi Hng Trung Pht (Xiang Zhong Fa ND). Nhng thnh
vinkhclHTAn(QuQiuBaiND),ChunLai,TrngQuco,ThiHoSm(Cai
HesenND),LLpTam(LiLiSanND),HngAnh(XiangYingND).Bathnhvincab
chnhtrmiquayvliTrungQuctrciHiQTCSlHngTrungPht,ThiHo
Sm v L Lp Tam, nhng ngi ny theo li Trng Quc o l c nhim v t chc
ng[25].NhngnhhngcnhncanhngnhlnhoCSTrungQucvaquayvli
ThngHivothng7hocthng81928,saukhiihingcahktthcvtrckhii
hiQTCSbtu,cthlcucnhiutcngnnhngngicngsnVitNamhn
lbnthniHi6QTCS.
McdiHi6QTCSthngcxemlmtskinquytnhmtchoranhng
tngnhhnhtrnhmivvsnho,thcranchlbcucavicchuynhng
tchc.Bukharin,vnlTngBThcaQTCS,chimcquyntrongvicsonthov
thngquabnCngLnhChungcaTamQucT.Nhngvthcangbyuiv
slngoncaStalintrongCSLinXnthng121928ngtchctrongQTCSmc
dchachnhthcbcch quynchonthng6 1929.Vivth caBukharin trongQTCS,
nhngngminhcnhhucangtrongccngchuunhJulesHumbertDrozvngi
cnhhngchonmang[26].Vthnmah1928,QTCSvnphnnohuthun
chochnhschhptcvitnglpdnchxhicnhtvthiunhttrtrongvicphntch
mtcchngnhintrngcachnghatbnthgii.onibiuLinXmchyu
lnhngngitheoStalin,khnghilngviCngcaBukharin,vhiuchnh
nnhmnhnmnhtmquantrngquctcanhngkhochkinhtSVitvnhngmu
DinVvHoiAn
109
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
thuncasnnhtbncngnhtngcngvictncngvonhngngidnchx
hicnht[27].Dvyging iutnth miut GiaionThBavdinbincach
nghatbnsauchintranhcngkhngcmnhmmykhincaratrongiHi
TonThBanChpHnhQTCSlnth10vonm1929.TiiHi6,Bukharinmiut
GiaionThBanhmtnnhcachnghatbnmcuicngstrthnhmtkhng
hongmicachnghany[28].nmah1929,OttoKuusinenbocolniHiTon
ThBanChpHnhQTCSlnth10rnghinhontonthngnhttrongvicnhnnh
vGiaionThBanhlmtthiktanrcasnnhcachnghatbnvhnna
cnglgiaionchnmuicamtcaotrocchmngmi[29].
Kuusinen,mtnhcngsnlothnhngiPhnLan,lnginguUBanThucati
iHivcgiaotrchnhimlnhoBanBThCcngPhngkhiiHibmc.
ngtrthnhmttrongnhngngiiuhnhcaQTCSphngng.Nhngchnh
CngLnhChungcaBukharinlvnbnsctchnhtvchnhschcaTamQucTi
viccncthuca.Cnglnhlitktmnhimvchnh:
(1) Ltchnghatbnngoibang,chphongkinvtnglpach;
(2) Thnh lp nn chuyn chnh dn ch ca giai cp cng nng trn nn tng ca chnh
quynSVit;
(3) Tinticlpncnhvthngnhtchnhtr;
(4) Hubnqucgia;
(5) Quchuhonhngcskinhdoanhlncagiaicptbn(trongnhngngnhcng
nghip,giaothng,ngnhng,vnvn);
(6) Sungcngtisncanhngiach,nhthvtuvin,quchuhotontht
ai;
(7) Thchinchnhschngylmtmting;v
(8) Thnhlpqunicchmngcngnng[30]
Trongni bUBanThuc a,c gngca Kuusinen nhmthitlp mtchnhschchitit
hnchonhngncthucavbnthucagpphimtchngikhmnh.Cci
biukhng hiuc cchthc phnchiacc ncthuc a ra4thnh phnkhc nhau ca
ngcngnhsthiurrngvchinlcivinhngnclchuhn[31].(Vicphn
loinybhubtrongvnbnchnhthccaluncng).Trongbiphtbiubmcca
mnhvongy21thng8,KuusinenthnhnrngtrongLunCngcamnh,onniv
nhngtintrinphitbnchonhngncthucalchuthiunhnglunchngcn
thit.(ngcngnhclLunCng1920caLenincngthiulunchngvphnny).ng
nghvothiimny,thiimcahngiringnchnghacngsn,nncs
quantmcbittubansontho,ubannyvnchabtulmvic[32].Trongnhng
nhnxtvhotngcaubansontho,ngcnhcnbnLunCngtrongphn
cpnnhngvnchinlchinnaychcpdngchomtnhmccncthuca
sau:TrungQuc,n,AiCpvNamDngchcchnlnhngqucgiathucaquan
trngnht,theonhngni[33].
DinVvHoiAn
110
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Lun Cng cho cc Quc Gia Thuc a v Bn Thuc a khng c xut bn trn t
Inprecor(vitttcaInternationalPressCorrespondence,mttpchcngsnangnngca
QTCSND)vocuinm1928,khngnhnhngnghquytvluncngkhccaiHi;
cui cng n c in thnh tp sch mng vi 96 trang bng ting Nga nm 1928 nhng
khngrchnhxclkhino[34].Trongvnbnchnhthc,luncngginguynquanim
rngchnghatbnlmtlclngrur,khngcmtvaitrtinbtrongtnglai,ngay
ctrongnhngncthuca.MtbivitngnviquanimilpcaonibiuAnh
ginUBanThucacxutbnvongy27thng121928[35].Thnhvinngi
AngeloTasca(Serra],nginguBanBThkhuvcnitingRomantrongmtthigian
ngntiiHi6cngkhngmyhilng.ngvitchoKuusinenvothngGing1929
than phin v Lun Cng. Chng khng hon ton l mt lun cng chnh tr hay l mt
cnglnhhnhng,trongchaitrnghpchngukhngy.TikhngbitlCS
Php can d nhiu vo vic son tho hay khng... [36]. n thng 7 Tasca lin b a ra
khi hng ng lnh o ca QTCS. Jacques Doriot, ngi khi xng mt trn thng nht ti
VitNam,gicchcvcamnhtrongCSPhp,phicngkhaitbquanim
camnhvvichptcviphidnchxhi[37].Khkhntrongvictmrakinthng
nht v ng hng ng n cho cc quc gia thuc a l du hiu cho tnh trng ti t
chungcagungmyQTCStronggiaioncuinm1928.Vothng11AndresNin,mtng
vin cng sn Ty Ban Nha, bc l trong mt mu th gi cho Trotsky: Tnh trng QTCS
angvcnglnxn.Chngcvicghontt.Mingiungngchktqucatrnu
giaStalinvcnhhu.Mtsbnghoihonton,ngthanphin[38].
onibiuVitNamthamdiHi6gmbangidoCSPhplachntnhngnh
hotngParis.MttrongbangiylNguynThVinh,hhngviNguynThTruyn.
ngtheohctiMoscowtthng91926nthng111927nhngrikhiyvldo
sckho[39].NgithhailmtmtthuthBcKcgilBan,nginykhnglu
sauiHiribng[40].NgithbalNguynVnTo,mtngiminNamvl
thnhvincaCSPhp,ngthnhlpmttchccngsnngiVittiParisvothng
4/1928[41].ngcmtbidinvnginUBanThucavongy17thng8vib
danhlAn[42].PhntchcangvchnghathcdnPhpcnggngingviquanim
ca Kuusinen v s pht trin ca h thng thuc a ti n : ngnh tiu cng nghip ca
VitNambphhubiscnhtranhgiacccngtynmtrongtaycatsnbnxv
quc;nhngngiththcnganggianhpgiaicpvsntrnlnmnh;snlng
nngnghipbnhtr.Bococangkhnghnhcnvicotonhngnhhotng
ngiVittiQungChuhocvicthnhlpThanhNinHi.VldonynnrtcthH
ChMinhkhngphilngisonthobiphtbiucaTo,theophngoncaSLim
Phngsauny.MtnhmkhcbaogmnhngngiVittngikinhnghimtiNgatrong
thigiangianm1928trongcTrnPh,NgcTrvLHngPhong.Hnhnhhch
thamgiaiHivitcchquanstvin.Takhngrldotisaohkhngclthnh
vin ca on i biu chnh thc. Hai trong s ba i biu t Paris hnh nh tr thnh
nhngngikhngcchon(nguynvnLatin:PeronaeNonGrataeND).Sauvo
DinVvHoiAn
111
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
nm1930,mtlthybtbnhcamtnhhotngngiVitctrstiPariscgi
nBanBThngPhngcnhcnvicmtibiucaonVitNamtiihi
phphnhotngcaUBanThucatrongCSPhp,haiibiu(cllNguynTh
VinhvBan)cavtuquayvPhpngayngyhmsau[44].Vothng91928mt
qutrnhtitchctrongQTCSlimtlnnachuyngiaophntrchnhimngDngli
cho Phn B Trung ng, mt chi nhnh ca ng Phng Cc bao gm c n v Nam
Dng.[45]Vth,dCSPhpvUBanThucacangnyvntiptcccholc
trch nhim trong phong tro Vit Nam, trn l thuyt th ngun hng dn t tng chnh
thnggiythucvBanBThCcngPhngdoKuusinenngu.
TiiHiTonThBanChpHnhQTCSlnth10Kuusinencdpcngbmtcchc
hthnghnvnhngchinlctrongbuikhaimcihivongy3thng71929.Stalin,
ngi chin thng tuyt i trong cuc u ni b ca CS Lin X, ang dng QTCS
biulphongcchlnhomicamnh.Trongboconymsaucinviu
Tnh Hnh Quc T v Nhng Nhim V ca Quc t Cng Sn, Kuusinen ku gi cc ng
cngsnnntrthnhhochttinhkhit,snsngchotrnchinquytnhquynlc.
[46]Nukhnggtramnhkhinhngphntchicngnhvtquacmongmun
hngnquanhvichng,ccngcngsnskhngthtcthnhcngtinngii
quytnhngkhkhnmi,lndytstiluyncacucutranhgiaicptrongthii
mi ca phong tro cng nhn, ng tuyn b [47]. Thnh vin ca bt c ng cng sn no
khng chp nhn quytnh ca QTCSsbkhaitr [48].Gi thkhngcn nhnglp l v
chinlccamttrnthngnhtM.N.Roy,thnhvincngsnngin,ngitintng
vomtmttrnthngnhtvinhngnginqucgia,blnn[49].Trongphnkt
lunyphnkhch,KuusinentuynbrngConnghinticaQuctCngSnlmt
conngmi,nhngncnglconngc.Baphntthktrc,Marxtuynkhi
khuhiuhinthicachngtaGiaicpchngligiaicptronglihiutriuchocuccch
mngutranhgiaicpcang.ylhngimicachngta[50].
iHiMRnglnth 10khngch nhiun viciuchnhchitithn vnhng
hngdnchoccqucgiathucaangtrongnhnghoncnhphttrinkhcnhau.Cch
mngthgii,mtcuccchmngthuntucngsn,cxemnhnhlmtlclng
khnglangchinuchogiaicpvsntrntonacu.Kuusinenhngphnttbt
trong kh nng hng bin ca mnh:Nhn li nhng cuc u tranh ton cc xy ra trong
mt thi gian ngn k t Hi Ngh Th Gii ln 6, ta c th ni rng: i qun th gii ca
nhngchinsgiaicptchccangphttrinnhanhchng.NhngngithmvngRuhr
(mtkhuvccND)vScotland,nhngngithdtBalanvPhp,nhngchinsti
phng tuyn Berlin, nhng ngi biu tnh v nh cng Bombay, nhng phu n in
Columbia, nhng ngi khi ngha da en Congo, nhng nng dn ang nh cng ti
Czechoslovakia v Balan, nhng cng nhn cch mng v du kch bn nng ti Trung Quc,
nhngnhtranhungiMaRcvhngtrmnghnngikhcylmtoquntch
cckhngl[51].TholuncaKuusinenvutranhqunchnglduhiucanhngg
sxyratiVitNamtrongvinmti.Tronggiaionhinti,imxutphtcautranh
DinVvHoiAn
112
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
qunchnglnhngquynlitinkhivthngnhtcanhndn,ngni.Chngtaphi
luiunytrongnhngchinlccamnh.Nhngcucutranhhinnaykhngchgii
hntrongnhngihicpbchvccbnyncchiuhngmnhmvrrngi
xahnna[52].
TiXim
HChMinhtchnnXimvolcQTCSangbtuchuynsangccchnhschctnh
chtgiaicpmnhmhnvomah1928.VngkhngcbtcboconogichoQTCS
trongkhong16thngXim,tthng71928nthng111929,chngtanmcthngtin
tronggiaionnynhvomtshikcanhngngvincngsnkcuvtrongcun
schcaTrnDnTin,ccholttruyncaH.Hnhnhcamtnhchnhtrluvong
bqunlngrtratnhnglthcangbinthnhmtnhhintritkhhnhbmt,
bngrngntngbnlng.Mcdlcyngkhong3536tuinhngtrongschTrn
DnTinngcgilnggiChnvlunitrccnhstmtbc.Tinvitrngc
lcHphigianhpmttuvinPhtGiotrnhstruylngcamtthmPhp[53].Vic
nyhontoncthxyra,nhngnkhngcnintrongbtchikcangiVit
nocpvthigianHXim.
Victhiutiliuthngtintrongthigiannythtvcngthtvng,vngitachorngH
ChMinhhotngnhiuhnlchthnhlpcchitngt,ngvaigilnghocdng
trnghc.mvngvnhngthayitrongnglicaQTCSlannTrungQuc,Vit
NamvtonbngNamvomathu1928,nhngchngtakhngbitgnhiutnhng
hikccrngncnhhngrasaonminBcThiLan.Nhngngibitc
danhtnhthtcangthchcvi hcvinThanh NinmngototiQungChuv
Cao Hoi Ngha, mt cu thu th v cng c l l mt thnh vin trong nhm ca H ti
QungChu.[54]nnm1929tinnlannchuurngngbbt[55].Thnhphn
lnhocaThanhNintiQungChucholngvncnMoscow[56].Khngrvicny
nginchlthiquengibmttitnhcanghayvmtldocbitnomng
phinmimchi.Tacthonrngngangichchonhngtcungphongchng
nhng ngi Trotskyist lng xung. (Mc d kh c th cho ng l mt phn t Trotskyist,
nhng trong ni b CS Php, ng tng tip xc vi Doriot, ngi c cho l thn
Trotskyist).CngcthngsbtgicbinhngngiVitkhngtheocngsnmng
clinhkhicnminnamTrungQuc;hoccthngangnghingLmcThlmt
chimcaPhp.
i b t th trn trung tm Phichit, H n Udon, mt trong nhng tm im ca cng ng
ngiVithingoi,vothng81928,theohikcaHongVnHoan[57].Cncvonhng
grtracthiKcaHoanvnhngngikhctrongthiimny,HChMinh
hot ng rt cn trng, thu thp tin tc v tnh hnh a phng, gip t chc v xy dng
trnglpotothanhninVitNamtimtngilngngoiUdon[58].Hoanvitrngsau
DinVvHoiAn
113
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
khiliUdon,HchuynnNakhonPhanombndngMekong[59].VMai,mtthnhvin
caThanhNinvngNghAn,trongnm1931khaivingithmcungmnhrngng
a tm hc vin t Vinh n Lakhon (tn c ca vng Nakhon Phanom] vo thng 10 1928.
nglivihtrongkhohcdi3thngridnhvliVinhvothnh12.LikhaicaV
MaikhngnhcnshindincaHChMinhtiXim,nhngthiimcanchothy
chuyn i c th c lin h vi vic H c mt ti y. V Mai, mt lin lc vin lm vic
chungviThanhNinKBtiTrungPhnVitNam,cthemsangnhiutintcquan
trngvtnhhnhtrongnc[60].
PhngcchtchcphongtrotinngthncaHlmtalintngnphngphpca
BnhBitiQungngtrongthikmttrnthngnhtviQucDnng.nkhiHt
chn n Xim, nhng phng php ny c a vo thc hnh bi nhng thnh vin
ThanhNinnhHongVnHoan, nginmin bcXimvothng61928.Trngtm
caphongtrolnhngtrngcptinmccnhhotngthnhlpticcvngnng
thn.Trongnhngtrngnycchcvintrctipcnvinhngtngchnhtrhin
ivrnluynthnth,ngoirahcntsnxutlngthcvnudthathdngtr
lng chogiovin.Vothng21930,khiHboco nhnghotngcamnhchoQTCS,
ngchobitThanhNinthnhlpc3trngotovangxydngngitrngth
t [61] Trong cng bn bo co, ng gii thch rng nhng ngi Vit c ng ti Xim l
nhngnngdntdo,ththcng,tiuthng,hcthcavonhnghiihu
vinhngttngyuncvphn[62].ngnghnhngnhhotngVitNamnn
i tn t bo a phng ca h t ng Thanh sang Thn i, vi hm hng v mt
hnh thc t chc rng m hn [63]. Dng nh khng c giai cp bn c nng trong thnh
phnngiVittiXimngquantm.Vocuinm1929,vicnhnmnhttngyu
ncbcholthnhphncchtnnguyhim.NhngclHkhngcthngbov
victhayixuhngtrongphongtrocngsnthgiichonmah1929,khihaiibiu
ngiVitXimtrvtHiNghThanhNinlnthnhtctchctiHngKngvo
thng5.
NhnghikccththiunhngchititvhotngcaHChMinhtcuinm1928
n thng 11 1929, khi ng ri Xim i Hng Kng. V Mai khng bo co thm nhng
chuyni vtLo quaXimsauthng 12 1928. Hong Vn Hoanchochngtabitrng H
angbnrnvivicchuynngnhnglunthuytcngsnttingHoasangtingVitd
hiuvhthnglmvicchungtrongcngtcdchthutny.Nhngngvitnhngvicny
xyravocuicanm1928.TiSakho,Hccholsonthomtbntrngcav
Trn Hng o, mt anh hng dn tc ca th k 13 m ngi Vit a phng tn th nh
thnthnh.HikcangVnCpchobitrngHlchccnghthucngy
gipchabnhchodnaphng[64].(Clngtmcchchachychnglaophi
camnh,vsaunyngckvimtngnghipngiVittiHngKnglngbbnh
hn mt nm Thi Lan, v khng th lm c bt c vic g [65]) H bo co vi
QTCSlngquaLomtthigianngngpgnhngVitkiunhnghailntb
vic vt bin sang Vit Nam v mt cnh st qu nhiu ti bin gii [66]. Theo L Mnh
DinVvHoiAn
114
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Trinh,vokhongthng61929ngsangBangkokthmhimtsnhcucchmng
[67].
MtssgiangiVittinrngHnililinlcvithnphcangtrongnhngnm
1928v1929quasmigiicangivgocaLngNgcCan,nginycnhPhnom
Penh v lm cng tc lin lc gia cng sn v nhng ngi Vit quc gia [68]. T ma xun
1928chonkhingquaivothng111929,NguynSinhHuy(tcNguynSinhSc)sng
tilngHoAngnCaoLnh,tnhSac.NgiPhptinrngHuyilinhmtthythuc
ngylunggilinlcvinhngcshotngminNam.Tuynhinkhngc
bngchngvnhngtipxctrctipgia hai chacon, mcdHuythngxuyn vitth
chovgocaCanvomaxun1928vihyvnglbctintcgcbitchong[69].Khi
ngcnlmvictiXim,HcchornggihaingigchuynNamn,tnhNgh
AnangsngtiXimsangcngtcCambodia[70].RtcthlHkhngnhnglinlc
vithnphmnhquangPhnomPenhmcnvinhngthnhvinThanhNinangthnh
lpmtngitrngcptintithtrnSac.NhngnginybaogmChuVnLim,H
HuyGipvPhmVnng,theoliTrnVnDiep,mthcvinQungChungigcCn
Thanggingdyti[71].asnhngnginhmnytrthnhthnhvincathnh
phn cng sn trung thnh vi nhm lnh o Qung Chu v H Ch Minh, l An Nam
CngSnng,vomathunm1929.
SphttrincaThanhNin
TrongkhiHChMinhangmthmhotngtiXimvtrongkhiQTCSangchnhn
hng i ti Moscow, phong tro cch mng min Nam Trung Quc v Vit Nam ang t
mnhtintrin.Trongkhongcuinm1928mtnhmkhong24ngiVitNamangging
dyvhctptiHongPhnhngngitngbbtgivothng121927vcth
t do[72]. Chongia nm 1928nhng KB caThanh Nin c thitlptrn c ba
min Vit Nam [73]. Vo thng 2, Tng B Qung Chu c cc thnh vin sau cho K B
TrungK:VngThcOnh,NguynThiuvNguynSSch.Vothng6,lnhoQung
Chu b nhim L Vn Pht ng u K B Nam K, lc ny gm c Nguyn Kim Cng,
ChuVnLimvcthcNgThim[74].PhtlmtthythucnamgcBnTrevavt
QungChu,ningbgiamgisaukhinghathngChp.KBBcKcthnhlp
vo thng 7 1928, bao gm Dng Hc nh, Trnh nh Cu v c th c Nguyn Danh
i,[75]diquynlnhocaTrnVnCung,khingnyquayvtQungChuvou
nm1929.ThngtintmthytrongvnkhPhpvnhnghotngcagiilnhoThanh
NintiQungChutrongthiknythtngitnnkhngthbitchccailngi
ngvaitrchotrongvicphnnhimccthnhvinvccKBtiVitNam.
Vothng61928,nlccuicngnhmthngnhtCchMngngviThanhNinbtht
bi.SauCchMngngtchcihiHu,tiyngnyitnthnhTn
Vit.NhnglnhocburatiiHilPhanngLu,HiTriu(NguynKhoaVn)
DinVvHoiAn
115
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
vNguynChDiumsaunytrthnhnhnglnhocangcngsntiTrungK
trong thi k Mt Trn Dn Ch vo cui thp nin 30 [76]. V Nguyn Gip, mt hc sinh
trngQucHcHu,cngcththamgiatrongiHi.ngTnVit,cngnhThanh
Ninv Vit Nam Quc Dnng, btutchc vnng phntrongthigian ny.
NguynThMinhKhai,mthcsinhtVinh,cbulmlnhocaphnhiphn.
Saunybchobitvonm1928,phnhicabc50thnhvintrongcmttiut20
ngitinhmydimVinhvmttiutkhcvi15ngitimtxngg[77].Vict
chccngoncngcphttrinmnhtingDngvonm1928[78].HHuyTp
vitrngmtcucbicngtchcthnhcngtininmaPhMBRavothng6
vthng7.Chnhbnthnngilmphuninvothng91928.ngnhlicucnh
cngvothng8cacngnhnhoxaBinHovnhcngkhctinhmyduNhB.
ng cho rng nhng hot ng ny l do nhng ngi cng sn (ng khng nu tn) t
chc[79].
Vongy28v29thng91928KBBcKcaThanhNinccholhpmtgnH
Ni tho lun phng hng nhm v sn ho ng. Theo mt ngun ti liu ca Vit
Nam,cuchpny,ikhiccholmtihi,ctchctinhringcaNgGia
TtilngLinSn,huynTSn,tnhBcNinh[80].NcbitnhlHiNghTiT
Chc,tiliuchobit.KBnhnthythnhvincahaslhcsinhvgiovinv
thngnhtrngtrongtnglainntngcaphongtrosphilgiaicplaong.Hquyt
nh tng cng cng tc tuyn truyn trong hng ng cng nhn m v cc x nghip; gi
thnhvinnlmvictrongcckhum,nhmyvnin,vdngmiphngtinhp
phptchcqunchngmtcchrngri[81].HaithnhvincaThanhNinlNgGia
TvNguyncCnhcphncngtchctuyntruyntronghngngcngnhn.H
cngcnhimvtrngcoivicchuynhothnhphnhcsinhtiutsnvconemcagii
tr thc ang chim i a s trong Thanh Nin sang thnh phn v sn. Nhng thnh vin
ThanhNinnokhngthayitheoihimisbothikhitchc.Thnhphnny
baogmnhngthnhvintsncnungchiu,nhngngikhngcphongthicch
mng,khngchucgiankhvthiuoc.Vothng31929KBBcKtheouicon
ngtkhuynhbngcchthnhlpmtcuchpmhgiltchccngsnutinti
VitNam.Nhng ngitham dcuchptis 5Dng HmLong,HNigmc Ng
GiaT,NguyncCnhvTrnVnCung(QucAnh)tNghAn,nginynhtabit,
vounm1929tQungChuvliBcKnmKB[82].ychnhlnhmngi
liQungChusaukhiHChMinhikhininytrongthikkhingha1927.Trn
VnCungccholthamgiatrongcucKhiNghaQungChu[83].Nhnghotng
cahtthng9nm1928ncuinm1929chothyhmttintngvogiilnho
ca Thanh Nin Qung Chu. Cu hi t ra l h ang theo ui t tng no trong giai
onny.Mcdcuchpvothng91928cthlmtphnngiviiHi6QTCS,
nhngclqusmhnhnthcthuocnglnhcaiHi,nhtlvnkhngc
mt s nht tr v vic p dng cng lnh nh th no trong nhng nc thuc a.
DinVvHoiAn
116
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Tintcvnhngskintrongnm1928MoscowiHiTonThBanChpHnhQTCS
ln9viHi6caCSTrungQucvQTCStrongmahcthltvnchuvo
ma thu nm . Nhng bo co khng chnh thc ca nhng ngi Vit ti Moscow v ca
NguynVnTotiPariscthnhngThanhNinrngscnhngthayispn.
NhngchchnnhngchthcthchongDngcaQTCSkhngncccnh
cchmngVitNamtrcmaxunmvomathunm1929.LcthLunCngvCc
QucGiaThucavBnThucacaKuusinenchchncinrabngtingNga,v
Cng Lnh Chung ca Bukharin c th c bit n qua t Inprecor v nhng t bo
cngsnkhc.Nhngtacnnnnhrng,dvybnthoLunCngcaKuusinenmin
ngy 4 thng 10 1928 mi c in trn Inprecor; bi pht biu ca An v Vit Nam n 25
thng 10 mi xut hin trn bo ny. CS Php khng bt u thc thi chnh sch Con
ngMichonsauiHi6cangny,ctchcvothng41929.Trongmtbi
bongy21thng4/1929trntNhno,MauriceThorezvitrngngnyangbc
vomtgiaionchnchnhmangtnhquytnhvmtcucutranhquantrngchng
lichnghachi.
SphttrincalclngcnhtTrungQuc
TnhnghslutrcaQTCSvTrungQuctacththytrongsutnm1928BChnh
Tr CS Trung Quc mun theo ui mt chnh sch v trang mnh m hn ca QTCS trong
hintnhcchmngTrungQuc.Vdnhmttuynbvothng51928caBChnh Tr
CSTrungQucphphnHiNghTonThBanChpHnhQTCSln9vothng2nm
y.TuynbnhnmnhrngcaotrocchmngvnangtipdinvnghquytcaQTCS
cpqutvsthiustcavincnhchosnnhkinhtvchnhtrcagiaicp
thng tr Trung Quc [84]. Cc Vin ng thuc Ban Chp Hnh QTCS, c thnh lp
ThngHivonm1926hngdnnhngngcngsnchu,thuyngimxung
cnmtnhmctcntitrongthiknyvkhngnmlivaitrchohontoncho
nmaxun1929[85].idincaCcThngTinQucT(OtdelMezhdunarodnoiSvyazy
hayOMS)thucQTCSlA.E.Albrecht(Abramovich),lnhhaitrchnhim:phnbngnsch
vidinchnhtrtrongthikginonny.Vothngtunthng61928,tThngHi
AlbrechtvitthchoMoscowthanphinvtnhmanhngtrongCSTrungQucvn
tiptcphttrinnccvngnngthn.minnamcctnhHNam,SnTyvphabc
Qungng,qunivntiptcgiaotranh.Nhngnxariqunchngvhnhxnh
mtnhmthph.Albrechtquytrchnhimchongnghipcamnh,mtidinQTCS
tn Mitkevich (cn c tn l Olga), l gieo rc tinh thn manh ng trong CS Trung
Quc[86].NhngbnthnMitkevichcngphphnnhnghnhngthiqucaSVit
HiLcPhong:vdnhmnhlnhbtttcnhcaphicsn,vchtrngtn
phcchuynl(ltrungtmquynlccagiiachvqutc)[87].
McdAlbrechtbocovicngiNhtcanthipvoTNam(JinanND)dnnvic
y mnh phong tro qun chng ti thnh th, nhng trng tm ca CS Trung Quc
DinVvHoiAn
117
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
hngvvngnngthn.CctonquncngsndoChuc(ZhangDeND)vTrnNgh
(Chen Yi ND) ch huy kt hp vi lc lng ca Mao Trch ng ti vng bin gii H
NamGiangTyvothng41928tothnhmtvngcsnngthn.SauthtbicaS
Vit HiLcPhong vo thng 3, mt s ngi tham gia rt vo vng ni non pha ng
Qungng,trongkhimtskhccthquayvQungChuvhonhpviquni
Quc Dn ng. Nhng ngi cnliho chungvi lnsngt nnangdnlntrong nm
1927hngvnhngcngngngiHoaNamDng[88].Lnsngcatnglplaong
TrungQucvkhuvcngNamrrnglthcyvicthnhlpUBanLmThi
NamDngvtycngcnhhngcaubannyiviphongtrocngsnVit
Nam.BNgoiGiaoPhpbocorngchonnm1927tiSiGn,ChLnvPhnom
PenhcmtconsngkcangiHoatrongthnhphnculivphubntu.TiBc
KngiHoacmtrtngmtsccvam[89].
Nhngngitnntrongbaogmcnhngngicngsnlntrn,clicunvo
cngngluvongctchcchtchnimQucDnngccsvngvng.Bo
cocaPhpvvnnginhpcchobitrngnhngngiTrungQuctingDng
unhnlclinhvitchcdntcQucDnng...Hbbtbucthamgia,vh
khngdmcngliquynlccaccHingvchngutrcthucdiquyncamt
TngonthucQucDnng[90].Takhngrnhngccucngsnvonm1928n
mnhrasaotronglngtchcQucDnng.TiQungChu,nhtathy,mtsthnh
vincngsnngiVitvnnmtrongccucaQucDnngchoncuinmytip
tcnhnglptphunbmtcamnhcngnhmusinh.Tinhngncthucang
Nam,hcngphilmnhthnginlsngcn.VdnhtiSingapore,thnhphn
cnht chunh hngcacngsn(c bitn nh l phong tro Main School) kim
sot21trongs29chibQucDnngvothng4/1928[91].NhngUBAnNamDng
clthitlpmtcchmttrnmitrongnmynhmginguyntchc,nhtis
phntchthmdi.
Trongkhonggianm1928v1929khngkhtrthccnhttiTrungQucangchunh
hngtnlcchnhngkhiQucDnngtkhuynh,khngphthucvoQTCS.Vo
thng51929HingChTiTChccthnhlp.Cmttitchchmvtinhthn
caphongtrotitchcQucDnngtrongnm1924,cthchindinhhngca
Borodin.NguynnhntinkhikchngvicthnhlptchcnychnhlvicNhtchim
ng T Nam trong tnh Sn ng trong cng thng y [92]. Nhng theo quan im ca So
Waichor,thnhphnQucDnngcnhtkhngbnglngvvicTngGiiThchl
lnhngnguyntccbncah:phnvcicchina[93].CiltngmHing
Chidint1928nkhinspvonm1931lnhmvosngtnhcagiaicp
b bc lt Trung Quc, bao gm nhiu thnh phn x hi nh gii trung thng v tiu
thng,giinngdnttiuachnlaocngnngtri,giaicplaong,giaicptiut
sn,trthcvthanhnin[94].
DinVvHoiAn
118
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
nhhngtrthccanhlnhoHingChlTrnCngBc(ChenKungpoND)
vt ra ngoi phm vi Quc Dn ng. ng l mt hc gi c o to ti M v mt cu
ng vin CS Trung Quc tng gi nhiu ch v quan trng trong thi k mt trn thng
nht[95].TpchCchMngBnhLun(KoMingPingLunND)dongxutbntunm
1928nkhibTngGiiThchngcavothng9lmttbocchiuhngMarxist.
NhngngivitbichotpchidinchophicctcaQucDnngvccnhng
ngibnnghnhcngsn[96].MttrongnhngttngdoTrnCngBccxutrong
tpchvnhngbivitkhclCucCchMngDnTcTrungQucclinhchtchvi
cuccchmngphntoncu.ngtinrngQucDnngnnnhnlynhimvlnh
ocuccchmngdntccanhndnthucangphng,tthcycchmng
th gii [97]. V vn ny ng khuyn khch vic thnh lp mt t chc Quc T Phng
nghocmtTamDnQucTnhmcnbngthlcvicHiLinHipQucGiav
TamQucTMoscow.SoWaichoroanchcrngchthuytphncaTrnCngBc
gieommttngvvnnytrongnhngngicnhT.
Vic thnh lp mt hi phn mi ti Thng Hi vo thng 7 hoc thng 8 Lin Hip cc
DnTcPhngngbpBccthlktquhotngcaHingCh(cncgi
lTiTChc)trongQucDnng[99].LinMinhnysngvaitrchchttrongtrong
phongtrocnhtNamDngtronggiaiont1929nu1930.Sraicancth
toiukinchonlccaHingChtrongvicthnhlpccchinhnhhingoiti
HngKng,Nht,VitNamvSingapore[100].NhngLinHipnydngnhchdng
lm mt v ngoi hp php cho nhng hot ng cng sn. Vic ny c v nh li thi
gingnhmtstiptccamttrnthngnhtgiaQucDnngCSTrungQucc
llinhnchtrngcaWillyMunzenbergtrongLinHipPhnBerlin.Tii
Hi6QTCSnglntingvscnthitcavicgivngnhhngcngsntronghng
lotnhngtchcphicngsnkhc[101].Chonthng41929PhunhnTnDtTin,nm
trongphongtroTamng,vncmangchcvChTchDanhDtrongtboca
HiLinHip[102].Trongmtlthvitvothng31930,CcVinngkhenngiCS
TrungQucvsthnhthotrongvicsdngnhngkhnnghpphpvbnhpphp,
trongbaogmLinHipPhnvLinHipTDo[103].
MtbococaUBanLmThiNamDng(choUBanTrungngCSTrungQuc)vit
vongy19thng71928phnnhtmquantrngcaphongtrophntronggiaion
ny.Ncngcpnvicihiphicmtcucutranhkhngkhoannhngtrong
cctchchngucaUBan[104].Bnbococngtngthutmthinghtonthm
rngbtuvongy2thng71928.HinghnybaogmnhngibiutBonero,TiuT
ThuThcBit,nhngtcngnhncaosu,LinonThanhNinCngSnvLinon
Phn[105].UBanQungngkhnggiibiuthamd;vcngkhngthynhc
nnhngibiucachibNamKCamBt.iHiTonThtuynbrngtchcng
cavngQunoMLai(mtcchgikhccangiNgachovngNamDng)phic
titchc;mithnhphnphhoi,thoihovdodsbothi.Chcnhngngch
cngquyt,trungthcvqunmnhscbt;nhngngixutthnthnhphncng
DinVvHoiAn
119
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
nngcathnglnhngnglnho.HiNghdnhngy3thng8chonhngkho
gingvphn,vncnhnmnhmtcchcbittrongchngtrnhihi.Cc
hcvincchthnvinngdnvtchcmtingqunchngrngrit
nidythamgiaphongtrochngNht.Nhngnhnghotngtrnkhngcnhndanh
U Ban Nam Dng.Bo co nirng hintichngti khng ckh nng lnho phong
troqunchngmtcchcngkhaididanhnghangcngsn.Vthphongtrongy3
thng8clnhomtcchbmt,nhndanhnhngtchcqunchngnhHipHi
KhngNht,HipHiHoaKiuCuQuc,HipHiTyChayHngHoNht,vnvn[107].
iulthlthiimcaHiNghtonthmtrongsclnhtitchcUBAnNam
DngcbanhnhlirtgnvithiimcaHiNghTiTChccaKUBcK
caThanhNinvothng9.LiuchibNamKCamBtcaUBAnNamDngnhnch
th v viccn phititchcsauhinghtonththng 7?Liucnhnglin hggia
nhngnhhotngngiHoatiSiGnhocBcKvnhngthnhvinngiVittrong
Thanh Nin? Rt c kh nng nhng t chc cng sn Nghip on Thu Th, Lin on
Thanh Nin Cng Sn, Ban B Th Nghip on Thi Bnh Dng, hoc nhng phn t cng
sntrongLinonPhncungcpccutchclinlcvtruyntnhnggip
vchnhtr.TacthontnhtlnglcthcyThanhNinvchtrngvictchc
tnglpvsncchuyntitCSTrungQuc,cllquangUBAnNamDng
mkhngphitrctiptMoscowhoctHChMinhangXim.UBanTrungngca
ThanhNintiQungnghnhnhkhnglinquannvicnytheonhnhngskin
trongnm1929chothy.
KhiLLpTam(LiLiSanND)tMoscowquayvvocuimahhocumathu1928,
ng nhanh chngkhuynkhchxuhngthintbntrongCS Trung Qucvi phng
phptmthianhngngicngsnTrungQucvomtmttrnthngnhthtngvi
nhngthnhphncnhtcaQucDnng.ylmtkhacnhtrongchnhschcaL
LpTamkhngcphnnhtrongtiliuchnhthccaCSTrungQuc.Nhngtiliu
ca QTCS v CS Trung Quc cung cp nhng bng chng v kha cnh khng c
cng nhn ny trong phong cch lnh o ca L Lp Tam. Kha cnh ny theo ti c nh
hngnhngicanhngskintiVitNamtrongnm1929vunm1930.KhiL
quay v li Thng Hi, ng ch l mt thnh vin d khuyt ca B Chnh Tr v U Ban
ThngTrc[108].NhngvitcchlnginguPhngTChc,ngsmtrthnh
ngi lnh o ti cao trong nhng khu vc thnh th. Rt c th l L Lp Tam a nh
hngcamnhvotrongUBanLmThiNamDng.LlnhocaTngLinonLao
ngtiThngHitrongthikhongkimcanvonm1925,vcnglthnhvintrong
Ban B Th Thng Trc ca Nghip on Thi Bnh Dng, c th ng l mt nhn vt
quenthucivinhngngihotngcngonnhpcnnhngbncngng
Nam t nm 1926 n 1928 [109]. ng mang nhng quan im thin t ca U Ban Chp
HnhcaPhnBQungngmnglthnhvinsaukhitrnkhiThngHivocui
nm 1925[110]. SauthtbicaCng X Qung Chung c cng uTnhU
Qungng;khngrlnggichcvnybaolu[111].CnhstSingaporesauny
DinVvHoiAn
120
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
lurngcmtstngcngmnhmtrongvictuyntruyntUBanTrungng
CSTrungQucnMLaitrongnm1928v1929.Hcholvicphttrincachngha
cngsntiMLaildophongtrotuyntruynny[112].VicLLpTamquayvThng
Hi vo na cui nm 1928 cho thy y l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn dn n vic tng
cngtuyntruyntrn.
MttrongnhnghnhngutincaLLpTamkhiquayvThngHiltrcxutThi
HoSm(CaiHesenND)rakhithnhphnlnho,mthnhngmQTCScholbc
bnhngktqucaiHi6CSTrungQuc.QTCShyvngvicbomcson
kttrongthnhphnlnhoCSTrungQucbngcchanhngibiutnhiutnglp
khcnhauvoBChnhTr,mtlthcaVladimirKuchumovthucCcVinnggivo
thng 12 1928 cho Stalin, Molotov, Bukharin v Pyatnitsky gii thch nh th. Nhng vic
Thi b trc xut c xem l mt bc li li thi k cc t trc i Hi 6. L th ca
Kuchumovcpnthngt(khngcs)caUBanTrungngCSTrungQucbn
vnhngvntchctronglnnnghngnhocaChiUThngHi,khc
hnvinghngccoancaTnhUQungng.LthcaKuchumovdoph
phnHngTrungPht(XiangZhongFa ND)vLLpTamkhngtchccqun
chng v khng pht huy khu hiu on kt vi giai cp Tiu T Sn. Phng cch khc
phcnhngsailmchnhtrnylginmtnhmidinchoBanChpHnhQTCS
lmvicviUBanTrungngCSTrungQuc.imcuicngtronglthcaKuchumov
lxutvictithitlpPhnBVinnglnhocctchctiTrung Quc,Nht,
TriuTin,PhilippinesvngDng[113].
PhnBVinngmibtuhotngtiThngHivohtunthng31929[114].N
baogmmtngiBaLantnlIgnatyLyubinetskiKylski,cnctnlOsten,vmtngi
cthucchaicnhtvhucaCSctrongnhngnm20.NginytnlGerhard
Eisler,anhcaRuthFischer,cbitnvitnRoberts.Nhngngikhcngcsti
ThngHilidincaCngonQucT(ProfinternND)lGeorgeHardyvmt
ngikhctnlG.M.Bespalov,phivincaLinonThanhNinCngSnlWillyhoc
Young.JakovRudnik,ngingunhnghotngcaCcThngTinQucTquay
li Thng Hi vo ma xun 1930 vi b danh Milaire Noulens cng vi mt s ngi
khc[115]. Osten/Rylski v Robers/Eisler l nhng bo co vin chnh tr ch cht cho n khi
PavelMifxuthinvothng91930,trongkhinhngthnhvinkhctrongPhnBVin
ngcttrchnhimhn,vdnhlnhngcngtcvcngon,hoctrongtrnghp
caRudnikllovtichnhvhucnchoPhnB.Nhngngicngsnbitc,theoli
Trng Quc o (Zhang Guo Tao ND), rng Kylski v Eisler c nhng sai lm hu
khuynhtrongqukh.(TrngnhmlntncahlThalheimervBrandler).Vldo
ny, ng cho rng, h khng c xem nh nhng nhng ngi u quyn ng tin cy di
quanimcamtQTCScStalinho[116].
Ma h 1929 em n nhng tin trin mi ha hn mt cao tro cch mng xa vi m
nhngngiTrungQuchngtrngimgiyspsaxyra.Nhtathy,iHi
DinVvHoiAn
121
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
TonThQTCSlnth10vothng7quytnhPhngHngMivvicutranh
giaicplnhngchnhschchotrongphongtrocngsnquct.(MtlthcaQTCS
gichoCSTrungQucvomahnmythngbochoCSTrungQucbitrngnhng
ngitrungnngkhngcncxemnhlngminhtrongcucutranhchnggiaicp
a ch [117]). Cng lc y, phong tro chng i v trang ca mt lin minh lng lo gm
nhngachvsqunchngliQucDnngangdngcaoNamKinh.Kuusinen
phbnhCSTrungQuctrongmthinghcaBanBThChnhTrthucBanChpHnh
QTCS vo thng hai rng Rt nhiu ng ch Trung Quc ch ch trng vo mc tiu trc
mt,,lmnhhangngibncaschimtphpmucchmngthnhlnhxuthin.
Phpmunyphixuthinrasaothkhngrrngmy....Hbnvcucutranhgiagiai
cptsnvtchcQungTyvborngnhnmcaotrocchmngangngn[118]
D vy, v QTCS khng ngng nhn mnh s cn thit cnh gic chng li ch ngha c hi
hu khuynh v ch ngha tho hip, CS Trung Quc dng nh quyt nh rng vic
nhennhmlichintranhqunphitmrachohchiymnhnhngcuckhi
nghavtrang.StalincngymnhmicngthngtrongnibQTCSbngcchlintc
aranhngcnhbovmtcucchintranhcaqucchnglincNgaSVit,cl
ku ng h cho nhng chnh sch kinh t to bo ca mnh. ng s dng mi mu thun
angcngthngtituynngstTrungQucngPhng(onnidicatuynng
stnitingTransSiberian,lnguynnhncachintranhNgaNhtvTrungNhtND)
araquanimrngmttrongnhngnhimvcacngsnthgiilbovLinBangS
Vit.
KhinhngngitrongHiTiTChcthamgiavoviciuphicucutranhvtrang
chnglichnhquynNamKinhvogianm1929,CSTrungQucchtmnghh.
TrongsnhngngiqunphitthchthcgiilnhoQucDnnggmcTrng
PhtKhu(ZhangFakuiND)HBi,LTnNhn(LiZongRenND)vDuBnhB(Yu
ZuoboND)QungTy[119].TrnCngBcchuynnHngKngvothng61929ch
huychindchvtrang,cgilPhongTroVngCuQuc[120].Clcdngnh
ncchichmdtquynlccaTngGiiThch.Haithnhvincngsn,ngTiu
Bnh(Deng XiaoPing ND) v Trng Vn Dt(ZhangYunYi ND) ngigc HiNam
ciutThngHinQungTytrtrnvoPhongTroCuQuc,ngnvo
khonggianm1929vTrngvokhongunm1928.ngkliviEdgarSnow(nh
boMND)vonm1936rngngnQungTyquangHiPhng,VitNamvng
QungChuqumohim.ngkrnglinlcvinhngphinqunngiVit,nhng
ngiphtngcuckhinghaCngNngvonm1930[121].Khngchchnnhli
caUliFranz(nhshccND)rngngthamkhoviHChMinhtiThngHi
vconngnottnhtiQungTy.Nhngrrnglngdngnhngcsngi
VitgipngdichuyntHiPhngbngtuhonbingiiQungTy,tngi
theoconngcanhngthnhvinThanhNinnLongChuritiNamKinh[122].
SauiHiTonThBanChpHnhQTCSlnth10,PhnBVinngtiThngHi
bao gm nhng nhn vin hu khuynh c a ra quan im bng cch thng qua mt
DinVvHoiAn
122
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
nghquytbiulsnghtuyticahivichnhschPhngHngMi.Tiliu
nycvitvothng101929,trongtuynbrngPhnBVinngsnsngchinu
chnglinhngedomangtnhchivdaongtrongCSTrungQuc.Bnnghquyt
cngphphnCSTrungQucchcmtlpmngcathnhphncngnhnvtipxc
vimtstchcqucgiacchtn.TnhUQungTythnglngviTngDuBnh
Bvhotngtrongiquncangta,vgiinnnhngtchcaphngkugi
mtchindchrnglnnghkhiTrngPhtKhuDuBnhB,bnnghquytchobit.
Mt s ng vin t chi thnh lp nhng cng on trong nhng hng xng c
nhngcngonvnghoctrcthucchnhphtnti[123].
NghquytnycaPhnBVinngtoraphnngygindtBChnhTrTrung
Quc. Trong nhng cuc hp vi Phn B Vin ng vo thng 12 1929, nhng ngi Trung
Quc,doChunLai,LLpTamvHngTrungPhtidin,khngthanhnvicb
cobuclcnhngsailmhukhuynh.Ticuchpngy10thng12Rylskiphbnh
CSTrungQucvvichptcvithnhphntrungnngvnhngngiqucgiacch
tn ti Qung Ty [124]. ng tha nhn l khi nhng mu thun xy ra ti tuyn ng st
ng Phng, chng ti tho lun v chin tranh du kch vi cc ng ch v a ra
nhngxutrtvngchcmccngchcngchpnhn.Chngtinghccng
chnntchc,mrngvkchhotnhngcucchintranhdukch...[125].Nhngvinlc
nhmtrnhlinhtrchnhimvnhngsailmcaCSTrungQuc,ngbxungrng
nghnyikmvinhngchthgiodcqunchngmCSTrungQuckhngchu
pdng[126].LLpTamphnbinlilichtrchnyticuchpthhai(13thng12],ng
ni rng U Ban Trung ng CS Trung Quc lun u tranh chng li mi e do hu
khuynh,rnghchinunhngkhuynhhngthinhubngnhngphngphpnh
hp php ho phong tro, pht trin ho bnh v nh gi nghim khc tng lp t sn. ng
cngchrarngUBanTrungngcngphphnnhngngiTiTChctiQung
Ty:CthcnhngngchhotngtrongqunikhnghiurtnhhnhtiQung
Ty.NhngkhngnnlinhnhngsailmcahviUBanTrungngvcUQung
Ty[127].
CuicngsaumtthuyttrnhdicaEisler vo ngy 17thng12,c hai pha ng
trnh nhngbtng cah ln Moscowthnhcuquytnhti hu vchnh sch.Khi
chaccnghquytvvnny,chngtisvntiptcnhnghotngthngnht
nhtrcy,HngTrungPhtktlun.NuCSTrungQucphmsailm,PhnBVin
ngschnchnhhvngcli,nuPhnBsaiphm,chngtisphiutranhphn
ih.Ngoivicgiin,chngtinghgimtngchTrungQucnMoscow[128]
KtccnylmchoPhnBVinngkhngcmtquynlcthtsnotrongmtca
CSTrungQucchonkhiMoscowaraquytnhcuicng.Dngnhtcuithng12
1929, L Lp Tam v ngi ca ng cho thy h cng tr nn c lp trong vic gii thch
nhng chnh sch ca QTCS. D th, h li khng mun mt i s tin vin tr t QTCS m
trong nm 1929 ln n hn 200 nghn la cng nh s tin 16.408 la dnh cho on
ThanhNinCngSn[129].Vothng21930ChunLaibtuiMoscowhi.ngn
DinVvHoiAn
123
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Moscowvothng4saukhiiquaBerlin[130].RylskicngquayliMoscowtrongkhongthi
giany.
SrnntcaThanhNin
GiaioncavicLLpTamtmcchnmgiquynlctrongccucaCSTrungQuc
xyracnglcvisrnntanglndntrongThanhNinHi.Nhnhcntrn,bt
u t thng 9 1928, chi b pha bc ca Thanh Nin bt u mt chin dch v sn ho
chnhmnh.Vothng31929hthnhlpmtnhmcngsnHNi.KhiPhnBVin
ngangtthitlpThngHi,tnglplnhocaThanhNintriutpmthi
nghtonqucHngKng(hphiriQungChuvounm1929,khiHTngMu
vmtnhmhcvinngiVitHongPhbbt).Khiihikhaimcvothng5,chiu
hngthintckhngnhrrng.khngcnhngbtnglngiaccibiu
vs cnthit thnhlp mt ng cng sn theokhunkhBolshevik,datrntinhthn
caiHiQTCSln6.Nhngtrongnhngcuchptinihi,onibiutphabc
to ra mi chia r khi h i hi phi thnh lp ng cng sn ngay lp tc. Ba nhn vt bt
ng ny l Trn Vn Cung, Nguyn Tun v Ng Gia T sm rt khi i hi trong khi
nhngngilnhotTrungQuclLmcThvLHngSnkhngchuthayi
quanimcahrngVitNamchasnsngbckhigiaionchunbchovicthnhlp
ng [131]. Nhng theo ti liu ca S Lim Phng th L Hng Sn tham kho kin v
cnglnhmiviCSTrungQuctiHngKngvvthngccschorngmnh
inghng[132].Nhngibiutccphnbmintrung,minnamvXimcaThanh
NinluliHngKngchoncuithng5honthnhbtiucnglnhkhnglbao
gmnhnghnhthckluttrongcnmviphmdnnnthnh.Cnglnhcbit
thanhnnhngvnbncaiHiQTCSln6vtuynbchmdtmilinhviQuc
DnngTrungQuc,gibhcholngcaphongkin,achvquc[133].Mt
UBanTrBcthnhlpbtuvicthitlpngcngsn.HChMinhbnhri
khihngnglnhovngang quxa;theoliLmcThthcnhngtinn
rngngangbmnngtic[134].
CuhitisaonhngngilnhoThanhNinphabclicthichngiviUBan
Trung ngca Thanh NintiTrung Quc clkhngc cu tr lingin. Tui trcao
ngocllmtphnnguynnhn,cngvicmonghpllemgiilnhocngsn
ngnvinhngthnhvintrongnc.nkhiiHitinhnhravothng5,nhmpha
bccthcmtviphnichcchnivigiilnhotiQungChu/HngKng.
VdrrngnhtlshindincaLmcTh,ngaycvonm1929,Thbnhng
nhcchmng,cbitlNguynHiThnnghinglmtthmcaPhp[135].Thcnbit
nnhlmtngiclisngsuyivchnhngbocoviSLimPhngrngmnh
b nhng ng ch ph phn mnh bo trong sut c nm. V th ng yu cu khng
nhnlnh mtchc v lnho no, v trn anSLim Phng rng vic nys lm cho
cngtccatiddnghn[136].(cngtccangcllinquannvictorashiulm
DinVvHoiAn
124
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
gianhngnhmcchmng).Mtnguynnhnkhccasxchmchtrnluthcanhng
ngicgcgctnhngtnhmintrungnhNghAnvHTnhtronghngnglnho
ti Hng Kng. Lin quan n mi cng thng vng min ny c th l s khc nhau ca hai
nhmtrongphngphpotovtchc.NhmTrungQucbaogmccthnhvinqua
hun luyn qun s, mt s trong h tng l ging vin ti Hong Ph. Nhng ngi ny
gmcTrngVnLnh,LQungt,LDuyimvLHngSn.Hcngcngungc
tnngthn.LHngSntngltuyntruynvinchoLinonThanhNinCngSnQuc
T trong tng lp nng dn ti o Hi Nam; H Tng Mu gip t chc nhng hip hi
tngitinhngvngthnquXim.Trongkhi,nhngthnhvinBcKcaThanh
Nin ngycngtptrungvovictchctinhngkhuvcthnhth.Hotngca hti
bncngHiPhngvnhngkhumCmPh,UngBvMoKh,nicmtngilao
nggcHoacao,clgiphlinlcvinhngngitchccngonthucLinon
LaongNamDngvTnhUQungngcaCSTrungQuc.Nhngcngthngny
cngcthxuthintiNamK.StranhuagiaTncThng,mtlnhtcngnhn
tiSiGn,vLVnPhtdnnvicPhtbThanhNinmstvothng121928,cth
cbtnguntnhngxungtthnhthvnngthn.Chngtacththycnhng
khcbitnytothnhmnhtmumchoSLimPhnggieorcnhnghtging
kchngtranhchp.
Thiimtthng61929nthng21930lthiimnguykchcanhngngicngsn
VitNam.ThnhphnlykhaitiBcKthnhlpmtngcngsnringvothng6gi
lngDngCngSnngvnhanhchngiungphivinnnhngvngkhc
trongnc.VhnmquyntichibphabccaThanhNinnnnhngthnhvinminbc
dmunhaykhngcngtnggianhpngmi.Hcngxmnhpvomintrung
vminnam.TrongchaivngnyhngnglnhocaThanhNinbmtlnsngbt
btncngvocuinm1929.Vothng7tonbchiucamintrungbbt,trongc
Nguyn S Sch va mi tr v t hi ngh ca Thanh Nin v Vng Thc Onh, Trn Vn
Cungcngbbt.VMaitrnlnvngthngduNghTnh[137].(HChMinhvTrnPh
u b x t vng mt ti mt phin to Vinh vo thng 10 1929). Cng vo thng 7 ngi
Phpbtubtginhngnhhotngmtntuictmratcuciutravcicht
caLVn Pht,cngil vn ngBarbier.Nhng ngi nygm cPhmVn ng,
TncThngvNguynKimCng[138].Nhngnhtchckhcbbucphirtvvng
nngthnnhngThp[139].Cnglc,ngTnVit(CchMngngc)btlit
v nhng ngi lnh o ti min trung v Si Gn b bt gi. Vic h c ng chung vi
nhnglnhoThanhNindnnvickhmphranhngtiliucangdoHHuy
TpsonthokhivnmngngBarbiercphanhphui(HHuyTpvhaithnhvin
Tn Vit khc l Trn Ngc Danh v Trn Phm Ho trn i Thng Hi sau khi c quan
trung ng ca Vit Tn b khm ph vo thng 12 / 1928 [140]). Ti Vinh, Nguyn Th Minh
Khaibocorngchcnnhngnhmcngnhnvphnvncnngvng[141].Nhng
vbtbnychcchntoralithchongDngCngSnng(DCS)vhmc
nhintrthnhmttchcvinhngnginguckinhnghimnhttiVitNam.
DinVvHoiAn
125
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
KhngbaolusaukhiDCShnhthnh,NgGiaTcphiiSiGnthnhlpcs
trongtnglpculitiChLnvbtutoramtTngLinonLaong.Nhngngi
tchccngoncaThanhNinkhnggianhp DCSkhngbaolusaucngthnh
lpmtTngLinonLaongringchomnh[142].
Trcmiedobmtttcccthnhvin,UBanTrungngThanhNintiHngKng
bt buc phit b quanimca mnh vvicthnh lp ngcng sn. n cuithng 8 /
1929,ngaysaukhiHTngMuvkhong20cuhcvinHongPhvacphngthch,
hquytnhthnhlpAnNamCngSnng.Hvittrongmtvnthdiytnh
tvchoccthnhvin(cthcvitvotrungtunthng10,vvnthccpnmt
lthgichoDCSvongy4thng10):UBanTrBphhpvitnhhnhtrcy,
nhnggiyUBannykhngcnpngcnhngihihinti[143]Mtphn
catrnginylcnhiuthnhvintrongUBanbbtgitrnngquayvVitNam
saukiHivothng5,bnvnthgiithch.ThanhNinHibgiitnvgiych
cvinhmcnlitiXimvNamK.MttiutcaAnNamCngSnng(ANCS)
cthnhlptiHngKngvinhimvthnhlpmtngthcth,nhchngtilu
,DCSkhngphilmtngthcs,bcthni.ngmidoHTngMu,LHng
Sn, L Qung t v L Duy im lnh o, tuyn b rng ANCS hon ton chp thun
cnglnhcangiphng.HthanphinrngDCSbtutchcttrnxung
trckhithnhlpccchibticckhulaonghoctronglngqunchng.Mtphphn
khclDCSangthnhlpccnhmcanhngngi,nhngnginyckugi
hotngviqunchngvngngphhngthngmkhngthcsphitrthnhng
vin.Do,nhngngibbtbucphihontonchphnhmnhlnhvquytnh
ca ng iu ny i ngc li vi nguyn tc dn ch tp trung, l th ni. (Nhng ngi
nguANCScncvonhnghiubitcahvphngphphotngcaDCS
datheomtbcthngy4thng101929caDCSgichoCSTrungQuc,cngnh
trntboCcaDCSsrangy26thng9[145]).Ngoiracncmtthanphinkhc
nal,cnctheomtthnhvinndanhcaDCS,ngnydndtqunchngph
hoiccncha[146].
ClsailmthinhtcaDCSlvicngnyhotngnhmltThanhNin
vTnVit,trongkhilixngvichptcviVitNamQucDnnghngthcy
vicphttrincang.Bnvnthchorng,thcchtDCSgipVitNamQuc
Dnng(VNQD)bngcchthayicnglnhcamnhvgiithiunhngngicng
snvoVNQD[147].VicanhngngicngsnvoVNQDgilischlccaH
ChMinhtronggiaion19267iviCchMngng/TnVit.Cthylmtslpli
calinminhhinnhintntitronggiaion19289giaCSTrungQucvQucDn
ng cnh T. Quan h thn thin gia DCS v VNQD cng l du hiu cho thy hin
tng t him vng min gia khu vc min trung v min bc. Trong khi gii lnh o ca
Thanh Nin kho lo tr trn v hp nht vi ng Tn Vit l mt t chc c gc gc t
mintrungVitNamthDCSlimunthnhlpmtmttrnchungvimtngphicng
sncngungctphabc.LnhocaDCSvongy4thng10vitthchoANCS
DinVvHoiAn
126
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
rngngcahtinrnghcthhptcviVNQDtronghoncnhhinti...Nhngs
hptcnychxyranuQucDnngkhngphninhnghotngtuyntruynvt
chccaDCSngaybntrongngcah(cnghalDCSsbmtiukhinn[148]).
VritrongmtlthcaUBanTrungngDCSgichoNgGiaTngy7thng1
1930, tc gi bc th lu rng i din vi VNQD, DCS s tip tc tm cc phng
hngtrtrnnhmthnhlpmtSVit,tskthpviqunchngcatatora
mtSVitthcth[149].
Consthnhvincahainhmcngsnangtranhuathkhcnhau,nhngDCStnhn
rngn5thng121929hktnpc60thnhvinNamK,vkhong40hoc20
TrungK(bocovinkhngnhcchnhxc[150]).HHuyGipvittronghikca
mnhrngc800thnhvinThanhNinminnamvomathu1929[151].NhngANCS
chthunhnkhong50ngitnhmnytronggiamathu,theolicaDngHcnh,
mt ch im ca S Lim Phng. ng l mt hc vin trc y ca Thanh Nin v cho n
thng51929lthnhvincathnhphnlykhaiBcK.Nhngngliuqunchonhm
lnhoThanhNinTrungQucsauihivvothng9cgiiSiGnthnh
lpmtubanlmthichoANCS.(Vicnyxyrasauvicbtgihuhtccthnhvin
ca u ban tr b vo thng 7). Cng vi Hong Tuyn (Trn Vn Minh), mt cu hc vin
Hong Ph t Nam K, Nguyn Ngc Ba, Lng v Nguyn Vn Ngc, ng thnh lp
mtdanhschccthnhvinThanhNintrongvngSiGnGianhvmtdanhschkhc
chovngMThovCnThktnphvongmi.Haibndanhschnytngcng
ckhong50ngi,nhchobit[152].
Yututintbnngoithcyvichpnhtcahaingcngsnntmtkim
sotvinngiTrungQucthucPhnBVinngThngHi.ngnHngKngvo
thng11vangtrnngnSingapore.NhHTngMuvitchoDCSvongy
14thng11,mtquytnhcaraThngHithnhlpmtbanbthchoLin
HipCngSnccDnTcPhngngbpBc.NhimvcaLinHipnyltrc
tipchotchcccncMLai,Java,Burma,XimvAnNamnhmthnhlpccng
cngsncngnhanhcngtt.Phinhpkhaimccatchcnyscbtutrongvng
haithng,visthamdcaccibiutccnc.Nhngtthnlchngtannhontt
victhngnhttrckhigiibiun,HTngMuvit[153].BanbthcaLinHips
ttiSingaporevdngnhlmthinthncaUBanLmThiNamDng.Duhiu
vtmquantrngcavaitrCSTrungQuciviphongtrocngsnVitNamvocui
nm1929cthtmctrongnhnnhcaSLimPhngvmttrongnhngthttrao
i gia hai thnh phn trong thng 11. S Lim Phng nhn nh rng DCS ti Si Gn
anggitiliutuyntruynbngtingHoachothnhvincahtiBcK,mtduhiu
cho thy pha Nam vn l trung tm hot ng ca U BAn Nam Dng ti Vit Nam [154].
Nhng ngi Vit ti Hng Kng t vn v vic phi hot ng trong quyn hn ca
Singapore,theolikcaDngHcnh.idincaTrungQuckhuynhnnchoPhn
B Vin ng bit suy ngh ca mnh v ng thi khuyn khch h nn gi i biu t mi
DinVvHoiAn
127
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
ngnSingaporesauny.DoLQungtcphinThngHInichuyn
vimtsthnhvinTrungQuctiPhnBVinng[155].
iuquantrnglvothiimnynhngthnhvinchuucaPhnBVinngdng
nhangcngchovaitrcacngsnTrungQuctingNam.Nhimvcakim
sotvinngiTrungQuccptrncthlktqutyucucaLinonPhn
Berlin rng Phn B Vin ng nn tp hp mt on i biu n Hi Ngh Thanh Nin
PhnangdnhtchctiFrankfurttrckhiiHiThGiiln2caHiLinHip
Phn,dnhtchcvothng71929.PhnBVinnggithchoBerlinvothng5
1929 bo rng h khng c a ch ca nhng t chc thanh nin Triu Tin, Nam Dng,
ng Dng hoc M Lai . Kh nng cn li l lm vic thng qua cc t chc ca Trung
Qucccncy,lthni.Hquytnhrngphigimtngchnnhngaim
trntruyntchthvxutnhmxydngmttchcphntrbaogmnhng
thanhninbnxvTrungQuc.NlccaPhnBVinngrrnglqutrgi
cc i biu n Berlin, nhng theo li gii thch ca h, phi vin ca h s gip h c kh
nng tm hiu trc tip nhng iu kin ti nhng ni ny v bt u cc bc thnh lp
nhngtchcdntc[156].
Vothng11930RylskibocorngPhnBVinngangthiuhtthnhvinthchin
nhngchuyncngtctheoyucutrongkhuvc.StinlicanhngngiTrungQucb
giihnvhthngbtchinhpcnhvoccncngNamhocbbtgikhiva
nch[157].Dvydngnhkhngcnkhnngnokhcngoitrvictrngivo
nhngthnhvinTrungQucny.TiMoscow,QTCScnginktlunnhtrn.Phn
BTrungvactilp,ctrchnhimtiBurma,n,NamDngvngDng,
tchcmtcuchpvongy12thng11tholunvvictithitngCngSnng
Dng.VnhngthnhvinNamDngbphntnbinhcmquynHLansaucuc
khingha1926,mtnghcaraltndngtchccngsnngiHoaangtnti
Singapore, cc tiu bang M Lai v Nam Dng c quan h vi U Ban Trung ng CS
TrungQucbtchpsyukmvslngvttng,bnnghnhvit,tchcnyc
linhvinhngcngnhnngiHoavaphngvanglnhomtsnghipon
trc thuc Hi ng Nghip on ca Qun o M Lai... Tm thi t chc ny c th c
dnglmcsphttrinhotngtiNamDng[158]QTCSdngnhkhnghiu
r truyn thng ca ngi Trung Quc v khi nim Nam Hi, mt khu vc ang chu nh
hngthngtrcaTrungQuc.NhngthnhvinchuutiPhnBVinngchorng
SingaporeltrungimlinlcgiacckhuvcangchusiuphicaPhnBTrung
thuc QTCS bao gm t n n Nam Dng, v nu cn thit, c ng Dng na.
KuusinenxemnvNamDnglnhngmctiuchnhchohotngcaQTCStrong
khu vc, nh ta thy; hai thuc a ny s l im n chnh thc ca hai kim sot vin
ngiPhpcaQTCS,cginngNamtrongnm1930v1931.
NgiutinlmtidinctnlThibault,vothng81929ngangBlmgiy
tgi.TrongkhiangitintcvtintMoscow,ngbocorngngangthuthpti
DinVvHoiAn
128
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
liuvNamDng,khuvcnthucHLanvqunoPhilippines.ngyucugigp
nhngquytnhminhtvcngtccang,kctiliutLinonPhn[159].Tp
hpccngundliulivinhau,tacthoncrngnhnvtnylJeanCrmet,mt
thnhvincngsnngiPhpmtlunaybcholmttchtiTrungQucvounm
1930 (Vo nhng nm 1960, ng ti xut hin B) [160]. Joseph Ducroux, c Lin on
Thanh Nin Cng Sn Quc T phi n chu vo nm 1931 c nhc n trong hi k ca
mnhrngCcThngTinQucTyucungtmCrmetThngHivHngKngv
QTCSkhngnhnctincanghnmtnm[161].DucrouxnhlilCrmetdi
chuynbngmthchiuBditnlWalloon.DucrouxtnglmvicchoLinonThanh
NinCngSnQucTtiMoscowt1928n1930nhlmtchuyngiavnvtrong
mang192930cphncngchuynnhngtrgipvchnhtr,vtchtvtinhthn
nchoCSn.ChaiidinngiPhpnyuthtbitrongnhimvcah:Thibault
khngquakhiBcKtrckhibinmtvothng21930,vDucroux,saukhiiquaVit
Nam,bbttiSingaporevonm1930trckhincn.VicThibault/Crmetmt
tchdngnhtoranhngbiritrongqutrnhthngnhtcahaitchccngsnVit
Nam,nhscphntchchngktip.
DinVvHoiAn
129
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
CHNG5:CAOTROCCHMNG(19301)
VictrvcanhnghcvinQuctCngSn
Vocuinm1929phongtrocngsnVitNambaogmhaingilpangtranhginh
thnhvin.ngDngCngSnng(DCS)tinxahnkhithngborngnuH
Ch Minh quay li, ng ch c i x nh mt ng vin bnh thng [1]. Nhng cu lnh
ocaThanhNintiHngKngangutranhthngnhthainhmcngsnviiu
kin vic ny khng c ngha l mt tht bi hon ton i vi An Nam Cng Sn ng
(ANCS).HspsagiLDuyimiMoscowtmHChMinhkhingiidin
migiilCaoHoiNghathlrngnggpHtiXim.ngchbthuytphctitl
ninnucaHkhinhnrarngschiartronghngngThanhNintrnnqutrm
trng[2].CuicngthTrngVnLnh,mttrongnhngthnhvinkintrungcnlica
ThanhNin,itmHvothng10thuytphcngquayliminnamTrungQuc[3].
CnglctiMoscowQTCSangbturaquytnhquchmtrvphongtrocng
sn ta n , Nam Dng v ng Dng. Trn Ph v Ng c Tr va hon tt chng
trnhhctptiiHcStalin(iHcLaongCngSnPhngngND),angchun
b qua Php v Vit Nam. Mt chng trnh ngn gn v Ch th v nhng hot ng ti
ng Dng c son tho ti Moscow vo ngy 27 thng 10 1929,[4] y l ngh quyt v
victhnhlpmtngCngSnngDng[5].HmsauTrnPhthamgiamtngytho
lundoKuusinenchovcnglnhtnglaicaCSn[6].ychcchnlcchgip
ngchunbiphvinhnglthuytvthchnhygaigcmngsphigptiVit
Nam.CntrngltinhthnchotrongccchthvngDng.Phnghngchungl
thnhlpnhngtchccngsnritintihpnhtchnglithnhmtng.HaingiVit
NamvariiHcStalinsthuthptintcvphongtronngdnvnhngcucbicng
xyratrongnmtrc;hsthitlpccmilinlcvinhngphntvsnvbnnng
trongnhngngphiqucgiavkchngskhcbittronglngccngphinynhm
likoccthnhvinvsnthamgiaccnhmcngsn.Nhimvkhcnalthnhlpcc
nghip on lao ng mi hoc c, cc hi tng t (h c khuyn khch tn dng truyn
thngnycangiVitvngiHoaxydngcctchctrn].im15cabnchthl
DinVvHoiAn
130
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
licnhbochnglisnhmlngianhngphntcachngtavngcLpcacu
thnhvincngsnNguynThTruyn.Mtkhc,haihcvintMoscownysphipht
trinquanhvinhngtchccngsnTrungQucangcmttingDngvtndng
nhngkinhnghimcah.im17yucuthutpdliuvchnhtrvkinhtchunb
chobLunCngvngDng.
Trn Ph v Ng c Tr trn gi thit l s quay v Vit Nam vi vai tr nh nhau. Mt b
xungtrongnhngchthchohvNhngvnkthutxcnhrnghaingchVit
Nam ri khi i Hc phi c xem nh l nhng phn t tin phong cho hot ng ca
chngtatingDng[7].NhngTrnPh,mtngitngllnhtcanhmngi
VittiiHcStalin,thcxemlnginibthn,clvngkhngctvtgv
khngdnhlunNguynThTruyn(khngnhNgcTr,bitNguynThTruyn
trongthigianParis].Trongkhichaiangchunbchocuchnhtrnh,hcgiithiu
n nhn vt c b danh Thibault, i din ca QTCS ang sp i chu qua ng Siberia.
Thibault/CrmetspxpmtcucgpringviTrnPhtiHngKngtrongkhonggia
ngy 1 v 15 thng 1 1930, hoc nu nh cuc gp ny khng thnh, h s gp nhau ti Hi
Phngtronghaitunlucathng2[8].
NgoinhngnghquytvchthmThibaultcnhimvcungcpchoh,QTCScntrangb
chohaingimtbhngdnchitithn.Nbaogmmttptiliudi48trangcta
Nhng Nhim V Cp Bch ca Cng Sn ng Dng, c son tho vo thng 10 v 11.
Trn thc t y l mt vn bn ph bnh nhng ngh quyt ca i Hi Thng 5 1929 ca
ThanhNin.KhiTrnPhvNgcTrnLeningradvongy11thng111929,hc
bornghsnhntinBerlinvParis;nghquytvthhngdnthnhlpngcngsn
cngscgichohtchuu.SaukhiibngngthunHamburg,hnBerlin
theo ng tu ho, h nhn c mt cun tiu thuyt ng ba p . H c
lnhkhngcbctrangbaratrckhinSiGn,hstchnhngtrangtiliudo
QTCSgiuknbntrong[9].
ChthNhngNhimVCpBchcaCngSnngDng,mttiliuctrngcaQTCS
lcy,trongcgngphihpnhngyuttrongbnLunCngvNhng Vn
DnTcvThucacaLeninvinhngnghquytcptinhntiHi6QTCSvi
Hi Ton Th 10 ca Ban Chp Hnh QTCS [10]. Phong tro cch mng ng Dng vn l
mtcucutranhvinhngtndcaphongkinvcucutranhchngthcdnPhp
vnnclpdntc[11].Nhnggiyngcngsnphilmtthnhqucacucu
tranhgiaicpchkhngphilmtktqutnhngnhmotochnhtr[12].Cnglnh
caThanhNinbphphnvvchratintrnhcatngchngngcchmngdn
nutranhvtrang.Bnchthnirngkhngthnoxydngtrnhthocthigiancho
nhnggiaionphttrincchmng.PhidngsPhntchvngchcchophongtrotrong
migiaionhngdnhnhng.nhgiqucaotnhhnhcthdnnchngha
mohimvchnghamanhng[13].SthnghoacaphongtrongDngxyra
trongthigiankhistph ca phongtro cchmngthgiiang btu vic ny bt
DinVvHoiAn
131
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
bucnhngngicngsnngDngkhngnhngphithngmnhnsphttrin
tngbc caphongtromcn hngnkh nngvschcchnca nhngcucu
tranhtrongphmvirngvnhngskinangdinbinnhanh[14].
Sai lm ch yu ca nhng quyt nh ca Thanh Nin l chng khng cha ng tnh
chnh xc cn thit v tm quan trng ca cc giai cp v vai tr ca chng [15]. QTCS nhn
nh.Giaicptiutsnkhngcncxemlthnhphncalclngtintincacuc
cchmngnhcnglnhcaThanhNinkhngnh.Hcthcsdngtrongqu
trnhutranh phnvcchmngrung t,nhngchdislnhocagiaicpv
sn. Lc lng thc s thc y cho qu trnh cch mng l giai cp cng nhn v nng dn;
thnhphncchmngchyucanngdnltnglpbnnngnhngnngdnkhngc
tshumttrungt[16].Nhnggianhvinhngtchchpphpvngphikhc
gi y c nh ngha l ch mang tnh li dng. ng phi ni rng, s dng v dn dt
cucutranhphncagiaitngtiutsn,kcsinhvin[17].Vnbncngkhngnh
Vic thnh lp nhng t chc cng sn bt hp php nhng vng mnh, nhng t chc
nhunnhuyntrongvicsdngnhngvkhutranhadngaranhngnhhng
hpphphocbnhpphpvicnyphilcscahotngngtronghoncnhhin
thicangDng[18].Hotngtrongnhngvngnngthncngkhngcll.Mt
trongnhngnhimvtrngyucanglphttrinphongtronngdnchngliach:
ngcngsnphiphtng,chunbvlnhocucutranhcanngdnchnglich
tin,chnglivicbcltrungt,thum,lnh canh,vnvn.Chngtaphinhm
vovicphttrintnhngcnhnbcphtthnhmtphongtronngdnrngkhpchng
li a ch v quc [19]. Nhng trng tm ca ng v hot ng qun chng vn phi
nhmvoccxnghip,mthan,hoxa,nin,vnvn[20]Nhngchthtrngyp
lcrtlnnnhngnhhotngVitNamkhingmtcucutranhbolcnhng
likhngnhrrngrngnhngsailmvvicphntchhintnhcchmngtiaphng
sllicah.
Michonngy8thng21930TrnPhvNgcTrmincSiGnvinhngch
thcah.HbcmchntiParisvnhngkhkhntrongvicthuthphchiugi.Mcd
QTCSthngccholcmtcslmhchiugitiBerlin,nhnghnhnhnvncha
bc vo hot ng trong nm 1929 hoc 1930. i vi hai ngi Vit Nam hi hng v hai
ngiPhpcQTCSginngNamtrongthigian192931,victmcnhnggiy
cnccgilmttrngitngiln.TrnPhvNgcTrnghetheolikhuyn
cangibnhcctiMoscowlBiLmvdichuynmtcchbmt.Mingitr
1.500francchomtthuthTrungQuctrnlnchictuPorthoschocuchnhtrnhn
SiGn.VickhihnhchmtrcahcnghalTrnPhkhngncHngKng
vokhonggiathng2.VthngbtrchaicuchnviThibault,chakcvictham
dhinghthngnhthaing[21].
ThngtinvphngphpvthigiancavicchuyngiaonhngchthcaQTCSnVit
NamvHngKngvncnlvnnhycmivinhngngicngsnVitNamhin
DinVvHoiAn
132
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
nayvhvnkhngnhrngHChMinhchnhlngithngnhtng.Ngythng
trongphinbntingNgacatiliudi48trangnyngy23thng111929(vicTrnPh
vNgcTrcnhncphinbnhonttcanhngchthnyhaykhngthkhngr].
Tiliuny hnh nh cbit n nhl nhngchththngChpvvicthngnht
ng[22].NhnggiithchhintichorngychnhlnguntiliucalnhoQTCSv
vnthngnhtng[23].Nhngtnm1970phinbntingVitcatiliuctrch
dnlmcschogithitrngHchnhlngithngnhtnglingy27thng10
1929.(PhinbnnycatiliukhngthtmctrongvnkhcaQTCS).ViuV
VnLpngCngSnngDng,tiliunynhnmnhvaitrcaidinQTCS
trongvicthnhlpmtngcngsn[24].Dvy,datrncscanhngphbnhtrong
giaion193031vvaitrcangtrongvichpnhtng,cngnhdatrnnhngkhai
bocaNgcTrsauny,dngnhHkhnghccnhngchththngChp
hocnhngtiliucintrongVnKinngkhinghpnhthaingcngsnvou
nm1930.
Qutrnhhpnht
HChMinhnHngKngtrcTrnPhgnhaithng[25].Mcdngbocovi
QTCSrngngnTrungQucvongy23thng12[26],mtchimcaSLimPhngcho
rngphthinLThytrnchuyntuhoiCuLong(KowloonND)trcngy15
thng12[27].TiHngKngHnhnrarngphongtrocngsnVitNamangnhnchth
t mt i din Trung Quc ca Phn B Vin ng. Ngoi ra, Thibault, c giao nhim v
hng dn phong tro cng sn Vit Nam, n Hng Kng sau H khng bao lu. Dng
nhngchnhlvidinvdanhcaQTCScnhimvkimtrattccctchccngsn
trong vng Vin ng, ngi c cho l xut hin ti Hng Kng vo h tun thng 12
1929.CnctheobococaSLimPhng,kimsotvinnylplinhngthngtint
ngi ng nghip Trung Quc, rng hng hot ng ca nhng ngi cng sn Vit Nam
tmthiangnmtrongtaycaCSTrungQuc[28].PhnBVinngbocovongy
3thng31930rngJaques,nhnvtngiPhpiHngKngvocuithng12;saukhi
linlccvclilimtvini,ngsphiquayliThngHivocuithng
2.NhngvbocotHngKngchnhncvocuithng1,trongngvitrng
ngdnhingDng,chngtikhngnhncthmtintcgtngta,h
boco[29].Trongnhngthttrc,PhnBVinngmchnglngchph
trchNamDng[30].iukllidinngiPhpnydngnhkhnghgpH
tiHngKng.
TiHngKngHnhanhchngchmdttnhtrngmngcholtrtranhchptrcon,mc
dgiyngcngtrthnhmtphtngnvinchoQTCStrongsnhngngitchol
cquyniukhinphongtrocchmngVitNam.BococaDngHcnhviSLim
Phngvonm1930chothyrngHkhngchpnhnvicgiitnThanhNin[31].Hi
nyvnnncgilisaukhingcngsncthnhlp,tnhtltrongthigianu.
DinVvHoiAn
133
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
S phn i ny nhn mnh quan im ca H v Thanh Nin nh l mt mt trn chnh tr

huchvcthlnguynnhnvsaoccthnhvinThanhNinvntiptcphthnhtbo
ThanhNincamnhchonthng5/1930[32],bncnhtbomangtncaAnNam
CngSnng(ANCS)raivongy1thng91929[33].Bococanhcngcgi
thitrngHqulchuivitnhhnhchnhtrangphttinnhanhchng.Chngti
bocoviHmichuynxyratrongvngoinc,ngchobit.Haingysaukhi
nni,HvitthcholnhocangDngCngSnng(DCS)giithch
nhimvcangtQTCSlnhmthnhlpmtngcngsnchoVitNam.Tcsny,
HaraquynhncamnhtchthmngcctrckhiiXim.Dngnhng
linhtnhrngngphihnhnggpmkhngphichicpnhttnhngchthmi.
ng yu cu ng Dng Cng Sn ng phi gi hai i biu n gp ng ti Hng Kng.
(ncuithng12chaiidincaANCScmttiHngKng,lNguynThiu,b
danhlNghaanglntrncnhstPhp,vChuVnLim,ngicchibSiGngi
nthamdhinghsptiSingapore[34]).HcngvitthchoPhnBVinng
thngboscmtcangtiHngKngvtrnhchohnhngxutcamnh.Theo
liDngHcnh,Hyucucungcplngthngchongkhong240300ngTrung
Quc,ctrquatikhoncaTnhUQungngcaCSTrungQuc[35].Hnhnhng
ravbiudngquynlctrcnhngngchcamnh.Vcuithng21930ngvit
th cho i din QTCS tmhiur rng hn nhimvcamnh:Hinnaytikhng bit
cchnhxcvthcamnhlg...tilngvincaCSPhphayCSVitNam?ng
cnhi:NhimvmQTCSgiaochotibhubrichng?Nukhngthticphi
l nhn vincaPhn B Vin nghaykhng? ngyucuBan ChpHnhQTCSa ra
quytnhvvicny[36].
QutrnhcbitnhlHiNghHpNhttinhnhtrongkhongthigiantngy6
thng 1 n ngy 8 thng 2 1930. Trong bn bo co cho QTCS (bng ting Anh) ngy 18
thng21930,Htngthuthotngcamnhvigingvnsctchquenthuc:Ti
kugiidincahaithnhphn(Dongzuong(sic)vAnnam).Chngtigpvongy6
thng1.LidincaQTCSviyquynhnquytnhmivnlinquann
phongtroCchMngtingDng,tichravichphmsailmuvhcn
philmg.Hngthngnhtthnhmtng.Chngticngnhauchnhsacng
lnhvchinlctheonghngcaQTCS[37].nglurngsthnhlpmtUBan
LmThiTrungngbaogm7uvinchnhthcv7uvindb.Nhngibiuv
liVitNamvongy8thng2,ngchobit[38].HcnggichoPhnBVinngbndch
tingAnhcaLikugicng,nng,binh,thanhnin,hcsinh,anhchembpbcvcc
ngch,tuynbvicthnhlpngCngSnVitNam.Bnkugidnhscphn
phtvokhongngy20thng3,volcUBanTrungngscthnhlp[39].
TrongvnvthcaVitNamtronghthnggiaitngcngsn,dngnhHcmt
tho hip ngoi giao. ng gii thch rng: B phn Singapore vit th cho chng ti rng
ANCS s nm di s ch o ca Singapore. Nhng cn c theo hin trng a l (Nga
TrungQucAnNam)cngnhhintrngchnhtr(ngvngmnhhn,cngnghiptin
DinVvHoiAn
134
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
trintiBcKhnlNamK))TinghrngANCSnncchotThngHi
quangHngKng.Dth,ANCSvnnngilinlcchtchviSingapore.Vldotrn,
tiyucuCSTrungQucgimtlthgiithiuchngticthiumtngchAn
NamnlmvicviSingapore[40].Hvthgitnhiurngngsnsnghptcvi
linhipmiangcthnhlptiSingapore,nhngngcngsnVitNamslinhtrc
tipviQTCSthngquaPhnBVinng.VicngmunhotngquangThngHi
khng nn hiu l thn Trung Quc m chnh l mt phn ng khng chu thn phc CS
TrungQuc.ngmicttnlngCngSnVitNam,trongkhiHthnggi
nlngCngSnAnNam(AnnamCommunistPartyND)khingvitbngtingAnh.
TiliuchnhthccaHNivhinghnyclyrattngthutcaNguynThiu,
mt i biu ca ANCS [41]. Hai i biu ca thnh phn DCS l Nguyn c Cnh v
TrnhnhCu,chaiuxutthnttchcDCSnguynthu.MtlthcaDCS
gichoccthnhvinngy7thng1chothyrnghaiibiucQTCStriutpsiHng
Kngtrongkhong17hoc18thng1[42].DocthHChMinhdngngythngm
lchkhi vitbocochoQTCS rnghinghcbtuvongy6thng1tcl ngy4
thng2dnglch[43].Mtkhnngnalhinghdinratronghaihocbagiaionvi
phinhptinhinghctchcvongy6thng1,theosaulcuchigiaPhnB
VinngvccthnhvincaDCStBcK,vmtphinhpcuicngtngy3n
ngy 7 thng 2. lm cho bc tranh vn kh hiu cng thm phc tp, theo ti liu ca
TrungQucvHiNghHpNhtthHChMinhkhngcmtkhihinghkhaimcv
nqurngln(hmlqucngkhai),nhngncdinradischotrctip
ca H [44]. Tht kh m bit c li tng thut ny ang ni v cuc hp no. D sao,
nhngtiliukhcvhinghuchothyylmtcuchpythnmt.
NgythngchnhxccaHiNghHpNhtkhngqulquantrngnunhnkhngl
du hiu ca nhng tranh chp vn ang tip din trong hng ng lnh o ng. iu ny
ctmthytrongvnkhcaPhpvthmchtrongbivitthhaicaNguynThiuv
skinthnhlpng[45].Vvthviclnlnngythngcngcchontngrngvn
cnnhngxungttronggiilnhocaCSVitNamsaungy8thng21930.Cuicng
HiNghcngtorackhunkhthngnhtccthnhphnVitNamangichi
nhau,nhngkhngthcscnghalnhonthnhqutrnhny.Cnglnhvnttdo
HChMinhsonthochongmicngkhngkhcbitvicnglnh8iuvccnc
thucamBukharinaratiiHi6QTCS.RrnglHvnchatbchinlc
mttrnthngnhtvngkhnglnntonbgiaicptsn.Cnglnhcangkugi
ltthcdnPhp,ch phongkinvnhngthnh phntsn phn cch mng; mt
nnclphon ton choVitNam;mtchnhquyn cngnngbinh;tch thuton bngn
hngvnhngphngtinsnxutkhibntaycabnquc;quchuhotonbn
invrungtthucaqucvtsnphncchmngchiachonngdnngho;
mtchlmvicngytmting;hubnqucgia,suthucnhnvminthuchodn
ngho; tn trng quyn t do dn s; m mang gio dc x hi; thc hin nam n bnh
ng[46]. Chnh sch trng thu rung t c v ging ht chnh sch do U Ban in a
DinVvHoiAn
135
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
TrungngcaQucDnngTrungQucaratinhngcuchpngy19thng4v6
thng51927[47].VthbncnglnhnichungkhngthcchpnhniviQTCS
thi k sau Hi Ngh Ton Th ln th 10 v c rt t im tng ng so vi ch th do
Moscowsonthovomathutrc.Nscthaythbimtchnhcngmivmtb
luncngditiihitonthlnthnhtcangvothng101930.Skinnyng
dumtgiaionthcstrungthnhcangivinglihinticaQTCScthay
itgiamah1928ngianm1929.
Bt chp quyn lc r rng ca H, thnh phn DCS dng nh ng vai tr ch o
trongCSVitNamtrongnhngthngusaukhihpnht[48].NggiaTvngivaitr
thenchttrongccucangtiSiGn.nggichcvnguChpUcaUBan
LmThiphanamchonkhingbbtvocuithng51930.HaithnhvinDCSti
hinghhpnhtcgiaonhimvhotngtiminBcvTrungVitNam[49].Mtxu
hnglinhipdngnhtntitrongtchcngtrongnaunm1930:NguynVn
Li,ngicccthnhvincnlicangTnVitbuvoChpUUBanLmThi
phanam,saunykhaiviSLimPhngrngTrungngThngV,hpmtthng
xuyntiminnamvmintrung,ctraoquynthchinnhngquytnhtiNam
K[50].UBanLmThiTrungngthnhlpvouthng3baogmnmthnhvinca
DCS, trong khi ch c mt thnh vin ca ANCS v mt t ng Tn Vit c. Nhng
nhnguvinchnhthccaUBanTrungngkhngthgpnhau.Nhngthnhvin
caTrungng ThngVngti phabcgmtonnhngngvincaDCS:Trnh
nhCu,NguynHi,TrnVnLan[51].Mtsngvincangmicthnghing
viccnthitphihpnht.VdnhNguyncCnh,ccholtchichcvtrong
UBanLmThiTrungngvngmuntiptchotngtrongBanChpHnhcaTng
LinonLaongBcK,cquannycthlmtchinhnhcaLinHipccCngon
LaongNamDng[52].Nhnchung,tacntngrngnhngccuubankhcnhau
cdngtrongqutrnhtranhginhquynlc.
Cuckhinghaunm
Nhngbinngutincacuckhinghavonm1930tronggiaionchunbcui
cngvothigianCSVitNamthnhlp.KhngcduhiulQTCSbittrcnhng
bin ng ny, nhng CS Trung Quc v nhng ngi Vit dng nh ang hot ng vi
mtlchtrnhchung.CucbicngtinincaosuPhRingphatyNamKtngy3
nngy7thng2trnthctcthlmtphncacucTngtncngTt1930.Mt
trongnhngngitchclTrnTBnh,thnhvincaDCSnintrongcunhi
ktcamnhrngcucnhcngthcraxyravongy30thng1tclmng
mtttNguynn,khi5.000cngnhntptrungtidinhthcavinqunlnin
xemmalnvarayuschihiiukinlmvictthn[53].Dngnhcucnh
cngnyhontondoDCSphtngvischocaNgGiaTtSiGnvnhng
nhhotngkhctBcK,nilclnglaongctchc.
DinVvHoiAn
136
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Vongy2thng2SVitLongChu(LoungZhouND)vQuniHngQuns8ca
TrungQuccthnhlptitnhQungTy,phabcbingiiVitNam.Cnctheoti
liuchnhthccaCSTrungQuc,phongtroSVitbaotrmtmqunchungquanhBnh
Hng(PingXiangND)vLongChuvngvngtrongkhongsuthng.Nccho
lxutphttcucnidycabinhlnhQucDnngtiNamNinh(NanNingND)v
itheotchccangTiuBnh(DengXiaopingND)angccscchmngtiBch
Sc(BosehocPaiseND)vothng12.CuckhinghaLongChudomtngicngsnl
Yu Zouyu, l s quan trong lc lng ca s qun L Minh Thy (Li Mingrui ND) ng ti
Nam
Ninh.
KhngcbngchngtrctipvvaitrcaVitNamtrongvicthnhlpSVit,nhngs
khngcgngcnhinnunhngngicngsnVitNamangnhctiQungTytham
giaphongtro.ylmtkhuvcmngiPhpcholnmtrongvngnhhngcah,v
trnthctvicemmybaythbomgipnhanhchngphhuphongtroSVitny.
CmtsthnhvincngsnngiVitsngtiLongChu,trongchainhnvinlixe
cavtnhtrng,LQungtkhaivingiPhpsauny[55].LHngSncchol
nhncsnghcavtnhtrngnylYuZuobo,anhemhhngviYuZouyuv
lmttrongnhngsqunmCSTrungQucanghptcvonm1929[56].HChMinh
vittrongbocongy18thng21930rngnmngchngiVitanghotngti
Qung Ty va mi b bt [57]. Trong cng bn bo co ng ni rng phn b phn ca
ngcngsnvathnhlpphilmvichtmnhmrngnhhngcaSVitQung
Ty[58].nbncuicngcatThanhNinvothng5nhnnhrngchngtaphi
phnivicqucPhpaqunnbingiiVitTrungnhmltchnhquynSVit
LongChu[59].BtchpnhngdbitvnhnthcchnhtrvthnhphnngiVittham
giathnhlpSVit,CSVitNamhuthunphongtrony.
CuckhinghabtthnhtiYnBicchunbtthng91929nthng11930,mcdl
doVitNamQucDnng(VNQD)tchc,nhngcthclinhvinhngnidy
trongdpunm.cdnhlmtcuctngtncngnhchimccthtrnlnvcc
csqunscaPhp[60],cuckhinghacthlmtcchnhlchngqunPhpt
LongChu.Nhtathy,thnhphnDCStuynbchtmhptcviVNQDt
ngy7thng11930.Tronglthngy18thng2HChMinhcngboviPhnBVin
ngrngcnhtcaVNQDangcquanhmtthitvichngti;cngcnglc
nglurngthnhphnthinhucangnyangmangkhuynhhngmanhng[61].
Mtyutchchttrongcucnidykhngcarakpthilvictchcmt
cuc tn cng t Vn Nam xung vng thung lng sng Hng. (Vo nm 1930 lnh s qun
Php ti Vn Nam bo vi ngi Anh rng trong s nhng thnh vin ca VNQD trong
tnh c mt s ln thnh phn cng sn m gi y ang ti hc vin qun s Trung
Quc[62]).MttchctiMaCaoctnlHingChpHnhcaHipHiBinhLnhv
Thu ThCchMng nhanhchngxutbnmt tp tiliu ng hcuckhingha Yn
Bi.TiHngKngngiPhptchthunhngtruynn(ngy17thng2/1930)ku
DinVvHoiAn
137
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
githuthcachin hmWaldeckRousseaunghcuckhinghacchmngcangi
VitNam.NgiVitanhdngnglntiHNi,YnBivHngHoa[sic],vnvn...,
khi ngha ca nhn dn Vit Nam cn c gii lao ng Php hu thun v gip [63].
NgiPhpchorngtiliunyclinquanntchcThanhNin,nhngcngcthldo
thnhphnDCShocVNQDvitra.KhinghaYnBisaunybnhngngicng
snVitNamphphn,nhngnvncxemnhlmtcucnglnyanhdngv
chmngicchmngtrongnm1930.NgiPhpptrlicuckhinghacaVNQDny
bngcchphhutonbnhngngilngnghnhngqunnidy.Vicnpnyc
th lm suy yu vic pht trin hot ng ca cng sn trong vng nng thn Bc K vo
cuinm1930.
Nhngnhimvmi
Ngy 13 thng 2 H Ch Minh ri Hng Kng i Thng Hi, y ng vit mt bo co
tingAnhbngtayvnhnggnglmtkhinXimnm1928.Bnbocochothyng
angbntmvnhngquanhviCSTrungQuc.ngkhngnhngnivquanhvib
phnSingaporemcncpnvicngyucuCSTrungQucmtbcthgichomt
s ngchlnho(Trung Quc)Ximnhngthnh vin An Namti nc ny cth
lmvicviccthnhvincaCh.[sic]ngcnnirngngyucuCSTrungQucgi
vi ng ch ch huy n Si Gn, ni m ng bo rng c khong 200 thnh vin Trung
Qucnhnghlithiumtngickhnnglnho.ngnghrngnnthnhlpmt
hi ng bao gm mt hay vi i din ca mi bn iu phi hot ng lin quan n
nhngquynlicaqunchngTrungQucvAnNam[64].Volc,ngangdnhi
Vladivostokgpngilinlckhngrdanhtnh.Bococang(ngy18thng1)cho
thyrngngchagpTrnPh.ngvitrngngkhngnhnctintctngi
PhpvhaingchAnNamvothiimtrn.Tikhngtmracbngchngrng
ngthcsiVladivostoksaukhivitbnbocony.
Vladivostok tr thnh a im cho trng o to ngn ngy c thnh lp cho nhng
ngvinCSTrungQuccpnhtkinthcvphngphphotngcngsn.Vothng
51929UBanTrungngCSTrungQucnghthnhlpnhngcsotonyvh
khngcthnhvinhoccngnhnototiMoscownhQTCSmongmun.Trung
Qucxemylniphttrinnhngthnhphntrthcvnngdnckinhnghim
qunstrongnhnglclnghngquntanrsauthtbicaSVitHiLcPhong[65].
Mt vi ngi Vit bit ni ting Hoa nh L Qung t, H Tng Mu v v ca ng l L
PhngThunccholnynm1930thamdmtkhoototuyntruyndi
bathng[66].Nm1930NghiponThiBnhDngcngcmtvnphngbththng
trctiy[67].NhngHChMinhchchnc minthamdkhootovb
ngn cn khng cho i Vladivostok v Phn B Vin ng ang cn ng lm vic ti Thng
Hi.Hbocovongy3thng3rngHxuthintrongvi ngytrcy.Hgii
thchChngtigikmtheobnbococangytrongcpmivicmngy
DinVvHoiAn
138
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
bocobngmingvichngti.Chngtiquytnhsdngngytrongvinhimvlin
quan n cng tc t chc v tip tc hot ng trong nc. L do m ng c giao ph
nhimvcbitnycthlvvicmttchcaThibault.Hnna,cKylski,ngikhi
hnh i Moscow, v Eisler u khng ni c ting Trung Quc. Do H c th lm cng
viccamtngithngdchtrunggianangrtcnvcnglngunthngtinvchnhtr
caTrungQuc.PhnBVinngkhngnhcntrongbcthrngHcbt
vochcvnguPhnBMinNam(khngbitchcrngngthcsmangchcv
nyhaykhng],hocngcphisangthamdhinghCSMLaictchcvo
trungtunthng4tiSingapore.HghichrngmtthnhvinngiTrungQucsthamd
hinghnyvinhngchthtchngti[68].Chchonthng5hmititlrngh
giHiSingaporethamdhinghCSMLai.
HquayliHngKngvogiathng3,rtcucngtipxcvitrctinlTrnPhri
Ng c Tr. Sau mt thi gian ngn t chn n Si Gn, Trn Ph i trc n Hng
KnggpThibault.TriSiGntrongbatunlmvnkhngthytintcnnquyt
nhptuiHngKngtmTrnPh.NhngtrckhikhihnhnggpBiLm,
mtbnhctiMoscowvavtParisvongy9thng3.BiLmmangtheomttphng
dn c tn Nhng Nhim V Cp Bch ca Cng Sn ng Dng c dch sang ting
PhptiParis (Trkhng giithchrngy c phil phinbn cal thmngmangt
Berlinhaykhng,hoclbnbxunghaylmtbhngdnhontthn].Vouthng3
TrptuthuiHngKngvcuicngtmra TrnPhtihiYMCA(YoungMens
ChristianAssociation,mthitthinThinChaGiothnhlpnm1844tiAnhND).Trn
PhtrcuchnviThibaultvkhngthiHiPhngvngiPhpangtngcng
brpsaucuckhinghaYnBi.ngvnchagpHChMinhchonkhiHquayli
ThngHivothng3.ngkviTrvcucgpggiang viHvnhngtintcv
victhngnhtngcngsnvothng1.Chngtichngcglmngoitrphiquay
v v bt u hot ng v H nm trch nhim lin lc vi QTCS, Tr khai vi ngi
Php[69].
Sau ny H gp Tr v gii thch: Vo cui nm 1927 ti nhn c lnh t QTCS
tuyntruynvvicthnhlpmtngcngsntingDng.TibbnhXimhn
mtnmvkhngthchinciug.RiHtngthutvichpnhtngvni
rngPhnBVinngphchun.Saukhihpnht,ngktlun,tonbnhngng
vincngsnTrungQucsthamgiaCSngDng[70].Vothiimny,Hc
quynhnhralnhchoNgcTrquayliSiGnvTrnPhciuiHNi.Li
khaibocaTrkhngchothyciughnvnhngchthhockhochcaH.
V li n Si Gn vo u thng 4 1930 [71], Ng c Tr c a i gp Ng Gia T. T
phn cng ng vo cngtctuyn truyn nhngkhnggiao cho ng mtcngvicc th
no.Tchobitrnghingichngtivncnqubnrnvimtscngvicchahon
tt.SauTrcanChLnvtrongmtnginhcdnglmvnphngca
chibcngsnnhmyinChLn.ngkhngcmithamgiacccuchpchib,
DinVvHoiAn
139
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
v cng chng c giao cho nhim v g ngoi vic chuyn ng bn Ngh Quyt m ng
mangtheotBerlinvlthdoBiLmmangv.Choncuithng4,Trcborngng
sphisonthotiliutuyntruynchomtcucnhcngccthtrnvthnqu.Nhng
chsaucucnhcng1thng5(MayDay,ngyQucTLaongND)tinhmyinv
mtlndichuyncs,ngmicgiaophtrchtboC.ChsaukhiNgGiaTb
btvocuithng5NgcTrmicmithamgiavoXUNamKvsaulU
BanTrungng.
VaitrquantrngmNgGiaTcgiaophcnhnmnhtronglitngthutca
NguynNgha(NguynThiu)tphnhai cahikcangv qutrnhhp nht.Hik
caNghagiithchrnghaitchccngsnphanamchnrahaicngnhnlmvic
trong U Ban Lm Thi Trung ng l Su (Hong Quc Vit) v L (Phm Hu Lu) [72].
NhngnglikrngNgGiaT,ngicchnnguXUNamKlnginm
quynquytnhmivic.ChnhNgGiaTlngigiaonhimvhotngticchtnh
choNghavChuVnLim,haiidintHiNghHpNhtdoHChMinhgin
mtrchvicthnhlpngtiminnam,didanhnghacaQTCS[73].Vth,cngnh
tiTrungQuc,trnthctquynhncaQTCSdngnhyuhnsovigithuytca
nhngquanchcQTCStiMoscow.
HikcaNguynNghacngchranhngkhkhntrongvicho nhpnhngngvin
TrungQucvongcngsnVitNam.NghachrarngtchcngiHoatiNamKln
hncnhngthnhphncngsnngiVity,baogmnhiu nhhotngykinh
nghimtrnkhiQungngsauCngXQungChu.Hkhngphnkhimyvvic
chnhthnhvinthamgiavoUBanTrungngcaCSVitNamvmtsldo:hcho
rng nhng ngi Trung Quc khng c giy t hp php, khng quen thuc vi hin tnh
chnhtr,hockhngbitnitingVit.HchmunangivoXUNamK[74].Cui
cng,theomttiliucaHNithchaithnhvinTrungQucclachna
voUBanTrungng:LuLpo(ALu)vADuyn(Duy)[75].
KhngcgngcnhinkhingiTrungQucchnchtrongvicthamgiavongmiv
ngnykhngphilchinhnhcaUBanTrungngCSTrungQuc.Theobococa
NgcTrvingiPhpthcngthngvhngphthuccangmivntiptccho
nmaxun. ngbitc tNg GiaTrngmtidinTrungQuctPhnBVin
ngqucnhSiGntrnngtThngHiiSingapore.idinnychothy
ngkhnghilngvlinhtrctipcaCSVitNamviPhnBVinng,vnhn
nhrngnhngngicngsnngDngphitrcthucBanBThcaLinonCng
SnNamDng(hmlLinontiSingapore].SLimPhngchorngvothng4c
mtcuchptiSi Gn vimtkim sot vin Trung Quc tPhnB Vin ngnt
XimvnginykhngbitcrngPhnBVinngthngquatcchclp
caCSVitNam.ngtriutpmtcuchpvongy19thng4nhmlinktnhng
ngicng sn Trung Quc v VitNam [76].CSTrungQuc v vykhnghilngv
vicmtiquynlcivimtngcngsntivngngNamchu.
DinVvHoiAn
140
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
CaotrocchmngtiTrungQucvNamDng
TrongkhinhngngicngsnVitNamangthnhlpcchmi,LLpTamcngang
thcyCSTrungQuctinnnhimcamtlnsngcchmngmi.Ngy26thn2
1930ngaraThngTs70,ccholphngthcutinvrrng,minhbchnht
ca ng Li L Lp Tam trong tng lai[77] Thng t ny cho rng trong khi ln sng
cchmngmiangtintrinvkhicucchintranhsqunangtiptclanrng,mc
tiu c bn ca vic pht trin mt cao tro cch mng ang c hnh thnh. L cho rng
cucutranhqunchngtrntonqucangphttrinukhpvcngtctchcng
tithnhthanghiphcsaugiaionthoitro1927.Chinlccangltptrungvtn
cngginhchinthngbanutimthaynhiutnh.Vicnycthtcbngcch
tchcmtcuctngnhcngtrongtonnghnhngh,huthunvthmnhpcucu
tranh rung t ca nng dn, v pht ng binh bin trong hng ng qun i ca cc lnh
cha.Lcngkmtheomtcnhbochnglinhngkcnhhuvxtli,nhngngi
ny,ngcnhco,sphphnchtrngcanglmanhng[78].
u thng 3 Tnh U Qung ng ca CS Trung Quc t chc hi ngh ti Thng Hi
trnh nhng mt thm Nam Kinh v nhng ngi Ti T Chc Hng Kng [79]. Trong
khongthigiany,mtubanhnhngtiThngHidophtcaLLpTamlL
DuyHn(LiWeiHanND)thnhlptmcchvhiuhosngoanccabphnGiang
T (Jiang Su ND) [80]. Vo ngy 15 thng 3 U Ban Lm Thi Nam Dng cng t chc
cuc hp, chc hn l Thng Hi, cng nh cuc hp ca Lin Hip cc Dn Tc Phng
ngbpBccngxyratiThngHivocngthigianvrtnhiunhngibiu
thamdchaicuchp.TihinghnymtnghquytnghiHiTonThBanChp
Hnh Trung ng QTCS ln th 10 c thng qua. Ngh quyt ny nhn mnh lng trung
thnh ca CS Trung Quc i vi ng li ca QTCS v cng phn no l mt phn hi
nhngphbnhtPhnBVinngvothng101929.Nghquytvit:UBanTrungng
nhnnhrngnglivnghquytcaHiNghTonTh[QTCSlnth10)png
ynhngyucucacplnhoCchMngtiTrungQucvNamDng,vcbit
lhintnhcacucutranhvichtrngkhuynht,xtli,thohipvchi...[81]Ngh
quytcachibNamDngphniphbnhcaTrncTvnhngngichorng
cucutranhhinticaqunchngTrungQuclilpvicaotrocchmng[82].Ti
liu khng nh: Vic chuyn ho t mt cuc tng bi cng ca cng nhn ti Nam Dng
sangthnhmtcuctncngchnhtrlmtvncpbchchophongtrocngnhnhin
nay[83].Cuchp nycthlchinhngnginghLLpTamtruyn bchnh
schmicang.
Mt bo co ca S Lim Phng cho thy rng mt ngy sau khi ngh quyt trn c thng
qua,onThanhNinCngSntchcmtcuchptiThngHi[84].Boconycho
thyscanthipngycngnhiucaCSTrungQucvocngviccanhngngchu
khc.TicuchpnythnhvinngiiLoanlLeeNanMowthngborng:theochth
t U Ban Trung ng CS Trung Quc, on Thanh Nin c giao nhim v h tr
DinVvHoiAn
141
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
phong tro cch mng ti vng o ng n, ng Dng v Triu Tin bng mi phng
tincth.Nhngthnhvinngi n v TriuTinchobit rng mcd phongtro cch
mngcahangtintringny,nhngsvcngkhkhntiptcnukhngcsh
trcanganhemTrungQucvi.CuchpnggiyuculnUBanTrungng
CSTrungQucnghginhngtuyntruynvinTrungQuctrtuivnhngngvin
cchmngnccncanggpkhkhn,nhngnginyscchucpvkh,tichnh
vtiliutuyntruyn.imhncanhngngingDngslQungChu.Volcb
mc, v ch tch thng bo rng vn phng a phng ca Quc Dn ng ha gip
phongtrocchmngtivngongn,ngDngvTriuTinvkhngphthuc
vochnhschcaChnhPhTrungng.ycllduhiuvvicthnhphncnht
caQucDnngvntnhiuhptcviCSTrungQuctronggiaionmaxunnm
1930.
Mc d nhng tho lun t ti liu ca S Lim Phng khng lin h trc tip n Ban B
ThcaLinonCngSncaCcDnTcbpBcngNamnhngbococah
aranhngtrchdnrngcuchpcaonThanhNinCngsnxcnhnshinhu
ca ban b th trn. Hi ngh ny cng c th l mt cuc hp ca Lin on Phn thuc
onThanhNinCngSn,cthnhlpnhlvbcchonhnghotnghpphpv
bnhpphpcah.PhnBVinngchthchtrongbcthvothng51930rngbt
utnm1930cnbaLinonPhnkhcnhautiTrungQucLinonmnh
nhtvphbinnhtlcaonThanhNinCngSn,bcthnhnnh.(Hnhnxtrng
mttrongbatchcny,LinonVinngdoCSTrungQucthnhlpcthu
nhvnchngquachlmtdngc).PhnBVinngmunkhuynkhchCSTrung
Quc lm vicvit chcm h gilLin onPhn Trung QucngtiThinTn
(TianJinND)[85].Phasausnhnnhnhodngnhngiumtdinbinykch
tnh,nhngquanhngtiliucangiPhptacthtmcviduvtcanhngg
xyra.
n bncui cngca tboThanhNin phthnhthng 51930tngthut rng c mt
LinonPhnmicaphngngangbtulnnnhngditrvthonca
QucDnngTrungQuc.HinghutincaLinonvothng41930cnhngi
dintn,TriuTin,Java,iLoan,ngDng,TrungQucvnhngqucgiaphng
ngkhcthamd.Bntngthutcpnvicraivonm1928caLinHipccDn
TcPhngngbpBcnhlmtsngybinnhmtchriccphongtrocchmng
chu khi QTCS [86]. C th l H Ch Minh tham d hi ngh thng 4 ny. Trong giai
on ny, nhng hc gi Nga tin rng Phn B Vin ng ang gp kh khn trong vic thu
thpthngtinvnhnggangxyratrongnibcaCSTrungQuc;cngcnglcy,h
chorngsengibquichpchonhngsailmthinhulmchocchnhnvincaPhn
BVinngcckcntrngtrongvicbocohocphbnhnhngbiuhinmhchol
thinttrongchnhschcaCSTrungQuc[87].ycthlnguynnhnvsaoccnhn
vincaPhnBVinngkhngnlcmytrongvickugiCSTrungQucchmdt
hoccttlinhcamnhkhimttrongnhngLinonPhntrn,tclLinon
DinVvHoiAn
142
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
cthnhlpvokhongthng781928.Nhchngtathy,ngungccatchcny
dng nh lmt hnhthc hptc gia phongtro Quc Dn ngcnhT vCSTrung
Quc.
NhngbococaSLimPhngtmaxun1930thblnlnvikhimuthunnhau.
Mtmt,vothng3mtmtthmcahtiHngKnglNeronbocorngNguyni
QucmtkhnhiunhhngiviQTCSsaukhiStalincngcquynlc[88].Nhng
vothng91930SLimPhngliaramtnhnnhmi.nlchinktlun
H/QucchnhlngiidincaQTCSxuthinvothng121929viquynhnh
kimtra...nhngtchccngsntikhuvcVinng[89].Sthayiquanimv
vaitrcaHcthphnnhtquytnhcaPhnBVinngnhmthamgiatchcc
hntrongvicichilinhhngcaLLpTam.Trnthct,dngnhHChMinh
mtrchthmnhngnhimvmlcucgiaochoThibault,kimsotvincaQTCS
(ngi c cp trn v c Phn B Vin ng gi l ngi ng ch n h tr
NamDng),khinginykhngquayvliThngHitchuyninngDng.
Theo ti liu ca Nga, quyn lc ca H dng nh b Phn B Vin ng Thng Hi
phn tn trong khong thng 3 v 4 1930 v c l khng c nhiu nh quyn hn m
Thibaultcgiaoph.
nthng41930quanhgiaPhnBVinngvLLpTamnhicngthngnht.
Ngy17thng4LvitthchoChunLaivCThuBch(QuQiubaiND)(angMoscow)
nghQTCStit chcPhnBVinng.ngcho rng nhngsailmcaPhnBVin
ng l nguy him, mang c im hu khuynh v h ang trong tnh trng khng c t
cchlnhochnhtr[90].RrnglLtinrngngschuthuntStalinhocMif
trongmibthony.TrongkhiMoscowchnchkhngaraduhiurrngvthi
camnhiviPhnBVinng,Ltinhnhnhngkhochchocuctngkhingha.
ChnhtronghoncnhnyPhnBVinngquytnhsdngHChMinhnhlmt
phi vin b mt ti Xim v M Lai gip nhng ngi cng sn a phng thnh lp
nhngngmi.SvivthnhlpnhngtchcthaythnhngchinhnhtrcthucU
Ban Lm Thi Nam Dng c th phn no l do mong mun ca Phn B Vin ng nhm
giihnnhhngcaLLpTamvUBanTrungngCSTrungQuc[91].Chsaukhi
mivicxongthEislervBespalovmithngbochoBanBThCcngPhngtrong
mtlthngy18thng51930rnghgiHiSingaporethamdiHiCSM
Lai,vcnggiaochongnhimvtuynchnidinMLaigiithamdiHiCng
onQucTlnth5spntiMoscow.Hcngbocotrongcngbcthrngh
vnchatmraphivinngiPhpvaingDng,mcdhnhngngicngsn
Vit Nam ang i tm du tch ca ng [92]. Bc th khng h cp n vai tr ca H ti
Xim.
KhmxcnhcchnhxcngythngilicaH.ChonnayHongVnHoanvnl
nguntiliuchyuvgiaionnytrongsnghipcaH,HoanchorngHnBangkok
vokhongcuithng21930.TheoliHoanthsaukhitholunvinhngngchTrung
DinVvHoiAn
143
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
QuctiBangkok,ngnUdongiithchvchnhschcaQTCSchonhngVitkiuti
y.VisraicaCSXim,nhngngicngsnVitNamccholsgianhpng
nythay v tham giavoCSVit Nam.Nguyntc nycng c pdng vi nhngHoa
kiutiXim.HoannirngsaucuchptiUdon,HquayvliBangkokgimstvic
thnhlpCSXimvongy20thng4[93].
NhngmtbococaCSXimginMoscowvonm1935liaramttrnhtkhc
hn[94].Tiliunynirngvothng61930BanBThCcngPhnggimti
din n Xim thuyt phc ng U Xim (bao gm ton thnh vin ngi Trung Quc)
cng vi nhng ngi Vit ti vng ng bc nc ny thnh lp mt CS. Nh cm quyn
AnhgicmtgiythnghnhchnhcaH,mangtnSungManShokhihbtgi
ngvothng51931.Thnghnhnycgitr6thng,doTngLnhSTrungHoaDnQuc
tiEoBinMalaccacpngy28thng41930.ThnghnhvitrngnglcngdncaTrung
HoaDnQucilmvictiXim[95].iunychothyHiBangkokvocuithng5,
saukhithamdiHiiBiuln3caUBanLmThiMLaitiSingapore.Nhngmi
cho n thng 9 1930, khi H quay li Hng Kng th qu trnh hp nht ca CS Xim mi
honthnhvihaingvinngiVitnmtrongUBanTrungngCSXim.VthH
ChMinhcthnXimvothng41930,nhHongVnHoanni,nhngnunh
ththchuynicangkhngtrnghpvithiimhpnhtcaCSXim.
iHiiBiuln3caUBanLmThiNamDngctchccngdpknimngy1
thng 5 Singapore.Nhngtheo mtbcthgicho English Komparty ti Londonli vit
rngtibuihpngy29thng4 nhmchunbchongyLaongQucT,c11ibiu
thamdubbt,trongccbthng,bthLinonLaongvmtthnhvin
caUBanTrungng.Bcthnynirngvongy21thng5HiNghctriutp,
vCSMLaicthnhlpvongy24thng5[96].Cuchpc11ibiuthamdkhng
knhngthnhvincaUBanTrungngvidincaPhnBVinng.Bntng
trnhhinghmclldoHChMinhsontho[97]chothyrngPhnBVinnghin
angkimchnhhngcaLLpTamvUBanTrungngCSTrungQuctiNam
Dng.BnboconylnnUBAnNamDngvsailmmanhngvthivtrch
nhimivinhngkhochnidy.
SaukhilitkMiYuCuLnchoCchMngMLai,bnbocoaramtdanhsch
divNhngSaiLmvBiHcvnhngCngTcqua.Sailmtrctinlthchin
mtcuccchmngTrungQuctiMLai:Cngtccthchintheocngngli
caCSTrungQuc,xaricucsngthcttiMLai,vbquanhngnhimvcbn
cacchmngMLai.ngcnglltrongcngtcivinngdnvbinhlnh.Boco
tip tc: Vic pht trin t chc khng nhng hng v nhn dn Trung Quc m cn
hngvchmtthnhphncanhndnTrungQuc(nhngngigcQungChu,Qung
ng]...DitiuSailmmanhng,bnbocodnramtlotsailmtrongc
ra lnh v p buc nh cng; bt chp cuc ni dy v khng b c nhn (CS M Lai
thamdvoviccngpnhngcngnhnnhcngxemvicnidylmttramt
DinVvHoiAn
144
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
lilmkhngthbqua];othiccxnghipvtchthutisncaccchxnghip;v
a ra khu hiu nm ly quyn lc v thnh lp cng x. Tc gi m rng im cui
cng: Trong khi CS M Lai vn ang trong thi k u thnh lp, thiu qun chng chung
quanhng,nuchngtaarakhuhiu:chimlyquynlcvthnhlpSVitthvic
ny s lm ta l l thc lc ca ch, nh gi qu cao thc lc ca mnh v b ri cng tc
chung ca ng l chim ly qun chng, t chc qun chng v cui cng l chun b khi
ngha vtrang[98] imcui cngchra milin hgia CS MLaivccng anh
em.iunychrathctlCSTrungQuckhngccquynchdnCSMLai:CS
MLai,bncnhvicchusiuphicaQTCS,hyvngrngccCSTrungQuc,Anh,H
LanvPhpthngxuyngipvhngdnkinhnghim[99]TboPoliceJournal(Tp
ChCnhStND)caEoBinMalaccasaunyvitrngtiliutuyntruynvhngdn
tTrungngtiThngHigimthiuvogianm1930,sauiHiiBiuln3
[100].
LnsngcchmngtiVitNam
BococaPhnBVinngngy25thng6chobithvactinHChMinhsn
Thng Hi vo nhng ngy ti (h nh lng v ng khng b bt ti cuc rung b ti
Singaporevocuithng4khihnghetinnyquabochSingapore[101]).Chchnng
quayliHngKngvotrungtunthng6.Vngcngmtichichngkinlnsng
utranhutincaCSVitNamtrongnm1930:hnglotnhngcucnhcngvbiu
tnhtrongcbaminVitNambtutthng4vdnnhuqulrtnhiungib
btgivouthng5.NhchngtacngthytiNamK,nhnghnhngny,tnht
lticckhuthnhth,aphnctchcbithnhphnDCScnlitrciHiHp
Nht.CNgGiaTvDngHcnhubbttiSiGnvocuithng5.Trcngy
QucTLaong1thng5HongQucVitbbttiHiPhngkhingnyhi
viTrnPh.Nhiunngctca phongtrolaongphabccngvotcngngsau
ngy1thng5[102].
TnthtcaphongtrotithnhthlmchonhngngicngsnVitNamtichtm
vophongtrotivngnngthn.iumamailngaysaukhiHarahnhlotchtrch
iviCSMLai,mtnhmngitrongUBanChpHnhLmThiTrungngtiH
NiquytnhtinhnhnidytiNghAnvHTnh,haitnhthngcgichungl
NghTnh.TimtcuchptiHiNi(theotiliulvothng6),TrnPh,NguynTh
Rc,TrnVnLn,TrnhnhCuvNguynPhongSc(bangicuicngtthnhphn
DCS nguyn thu) i n quyt nh trn [103]. Nguyn Phong Sc, mt cu gio vin
catrngThanhLongHNilmtthnhvinctcncgiaonhimvlnhoXU
TrungK.(ngicangtngTnVitclLMoliNghAnkhicuchpxy
ra).NhngngithamdcNguyncCnhHiPhnglmvicviNguynPhong
Sc phtng phongtroNghTnh.Vthnhngthnhvinchchthngdnphong
troSVitNghTnhlnhngngiminbctngichcthctngtrongtngphn
DinVvHoiAn
145
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
lnhocaDCS.Trongnhngnm1950v1960,chnhquynVitNamcangivaitr
ca L Vit Thut, mt cng nhn ngi Bn Thu tr thnh ngi ng u ca X U
TrungKvothng41931[104].Nhngnnm1957nhshccaHNilTrnHuyLiu
chorngNguyncCnhchnhlngitrctiplnhoSVitNghTnh[105].Trn
Ph,mtngithmnhunquanimcptincaQTCSvGiaionTh3,cthc
nhng ng ch ca mnh vn c nhiu kinh nghim hot ng trong nc thuyt phc rng
thiimhnhngchnmui.Nhngcngphicngnhnrngchngtahiubitrttv
quynhncngnhvtrthcscangtrongngvogiaionny.Cuchparali
kugicctnglpcngnngbinhNghAntiptccuckhngchinvchunbiph
visnpcaqucmtdodnhnhtcngtngngvivictiptaychoquc
tiuditmnh,lihiutriuvit[106].
HChMinhdngnhlcnytcquynhncaonhtcamnhtrongQTCS,ng
quayv li HngKngi phvitnh hnh hin vtkhitmnhhngcamnh.
McdHunhKimKhnh(nhshcND)onrngHcthngvaitrquanyu
trongvickhixngvchophongtrocngxny,cschoquanimnylvicquy
nhnynghingtrongvicHltcgicatiliuvkhngchinnngdnctho
luntrongphnGiiThiucacunschny[107].NhngthtvbococaHtrongthi
k19301cchamtchthvcngtchotngquns.Nhngnidungvvnphongca
tiliuvitnm1928vhotngvtrangtrongtnglpnngdnthrtkhcbitsoviti
liu ca H vit nm 1930. Ti liu 1930 l mt bi vit tay di 6 trang dng nh li thi
imHquayliHngKngvThngHivothng6vncpnmtcucbiutnh
tiChLn,skinnycthxyratronghocsaumaxun1930[108].Vitan
ginlQunS,tiliuny(phinbntingAnh)lmtcgngqunbnhhintng
qutrtrngnnhngvnqunsvvicllchunbchocuckhinghavtrangsp
n[109].ngkhngnhrrng:Cngtcqunscangbaogm:hunluynquns
chongvin;phtngtuyntruyntronghngngquni;thnhlplclngcngnng
t v. ng lu tm phn ln vo cng tc pht ng tuyn truyn trong qun i. Nhng
ngilnhbnxlnhngngibbtlnhtlngquvkhngnnxemhllchsn
caquc,ngni.TimtcucbiutnhtiChLn,ngchrarngnhngnginng
dnmcphisailmllngmbinhlnhthayvnntuyntruynchoh.Trongcngtc
phtngtuyntruyn,ngningphinntuyntruyncnglnhCchmngtsndn
tcvinhngbinhlnh,vtndnglngyunchnghitheophongtrocchmng
cagiaicpcngnhnvnngdncngnhnhnnhnvaitrlnhocang.
nthng6,EislerangbclptiThngHithtbitrongvicdunghonhngchnh
schcaLLpTammcdtrnthctnhngcucbiutnhngy1thng5dnnmt
slnngvinbbt[110].HChMinhcthlmvohoncnhtngtiving
camnhvngkhngquynbiuquyttrongUBanLmThiTrungng.Dth,lmt
ngi Bolshevik chn chnh, ng phi chp hnh quyt nh ca ng l pht trin phong
trocngnngNghAn.Mtbcthngy9thng6ginnhngngiVitangchin
utronglclngHngQunTrungQuc,yucuhquayvMttrnAnNam,cthl
DinVvHoiAn
146
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
dongvit.CngviccacchmngVitNamgiylcngviccachngta,lth
vit,cng victiTrungQuckhngphilnhimvcachngt[111]Nhngtrongcng
lcyLLpTamanghithcQTCSginhngthnhvinngoiquctAnh,Php,Nht,
n v ng Dng n thc hin cng tc tuyn truyn ti Trung Quc cng vi nhng
thuthngoiqucangngtiy.ngnhnmnhrnghphilmvicdischo
caCSTrungQuc[112].Vthnthng6mtsngvinngiVitcbsungvo
cng vic tuyn truyn qun s ti Thng Hi. Ngi t chc ca DCS t Bc K l
NgcDu,bdanhPhimChu,nirngHralnhchongnlmvictiThngHivo
cuithng3,saukhingtrnkhiHNi.SaunyngkhaiviSLimPhngrngngbt
ubintpccbivitnhmvoquniPhpsaungy14thng61930.MtngiVitkhc
lLuQucLongcnhimvinnvphthnhnhngbntinvbivit.TbotingPhp
mangtnQuni(LArmeND)btuxutbnmtthnghaik[113].Mttboting
VittnGicNgdoLQungt(cnctnHongCao],vcanglLPhngcv
NguynLngBngmtrch.LQungtcnhimvlinlcgiaPhnBVinngv
HngKngcngnhthuxpilichonhngngiVitNamnMoscowvtrv[114].
Boco ca ngiPhp chobitthigiant ngy 1thng5 n 30thng 8 1930lgiaion
biutnhbtbongtiVitNam[115].Trnthctchaiqutrnhangtinhnhvo
thng61930:mtlvicthnhlpcchngdnnviclachnibiuthamdihi
tonthsptchcvomathu;thhai,nhnitrn,lvicchunbcholnsnghnh
ngtrctiplnhaitptrungvophabcTrungK.Thtkhmbitchaiqutrnhny
c iu phi cht ch nh th no. V cng tc t chc ng, li khai ca Ng c Tr
dnglnmtbctranh(thiuhaimincnlicaVitNam)vqutrnhtitchcangdin
ratiminnamsaukhiNgGiaTbbt.CnctrnlikhaicaTr,vaitrlnhocaNg
GiaTkhnglmvalngnhngngvinaphng.KtkhiDCSvBanChp
HnhLm Thithnh lpmi cngtcu doccthnh vinca uban nyquytnh m
khngthngquaccthnhvincaccchib,nggiithch.ngbsungrng:Khnghc
bocovcngviccaccchibviunygyravibtmn.Nhngcucbiutnh
vothng5vuthng6tiSac,VnhLong,cHovChLnthucGianhdn
nnhiuthnhvinbbtgivcichtcaChuVnLimskinnycngcthlm
cho ng b pha nam ti thm nh chin lc ca mnh [116]. Vo khong ngy 18 thng 6
1930mtcuchpcaBanChpHnhLmThiNamKctinhnhviibiutcca
phng c mi n cho bit kin. Ng c Tr cng Ung Vn Khim (Hun) v
NguynVnSn(Dng)gianhpUBantrckhihinghkhaimc[117].Saungcng
tham gia vo U Ban Lm Thi Trung ng. Tr khai trong sut ma h mt s ng ch
munphtngcccucnidyvthchinhotngkhngb.BanChpHnhLmThi
phitriutpccchiulmthiyucuhhubnhngkhoctrn.BanChpHnh
chthcctnhuphigiithchchoqunchngbitrngchtrngmstmuthunvi
nguyntcchocachnghacngsn[118].Cltrongthnhnny,NgcTrtm
cch r b trch nhim v trch nhim v mnh cho nhng bo lc trong nhng nm 19301,
DinVvHoiAn
147
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
nhng mt bo co nm 1931 m ng gi n Moscow cho thy rng ng nh gi thp

nhngktquhotngcang(xemchthch149).
TiminBcvTrungVitNam,dngnhngcmtphnghngkhc.Trnnguyn
tcTrnPhnmginhiuquynhntrongccungkhingthamgiaUBanLmThi
Trungngvomah,saukhiNguynHibbt.KhiTrnhnhCuribchcvtrong
UBanThngVgianhpXUBcK,TrnPhcngmngchcvcca
Cu[119].Nhngtrnthct,nguphabchotngtngiclp,theonhng
bo co sau ny ca QTCS. V d nh trong mt l th khng ngy c vit sau ngy 4
thng41931,PhnBVinngchthrngvnchtrngphnlpcnphicxo
sch [120]. (Nhng ch trng ny dng nh xut hin vo ma thu trc, nh s tho
lundiy).SaukhiUBanLmThiNamDngcithnhmttchccaccng
cng sn ca cc nc, U Ban Trung ng CS Trung Quc khng gi vai tr trc tip
chnhthctingNam.Chonnaytahontonkhngthbitcchngtrnhhnh
ngcaLLpTamvcaotrocchmngchoTrungQuccnhhngnhthno
nhngskinxyratiVitNam.Nhngcduhiuchothyrngcstngquanno
ygianhngthiimchunbvhnhngtrnchaiqucgia.
TiTrungQucvicchunbcaLchonhngkhinghavtrangtrongthng8v91930
ctinhnhthnglotcchinghctchctuthng6nngy6thng8.Vo
ngy11thng6BChnhTrCSTrungQucthngquamtnghquytkugiLinBang
SVitvqunchnglaongthgiinghcuccchmngTrungQuc.Htuynbrt
rrngcchmngTrungQuctrthnhtrngtmcacchmngthgii[121].oQun
s3caCSthchinthnhcngmtcuctncngchpnhongtiTrngSa(ChangSha
ND)vongy28thng7.Vongy6thng8UBanHnhngTrungngcaLLp
TamkugitchccchmngvnidyngaylptctiVHn(WuHanND),BcKinh,
Thin Tn (Tian Jin ND), Cp Nh Tn (Harbin ND) v cc thnh ph khc (Phn B Vin
ngtrlibngmtbcintnyucutriutpngaylptcLLpTamvMoscow
[122] ). Mt cuc tn cng th hai vo Trng Sa c tin hnh gia ngy 24 thng 8 v 12
thng9.TrongthigiannyMoscowgimtthikhngdtkhotivinhnghnh
ngcaL,mcPhnBVinngtiptcnhngnlccamnhnhmkimchng
hngphiulucaL.MttrongnhngidinmicaPhnBVinnglvibiu
caCng on QucT S.Stoyar,cn bit ndi nhngbdanhJack hocLeon,
vitcholnhoCngonlLozovskyvongy5thng8yucuhuthunEisler.ngthan
phin rng L Lp Tam ang huy ng tt c cc thnh vin nng ct chng li QTCS [123].
iulthlcaotrocchmngmLangphtngxyracnglcvicucnichin
ton cc bn trong Quc Dn ng Trung Quc din ra t ngy 5 thng 4 n u thng 11
[124].TrnCngBcvnhngngiTiTChcvicncmitiBcKinhngvaitr
chnhyutrongcucxungtny.RtcthlLLpTamangtrngchvochinthngtt
yucah.
DinVvHoiAn
148
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
TiVitNam,theosaucuchpthng6caBanChpHnhLmThitiHNi,cctnhu
NghAnvHTnhcthnhlpvothng7.TiNghAnchibngcthnhlp
n cp x [125]. Ln sng hot ng th hai ti Ngh Tnh dn n s tan r ca chnh
quynaphngvdngnnSVitbtuvongy29thng8vtnnhcaovo
ngy1112thng9(vongy12thng9nngdncctnhGianh,ChLnvTnAncng
biutnh[126]).mtsni,huynngbttrivquannhagiaonpntrincho
dnlng;nhnghngchcxhocltheoqunkhinghahocbgit[127].QunPhp
nmbomvoonbiutnhangvVinhvongy12thng9lmchttrn120ngi.Trn
HuyLiugiithchrngngyhmycphihpcccucbiutnhtrnkhpvihuyn.
NhngskinnycnhcntunttrongccbococaPhpcngnhcaTrnHuy
Liu[128].iunglulngy12thng9saunycknimnhlngythnhlp
phongtroSVitNghTnhvcngcCSTrungQuctngnhnhlngyknim
cacucKhiNghaTrungThu1927[129].
Khngcnnghinggvvicnhngnngdnaphng,bnngbiqunhiuloisu
thu,rthnghiutranhchnglingiPhpvquanliaphng.Nhnglunim
chornghnhngcahphtsinhhocblikobimtskkchngthkhmchp
nhnc,cnctheoquanimkhochdoCSVitNamthchincngnhhngdn
kchngmnhngngicngsnnhnctMoscow.JamesScott(gioskhoahc
chnhtrYaleND)chorngtrongkhingcthgipktninhngcucbiutnhban
u,nhnghkhngcnphichranhngitnglmnngdncmphn[130]Nhng
chnhnhngchinlcmngcpndylntnhngaukhttcngcanhng
nngdnminqunhngihichmdtsuthu(hochontrthu)vchnhschthu
tcanhngachccvalalnhngiumnhngnhtchcphongtronngdn
thhuntHcVinNngDnBnhBitnhngnm1920.Nhnghotngthng9ti
NghTnh,thnglthuynngvtiuhusschvinavsuthu,ctip
thutnhngphngphpcsdngtrongphongtroSVitHiLcPhong[131].Tac
thktlunrngthayvitheophongtronngdn,nhngngicngsntoranhng
phng php t chc ph hp vi tnh hnh a phng, t nht l trong mt thi gian
ngn[132]. Ta cng c th kt lun rng nhng hnh ng ca L Lp Tam Trung Quc
phnnotcngnccskintiNghTnh.KhinghaNghTnhcngcthxyra
di mt tnh trng khng c s lin quan ca QTCS hoc i ngoi mong mun ca CS
Trung Quc nhm thc y bc tin ca cch mng Trung Quc v th gii. D th, n
khngthxytravitnhtrngnhthnukhngcslnhocanhngngicngsn.
Nkhngthxyravothiimynukhngcmtchngtrnhhnhngnoy.
HiNghTrungngthng10vvicTrnPhcngcquynlc
ngCngSnvathnhlpcaVitNamkhngthhpnhthngnglnhotrnton
qucmichonhinghUBanTrungnglnthnhttchctiHngKngvothng10
1930. Trong thi gian gia chuyn i Thng Hi vo thng 6 n hi ngh thng 10, H Ch
DinVvHoiAn
149
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Minhdngnhnhvcngviccamnh nhlmttrunggiangiaccngMLai,
XimvVitNam.Tronggiaiont23thng7n2thng9,ngnirnggichoPhnB
Vinngsubcth.Trongsny,chcbcthngy2thng9lnmtrongvnkhca
QTCS.Trongthnggiithchrngvongy13thng8ngbmtcnlaophi,mtth
bnhmngtngthutlauphivnnramu,vcngyuuivmtmi[133].ng
cnglitknhngchitithochnhscaratrongcuchpcaUBanTrungng
sp n: (a) T ph bnh nhng vic qua; (b) d nh tip tc hot ng cho n khi hi
ngh;(c)chunbchohingh;v(d)chunbgihcvin.Rrnglngkhngnhnthy
trc rng hi ngh thng 10 s lin quan n s chuyn hng quan trng ca ng. Trong
cng bc th ng c nhc n vic mnh va hon thnh cng vic bnh dn ho mt cun
schmangtnNhtKChmTu.ngnimnhphibra8ngyvitvgnmtthng
in c 20 n bn [134]. y l mt chuyn ng ngn v ba thu th, mt ngi Php, mt
ngiPhivmtngiVitbmthuynvcmtchictuSVitcusng.Hc
anMoscowvcchmlosckho,cototimthcvincngsnvix
nghong,khngnhtrcykhihcnllaocngcaPhp.NgithuthVitNamn
tngvischtmnhmklcahcthuytvchnghathcdncaLeninvnhng
ngibtcottquc[135].VicHbcthngsonthocunschnyclngoi
lngthocamtnhvn,ngangmunbytlngtrungthnhcamnhiviMoscow
vothiimmCSTrungQucangitheoconngmngiNgacholchngili
QTCS.
DsaoHvngicmiquanhcllttpviCSTrungQuc.ngbocovi
PhnBVinngvongy22thng9rngngthnhkincaPhnBMinNamTrung
QucvvicCSVitNamnnlachnchinlcnoiphvicuckhngbTrng,
mtbinphpnpmngiPhpangsdngchnglinngdnNghAn.ngbo
co rng vo ngy 19 thng 9, ba thnh vin ca U Ban Trung ng CS Vit Nam n
HngKngthamdhinghUBanTrungngvtrnhmtbocovnhngskinti
VitNam.VthigianhiviPhnBVinngkodiqulu(mtbcthnhanht
Thng Hi n Hng Kng lc y phi mt 15 ngy mi n][136], cc thnh vin U Ban
Trung ng v H tho lun vi nhng ngi Trung Quc quyt nh nhng bc ti
caCSVitNam.BntngthutmangtnhngoigiaocaHvcuctholunnynirng
TrungQucngviquytnhcaCSVitNamvvicquyngptinbcchoccnn
nhnvtchcmtphongtrophnitrntonquc.Cnhmcngquytnhbtu
thchclclngnngdntv,cngchotngcangtronghngngcngnhnv
tuyntruynivibinhlnh[137].
NgcTraranhiuchitithnvvicgpghaithnhvinTrungQuctPhnB
MinNam m ng ni lbaogm H,H TngMu,Trng VnLnh, ngi bntrong U
BanTrungngcanglSu(NguynTrngNh,cnctnlNguynTrngNht,mt
cu sinh vin t H Tnh [138]) v ng. (Nhng thnh vin khc ca U Ban Trung ng
cha n hi ngh). Nhng ngi Trung Quc cho rng nhng cuc biu tnh nh du bc
khiucaphongtronidylmtiutt.NhngHTngMutrlirngvicni
DinVvHoiAn
150
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
dy ang em n nhiu tht bi hn thnh cng, mc d khng c tn tht g khi tip tc

nhngcucbiutnh.Htinrngkhngthnotchccmtcuctngkhingha,nhng
cc lngx nngdn cth dnglncng xv thchinchnh sch phnchiarungt.
NgcTrchorngnglngiphniquytlitnhtchtrngnidytiNghTnh.
Phong tro cch mng ch va mi thnh hnh... ch trng ni dy l sai lm; n s khng
mangligitrgchophongtrocchmngngoitrbomnvthtbi.CSTrungQuc
ku gi khi ngha, nhng... nhng g c th Trung Quc khng hn lun c th ti ng
Dng.VicthnhlpSVitvphnchiarungtmkhngchuthuncamtcucni
dythkhngthnothchinc,Trkhailphtbiunhth.Trongsnhngngi
Vit,chcSulhontonngvinhngngiTrungQuc[139].
ibiungiHoacaUBanTrungngtSiGnlALukhngthamgiavocuc
tholun.NhngcthngnggptrongphnbococangvNamKCamBt
mHgichoPhnBVinngvongy22thng9.VothiimnyCSTrungQuc
minnamcvchnhthchpnhtvingiVit.(Nhngtrongnm1931mtboco
tSiGnlimtlnnacprngchibNamKCamBtlmtthnhphnhonton
ringbitviDCS[140]).TiCampuchia,ngc120thnhvinngiTrungQucv4
ngiVit,vi300thnhvinTrungQuctrongccnghiponlaong.TiNamKng
chothyslnmnhvi70thnhvinTrungQucv400ngiVit,tng350ngiVitkt
thng21930.C500thnhvintrongccnghiponlaong(tnhchungmichngtc)v
13.500thnhvintrongccnnghi[141].
HaithnhvincnlicaUBanTrungnglTrnPhvLMonHngKngvo
ngy 2 thng 10, trc khi nhng thnh vin min nam khng th ch i c na v nh
quaytrv.(MtthnhvinthbalcungvincuDCSlTrnVnLanbtrhnv
phiitimtkhchsntrongsutcthng10.Khngbitlcphingnhnc
achkhngchnhxchaykhng).NguynPhongSc,mtthnhvinvngmtkhcthang
qubnbuviphongtroNghTnhkhngthamd.NgcTrbaurutthangay
trcngyhinghvdophinmtibnhvintrongsuthaitun.Mcdtnhtmthc
giVitNamcgngchngminhrngHcngvngmttronghinghthng10nhng
tiliucaQTCSchothykhngphivy[142].Vongy28thng10Hvitmttrong
nhngbocottintcnhtvqutrnhny.Bncnhvicthngknhngslngngvin
trong nhngtchckhc nhau (gi lnn 1.740ngvin,trong c 190ngiTrung
Quc],nglitknhnghngmcvnghquytctholun,chthchrngnhng
tiliunychacchuynng.Bocovchitiucangchothytngschiphchovic
ili,ntrongthigianhinghchimht440laHngKng.Cuicngnghi:Xinhy
giinchochngtingaybivchngtiphiquayvlptcsaukhigpng[143]iu
ny cho thy ng thc s i cng Trn Ph n Thng Hi bo co vi Phn B Vin
ngsauihi.
ivinhngaitmcchchngminhHChMinhlunlngnndnngcaCSVit
NamthvicngvngmttiHngKngtronglcykhltinli.Bivtihinghthng
DinVvHoiAn
151
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
10 ny ng b mt quyn hnh ca mt ngi chuyn giao chnh sch ca QTCS n Vit

Nam.ChnhcngchoCSVitNamvothng21930dongsonthobthaythbng
mt Lun Cng Chnh Tr mi v cc ngh quyt hp vi ng hng hin ti ca QTCS.
Nhtathy,vicnyihingphiphttrinthnhmttchcgiaicp.Hainhimv
canglcchmngchngqucvchngphongkingiytrthnhvicgiiphng
giaicpcngnhntithnhthlnnngthn.Chonnm1931ttngnygynnvic
thanh trng nhiu ngi trung lu yu nc trong ng, tch ri h ra khi phong tro cch
mng.Trongcnglcy,hinghphbnhcuckhinghathng9tiNghAn.Mtthng
tcgilVnKinngvitvothng10phphnXUTrungK.Thngtni
rng: Vo thi im hin ti vi hin tnh t nc, mc chun b ca tng lp v sn v
qunchngbbclttithnhthvnngthn,mcchunbcangvscmnhca
ch,nhngcuckhingharingrtimtvinilmanhngvsailm[144]Vocuihi
ngh,nhngibiuquytnhthnhlpUBanTrungngtiSiGn.TrnPhc
bulmbthUBanTrungng,viNgcTrvNguynTrngNhluvintrongU
BanThngV.NguynPhongScvTrnVnLanvngichcuvinUBanTrungng.
Thnh vin ngi Trung Quc l A Lu quyt nh li Hng Kng lm vic vi CS
TrungQucvngtnglhcvincaHongPh[145].
TheolicaNgcTrthsauhingh,HvTrnPhcngiThngHibocovi
PhnBVinng.KhiTrnPhquayliHngKngvongy20thng11,ngemtheo
mtbcthngncaH,NgcTrni.Bcthnhnnhnrngqutrnhhpnhtng
c thc hin vi vng v c nhng thiu st v phng hng v thiu thng tin t
trongnc.HcngngvicitnngthnhngCngSnngDng[146].Mt
thng t ngy 9 thng 12 cho cc ng u cng b vic H nhn nhn nhng sai lm ca
mnh.ThngtlurngkhngcmtxunothchinchthcaQTCScgi
chohvothng2vthng3193;trnthct,nhngchthnyctipthumtcch
lnhnht.CcngvinkhngbitcrngngingchkugiHiNghHpNht
cQTCSgivnchotngmkhngcmthngdncthno...ngtmnh
khixngvmcphihnglotsailm...ngchnynhnnhnsailmcamnhv
ngsacha[147].Thngtnycngchraviccnphixemttcachlmt
giaicp.inghchlivichnhcngthng2caHiNghHpNht,bnthngtkhng
nhrngttcccachlkthcanngdnvquynlicahlinquanmtthitvi
quynlicaquc[148].
ncuithng11931,mcdnhnglnsngbiutnhmiangxyratiHTnhvQung
Ngi,NgcTrvitchoMoscowrngcuckhngbmmuangnhhngntinh
thnqunchngvlmchohotngcachngtithmkhkhn.nthng101930,ng
ghich,trongs90ngvintiHiPhngc17ngibbt,10ngikhcbtrn,v
45ngibngvsbnp.nthng121930,slngngvintngln93ng
vinnhnhngthnhvinmicktnp,nhngslngthnhvincngongimt
99vothng10xungcn67votrongthng12[149].TrongkhuvcmthanHngGai,Cm
PhvHTu,nichngnghncngnhnm,ngvit:Chngtichc29ngch[150].
DinVvHoiAn
152
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
ngkhngththmnhpvoccninktsaucucnidyPhRing,vtikhu
vcnngthn,nivicnpcbitddi,ccnnghibphhu[151].Trongphn
ti bt ng ni thm rng U Ban Trung ng bt u thit lp lin lc vi Thng Hi
nhnghintihthngnylmvicrttit.CthlvicPhnBMinNamcaCSTrung
QucbcnhstAnhtiHngKngkhmphvothng12/1930lmginonhthng
lin lc vn chm gia Hng Kng v Thng Hi. Theo bo co ca ngi Anh vo nm
1932,phnbangsngtrongtnhtrnghphi,nhmtcquanchuyngiaovthngdch
tintccaPhnBVinng,vimtnhnvinlNguen[sic]AiQuac,mtngiCngSn
AnNam[152].
TnhtrngthmhinydngnhnhhngnquanhgiaUBanTrungngvH.
Vongy12thng2ngchuynmtbcth(mngdchsangtingAnh)caUBan
TrungngVitNamnPhnBVinng.Lthmu:QuanimcaQTCSvbn
thonghquytcachngtilg?Cthtgchochngtikhng?Nukhngthtvn
phngtiHngKnglmg.tnhtQTCScngnngithchochngti.[...]Nuccng
chkhngthgipchngtilinlcviQTCSvCcngPhngthccngchlmg
y?[153]NhngchthvhuthunmngCngSnngDngmiangmongmun
mtqunhiuthigiannVitNam.KhnghnllicaHkhiPhnBVinng
chmtrlinhngyuschcah.TrongmtbcthgichoPhnBVinngvothng2,
HnhnmnhvaitrtnhcatnglplnhotrongUBanTrungngvtmquan
trngcavic cngc quynlccah.Ldomnhnggimcmitrongcngtyng
Dngangvcngnnnngtrngchnhngbcthmccngha,ngni,lvh
vatchnntrongncvhvnchaccnhngnhhngcnthitivinhng
ngidiquyntrongcngtyluhn[154].NhngPhnBVinngchgiitrong
vicaranhngchthchungvphbnhnhngboconhnchnlgiiquytnhng
khkhn(trongmangnm1931hcnghontonbnrntrongvickhngchnh
hngcaLLpTam].HvitchoHvongy12thng1hahnlssmcmtti
liuyvchitit hnkmtheo cc ch th, nhng nkhngthnh hnhmi cho n
cuithng3.[155]Bcthngy12thng1caPhnBVinngcngphbnhcngvic
bococaHvbquathctlcthngphithayiachvhnhthcthngtin
saukhiPhnBMinNamcaCSTrungQucbkhmph.Chngtithylinlccang
chvinhngnikhcdngnhkhngyvkhngchpnhnc....Hnnathng
tinvcucKhngBTrngthqukhkhan(chcplbaonhiungibbt];iuquan
trnglcnphibithbbtkhianglmg,vsaohbbt,vnvn[156]Cngtrongcng
bcthny,PhnBVinngihicncthmnhngcucbiutnh:ngy25thng2l
Ngy Tht Nghip, c nh du bi s vn ng qun chng rng ri nht c th c
trongcccngxngvnhmy.
DngnhHboviPhnBVinngvdnhcivcamnhtrongkhongma
ng.PhnBVinngnhcnhngtrongbcthngy12thng1rngngphibochoh
bittrchaithngngycicang.Vbcthnykhngdngmtmdidngcng
tythngmi,tacthchornghthcsangnivvicHlyv.Trongthng2ngc
DinVvHoiAn
153
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
cpnvicvmnhangbnrnchunbTtvdnhmticnkhchtSiGnvBc
K,docthlngtnglyucucaPhnBVinnghoclthcahnqu
tr.[157]TtiliuQTCSkhctronggiaion1934v1935,chngtabitcrngvcang
rrnglNguynThMinhKhai,cuthnhvinngTnVitVinhcgiaonhimvlm
victiHngKngsaukhinghpnht.[158]Saunybcgiaonhimvlmvicvi
CSTrungQuc.VicHvbccngiquanhvchngsaukhihaingibbtvothng
4vthng61931thkhngr.(NgunhscangiPhpvNguynThMinhKhailmta
tinrngbcnhiuquanhvinhngngchnamgiitrongkhong1930n1940.Vd
nhvonm1932,SLimPhngtinrngbltnhnhncaTrnNgcDanh,emtraiTrn
Ph. Vo nm 1933 h gi c mt bc th ca b vit t Hng Kng, dng nh t
chiviccuhncamtngino,trongbtuynbTikhngcnmnhchuyn
hn nhn hoc lm m... Ngi chng duy nht ca ti l cuc Cch Mng Cng Sn [159].
Nhngchoncuinm1934,khibnMoscow,blivitrngbcchnglLin,b
danh ca H lc y [160]. Vit Nam, tiu s v b vit rng b ly L Hng Phong ti
Moscowvonm1935,nhnghintikhngcmtbngchnggvcuchnnhnny[161])
Hinghthng3vschmdtcacaotrocchmng
nngy12thng31931,khiHiNghTonThln2btutiSiGn,quanhgiaUBan
TrungngvHChMinhsuygimnmcngphinhanhchngyucuct
bnhimvcamnhtiHngKng.Mttrongnhngmctrongchngtrnhnghsca
Hi Ngh thng 3 l vn H Ch Minh. Theo Ng c Tr th nhng ngi cm u ti
TrungKvBcKthanphinrngHlintcyucuhphitngtrnhchoPhnB
VinngtiThngHinhngbocomThngVUBanTrungngctrchnhim
sontho.HinghquytnhvitthyucuHnnchmdtvicihinhngboco
ny; khi cn thit, U Ban Trung ng s gi bo co cho Phn B Vin ng qua ng Hng
Kng,vsyucuHchnginlchuyngipchoh[162].Vothng4,TrnPhvit
th thng bo cho Phn B Vin ng rng h khng nn tip tc dng H lm ngi trung
gianvngtaquvnttvikhichthchochngtinhngkincnhncamnhm
khngthngquaccngch[163].
HphnhinhngphbnhtrntrongmtbcthgichoUBanTrungngngy23thng
4nirngngthyvchkhichngvaitrcamttrmathnthun.nggiithch:
TibithoncnhkhkhnvUBanTrungngcrtnhiuvicphilm.Nhnghcn
phihiurtnhthcachngta,vlldotisaochngtiyucuccvnbnbo
cotccnguaphng[164].Vocuithng3PhnBVinngtmcchthuytphc
ng liHngKng vi ldo l vicgilinlcviThng His khngd dnghn cho
ng.Htrnanngrng,Bnthnngchvcngqugivtrnhtlscnthitm
chngtatholunvothng11trc.Chngtixcnhnhimvcangchnhsau:
(1)givngcclinlcmtthitnhtcthcvinhngngutrongnc;(2)boco
DinVvHoiAn
154
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
vichngtimivictinisinhhotcangch;(3)chunbvgiodcngtrongnhng
cucutranhtnglai[165].
KimsotvinQTCSlJosephDucrouxgpHvothng3vthng4khitrnccchuyn
ivrikhiVitNam,ningtchcmtscuchpviTrnPhvNgcTr.ng
khnghlnhiuvmicngthnggiaHvUBanTrungngtrongmtbcthvit
saukhigpHvothng4.NhngnglurngHcmthybclpvnghPhnB
VinngnncngcschocamnhvshuthunvngchcmhdnhchoH
v nhng ngi bn trong nc ca ng. [166] Ducroux cng bo co rng gii lnh o
trung ng ca ng Cng Sn ng Dng cui cng c mi ngi cng nhn v c
thcquyn,mcdcmtvichtrnglinbangnh.Dthnhngchtrngnylirt
mnhminbcntihingh,UBanTrungngquytnhthaythbphnlnh
oy.ClikhaicaNgcTrlnthtlinlcgiaDucrouxvTrnPhchothy
mtthnhvincaXUBcKtrongkhicgiaonhimvchuynngbcthcaQTCS
NhngNhimVCpBchcaCngSnngDngthmvomtlimurng
TamQucTkhnghiuctnhhnhtingDng.Nhnvtphnkhngny,c
nhndinlKy,gicnhhngcamnhtronghngnglnhophabc,ngayc
khibarakhichcvcamnhvtmcchthnhlpmtthnhphnilp.[167]
MtbcthcaPhnBVinngcvitsauhinghthng3lplirngCSng
DngphichnglinhngphntticctnhphabcchorngQTCSkhngthuhiu
chintnhcangDng.NhnglplunnycdngtrcybiLLpTam,
ngikhngthchinnhngchthcaQTCSvdnnnhngthithitolncat
chctiy[168].
HChMinhngvtrnotrongmimuthunvnglicaQTCSlmtvn
phctp.ChngtacthginhtmiquanhttpcangviPhnBVinng,bo
cocangtMLaivonm1930cngnhtbcthcangtrongthng41931rngng
khngmongmundnhlunvicphniliMoscow.Nhngvthcangcthb
suy yu t vic Mif ang c gng nm ly Phn B Vin ng vo ma thu 1930. Theo quan
imcaTrnPh,vicHthtbitrongvicaramtchnhschgiaicprrttrongnib
nglmttrongnhngnguynnhnchyudnnsmtonkttrongng.Trongbc
thngy17thng41931ngbucHchutrchnhimvnhngtndcanhngtchc
cchmngcbntrongngVitNam.ngchorngnhngthngquachothyrngttc
nhngthnhphnttngthucnhngnhmcchmngckthpthnhmtthnhphn
chngliphnghngmivchnhschthngnhtttngvhnhngcang.Hi
nghhp nhtvothng 21930bthmnhunttngcanhngtchccchmng c,
ngni.Ttngnybaogmvicthanhnnhngachbctiuvtrungcngnhthnh
phntsnqucgialmtbphncacchmng.nggiithch:Ktqucahinghhp
nhtnychangrtrduvtcagiaionhptcgiaQucDnngvCSTrung
Quc,cbitlchnhschhukhuynhcaCSTrungQuct1925n1927[169].
DinVvHoiAn
155
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
VicthcychtrnggiaicpcaTrnPhviuythcaStalincthmanglimthu
qungoimun.NlcptmtnghnggiaicpcangtiHiNghthng31931
cthdnnmtgiaionmicachnghaccoantiTrungKvomaxun1931.
Nhngquytnhcaratrongphinhinghthng3kodi2tunthngcchol
phbnhnghimkhcnhngkhuynhhngthinttrongnibngcanhngngi
nhNgVnhLong[170].Clchnhxchnthylsthaythmtchtrngccoan
bngmtchtrngccoankhc.Trongkhihinghkhnglnnkhngbcnhnv
cch s dng bo lc y hp tp, n ku gi cng c tnh cht giai cp ca CS ng
Dng. Bn ngh quyt vit: Mt trong nhng nguy him ln nht l vic cc ng vin vn
cha hiu r v v tr ca giai cp v sn trong cuc cch mng v nhng nhim v ca
ng[171].Nhngnhimvtchcutinphicthchinl:giiphpchocuckhng
hongtronghngnglnhotiBcKvymnhvthcaUBanTrungngtimin
trungvminnam.Cnthitphitngbcmtthaythccidincathnhphntrthc
vbothtrongnhngbphnlnhobngtnglpcngnhnhocbnnng[172].ng
cgiaonhimviutranhnghinngdnvloibnhngthnhphnkhngdnhlu
n giai cp nng dn; a nhng i biu bn nng v ngi lao ng thnh th ngho kh
nhtvohngnglnho.Cucutranhgiaicptinngthncncmrngv nh
hngcachnghaqucgiacncloib[173].Tchcphnkhngcnchchtrng
vophnnichungmcncthchinchtrongtnglpphnlaong.HiPhN
GiiPhngphibgiitntcth[174].
MthqucanghquytvgiaicpdngnhlsthanhtrngcangUTrungKvo
thng4.Mtlnna,cmtsnhmlnvnguyndocavicthanhtrngny.Nguyn
DuyTrinhmiutnnhlvicloibnhngthnhvinmcnhngsailmthint
nghimtrng[175].NhngTrnHuyLiulinhcnmtthngtngy29thng41931
tXUTrungKtrongkugibixchnhngthnhphntrthc,phnng,achv
thnho[176].Thutngnynhclikhuhiunitingtrongthiimmnhmnhtca
phong tro Ngh Tnh: Tr, ph, a, ho, o tn gc, trc tn r. Trn Huy Liu vit rng
khu hiu mang tnh chia r nh th gip cho ngi Php li ko c mt phn kh ln
trong dn chng vo thi im m s n p ca Php ang ln cao. Khi Thng T ngy 29
thng4cbanhnh,LVitThutctnnhimnmquynlnhoXUTrung
K, theo li Nguyn Duy Trinh. C Nguyn c Cnh v L Mo u b bt gi vo ngy 9
thng 4; L Vit Thut c l cng nm chung s phn vo ngy 1 thng 5, trong khi Nguyn
PhongScbngiPhpbtvongy3thng51931[177].
Vicloibgiaicptsnclctoantnhnhlmtcucthanhtrngbtbong.
Nhngn chuynthnhmtqutrnhtmvttthn khingiPhpathmqunvo
Vinhvnnilanrng.TiliucatonPhpchothytiHTnh,btutthng111930
vtrongsutnau1931,nhngngibtnhnghilginipvdnlngbtcongncn
phongtroSVitbmstbngnhiubinphp[178].Mtngiphningbtri
vthtrisngcngvivvcon;mtktrmlavkhoaibchnsng;mtngibtnh
nghilchimbnhcht.Takhngbitrrngnhngvicnycnmtrongchtrng
DinVvHoiAn
156
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
thanh trng m Trn Huy Liu nhc n hay khng. Trong hon cnh nguy him ngy cng
tngivinhngngvin,mtkthgiaicpbloibkhichcvlnhotrongng
stngbinthnhkbtnhnghiphnbi.
TheotiliutrongVnKinng,mtchth doUBan Trungngbanhnh vo ngy 20
thng51931nXUTrungKkugichmdtvicthanhtrng.TiliunynirngX
UTrungK,cthlbthxu,aramtchthloibkhingnhngtrthc,ph
nng,achvthnho;chthnykhngccs,thiugiithchcnk,convcu
th[179].XUTrungKcchophitkimimvithinghimkhcnhtvsa
chanhngsailmcamnh.iuklltrongbivitcaTrnHuyLiunm1957khng
thynhcnchthny.Nhtathy,NguynDuyTrinh,tnhnrngtrctipchng
kinnhngskinnyvthamdcuchpcaXUTrungKvothng4tthi
imsachanhngsailmtkhuynhvokhongthng4,khitrongthctthikbolc
hnnacaphongtroSVitchmibtu.Dngnhcmtkhnngkhclnhng
hnhngmtrongthigian19356ccholsailmthinttrnthctkhngc
saitrongnm1931.Giaionccoannycthchnginlngdnkhiccung
bphntn.
NhtabitctnhngbcthcuicngcaTrnPhvHChMinhginPhnB
Vinng(trckhihbbt],vothng41931vuthng51931tonbccubntrn
cptnhcaCSngDngbphhuvnhngbtbcaPhp.NgcTrbbtvo
ngy 1 thng 4, cng vi ton b X U Nam K. Vo ngy 15 thng 4 c quan ca U Ban
Trung ng ti Si Gn b khm ph, dn n vic mt mt tt c th t v 1.500 la do
Ducrouxasangtrangtrichiphtrong3thng.TrnPhthotcnhangivsinh
khicucrungbxyra[180].ngvitvongy28thng4:Mingyucbtb.Cc
tnhThiBnhvNamnhbtncngddilmlinlcvincahbbtgivkhaibo.
CsinnmicaUBanTrungngbkhmphvthmvingvinbbt.[181]H
bocovicTrnPhbbtvongy19hoc20thng4.SauHvitrngchcnstlimt
cngnhntrtrongbanbth.TiHngKngmttrongnhngngchcnhimvthng
tinlNguynThMinhKhaibbtvongy29thng4.
Vnhngbtbrngritrn,vicsonthocachthngy20thng51931choXUTrung
Kgpkhkhn.CphiUBanTrungngbanhnhmttiliunhthvolcy?
CphichnhHChMinhsonthovginmintrungVitNamdidanhnghaca
mtUBanTrungngkhngcntnti?CphiHChMinhvnsnsngkhixng
vic ny trong khi QTCS hon ton ng h nhng chnh sch do Trn Ph a ra? N c
cthcschpnhnvthihnhtiTrungK?BngchngduynhttvnkhcaPhpv
vnnylmtthngtdangddocnhstHngKngtchthuctmynhchca
HChMinhkhingbbtvongy6thng6.Chcatiliunylnglingng
chngli cuckhngbca Php.NgiPhpcho ti liuny lkhng ngquantm
nhngtinrngnchothyquynlccaHtrongng[182].
DinVvHoiAn
157
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
TheobcthtcmPhnBVinngginMoscowvongy10thng6,dng
nh h quyt nh a ra li ku gi n ton th cc thnh vin trong ng trn danh
nghacaUBanTrungngCSngDng.Likuginycmcchkhngnhrng
nganglplitrttvbttayvovic[183].Ngivit,cthlRylski,khngara
nhngchititlinquanntiliuny.Nhngtrongbcthngy12thng5rrnglgi
choH,vitbngtingAnhkhngnguynthu,ngivitgiaochongnhimvvitli
kuginng:Chngtichorngcncmtbcthdongchvit,mtbcthngcho
tt c cc thnh vin. Trong th ng ch nn ni v nhng nhim v ca ng i vi hot
ng qun chng, vic t chc nhng cuc u tranh kinh t ca cng nhn ti cc n in,
nh my, nhng cng nhn nng nghip, vic t chc cc nghip on lao ng, Lin on
Phn,UBanNngDn,UBanBinhLnh,vnvn.ngchnnnivscnthitphi
lnhovtchcnhnghotngtphtcanngdncaccthnhvin,vnvn.ng
chnncnhbongvhimhocaxuhngmanhngvnhtlchothykhnngca
himhohukhuynhangdngcaolmtphnngivicuckhngbtrng[184].Cn
ctrnngythngcahngdnny,ckhnnglHvitthdidanhnghacaU
BanTrungngvongy20thng5.CngcthlngnhnrarngthngipmPhn
BVinngyucungchuyngiaokhngcnhpvithcti.Cthngttaygii
quytcngvicvsonthobnchthctmthytrongVnKinng.
ChngtabitcsuynghcaHtrongthng4tnhngbcthcang.Vongy28thng
4ngthanphinviPhnBVinngvtrnhhcvncanhngngvinmi.Nhng
hcvinclachnototiMoscowlnnhngngvincngnhnvnngdnu
ththc,ngvit.iunycnghalmcdhdngcmvhisinh,hvnlmvicrtti,
t tng v trnh chnh tr ca h rt thp. ng b xung: H qu ca vic thiu trnh
hontonnylcng viccaccngchgccngnhnvnngdnhontonphthuc
vonhngthnhvintrthc.TrongcnglcynglurngphnngnhngtrthcVit
Nam c gi i Moscow t Php th khng dng c. H bao gm nhng con em c
nungchiucathnhphntsn,ngthanphin[185].ngcnglolngvchinlcang
csdngchnglisnpcangiPhp.Trongkhongngy12n20thng4ng
ghichrngc65nngdnbgittrongnhngcucbiutnh.Qunqucquyt
nh ngn chn phong tro bng thm st, ng ni. Chng ta nn a ra chng trnh u
tranhcthgchoccngchcamnh?Nuchngtahtiptcconngnythsdn
nhimhomanhng[186]iumamailtrongcngbcthy,ngcpnvic
hngtinReutersvongy25thng4arabntinvvicCSngDngcQTCS
thanhnnhlmtbphnclp.Nubntinnylng,ngvit,thyslmt
khchltinhthnrtlnchongvqunchng[187].
UytncaHtiVitNamcthvncntngilnnhhngnhngicaCS
ngDngtronggiaionnynungkhngbbtvouthng6.Nhngtiliuca
TrnHuyLiuvitvonm1960vgiaionmaxun1931khngarantngrng
Hthtscnhhngnnhngtintrnhcaccskin:PhongtroSVitNghAnv
H Tnh, khng nhng khng li tt m cn tng thm cng v bo lc trong nhng
DinVvHoiAn
158
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
thngcui.Mungycngnhiu.Khichuynitgiaionyuschkinhtvchnhtr
nutranhchnglikhngbtrng,nhngcucbiutnhngycngtrthnhutranhv
trang[188].TanghingrngxtoncaLiutrongnhiunmsauvnhngskintrnl
khngthcctrongthik1931.Cnglnhhnhngnm1930phmsailmvvic
kugilttnglptsndntccngvichnhquynthcdnPhpvgiaicpphong
kin...Lrahnnclikovohngngcchmngdnchtsnvkhngnnbtchri
mtcchchthng,ngvit.Tinngthn,nhngcucutranhchnglithnhphnph
nng,trungnngvhnglvthnholnhngsailmnghimtrnglmmtiuytn
cacphongtrovtoiukinchochtuyntruyn[189].
MtbocovinvdanhtiSiGntrongnm1931khivitvtnhhnhcangDng
khngaramtduhiunovvicCSngDngangchnhsangli.(Ngivit
nhndanhlmtthnhvintrongtng4ngimtkhohngcn200cngnhn.Bn
bococQTCSngdungynhnvothng61931).Volcbnbococvittrong
ncc2.400ngvin,trongc600ngitiNamK(khngk200thnhvinngi
Hoa ca nhm Nam K Cam Bt]. Khi nhn nh v khuynh hng c hi, ng vit rng
nhngthnhphncchmngdntcgianhpngsauhinghhpnhtvnhngngi
bloibtrongcucutranhgiaicpangtmcchtchcmtcscangcLpti
Nam K, (tc l ng ca Nguyn Th Truyn]. Cn c mt t chc v chnh ph va c
thnh lp cng nh mt nhm Trotskyist ang hot ng trong thnh phn tr thc, v mt
Lin on Cng Sn mi c thnh lp ca nhng ng vin b khai tr. CS ng
Dngangutranhchnglittcnhngxuhngnyngoitnhmchtrngvchnh
phvhkhngcnhotng.ngvitrng30thnhvincnlicaVitNamQucDn
ngphanamangsnsnggianhpCSngDng.Nhnghquytnhtchc
mt m hnh ng ln lm rung chuyn chnh quyn quc trc khi gia nhp ng.
Nhngngicmubbttrckhinhngkhochcthchin,ngni.[190]Nhta
thyctrongbnbocony,stanrcaphongtrocchmngangphatrc.Vic
HChMinhtrlivaitrlnhovncncnnhiunmnatrongtnglai.
DinVvHoiAn
159
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
CHNG 6: CHT HNG KNG, CHN TI MOSCOW?

(19318)
Tnhn
Vongy8thng61931,TonQuynRenRobintiHNinhinchoBTrngThuc
athngbovvicbtgiHChMinhhaingytrc[1].VictmcHlnh
khmphccunsachcaJosephDucrouxtiSingaporekhiidinngiPhpny
bbttronglcangtraoitiliuvinhngngicngsnaphng.BcincaRobin
thngborngvicbtcHlnhsphihpgiaSLimPhngvicnhstAnhti
HngKngvSingaporecngnhcnhsttgiiPhptiThngHi.Nhngkthpny
gipPhpbt HTng Mu,Nguyn Huy Bon, ngi tr v t Moscow, cngnhnPhan
c Mau, tng tham gia i Hi Cng on Quc T ln th 5 ti Moscow, v hu ht
nhngthnhvincngsnngiVitanghotngtiThngHi.(NguynThMinhKhai,
bbttiHngKngvongy29thng4,bdnvmtnhttiQungChuvhng
rngblngiTrungQuc.ybgpTrngVnLnhvbangiVitNamkhcb
bttunm1931).VcaHTngMulLPhngThun(LUngThun)cngbbt
chung vi H. Tn tht nng n nht i vi nhng hot ng ca QTCS xy ra vo ngy 10
thng 6, khi i din ca Cc Thng Tin Quc T (Otdel Mezhdunarodnoi Svyazy hay OMS
ND) l Hilaire Noulens v v ca ng b theo di qua mt a ch tm c t cun s ca
Ducroux.McdtrongnhiunmtrcngitanghhlhaicngdnThyStnPaulv
GertrudeRuegg,nhnggihcnhndinlhaivchngngiNgatnJakovRudnikv
TatianaMoiseenkoVelikhaya[2].
BcincaRobinchaynidungtcangi.Vicbtgitonbgiilnhocngsn
tiVitNam,trongc9ngivtMoscowvasnhngnhhotngngiVitti
Trung Quc, l thnh qu ca s iu tra kho lo do nhng ban ngnh y kh nng thc
hin,ngvit;lmchochngtachimuthhontonivitnhhnhchnhtr.Nhng
ngcngkhngmongivicdnHChMinhvngDng.LnhsPhptiHng
KngcnhbovingrngnhngngiVitbbtgitiHngKngrtcthsctr
DinVvHoiAn
160
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
tdo.RobinnghgiiphpttnhtcthlthuytphcngiAnhgiamgiHtinhng
vngthucaxaxinhlmthnhngtraoiivinhngngicngsnngin
hocMininbbttrongkhuvccaPhp[3].ncuithng6vinthmtcaSLim
PhnglNeronangtmcchchuyngiaostinthngchonhngvbtgitrn(15nghn
la cho H v 10 nghn la cho H Tng Mu v mi nh cch mng b bt ti Thng
Hi[4]).NhngphngphpxtxcaAnhingclivimuncangiPhp.
S phn ca H Ch Minh nm trn hon cnh ca trt lnh trc xut c a ra ti Hng
Kng.NerontinrngnhngtiliutmctiachcaHcxemnhbngchng
trcxutngvThngHivitidanhtuyntruyncngsn.KhngnhngngiAnh
tmcbcthngtdangdlnnqucPhptrnmynhchcaH,hcntmc
nhngbcthchothyrngngngmtvaitrquantrngtrongvickchngphong
trocngsnti M Lai .Nhngmt scvn php lutca Anh nhn nhvvn ny
tronghscaVnPhngThucabinhrtmnhmchoquyncngdncabco.
ngkhnghviphmphpluttiHngKng,vvthldoduynhttrcxutngl
vicnglmtngicngsn.MtlutslWalterEllisvitrng:Tithyrngchngta
khngthbtbucngyphibtrcxutvngDngnhiuhnlnuchngtacchi
btbucmtcuquanchctrongchnhphSaHongphibtrcxutvmtnccngho
SVit.EllisgiithchrngnungiPhpcbngchngrngHviphmmtticth
dncthhnnaramtkhngnchnhthcdnng[5].
HkhngkhainhnbtctntuinongoiTngVnS(SungManChoND),tnny
c ghi trong h chiu Trung Quc m ng nhn c t Singapore. Nhng mu thun vi
vicngtnhnmnhlngiTrungQuc,ngsmvailmtngiqucgiachinu
cho nh vua v t nc vi bn n t hnh ang ch i ng ti Vit Nam. [6] Nh Dennis
Duncanson(hcgingiAnhND)chra,likhaibomuthunnycthlmtchin
thutbochadoQTCSxng[7].nthng71931ngcccvnlutphprtti
giitmtnhmlutsdoFrankLosebydnu,rrngylssptcatchcTr
Gip (International Red Aid, t chc cu tr ca QTCS ND). Nhng lut s ca ng lp
lun rng vic trc xut ng v Thng Hi cng chng khc g mt cuc dn tr hnh v
ng Dng [8]. (Trn thc t H Tng Mu v cc ng ch ca mnh b trc xut v
ThngHivocuithng6mkhngcmtsnhndinchnhthc.Hbbtlititgii
PhpvbavVitNam[9]).
Chin lc ca bn bo cha l i hi cho H quyn li ca mt t chnh tr chiu theo Sc
LnhTrcXuttrongchophpngcquynchnlaimivimnmtcchb
mt.Nuquynlinykhngcbom,bcosphnkhngqutrnhxtxbngmi
hnhthcvtintrnhcc,lutsJenkintuynbtrcto.
NhvndngchinlcnymvncaHkodimichonthng1/1933.Vic
huyngtonlclngcnhttrntonthgiihuthunchoivchngbnNoulens
cllmmingiquantmnhoncnhcaHnhiuhnlnungbbtmtmnh.
Tin tc bo ch cng cho thy ng cng gy n tng tt ti to bng vic pht biu bng
DinVvHoiAn
161
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
tingAnhmkhngcnphindchvbiulsthnhkhntrongvicchngminhrngng
mangttngqucgia.VnPhngThucarrnglcngmungiaongchongiPhp;
mtquanchcginglmttrongnhngkkchngtitnhtbbtvortrongcuc
rungbsaukhibtcLefranc(Ducroux)[11].SaukhitonAnhbcbyucubcoc
cquynHabeasCorpus(Quyncabcoyucunhchctrchichtvibcotrc
tovvicbbtgichpphphaykhngND),ngiPhpcngtintngrngcuicng
hsccngihmun.Ngy24thng81931SLimPhngtiHNinhinvo
Si Gn thng bo rng H Ch Minh s ri Hng Kng vo ngy 1 thng 9 trn chic tu
GeneralMetzingeriSiGn.HaicnhstngiPhpcgiaonhimvpgiiHvVit
Nam[12].Nhngchvingytrckhitrcxut,nhnglutscaHkhngnnU
BanXtXthucHingCMttiLondon.HchornglnhtrcxutHthkhngcgi
trdilutphpHngKng.Vthvongy23thng101931,ThKChnhPhthng
borngskhngclnhtrcxutchonkhihbitcktqukhngntHingC
Mt[13].Vthigiancnthitchunbchonhng hsphp l,phintophcthm
khngbtuchonthng111932.
TronglcySLimPhngbtuthcgicLmcThthuthpthngtincanhng
ngiVitbbttiQungChu,vcllinlcviH.SaukhiLPhngThun(LUng
Thun)cphngthchvocuithng81931vldoblngiTrungQuc,bntm
viTh.Vothng11ipvinPinot(tcLmcThND)borngnhnctintc
tHyucutrgiptrongvictrtdochonhngngiVitbbttiHngKngcngnh
gipthchinnhngcngviccangchonkhinhngnhhotngmitMoscow
n.HcbitmongmiTrngVnLnhcphngthchnmlyvicvnhnhng
tiTrungQuc,theoliLmcTh;clHcnglolngntnhtrngcaNguynTh
MinhKhai[14].Thtlllngkhinglinlcvimtngichimldinlcnycl
ngtinrngThkhngthlmtnhighnnavitnhhnhhotngcangb
phvthmhi.NhngslinlcnycldnnvicHbphbnhvcchhnhx
camnhsaukhicthra.Nhngnhngtipxcnydngnhkhngkodiclu.
TmtbocoThgivongy16thng51932tabitcrngThthuthptintcca
HmtcchgintipquavnphngcaLoseby.
ncuinm1931HChMinhcchuynvobnhvinccanhgc.Vothng12Hong
ThnCnggithchongkhinghetinngangbbnhnng.HongThngi300
Yntrvinphchongvkhuynngnngignsckhovlichcancnh[15].
(Vo thi im ny nhng ngi cng sn Vit Nam nh L Hng Sn vn gi quan h vi
Cng , c l ch hon ton v l do thc dng v ti chnh [16]). Vic Dennis Duncanson
khngnhrngHkhngbbnhtrongthigianbgiamcmrrnglkhngchnhxc[17].
Nhchngtathy,Htngnirngngbbnhlaophirtnngvothng91930;vin
lnhsPhptiHngKnglSoulangeTeissiervonm1932xcnhntrongmtbcth
gichobtrngbngoigiaorngngbmcchnglaophitrongtnhtrngchmpht
trinvcthchac.Vomah1932tintcbochvmtngiVitNamnhb,c
thnthbsuynhc v laolc vtinhthncamtlnhtbtuxuthin[18].Sauny
DinVvHoiAn
162
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
truyn thng cng sn loan bo rng H cht v lao phi vo thng 8 1932 [19]. Nhng
ngiPhpkhngtinvonhngbocony.LnhsquncahtiHngKngcp
nhtchonhcmquyntiHNinhngbcicaHtrongnlcrikhimnhtthuc
acaAnh[20].
Vicraicangcuicngxyravocuithng1/1933,saumtlnbnhch.Ngy27
thng61932khngconHingCMtcrtlikhilutscaHngvilut
scachnhquynHngKngvnhngiukhonmitrongvictrcxutng.Cuicng
HcalnmtchictuiSingaporevnyvongy6thng11933.Nhngnh
chctrchvngeobinMalaccakhngchongliy,vthngbgivliHng
Kng v b bt li khi va ln b vo ngy 19 thng 1. Ton quyn Hng Kng l William
Peel quyt nh khng p dng n t 1 nm dnh cho nhng di dn bt hp php; ng cng
khngchuthngbochoTeissiervchititcachuynkhihnhthhaicaH.[21]Lnny
LosebythuytphcchnhquynnnngvaitrtchcchntrongqutrnhgipHi
nnimngtquynlachn.ChnhPeelgiithchtrongthngipcamnhrngng
thu xp H p mt chic thuyn dn s ln chic tu An Huy ang b neo ngoi
cngHngKngvongy22thng1[22].
Lntrn/nhnglnsngcchmngmi
HiSnucngvivinthkcaLosebydivbclmtngiTrungQucgiuc
tnlLung[23].Vothiimnycanm1933nhngngicngsnVitNamvnchati
lplinlcchnhthcviCSTrungQucv,theoiulcanguyntccchmng,mtng
vinvarakhitthbnghimcmkhngcquayvnhngaimmngiythng
luititrckhibbt.VvyclHvnphitiptcgidnglmtthnggiagiucvn
dt ti Sn uchonthngsau.Nhng ngiVitvncnlntrn hoc nh NguynTh
MinhKhai,vacphngthch,phitriquakhongcuinm1932vgntrnnm1933
tmcchphchimnglilinlccah.iucaynglnhngthnhvintncncaH
tiHngKngnhLHngSnvMinhKhaicngnhnhngngitMoscowvnhTrn
NgcDanh,emcaTrnPh,bnghingkhitmcchlinlcviCSTrungQuctrong
nm1932.
MtngvinngiVitvncngilinlcviCSTrungQuctiThngHilTrng
Phct,mt thmytu gcPhanRangsmgia nhpthnh phn DCStiSi Gn
vonm1929.SaukhivtngctiSiGnvnHngKngvonm1931,ngcng
ciNgahctp.NhngngvhaibnnghnhbchnlitibingiiMnChu,
vvyngphiquayvThngHi.TiyubanqunstnhGiangT(JiangSuND)
thucCS TrungQucgiaochong nhimvtilplinlcvinhng qunnhnngi
PhpvVitNam;nhnguminybcttkhinhngtuyntruynvinngiVitb
btvomah1931.Vthngianm1932TrngPhctcyucubomcho
nhngVitnThngHixinCSTrungQucgipvtrgiptinbc.TrnNgc
DinVvHoiAn
163
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
DanhyucungnschhtrchocngoncanhngytngiVitmngtchc
vinhngthnhphnccaThanhNintiHngKng.ngvMinhKhaitmcchtithit
hthnglinlccaCSngDngtiyvisgipcamtsthuth.Mtsbo
co ca Php cho rng lc y b ang l v l ca ng. L Hng Sn ang d nh quay v
Xim,nimnghyvngstitchcUBanTrungngCSngDng.Nhngngi
VitquitpvThngHiquytnhgitiXimhotngcngviLHngSn.V
khng hilng viquytnhny,Trng Phc tphhoinhngdn cahbng
cchcobuchcnhnghnhvitiutsn(vdnhthukhchsnhinicthang
my)trongbococanggichoUBanTrungngCSTrungQuc.Hnthna,ng
khngnhnnhnlcquenbitbtcaitronghtrckhihnThngHi.Cuicngton
ngiVitvi5thnhvinphicmcqunocamnhtrtinkhchsnvchiph
nNamKinh(NanJingND),nihcthdadmvolnghiukhchcaHHcLm.
[24] Chng ta khng bit c rng s kin ny phn nh mi cng thng lin tc gia
nhng thnh phn DCS v ANCS c trong CS hay n gin ch l mt trng hp hai
mang.TrnNgcDanhvLHngSnrtcucbbtvongy25thng91932.TrngPhc
t b bt vo thng 4 1933. [25] n thng 3 Minh Khai quay v Hng Kng lin lc vi
nhngngiVittiNamKinh[26].
Mt ch im cho Php ti Thi Lan ni rng H Ch Minh ln trn ti khu vc Nakhon
Phanomtuthng11933,nhngsaunyctitllnhmngi.[27]Vothng91933
mtchimchoPhpkhcnirngphthinHangsngtiNamNinh(NanNingND)
cngvimtnhmnhngiVit.MtvMarianirngtrongs4ngiVitNamang
sngtis78ngCauSongKaicmtngigingvinhchpHChMinh.Ngich
im ny cng nhc n 3 ph n cng vi hai b gi v mt b trai cng ang sng chung
trongnginhny.HccholangdngtnLSnhSng(ngiL)[28].
Nhng L Hng Phong, trong gn trn nm 1933 ang sng ti Nam Ninh v Long Chu,
khnghnhcnviclinlcviHkhingbocochoQTCSvothng11935.Phongd
nhlnmnngcdgpnhngcsngiVittiXimkhingnBangkokvothng2
1932trnngvtMoscowvParis.Nhngnhnthymnhangbcnhsttheodicht
ch,ngtbdnhny10ngysauvnthng4nginQungChuvNam
Ninh.NiyngbtutithitchiungtitnhbingiiCaoBngcngnhthnhlp
nhng t ng ti Lng Sn. ng tuyn truyn nhng hc vin ti hc vin qun s Nam
Ninh,nimt1925trthnhnguncungcpthnhvincngsnmi.Vothng81933
nggpnhngngibnhcclHHuyTpvNguynVnDttiQungChu,vn
thng61934hthnhlpmtPhnBHiNgoiqunlnhngcngviccangcho
nkhimtUBanTrungngqucnicthnhlp[29].
NuHChMinhlntrntiNamNinh,tacthchcchnrngngriitthng9.V
vocuithng91933mtngiquenccangtCSPhplPaulVaillantCouturiercmt
ti Thng Hi tham gia Hi Ngh Phn Chin Chu. Sau ny H ni rng chnh
VaillantCouturiergipngquayvliMoscowbngcchchonggpnhngidinS
DinVvHoiAn
164
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
VitThngHi.[30](Lin BangSVit tilpquan h ngoigiao viTrung Qucvo

cuinm1932;vtnistrnhunhimthtiThngHivongy2thng51933.]
Hinghtrnctchcbmttimtcnnhringvongy30thng9.idinngi
PhpnybocorngnhngngithamdbaogmLordMarley,VaillantCouturier,mt
bcstnMarteaux,nhbongiMHaroldIsaacs,mtidinSVitv50ngiTrung
QuctrongcbTnDtTin[31].MtsnhnvttrnlthnhvincaocpcaLinon
Phn ti Berlin. H Ch Minh c th trnh xa cuc hp ny, nhng dng nh Harold
IsaacsnhnHtronggiaionnylngibnrtccatiThngHi[32].Tach
cthphngonvicHcquanhmtthitnhthnoviTngKhnhLinh(SongJing
LingND),gophcaTnDtTin.Nhngkhngcldogphnbclichuynngk
rngnglinlcviVaillantCouturierbngcchnnhcabdivbccamtngi
TrungQucgiucachobmtbcth.
nthigiannycanm1933,khiHChMinhbtuthokhochquayliMoscow,
nhng ngi cnh t Vit Nam li mt ln na khuy ng phong tro. Nhng sinh vin cp
tinquayvtPhpbiultinhthnchngiquynlclintccadnchngSiGn
bng vic thng hai gh hi ng thnh ph trong cuc bu c vo cui thng 4 u thng 5.
Mc dvic cc ca Nguyn Vn To,mtthnh vin ca CS ng Dngv TrnVn
Thch,mtngiTrotskyist,bhubvothng8,thnglibanucahgiphng
ti vic thnh lp mt trn La Lutte gia nhng ngi Trotskyist v CS ng Dng trong
tnglai(tronggianm1934].[33]TrnVnGiu,hcvintiHcStalinquayvli
NamVitNamvounm1933thnhlpliCSngDngtheonglivchrabi
CngLnhHnhng1932cptinmnggipsonthotiMoscow[34].Nhngthnh
vin CS ng Dng ti Xim cng nh nhng ngi Vit l ng vin CS Xim cng
tch cc ng h vic hi sinh CS ng Dng qua U Ban Cu Tr ng Dng [35]. Ch
nghachngquc,theonhnghacaGiaionThBatrthnhmtbiutngca
tinhthnonktvsntrntonthgii,trongkhichnghaqucgiaccholmtkhi
nimlithi.DanielHremy(nhshcPhpND)nhnnhrngtrongsut21thngxut
bn,nthng61936,tboLaLutte(uTranhND)chnhcnchtrngqucgia
caVitNamtrongvnvn20bivit,vthngvinidungchtrchchnghayunct
sn.[36]NhngtronghinghChngPhtXtvChinTranhctchctirphtKhnh
Hi,SiGnvongy11thng81933ctrn600ngithamd,theomtbococaPhp,
vthuhtnhiutnglpccnhcchmngkhcnhautDngVnGiovTrnhHng
NguclinhvingLpHin,nNguynVnTovTrnVnThch.VaillantCouturier
thamdhinghtrntrckhiinThngHi,vcnngnhithoannghnhkhi
ngtngthutlinhnghotngtiParisnhmnghnhngtnhnchnhtrVitNam
angbnthnh[37].TThuThu,anglmtthnhvintchcccaLinonPhnti
chu u, c th ng vai tr t chc hi ngh ny. Nhng ngi Php li cho rng nhng
hotng chnh tr hpphp ca NguynVnTo vTrnVnThch clin hn vic
TrnVnGiuquaytrliVitNam[38].
DinVvHoiAn
165
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
McdsphihptonbcaQTCSchochnhschctuchnhvmttrnthngnht
khngraichoniHiLn7vonm1935,nhngvonm1933tacthnhnthymt
bclitrongchthuytccoanvgiaicpchngligiaicpcaravonm1929.
QuynlccangQucXtictrthnhmtnhntquantrngcnphiquantm,
trongkhinhnghnhthicachnghaquctichutrthnhmtmiedongy
cnglniviLinBangSVitvnhngngicngsnTrungQuc.OttoBraun(Cvn
caCSTrungQucND)nirngvothng11933BanChpHnhQuctCngSna
ramtnghquytthanhnviccnthitphionktutranhchngNhtcngvibtc
tchchocquniTrungQucnocthchmdtnhngtncngvonhngkhuvcca
LinBangSVit[39].MtvnbncaQTCSxuthinvothng71933kugicngsnn
v ng Dng nn quay li vi chin lc Leninist trong nhn mnh vic u tranh
ginhclpdntclntrnnhngmctiucchmngxhichngha.Vnbnnytrc
ycngbngtingAnhtrntboPanPacificWorker,nmdidngmtlotcu
hivtrlicaOrgwald,cnhndintrongtiliucaQTCSlnhnvtBolshevikk
cuOsipPiatnitsky,ngitngnguVnPhngTChcyquantrngtrongQTCS
t gia i Hi Ln 5 v Ln 7 (192435). Khng c g ngc nhin khi vo gia nm 1933, s
thngtincaHitlerkhinmtsngiBolshevikphitithmnhquanimcahv
ch ngha dn tc v mt trn thng nht.Orgwald c vn trong vn bn trn rng trong
thiimhinti,skhngkhnngoanlmnuaralikugiltgiaicptsn,vn
stonnsxacchgiatnglpnngdnvgiitiutsnthnhth.Mtmttrnthng
nhtvinhngngphiqucgiacthchpnhncnunitheonguyntccngnhau
chinunhnghnhqunringr.[40]TiliunykhngcxutbnbngtingPhp
chon nm1934 vta khng c bngchnggv vic n cxutbnbngtingVit c.
iu ny mu thun vi ng li chnh sch c nhng ngi ch cht ca CS ng
DngnhTrnVnGiuvHHuyTpemvtMoscow.Schiargiangliu
tranhgiaicpcaThiKThBavchinlcmiangctholunvonm1933str
thnhchngngivtchovichpnhtCSngDng.
BngchngcavicchiarnycththyctrongmtbcthdicaUBanTrungng
CSTrungQucginnhngngicngsnngDngvothng81934.NcQTCS
phchunnhlmtchthchnhtr.(Chonthng31935,VeraVasilieva,ngiangiu
hnhbphnngDngcaQTCS,nhcnntrongnhngthtviVnPhngHi
NgoiCSngDngnhlmttiliuchranhngcngtccbnmccngchphi
hon ton ch trong thi im hin ti [41]). Rt c th bc th ny c son tho t
MoscowvishuthuncanhngthnhvinngiTrungQuctrongUBanTrungng
QTCS,dnubiVngMinh(WangMingND).Trongkhinkugivicthnhlpmtt
bohpphpvvictndngnhngbinphptchchpphpcthc,ncnga
ramttnhiucnhbomnhmchnglivichptcvinhngngidnchxhivt
sndntc.Nnhcnthtbicacuckhinghatiotrongnm1934nhlmtvd
canhngnhhngphnbicathnhphndnchxhi.Mcdbcththanhn
rngcnhiuthnhvincagiaicptsnngDngangsnsngutranhchngli
DinVvHoiAn
166
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
qucPhp,giacpcngnhnvnngdnkhngcqunrngthnhphntsndntc
chkvhnhphnbiphongtro193031.Trongtnhtrngbtmnchungangdng
cao trong nc, thnh phn dn tc cch tn s lun tm cch chim ly quyn lnh o ca
phongtroqunchngrischtun,bcthvit.ychnhlvsaochngtaphi
lintcvchmtttcnhngtchcvngphidntccchtn,chodchngnpsaubt
knhngkhuhiuthintno...[42]
L th t Trung Quc ny c th c hiu nh mt n lc t mt s nhn vt lnh o ti
QTCSiuvivicCSPhpquytnhhptcvingXHiPhp,quytnhny
caratimtcuchpcaUBanTrungngCSPhpvongy14v15thng3
1934.[43]LinlcccaHChMinhlJacquesDoriotlmttrongnhngnginghmnh
mnhtchomigiaohovinhngngixhiPhp.NhngtiSiGn,nikhngcng
xhi,mttrnthngnhtcanhngngicnhtcngchlmtnlchptcgianhng
ngitheokhuynhhngcaMoscowvthnhphncngsnTrotskyist.Tbocamttrn
LaLuttecchnhthcraisaucuchpvothng91934doNguynAnNinhtchc.
y l mt lin hip nhm chng li chnh quyn thuc a v ng Lp Hin, vi khuynh
hngvsnmnhm[44].
VliMoscow
HChMinhkhngvnMosow,theolicanglmichonthng71934[45].Khng
c thng tin g v vic ng sng nh th no trong giai on gia ma thu 1933 cho n
nhngthngucanm1934.MoscowmngquaylithkhcxanhiuviMoscowm
ngbittrong giaion 19234vmtthigian ngn canm1927.Nkhngcnl mt
thnhphxoayvnmtcchtdocaChnhSchKinhTMi(NewEconomicPolicy,hoc
NEPND)mngchngkintronglnuny;ncngkhngcnlmtthtrn
ykhngkhchnhtr,ninhngtrnchincuicngnhmginhquynkimsotngS
Vitspsaxyratrongnm1927.ChnghasngbicnhncaStalincngnhvicng
kimsotttcmicquanSVitangtoramtkhngkhchnhtrychtchccbao
phbitnhhoangtngvmttmlclpivithgiibnngoi.
nnm1930nhngcucthanhlctrongnhnghcvinQTCSnhTrngTnDtTin,b
ngcatrongnmy,viHcQucTLenintrthnhmtcimtrongsinhhot
ca QTCS. Mt cuc thanh lc i vi b phn ting Php trong i Hc Lenin, ni H Ch
Minhstheohcvothng101934,ctchcvothng101933,doAndrMartythuc
Ban B Th khu vc ni ting Romance ch to. Mt bi vit ca mt sinh vin vi bt danh
Brtanearamtskinvnhngyucucanhngcucthanhlcny.Ngayci
vi nhng ngi cha tng phm phi sai lm chnh tr hoc khng b ng e do trc xut
cngphibbtbuctchtrch.TrongbivitvinhanThanhlcnhlmtYut
BolshevikhoBretanevit:iuquantrnglcnphibynhngyuimcnstliloi
bchng.Chngta cththycquanhngllchkhcnhau rngnmdiyca
DinVvHoiAn
167
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
nhngyuimnylgcgcxhivnhngnhhngngoiqucindutrnngikhi
anhtahotngncngoi[46]YelenaBonner(nhhotngnhnquynNgaND),c
chaklGevorkAlikhanovlmtvinchccaocptrongBCCucaQTCS,chngkin
t sau bc mn trong cn h nh mnh ti khch sn Lux vic cha k ca b v nhng ngi
khckhaibottngvtitlnhngbmtringtnhtcamnh,thmchnnhngquan
htnhcmtrongqukhvnhngaconri[47].
KhiHChMinhxuthinvomahnm1934,cldotinrngngnghmnhangl
itngcamtcuciutranoy.CongicaVeraVasilieva,lcyc10tui,nh
rngngthngngtrnchicghtrngktrongnginhgmgianhcangsngti
trungtmMoscow,dngnhngangcgithpdanhphncamnh[48].NichocngH
linquannhnglotnhngvbtbdnntnthtnngnchoPhnBVinng
ln CS Trung Quc trong nm 1931. Vasilieva, mt ngi ngy th v c l l mt ngi
Bolshevikthiuuctngtng,tngcbitnlbovnhngbnbbtcov
nhngtidanhchnhtrcngnhngichngcablMarkZorky[49].Nhngtakhngtm
thynhngtiliuvnhngkhkhnchnhtrcaHtronghscaQTCSchonkhii
HiLn7spxyravonmsau.ngnhclitrongbncuhitiuscamnhrngng
triquavithngphchicnbnhcamnhtivngCrimeatrongnm1934,sautheohc
tiiHcLeninvothng10[50].VolcynglngingDngduynhtghidanhti
trngny,mcdQTCSdnhthunhn12hcvinngDngvomtkhohcngn
hntronghck19356[51].Khngcduhiuchothyrngcngitheohc.Trngny
lcycvgimcKirsanovamiutlltiluynduynhtchonhngthnhphnch
cht ca QTCS [52]. v c xem l hc vin o to nhng lnh o cng sn nc ngoi.
Nhng nhng phn t b tht sng trong thnh phn lnh o nh L Lp Tam v H cng
cginy.Thctl(cbitltrongtrnghpcaLLpTam)htngphcv
tronghngngcaocpcangmnhvcthtrngiclmvictrongBanChp
HnhQTCSnudanhphncahcvnton.
Vongy1thng121934,khivicchunbchoiHiLn7btu,SergeiKirov,bthng
U Leningradbbtcht trongvnphngca mnh tiHcVinSmolny.Vicsthi ny
gipStalincldodbtumtcucrungbnhngkthcatnc[53].Trongthik
bnhminhcaMtTrnBnhDnthmttnpmiivinhngkthchnhtrctht
haytngtngcaStalincngangbtu.Vongy8thng12khi3ibiuiHic
CSngDnggivanMoscow,mtcnkhnghongnhnratiiHcStalin.
VCcThngTinQucTkhngranhtinhga,banginyphittmnkhch
snmnhngngiVitangvicnycxemlsaisttrongkthuthotngngm.
Cbangilmbocovvicnyl:VeraVasilieva,KotelnikovthucBanBThPhng
ng,vKanSin(KhangSinhND),vtrcanginykhngcghitrongbococa
ng[54].
BaibiungiVitlLHngPhong,thnhvinchchtcaBanChHuyHiNgoi;mt
thnhvindntcTytnlHongVnNn;vNguynThMinhKhai,cnhcntrong
DinVvHoiAn
168
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
bcthcaHHuyTpgichoQTCSlvcaQuc.Hcngcphncnglmibiu
ihithinghCSngDnghpvothng31935.[55]TrongbnkhaillchmMinh
Khaiinsaukhinni,bvitrngblpgianhvchobittncachngmnhl
Lin,bdanhminhtcaH[56].iunychothygiahaingikhngnginchlmt
quan h thong qua mc d ngi Php nghi ng rng b ang l tnh nhn ca Trn Ngc
Danh[57](dthHChMinhkhngbaoginhcnvmnhtrongbtcntchnhthc
nocangtrongQTCS].TiMoscow,MinhKhailytnlPhanLan.
Tgiathng121934ncuithng31935cmtsbocovtnhhnhcaCSng
Dng c gi t Vit Nam n Moscow. Ngoi ra L Hng Phong cng vit mt bn
tngtrnhdibngtingNgavnhnghotngcamnhtkhingquayvngNam
vothng21932.[58]Hvitnhngph bnhringcamnhivisthtbicaCS
ng Dng trong thi k cao tro cch mng 19301 [59]. (Chc chn rng ng vit v
nhng hotng khc ca mnhtrongthigian 19304, nhng khngctmthytrong
vnkhcaQTCS3).VinglicaQTCShinangquayligingnhtrongthik1924
7,rrnglHcmthyantonkhilntingphbnhvicCSngDngnhnchung
c nhn thc t tng thp, v c bit l vic a s cc ng ch ngay c nhng ngi
lnhokhngquntritnghacacuccchmngtsndntc.[...]Hlpilpli
nhngtngmkhnghiucnghacachng,ngvit,vthngxuynbsailm
trongnhnghotngtuyntruynvkhchngcamnh.ngcngphphnphng
php cng nhc trong vic o to cng nhn t chc nh cng m khng c khuyn
khchtmnhquytnhdatrnphtxtcahvtnhhnhthct.ngcngchrami
nguyhimvvicnhngcngnhncavonhngbphnlnhocangthlun
t cho php mnh b nh hng bi nhng phn t tr thc v nhng ngi ny c ht
nhngiutrongschvvnhngluncng.iunyxyratronggiaion19301,
ngni,khinhngngchcatalnhngthnhvinlntuivckinhnghim.Hinnay,
ashochuhtnhngngchnyangthocbgitcht.Nhngngchhinnayth
trvtkinhnghimhnvdosphmphisailmnhiuhn.
Phngnkhcphcmngaralvicxutbnnhngvnkinngnbngngnngbnh
dnvinhngchbtutTuynNgnCngSnvlchscaQTCS,rinvn
dntcvvnnngdn,vktthcviphngphptchcmtmttrnthngnht
vluncngvnghquytcaQTCSvvnthuca.nghccchtrchdnlica
StalinnglcStalinthnghnlnng,HvitkhingniHcthuytgipchocc
ngch...scmnhcangli,srrngtrongquanim,lngtinvocngviccahv
nimtintngvochinthngcachnhngha[60].TacthginhrngHbitrng
hc thuyt ton thng trn thay i t 19289, nhng khn ngoan khng a ra
trongbivit.PhongcchvalgingvinvalhcvincangtiiHcStalinmchng
tasthy,chothyrngdngnhngkhngtipthungligingdylthuytca
Moscowmtcchnghimtc.
DinVvHoiAn
169
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
BococaLHngPhongvnhnghotngcamnhtcuinm1931nkhingquay
liMoscowvocuinm1934lmtbocodatrndkin,gnnhlmtlitkvnhng
thnhcngvthtbichnhtrcang.TrongkhinhngbococaHHuyTp(ctnl
SinitchkinMoscow)givMoscowtgiathng121934vthng41935limangmtging
iuhontonkhchn[61].Nhngboconychothyngbtumnhnmtvaitr
tchcc,thmchconhntrongvicxydngCSngDngsaukhiLHngPhong
quayliMoscow.LmtngigyguccbitvibdanhlKhtSiGnvngLn
TrungQuc,HHuyTpdngnhquaylichuvistintnghontoncaQTCS
vogianm1933.MtbococaSLimPhngcpnngnhlmtrenifluer,tcl
kkhtmihocchsn,clllytbdanhcang[62].Volcynglngiduy
nhttrongBanChHuyHiNgoicQTCStintnggiaochochakhogiimnhng
mtthbnginiangcbtusdnglinlctrongnhngnm19345.[63]Ni
mnhvanninhdylntrongQTCStvmstKirovlmchogungmytiMoscow
hilngvimtngicthinhngnhHHuyTpsonthonhngbocoviy
chitit.Hnna,iviBanBThngPhng,anninhtrthnhmiquantmchyu
sau khi Phn B Thng Hi ca CS Trung Quc b ph hu vo thng 12 1934. Vo lc y
QTCS b mt mi lin lc bng in i duy nht vi CS Trung Quc, lc y ang trong
giaqutrnhcacucVnLTrngChinh.(SauCSngDngclnhcttmi
linliviCSTrungQucvLnhSQunSVittiThngHi[64]).Trongmitrng
hp, H Huy Tp ni bt nh l ngi t co Trn Vn Giu, H Ch Minh v mt s
nhngthnh vinkhc caCS ngDng baogmcmttrongnhng i din migii
caHlNguynVnTram(CaoVnBnh)[65].TronggiaionchunbchoiHiLn7
(banucdnhstchcvonm1934,ridinthng31935vcuicngckhai
mcvothng7)clHChMinhlngibnghingnhiunht.
HiNghCSngDngtngy2731thng3tiMacaothngquanghquytchnhtr
di30trangvburamtUBanTrungngmi,chophpHHuyTpnmquynCS
ngDngtrongthigianLHngPhongvngmt.iumhinghkhnglmlphn
nhnhngtroluthayitiMoscowmmichoniHiLn7QTCSvomahmi
cgiithchrrng.Vocuinm1934Tpbocorngngckhong600thnhvin
baogmcnhngngiangLovCamBt[66].MibangicmtthamgiaHi
Ngh,ngni.HiNghburaUBanTrungngngubiLHngPhongangvng
mt,trongc8cngnhn,mtbnnngngidntcTy,batrthcvmtthnhvint
ngAnNamc(khngrnghnghip)angclachn[67].HChMinhnmvtrth
13nhlmtthnhvindb.NhnghcvintiMoscowtrongUBanTrungnggmc
cngnhnDinTan(TrnVnDim),nguxuBcK;vSvan(NguynVnDt),
lcyangnguLinUtiNamK.HHuyTpgichomnhmtvtrtrongBanCh
HuyHiNgoi,lcyangcquynrahngdnchnhtrchoUBanTrungng[68].
cuibnbocovHiNgh,TparavncaHChMinh.ngnirngHiNgh
phncngngChLinlmibiucaCSngDngtiQTCS.Nhngtrongkhi
nglivit:
DinVvHoiAn
170
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Cc t chc cng sn ti Xim v ng Dng ang thc hin mt cuc u tranh cng khai
chnglinhngtndcattngcchmngdntcphalnchnghacchtnvchngha
duytmcaThanhNinHivcangChNguyniQuc.Nhngtndnyvncnrt
mnhvtrthnhmttrnginghimtrngivicngcucphttrincachnghacng
sn.CucutranhkhngkhoannhngchnglinhngttngchicaQucvThanh
Ninlthtscnthit.HaingutiXimvngDngsranhngvnbnchngli
nhng khuynh hng ny. Chng ti ngh ng Ch Lin nn tho mt vn bn t kim
imbnthnvnhngthtbicamnhtrongqukh[69]
ncuithng41935HHuyTpcmthyctrchnhimphilmvicphbnhrrnghn.
Trongimcuicngcabcthvittaydi4trangbngtingPhptrongcpnmt
strnghpbnghingcsphnbitrongCSngDng,ngbocoviBanBTh
ngPhngrngmtsibiutiHiNghMacaotholunvtrchnhimcaHv
trongvicbtbcatrn100cuthnhvincaThanhNincototiQungChu.Tp
litknhngldonhsau:
(a)QucbitrngLmcThlmtkkhiukhch,nhngvntiptcsdngngta;(b)
Qucphmsailmkhiihimihcvinhaibcnh,tntht,ach,tncham,ngb
ningoivngbc...(c)trongnc,tiXimvtrongt,hvntiptcnivtrchnhim
caQuc,mttrchnhimmngkhngthchibc;(d)nhngbcnhdoQucvLm
ihigiyangnmtrongtaycacnhst;(e)dndnkhinglicangtrnnr
rnghnivingvinvqunchng,hphphnmnhmhnchnhschmngCh
Quctheoui.TngbthcaCSXim,tnglngihctrthunthnhcaQuc,lmt
trongnhngnginirngtrcnm1930,Quckhngphilmtngicngsn!!![70]
Khi tr li cho xut ca CS ng Dng v vic H tr thnh i din ca h ti QTCS,
Vasilieva khng nh l khng. Quc cn phi hc tp nghim tc trong hai nm ti v s
khngthnhnbtc cngvicgkhc,bgiithch;saukhinghcxongchngtisc
nhngdnhcbitsdngngy[71].Takhngbitrngbnhnclitgic
vothng4khibvitnhngnhnnhtrn.Dsaobcththng4rrnglnhhng
n vai tr ca H ti i Hi Ln 7. Trong mt danh sch i biu i Hi, v tnh cht bt
buccan,aivitcnphiloibbncnhtncaH[72].asnhngdanhsch
ibiuiHichothyc3ibiutngDng,mtngitronghlphncba
ngiuctonquynbuc.HaiibiuXimchcquynbuvitcchthamvn
(soveshchatelniiegolosy),trongquinhcngsniunycnghalphiubucahkhng
ctnh[73].NhngdngnhHcngkhngnhnccquynny.Tacthborng
ngcarakhichngtrnhcngkhaicaiHigibmt,nhngtacngthc
mc rng ti sao nhng ngi Vit khc, sau ny s quay li hot ng chnh tr ti ng
Dng,licgiaochonhngchcvcngkhai.
NucmtubanclpraiutranhngcobucminhtiviH,thchchn
nxyratrciHi7.VnhngthiustvanninhccnhbotvicKirovbmu
st,srtlkhhiunukhngcmtbinphpnocthchin.Mtnguntinc
DinVvHoiAn
171
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
bit nhiu nm sau t mt nhn vin ca B Quc T thuc U Ban Trung ng S vit l
Anatoly Voronin cho bit rng H b iu tra bi b ba Dmitry Manuilsky, Khang Sinh v
VeraVailieva.Theonguntinny,MauilskygivtrtrunglptrongkhiKhangSinhmun
Hbxthnh.Vasilievaccholbovngtrncsrngnhngsailmcangv
nhngbinphpanninhxyraldothiukinhnghim[74].Vonm1935ckhnngl
KhangSinhnghHbtrcxutrakhinghnlthnh,nungtinrngHcmt
phnlitrongnhngbtbvonm1931.Nhngvkhngcnhngtiliulmbngchng
m rt c th vn cn c giu kn trong tng th ca KGB, chng ta khng th bit c
nhngtgiccaHHuyTpcxlnghimtrngnmcno.Bnthnnhng
ngicngsnVitNambitrtrrngngcahbSLimPhongthmnhp.Vo
cuinm1934,HHuyTpgimtdanhschnMoscowtrongngphntchhsca
37hcvinngiVitriMoscowichuhocPhp.Trongsnyc12ngiclit
vodngphnbihockhiukhch.Chc10ngiccholnhngnhcchmngchuyn
chnh[75].
cvitiasnghmtrongvicQTCSxlnhngtrnghpnhcaHquabococa
JosephDucrouxvvicngbixtiMoscowkhingquaylivothng11934.Ducroux
vitvonm1970rngtrngCcThngTinQucTlAbromovquyttmquinguyn
nhn ng b bt ti Singapore l do li k thut ca Ducroux. Ducroux khng c i x
nhmtngihngtrvvchcphpntinhnchungcakhchsnLuxchkhng
cngicngvinhnglnhochnhtr.ngbtriutpnmtcuchptiBanChp
Hnh QTCS vi s c mt ca Manuilsky, Lozovsky, Piatnitsky v Bela Kun. Manuilsky
cngkchngddi,yucukhaitrngrakhing.Lozovskytvthngcmhnvi
iu kin kh khn m ng phi i ph. Sau hai ngy ng c bo rng ng c th li
MoscowlmcngvicthngdchchottinQuctCngSn.Nhngthayvth,Ducroux
yucucgivPhp.Yucunycthngquanhngngbcmkhngcnhn
btcnhimvgclinquannUBanTrungngCSPhp.[76]HChMinhcnglm
vo hon cnh tng t l b tch ri khi nhng hot ng lin quan n nhng quyt nh
chnhtr.Hcngp phimt phctp khcdo c linh vi nhng hot ngcaCS
TrungQuc,cthltrongthikkhkhncanm1930.CkhnnglKhangSinhc
onhnvingvngtnglngibitrvaitrcaKhangSinhtrongthikhngthnhca
L Lp Tam, hoc bit v nhng tht bi ca ng trong t chc an ninh c bit vo nm
1933.SaukhiKirovbmst,KhangSinhccholbtuhhomtcucthanhtrng
mitrongnibngTrungQuctiMoscow[77].Nhngmtlnna,vkhngctiliulm
bng chng nn ta khng th kt lun mt cch chc chn v mi quan h gia H v Khang
Sinh.
iHiQuctCngSnLn7
i Hi Ln 7 QTCS cui cng cng c khai mc vo ngy 25 thng 7 1935. N t
csnhttrchmtrvvicnghmtlinminhvithnhphnxhidnchcnht
DinVvHoiAn
172
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
trongcucchinuchnglichnghaphtxttichuu.Snhttrnycchunb
t m t gia nm 1934, khi CS Php ng thc hin hnh ng chung vi ng X Hi
Phpchngchnghaphtxt.Dngnhcrttnhngtholunsinivnhngngh
quytiHicthngquathanhchng.SscsichnhtrcaiHi6,khictnh
caGiaonThBavnhngnhhngcachnghathcdnbxob,thgiy
angcgiilnhoQTCScnthnchuynhng.Trongschuynhngmrrngl
doGeorgyDimitrovchtrngtrongthng71934,QTCSchophpccngcngsnc
tdohntrongphngschringcamnh,nhngcnglcyhcngcchtngungmy
camnhvxydngmtmilinhmtthitgiathnhphnlnhoQTCSvBChnh
TrCSLinX.[78]QTCSangribchnghaccoancanm1929vHiNghTh10
BanChpHnhQTCS,khinhngchinlcccoancaratiMoscowmkhngmng
gnnhngiukintiaphngtrongphongtrocngsnthgii.Dimitrovnhnmnh
viccnthitphitnhnnhngiukinctrngtinhngaimkhcnhautrnth
gii v nhng pht trin khng ng u trong phong tro cng sn; khng th dng mt
ng hng c tiu chun ho thay th vic tm hiu cn k nhng quc gia khc
nhau[79].Nhngcnglcy,QTCSvntiptctrgipnhngngthnhvintrongvico
tonhng lnh o Bolshevikthcth[80]. Dimitrov clthuytphcc Stalin chp
thunnhnggxyratiPhpvTrungQuc,niccngangaranhngquytnh
phhpviiukinchnhtrcamnh,bngcchngthuntngmckimsotcanh
lnhoSVitnytihngngticaocaQTCS.
Mt Ban B Th nh gn, cht ch ca Ban Chp Hnh QTCS c chn ra vo thng 8 1935
trongnhngthnhvinscbanbthringcamnhiukhinnhngnhmcacc
ngcngsn.Dimitrov,TngBThQTCS,chutrchnhimvCSTrungQuc,trongkhi
Vng Minh (Wang Min ND) chu trch nhim v cc ng ti khu vc Nam M v
Caribbe. Trch nhim v ng Dng nm trong tay ca ban b th ca Manuilsky, bao gm
nhng quc gia trc y trc thuc Ban B Th khu vc ni ting Romance v nhng thuc
a. V th trong hu ht giai on Mt Trn Bnh Dn, t nht l cho n ma thu nm 1937,
nhng ngi cng sn Vit Nam c quan h gn gi vi CS Php. Otto Kuusinen, mt
chuynvinvnhngvnn,phtrchccngcngsnNht,TriuTin,nv
Xim.PhilippinesnmdischocabanbthcaAndrMartyvngangmnhim
nhng cng vic ca nhng quc gia thuc ngn ng Anglophone v mt s thuc a ca
chng; H Lan v Nam Dng tr thnh b phn ca Ercoli (Togliatti) [81]. Nhng quyn li
canhngngvngngNamvthbphthucvonhngnhucucaccngtrong
nhngqucgiamuquc[82].
Vo nm1935, nh nhiutcginhnmnh, QTCS pt khinimca mtmttrn
thngnhtdatrnnhngchnhschcptincanhngnm1928v1929.Thiimtb
nhng mc tiu x hi, d l tm thi, vn cha n lc. McDermott v Agnew (Kevin
McDermott&JeremyAgnewsgiangiAnhND)vit:StngquanchtchcaStalin
vi nhng chic lc ca ban b th v nhng t tng ca Giai on Th Ba ngn chn
nhngnghincucnkvnhngkinhnghimcasunmvaqua.VththikMtTrn
DinVvHoiAn
173
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Bnh Dn c nh du bi mt cng thng khng c gii quyt gia truyn thng v

cchtn,giattngthahngvkhunkhtchcvnhngchtrngcanhngng
cngsngiaochinvinnttngcaphongtroxhidnch[83].Mongmunca
H Ch Minh, a ra vo thng 1 1935 v vic phn tch nhng tht bi ca giai on 19301
diquanimrngylmtshiulmvcuccchmngdnchtsn,cln
trcthigian.DimitrovnhnmnhtrongbocoiHicamnhrngmttrnthngnht
skhngaraduhiucavicquaylikhinimcahaigiaioncchmng.ngnis
sailmnuxemchnhquynlinminhchngphtxtlmtgiaiondnchtrunggiannm
giachuynchnhtsnvchuynchnhvsn.[84]VothiimnytiMoscowvncrt
tthngtinvcucVnLTrngChinh.VngMinhvnhngngilnhoTrungQuc
khcginhrngmthuynSVitangcthnhlptiTXuyn(SichuanND),trong
vngThnh(ChenduND)[85].WilhelmPieck(cuchtchCngHoDnChcND)
vntrchdnvicthnhlpcaphongtroSVittiTrungQucnhlmtskinnibt
trongphongtrocng snchu ktiHiLn6 QTCS[86].Nhng vsvngmtca
mthingcbitvnhngqucgiathucavbnthuca,iHiLn7khng
aramttnhiurrtchonhngthucacanhngqucgiaphngTy.
LHngPhonglngingNamduynhttrthnhthnhvincaBanChpHnhQTCS
trongihi1935.Vicnyanglnnganghngvinhngnhlnhohnguca
TrungQucnhMaoTrchng,ChunLai,TrngQucovVngMinh(KhangSinh
vBcC(BoGuND)trthnhuvindkhuyt)[87].Khingphtbiuvongytht
caiHi,dibdanhHiAn,PhongnhnmnhtmquantrngvkinhnghimcaTrung
QuciviVitNam.CchmngThngMiNgangvaitrquantrngtrongvicpht
trinphongtrocchmngtiVitNam,ngni.NhngchnhphongtroSVitthngliti
TrungQucngvaitrquytnh,ngnhnnh.Trongsutlchscangchngti,
CSTrungQucgipvhuthuncngnhchiaskinhnghimcah.[...]Tnhhuynh
thmthitgnchthaingchngti[88].Dth,tmquantrngthtscaphongtro
SVittiTrungQucivingDngrasaothkhngcnurtrongbiphtbiu
caHiAn.SaugiaionphttrintiacaCSngDngvonhngnm19301,ng
giithch,khngcngngoinhngtchccngsnclptiVitNam;nhngvothi
im hin ti phong tro ang pht trin trn mt c s rng ln hn so vi trong qu kh.
Tnglpdbitnhttrongdnchng,nhngthnhphnlchunhttrongtnglplaong,
nhngdntcthius(Mi,Th,Lov.v...),tnglpqunchngrngricatiutsn,tr
thcclikovocucutranh[89].Nhngngticrngnhngngchcamnh
khng ngh nvicthnh lpmt mttrnthng nht datrn mt mttrn phnrng
ri[90].
PhtbiucaNguynThMinhKhaitiiHivongy16thng8cngchothygiaion
trungchuynnhmvmtmttrnchngphtxt.Bphtbiuvvnchngchintranh
caratbococaErcolitiiHi.Bcprttnnhngvnphn,than
phinvconsnhnhoicaphintiiHi.Chchnhcablminguyhimngy
mtln cah thngqun sPhp tivng binThiBnh Dngvvic chuyn ho ng
DinVvHoiAn
174
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Dng thnh mt cn c qun s ca Php. Nhim v ca CS ng Dng v th cn phi

huyngtonblclngcamnhtothnhmtmttrnbnhdnrngritrongcuc
utranhvhobnh.McdLinXthothunviPhpvmthipchtrchung
vo thng 6 1934, CS ng Dng vn quyt tm vch mt nhng chnh sch ca quc
Php bng v d in hnh l ng Dng [91]. Ch sau khi Mt Trn Bnh Dn thng c ti
Phpvomaxun1936,CSngDngmithayischngicahivinlct
vcangiPhp.
Chng minh th ti i Hi 7 Quc t Cng Sn, 1935 ca Nguyn Th Minh Khai v L Hng
Phong,haitrongsbaibiucangDng.
DinVvHoiAn
175
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
BanChpHnhmicaQTCScbuchnvonm1935.
Hngng:(ttrisang)M.Moskvin,OttoKuusinen,KlementGottwald,WilhelmPieck,Dmitry
Manuilsky.Hngngi:(ttrisang)AndrMarty,G.Dimitrov,PalmiroTogliatti,V.Florin,Vng
Minh.
DinVvHoiAn
176
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
VeraVasilieva,lnhobphnngDngtiQTCS,ngiccholbovHChMinhkhi
ngbiutravonm1935.
DinVvHoiAn
177
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
HChMinhtrckhiriMoscowiTrungQucvonm1938.ungbcotrcclldovic
phinhpvin.
MtTrnThngNhttingDng
TrongvicphntchnhnghqucaiHiQTCSLn7,tacthlylmllvicthayi
chnhschvmttrnthngnhtkhngthayithivncaHChiMinhngaylptc.Ta
khng bit c Vasilieva nghgkhi b vitvdnhsdng ng tasauhainm hc
tpnhngtabitcrngHvnliMoscowsaukhiLHngPhongquayvlichu
vo nm 1936 vkhi MinhKhaivHongVnNnquay v vo nm1937.Mt muthca
VasilievagichoDmitryZaharovich(Manuilsky),chchnlcvitvocuinm1935
hocunm1936,xcnhnrngtiMoscow,LHngPhongangnmvaitrchotrong
vicvchranglichoCSngDngvolcy.Vailievavitrng,HiAnmuntham
khovnhngvnngDngvonhngngyti,vngtaphi(1)vitmtbcthcho
ng...v(2)cthsnhpvintrongvingy[92].TmthnhvincaQTCScmitham
d bui hi : Manuilsky, Kuusinen, Khang Sinh, Vng Minh, Stepanov, Gere, Mirov v
Vasilieva.cuidanhschnyVasilievaghichrnghaihcvinngingDngang
theo hc ti i Hc Stalin v ng Ch Lin (Aikvak) t i Hc Lenin cng c yu cu
thamd.[93]
Trongnm1936CSngDngthoramtsthvvnmttrnthngnhtting
Dng.BcthutinclcthotiMoscowsaucuchitrn.Mtbcthbngting
PhptPhnB ngDngthucLin onPhn ginCcngPhivPhnT
DinVvHoiAn
178
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
CchMngTrongNcvHiNgoi,ngy27thng21936cthtmctihsca
banbthcaManuilsky.Bcth kugitt cccngphi,tt c cc phntcchmng
trong nc v hi ngoi tham gia b phn ng Dng ca Lin on Phn on kt
phongtrogiiphngdntctingDng[94].MttiliukhcmangtnThMca
UBanTrungngCSngDngxuthinvothng4mtbnsaocanc
ginMoscowvcdchsangtingNgavongy6thng61936.Lthnhmvothnh
phn Vit Nam Quc Dn ng v tt c nhng t chc v ng phi cch mng dn tc,
nhng nhm phn , nhng t chc cch tn, nhng nhm i lp v nhng phn t cch
mngnltingDng[95].Bcthxngmtccuuynchuynchomtmttrn
thngnhttrongsgiaochocctchccngsnhtngquynquytnhnhnghotng
chungticpaphng.Lthnghrngnhngngphikhchoclnngianhpb
phnngDngcaLinonPhnhocmitchcnncramtviidintham
gia vo mt u ban iu phi. Ban Ch Huy Hi Ngoi ca CS ng Dng s chu trch
nhimtrongvictholunvinhngchinhnhhingoicanhngngphikhc[96].
Ta khng bit c ai l tc gi chnh thc ca bc th trn. Nhng vic n bao gm nhng
nhmcchtntronglikugichothymttrongnhngduhiucavicchuynhng
sang hnh thi chin lc mi ca mt trn thng nht ca CS ng Dng. Ta c th chc
chnrngbcthkhngphilsnphmchungcaLHngPhongvHHuyTp.VkhiH
HuyTpgimtboconMoscowvcngviccaCSngDngtthng51935n
thng61936,LHngPhongvnchalinlcviBanChHuyHiNgoi,lcangngti
Macao.[97]Tacthonrngnhnglththng2vthng4kugimtmttrnphn
vi t chc Vit Nam c Lp ng Minh Hi (Vit Minh) ti Nam Kinh. Theo li Hong
Vn Hoan, vic ny xy ra vi s ng ca H Huy Tp vo khong u nm 1936. [98]
NhngtrongbococamnhgichoQTCSvongy1thng71936,Tplivitrngmtt
chcgilLinonVitNamcLpCchMngcthnhlptiNamKinh,vmt
hinghgitoctchc.Chngtikhaitrkhingnhngthnhvincngsn
nothnhlplinonnyviMin[cnctnlPhiVn,NguynHuCam];nbtan
r khi b chng ti lt mt n, ng bo co [99]. (Nhng Hong Vn Hoan li vit rng Lin
on lm vo tnh trng bt ng v thi th ch ca mt s ngi Vit quc gia v kh
khn khi gy qu [100]). R rng l L Hng Phong t Moscow n thng Nam Kinh vi
thngipvmttrnthngnht:ngcmilinhludiviHHcLmvNguyn
HiThn,haithnhvincatchcVitMinhutin.Nhnhngskinsaunychothy,
ngaycsaukhiLHngPhongvHHuyTplinlcvinhauvonm1936,Tpvntiptc
phnbcchinlcsauiHi7caQTCS.
Ticuchpctchcvocuithng7tiThngHi,cgilHiNghTrungng
ng, hai nh lnh o cng sn cui cng gp nhau. Chnh ti cuc hp ny nhng ngh
quytlithitHiNghMacaocloib.Trnthcthinghnycthlmtcuc
hp ca Ban Ch Huy Hi Ngoi m t thng 9 1935 ang hot ng nh mt U Ban Trung
ng; c th nhng ng vin trong nc khng c tham d. [101] Hi ngh a ra
mt bc th m mi v vic thnh lp mt trn thng nht m gi y c gi l mt Mt
DinVvHoiAn
179
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
TrnLinHipPhnBnhDn.[102]Cuchptiptheosauvicthnhlpcachnhph
MtTrnBnhDntiPhpvothng5mngchoHHuyTpchuynvSiGnvo
thng8thnhlpmtUBanTrungngmi.[103]TrngithuytngemtheoBc
ThMvitvothng7vmtlotnhngnghquytphnnhvicCSngDngchp
nhnnglicaiHi7QTCS,nhngtrnthct,saunyngbtcolkhngchu
thcthinhngchnhschmicaQTCSvkhngcngbnhngquytnhtcuchp
vothng7tiThngHi.Trongmtbocotmlcmngvitvocuimah1937,
ngcprngLitvinov(LHngPhong)angncngoinhlmtidindb;v
svngmty,ngtakhngcvaitrgtronghotngcaUBanTrungng[104].Mt
ngitiBanBThngPhngvitmtnhnnhvbnboconyvothng1/1938
vghichrng:Litvitov(HiAn)nhncngtckhingyrikhiMoscowquayv
nc v t chc vic a U Ban Trung ng CS ng Dng vo trong quc ni. Sau khi
vicchuynicaHHuyTpdinra,HiAnclnhcaLozeray[mtngicngsn
Phpangcngubaniutraquchithmvingchu]...tmcchnmliquynlnho
ngtrongnc.Rrnglngythtbitrongvicny[105].VthcthHHuyTp
tnmquynvonm1936khingquayliSiGn.Nhngtintrincasmuthun
nyscphntchchngktip.
NhngnhhngcachnhphLonBlumtiVitNamcghichpy,cbitl
tiNamK,nimttrnLaLuttephttrinthnhmttbochungvmtlinminhchnh
tr gia CS ng Dng v nhng ngi Trotskyist a phng cho n ma h 1937. [106]
PhongtroHiNghngDng,cbtubngnghcaNguynAnNinhngtrn
t La Lutte vo ngy 29 thng 7 1936, em li mt ln sng hot ng chnh tr mi trong
chnhtrng.Nhngubanhnhngcthnhlp,btutnhngthtrnvlngx
phanamnhmthuthpnhngyuschcadnchngvchunbchovictchcmtHi
NghbaogmnhngthnhvincngsnvTrotskyistnhmttchcidinchophnng
dnchng.Mttnxchocctnhnchnhtrtthng71936nthng81937trtdo
cho hn 2.000 nh hot ng trong c 643 t nhn Cn o (Poulo Condore ND) [107].
Nhngngitcngsntndngttthigianhbgiamcm:hnngcaotrnhl
thuytcngsnvtraudiknnghotngcamnh.[108]Nhiungitronghtrongc
mtnhmlnhoquantrngcaCSngDngsmhonhpviphongtroyucu
nng cao iu kin lm vic v t do dn ch cho nhn dn ng Dng. Nhng vic chnh
quyn thuc a khng mn m lm vi phong tro Mt Trn Bnh Dn cho thy ln sng lc
quanutincanhngngiVitivichnhphmitiPhpkhngtnticlu.
nthng91936vBTrngBThuca,mtngixhitnMariusMoutetthngbo
vi H Ni rng vic t chc mt Hi Ngh rng ln ti Si Gn th khng th chp nhn
c[109]. Theo sau cuc ving thm ca i din Mt Trn Bnh Dn l Justin Godart (Th
trngLyon,thucngXhicptinND)tiSiGnvHNivunm1937vnhng
cucbiutnhrnglnnchong,chnhquynthucabtumtchindchn
pmi.Nhngmtbocovonm1937caBanChHuyHiNgoiginMoscow
nhngthtbicaphongtroHiNghlnnhngngiTrotskyist:bcthnyphphn
DinVvHoiAn
180
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
LaLutteythnhphntsndntcrakhimttrnthngnhtbngnhngphbnh
gtgao[110].MttrnthngnhthtnggiaCSngDngvthnhphnTrotskyist
khngtntitrongsthtvngchungivichnhphcaBlum.Vothng51937CSng
DnggyplcirtrakhilinminhviCSPhp,hinangbnrnvicucchin
tondinchnglichnghaTrotskyismcaStalin,nhngchyuchnhlcamktcaQTCS
ivinhngngminhchngphtxtdnnvicmttrnLaLuttebgiithvothng
6 1937. n thng 8 CS ng Dng bt u giai on ti t chc, s c tho lun
chngti.
NhnghotngcaLHngPhongtiTrungQuckhngcghichpynhlch
scamttrnLaLuttetiSiGn.NhngnhngbococaSLimPhngchothytma
thu1936nunm1937ngdichuyntrongkhuvcminnamTrungQucvtilp
linlcvimtsngitrongcNguynHiThn,nhlnhophongtrodntcly
khaikhiThanhNinHivonm1927.TheolicamtvKonstantin,LHngPhong
vingthmThnvongy23thng91936.Haingiccholdnhtchcmtcuc
hpmrngtiThunc(ShunDeND)[111].NhngchimcaSLimPhngcngtm
thyduvtcaPhongvothng3vthng41937ngccholdichuynlintcgia
ccvngThunc,PhtSn(FatSanND)vQungChu[112].NhnghotngcaL
HngPhongcltcngnvicthnhlpMtTrnBnhDncanhngngiVitti
VnNam,skinnyccpntrongbococatnhboqunsPhpvothng3
41937.BoconynhcnbatiutquantrngnhtcaQucDnngtiHKhu
(HekouND),KhaiNguyn(KaiYuanND)vCnMinh(KunMingND)thamgiamt
trn ny, bn bo co gi n l chi b ca phn b Bc K ca Mt Trn Bnh Dn ng
Dng[113].
ychngtathycmttrongnhngduhiubanucamttrnthngnhttiBc
K(cngnhmintrungVitNam]mangmthnhthikhcvimttrnthngnhtti
SiGn.Rrnglkhngcnhngchichonhngnhhotngtiminbc.Nhng
cngngltiHNithnhphnTroskyistkhngcmttchcvngmnhvdng
nhkhngxmnhpcvotrongphongtrocngnhn.Hnna,cngkhngcthnh
phntsntngngcangLpHintivngny.Vthkhinhngngitcngsn
cphngthchbtuxuthintiBcKvocuinm1936,CSngDngkhng
gptrngigtrongvictchcphongtrolaong.Cnglchcimtomtlin
minhchnhtrvinhnglclngtrungluvdngnhngvaitrchchttrongvic
thnh lp chi b Vit Nam ca ng Dn Ch SFIO (Section Francaise de IInternationale
OuvrirePhnBPhpcaLinonLaongQucTND)timinbc.Vothng31936
tbolngnguytLAvenir(TngLaiND)btuxuthin.Nhngngicngtcbao
gmVNguynGip,PhanAnh,ngThaiMai,VnhHunhvBiNgci,ashs
ngvaitrquantrngtrongtchc VitMinh. [114]Vothng11 1936mtnhmhn hp
gmnhngthnhvincaCSngDngvTrotsyistthnhlptLeTravail(Laong
ND),mttbohtrvicphngthchnhngtnhnchnhtrvtchcvicchunbcho
chuynvingthmcaJustinGodart.Trongsnhngnhbohngucatbonycng
DinVvHoiAn
181
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
XunKhu,mtnhhotngtNamnhtnglmvicviNguyncCnhvonm
1929trckhibbtittiBcKvonm1930.Saunyngchnhlngicbitnhiu
vicitnnglyvonm1945lTrngChinh.nthng1937nhmTravailhptcvi
SFIOvngCpTin(haitchccaPhp)trongkhochthnhlpmtchibcaSFIOti
BcK[115].Vothng41937PhmVnngcngthamgianhmny,ngangbgiam
lngHusaukhivacphngthch.MtbococaSLimPhngchobitrngngl
mtnhbotibavcclmbintpvincnhcatLeTravail[116].Nhngt
bophingcangaysaukhingthamgiavnhxutbnbnhngvphtvvkin
co.nmah1937,nhngbtnggianhmTrotskyistvCSngDnglmtht
bi c gng u tin thnh lp mt trn thng nht ti H Ni [117]. Nhng CS ng
Dngvntiptctheouiviclinminhvinhngtrthcqucgiavnhngthnhvin
khccathnhphntsntiBcK.
NhngnmcuicaHChMinhtiMoscow
SauiHi7HChMinhvnliiHcLeninchoncuinm1935,nhngsangnm
1936nglgingvintrongbphnngDngtiiHcStalin,nihaiibiungi
VitcaiHi7angtheohc.Mtbocovmtcuchpcagingvinvhcvinca
bphnnyvothng41936chothyLinvVereVasilievalmvicchungvinhau,r
rnglthitlpmtkhootovngDng.BlmchcgingvinchotrongB
PhnngDng.Thtdchukhilmvicvingyvngylmtchuyngiatrong
ti v t nc ng, b nhn xt; ng y bit v tnh hnh t nc nhng khng c h
thng my. H lm vic v nhng kh khn chnh tr nh vn nng dn. ng y c rt
nhiukinhnghimcchmng,nhngcngnhnhngngchngingDngkhc,ng
mcphirtnhiusailm,hinnaychngtiangchtmrtnhiuvnhngvnny...
ngycnhiutinb[118].MtsnguntiliucaVitNamnirngHangdnh
sonthomtluncngvvnnngdn,nhngtikhngthymtbngchngnov
vicnyngoibococaVasilieva.MttrongnhnghcvincaHlVnTn(Hong
VnNn]thanphinrngngChLintngvomtchStakhanovite(lyttn
caAlexey Stakhanov, ngi pht ng phongtrothiualaongtng nngsut, vtch
tiukhochNgaND)trongmtkhohctrongvngmtthngngphihonthnh
tonblchscaCSLinX,vvkhngctiliu,ngphithuclngmith.ng
Ch Lin ni rt nhanh, c nh mt bnh xe ang xoay, ng ni; l nguyn nhn v tnh
trngkinthccati[119].(TacthoncrngHkhngchngthgtrongvic
gingdychongithanhnindntcTynyvphinbnlchsngcStalinhot
nm1935.TabitrngkhiHmungingiug,ngsbnhiucngscgiithchvn
mtcchrrngvngin).
Vo cui nm 1936 Vasilieva tho ra mt k hoch o to cho nhng hc vin ng Dng
trongbarachiphcho10hcvinngiVitnMoscow.Khochcngxutvic
thnhlpmttrngotomitiTrungQucgingdynhnglpchnhtrdi2thng
DinVvHoiAn
182
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
chonhnghotngvincpthptVitNam.Bdnhmtngnsch3.000laM
oto10hcvinchomikhohaithng.imthchntrongbnxutcabcnhcn
rng chng ta phi quyt nh vn gi ng Ch Lin, ngi hon tt cng vic nghin
cutiMoscow,vtchcvgingdytitrngny.Nhngcuibnxutcab,ai
vit:Minghubhubsaukhivnclmsngt[120]Vnlg
thkhngcgiithch, nhngchng tabitrng ng ChLin phi luliMoscow
tiptchctp.
nnm1937,iHcStalinctitchcvinhnghcsinhkhngthucLinXc
avoHcVinKhoaHcvvicNghinCuccVnDnTcvThuca.Mttn
micvtrunglphnnhngkhngcnghalnhtrngthayichcnngcamnh.
TrongmtbcthgichoHingQunTrSVitvothng41938,mtquntrvinca
nhtrnggiithchrngchcnngcaHcVinlnhmotonhngthnhvincacc
ngnc ngoicitnchl vbcvkhng phnnhtnh chtthtsvhotngca
trng,ngvit.[121]Hvnghidanhlgingvinvhcvinttnghip,ngthamdlp
utincaKhoaLchS.ngkhngtvphnkhimytrongvichctpcamnh:ng
ch t im trung bnh trong cc lp Duy Vt Bin Chng, Lch S C i v Lch S
Trungi.ChcmnLchSCnilngnhncimxutsc.avgingvin
ca ng dng nh rt thp ng ging dy mn Nghin Cu v ng Dng bng ting
Vit. Ngc li, Minin Nguyn Khnh Ton, ngi tng hc ti Cao ng H Ni, c
nhn chc quyn ging vin trong cc mn Kinh T Chnh Tr, Lch S Tng Qut, v
NghinCuQucGia.[122](VicNguynKhnhTonluliMoscowludikhngc
giithch.ngquayvliTrungQucvonm1939).
ngianm1938,khiHChMinhchunbriMoscow,HcVinbngca.PavelMif,
GimcHcVinvlcnhtayphicaStalinvnhngvnTrungQuctnm1928,
bbtvtidanhkthnhndntrongkhongnm1937.ngbthnhvonm1938.Trong
sutnhngnm1937v1938rtnhiulnhoCSNgavnhngnhhotngcaQTCSb
btvxbn.NhngthnhvinQTCStnggipthchinnglicngrncanhngnm
19289 b trng pht nng n. Nhng ngi ny gm thnh vin ngi Ba Lan Rylski,
Bailis(ngisonthocunKhngChinVTrang],Volk,Vasiliev,SafarovvcPiatnitsky
(Orgwald]. Nhng chuyn vin v vn nng dn tng theo di cng tc ca H Ch Minh
trong gia thp nin 1920 l Dombal v Volin cng b cun vo ln sng thanh trng. [123]
TrongkhibathnhvincngsnNgalTrotsky,ZionevvBukharin,nhngngitng
lnhoQTCSchonnm1929bnhbt.
ThtkhmtngtngcrngmtngicngsnkcunhHChMinhlicthtip
tc hot ng trong sut thi k o in ny. Nhng n thng 1 1938 ng vn ang dch
nhngththimhoitng DngginMoscow.Vicngsng st trongsutnhng
thngnmtitnhtcaphongtrothanhtrngcxemlduhiucavicHcbov
bi mt trong nhng lnh o cao cp cn st li l Manuilsky, hoc ng l mt ngi
Stalinistthunthnh.Vgithitthhai,chngtabitrngStalincrtnhiuthayitrong
DinVvHoiAn
183
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
chnhschvthHkhngthnokhngcmuthunvinglicaStalintrongvi
giaionnoy.NhHchothytrongnm1924,ngsnsnghptcvibtknhm
noangnmquynlctiQTCSnhmxctinchonnclpcaVitNam.Nhngngayc
vicimlngphctngvnkhngcungnunglmtngiBaLan,Baltic,choc
ThNhK.NhngnginybStalintncngvitonbchtmtrthcamnhtrong
nhng nm 19378. i din QTCS t nhng ng hp php nh cc CS Php, Anh v M
nhnchungcdungth.[124]TrongtrnghpcaHChMinh,vicngntmt
tncxaxivimtutinthptrongchnhschngoigiaocaLinXcthlmtphn
nguynnhntisaongkhngbbt.Cnglcy,ngcngthchnhvicmng
lmtlulgithpdanhphncamnhtiMoscowvkhngbaoginhnmnhlmtnh
llunnhM.N.Roylm.Trongbnthmtrallchmnginkhighidanhvoi
HcLeninnm1934,ngvnlungibmt.ngvitrngngkhngcngithntrng
thnh,khngv,khngchuynmn,khngnghnghipvcngkhngbitmnhcthlm
ctronglnhvcg.Vocuibitiusngncamnh,ngvitmtcchchmbim:Ti
nghrngylttcnhnggvllchcatihinnay[125].
VmiquanhgiangvDmitryManuilsky,tabitquamtbcthngginBanBTh
caManuilskyvongy6thng61938rnghaingikhnggpnhautrongmtthigian
di.Hvit:ThangCh,tivcngbitnnungchchophpticgp.Lulm
ringchkhnggpti.Hchrarng7nmriktngyngbbtgitiHng
Kngvcnglbtunmth8cavicngbbtng:Gitiimtninoy.Hoc
gititiy.Hysdngtitrongvicgmngchcholcch.Tichyucungch
ngtisngtiyqulumkhnglmgbnngoing[126]HscaHcVin
KhoaHcvvicNghinCuccVnDnTcvThucachothycnguyncang
cchpthunvvongy29thng91938ngchnhthccgiito.[127]Khngbao
lusau dngnhngkhihnhiTrungQuc.Mtlnna,chngtahontonkhng
bitnhimvcaHlgkhingriMoscowiTrungQuc.Nhngtabitrngngquayli
vitcchlmtphivinchnhthccaQTCSiviCSngDng.Vasilievacan
thipviDimitrovhchungheHphtbiutrckhingkhi hnh.Bgiithchtrong
mt bc th ngn: iu quan trng l ai trong thnh phn lnh o nn ni chuyn vi
ngChLintrckhingyraivnhngvnlinquannnhngbtngbntrong
thnhphnlnhong[CSngDng]mhinnayvncntnti.Linlmtthnhvin
caUBanTrungng,cnhiuquynlctrongng,vvngytMoscowv,hsch
lngnghenhnggngni.Vthrtquantrnglngycnning.[128](Dngnhvo
thiimnytnhtHvncxemlmtuvindkhuytcaUBanTrungngCS
ngDng).
TrnthctnimtincaVasilievaiviuyquyntMoscowdngnhkhngtng
ch.ChngktiptisphntchnhngbtngbntrongthnhphnlnhoCSng
Dnglmchiarngnyt1936n1940.Michonthng5nm1941,hainmsau
khi H v li Trung Quc, ng mi chnh thc chuyn giao thng ip ca mnh n U Ban
Trungngng.
DinVvHoiAn
184
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
CHNG7:HCHMINHTRVVCONNGDN
NHINGHLNTHTM(193741)
KhiHChMinhcphpquayvlichuvomathu1938,LinBangSVitvchnh
quyn Quc Dn ng Trung Quc ti thit lp mt lin minh. Nhng m php ko di
giaMoscowvNamKinhdnnvickkthipckhnggyhnvothng81937.
Cngnhtrongnhngnm1920,thnhqungoigiaokhngcnhngngicngsn
TrungQuchontonthanhn.Nhngnemlimtngunvintrqunsminhm
gipQucDnngngnchnbctincaqunNhttnhngthnhphvngduynhi
votrungtmTrungQuc.CharlesMcLane(GiossngiMND)ctnhtgianm
1937nthng111940,stinvintrcaNgachoTngGiiThchlnnkhongt300
n450triula[1].ThothungiaNgavQucDnngcngdnnshisinhca
mt trn thng nht gia nhng ngi quc gia v cng sn Trung Quc. C ngha l CS
TrungQucliccshpphptrongvngvinmvchithitlpshindinca
mnh ti nhng cn c ca Quc Dn ng, trc ht l ti Nam Kinh, v k n l V Hn
trong mt giai on ngn, ri n Trng Khnh (Chong Qing ND). Vo thng 9 1937 Hng
QunTrungQucctitchcdiquynchhuycaHingQunScaQucDn
ng,cngvitponBtLQuncthnhlphotngtikhuvctybcvtp
on Tn T Qun chin u ti min nam sng Dng T (Yang Tze ND). CS Trung
QuccphphptcviQucDnngmhaiKhooToDuKchChinmin
nam Trung Quc. T thng 6 1938 nhng ngi cng sn Vit Nam hi ngoi gp c
TngDipKimAnh(YeJianyingND)caCSTrungQucangngvaitrlinlcgia
BtLQunvHingQunSVHn[2].
VthHChMinhquayliTrungQuctrongthiimhngthnhcamihptcNga
Hoa.NhimvcangtrongvicquayvngNamlbinCSngDngtrthnh
mtmttrndnchdntcrngri,trongsbaogmnhngPhpkiucptinting
Dng cng nh tng lp t sn dn tc [3]. Ch th 8 im ca QTCS m ng phi thuc
lng, ku gi nhng ngi cng sn Vit Nam phi t mc tiu ca mt trn chng pht xt
trcmctiucacuccchmngvsn.ylbnchtcanhngmttrncthnh
DinVvHoiAn
185
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
lptiPhptrongnm1936vTrungQucnm1937.CSngDngcyucukhng
caranhngyuschqukhchvdnhhontonclphocthnhlpquchi.V
thsrivobycaphtxtNht,chthcnhgic.ngnntchcmtmttrnihi
quyntdongnlun,tdoboch,tdonhmhpcngnhnxtonbnhngtnhn
chnhtr.ivithnhphntsndntc,ngckhuynlnnmmmngliko
hvomttrnvthcyhhnhng,hocnucnthit,clphvmtchnhtr.ng
khngcihiquynchomttrndnchmphittlynbngcchchngt
mnhlmtngtchcc,chnthnhvhtlngnht.ivithnhphnTrotskyist,khng
cphpkhoannhnghocthohip.Hcnphibloibvmtchnhtr.
MnuchnhtrchovicquaylicaHChMinh(19378)
nnm1938tiVitNammthnhthphctpcanhnglclngchnhtrtinhot
khuynhhngTrotskyistnnhngngcchu,lmchocngtctchccaHcngthm
khkhnhnsovithik19247.CSngDngvamititchcmttnglplnho
hpnhtvonm1935.Giyngcyucuthamgiamtchindchchngphtxtton
cutrongihinphigiihnvicphnkhngcamnhivithcdnPhp.Nhng
vkhng cs on kttrc himhoxm lc ca Nht, nhng ngicng snVit Nam
cmthythtkhmchpnhnbnchtcamttrnthngnhtmhphithamgia.Mie
dacaNhtthcpbchtiBcKvTrungKhnltiNamK.MtsngiVitxem
Nht l nhng ngi gii phng trin vng. Nh ta thy, khi L Hng Phong t Moscow
quayvvonm1936,thngipcangvmttrnthngnhtgpphichngitmt
hng khng c ng ti l H Huy Tp. Tp quay v li chu khi phong tro
Proletkult(tghpcaproletarskayakulturavnhovsnND)vncnlmtlclng
mnhm;rrnglngngcnhinkhithyschuynhngcaQTCS.NhngvicCS
ng Dng chng li mnh lnh ca QTCS ch c Moscow bit n mi cho n thng 1
1938,khihnhncmtbocongy10thng91937vcktnF.L.Bnboco
nytmlcmtstintrinsaucuchpcaUBanTrungngctchcvothng
71936tiThngHi.TheotngthutcatcgivchuyntrvchuquangParis,tac
thchcrngngivitchnhlNguynTh MinhKhaihoc FanLan.[4]Bc thc
vit sau i Hi M Rng ca CS ng Dng v Hi Ngh Ban Chp Hnh ln 2 c t
chctiSiGntngy25thng8nngy4thng91937,khiUBanTrungngitheo
nglicaQTCS[5].
MinhKhaivHongVnNnquayvliHngKngquangPhpvvocuimaxun
1937.Hthuclngdanhsch9imcabnchthvnglimhschuyngiaocho
BanChHuyHiNgoikhinni.Tikhngtmcbnsaocabnlitkny,nhng
chngtacthginhrngncnggngingnhchth8immHChMinhclnh
phi thc thi trong nm 1938. Hai ngi ng hnh gp L Hng Phong vo thng 7 v
chuyngiaonhngxutcaQTCS.NhbcthcaF.L.cp,ngchohbitvic
UBanTrungngphphnsquantmmicaQTCSvnhngphngphptchc
DinVvHoiAn
186
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
hpphp vbnhpphpv chonlxtli,chivhukhuynh.BanChHuyHi

NgoisonthomtvnbngiithchchnhschminhngbHHuyTpkhngcho
phthnh.TheoliLHngPhong,HHuyTpvitthchong,borngnhngngch
hingoiquxarithcttrongnc,vUBanTrungngphictrchnhimivi
hotngqucni.
LHngPhonggiMinhKhainSiGnvothng81937chthnchuyngiaonhng
chthminhtcaQTCS.(HongVnNncngcgiiHNilmcngvictng
t). Tr li cho thng ip ca Minh Khai, H Huy Tp mt ln na nhn mnh rng nhng
chinlcdoQTCSvBanChHuyHiNgoixnglphnng.(TheoliF.L.,b
khmphrarngUBanTrungngtiSiGngichonhngchibngmtbcth
vongy26thng31937bibnhngquytnharathinghThngHinm1936.
[6])Timunvitthgiithchttcchonhngngchhingoi,bvit,nhngngch
Sinitchkinbotirngnutilmth,tisbkhaitrrakhing.Nhngtimtcuchp
tchctrcHiNghUBanTrungng,nhngngvinphabclHongQucVitv
NguynVn Cng h nhngxngca QTCS. Hbo rng hkhngnhnc
bcthgingy26thng71936vnhngphngphptchcmivHHuyTpgii
thch sai lch nhng chnh sch ca QTCS trc Hi Ngh U Ban Trung ng thng 3 1937.
PhngCh KinidinchoBanChHuyHiNgoi tiHiNghthng 8.Scmtca
thnhvincngsnPhplMauriceHoneltiSiGnvolcydngnhcvaitrquan
trngtrongvicphquytnhngchngicaHHuyTpivinglimicaQTCS.
Bc th ca F.L. ni rng Honel ph bnh ch ngha b phi ca Tp, v rng ng
khuynkhchbvitthchoQTCSgiithchrrngnhnggxyratrongnibCS
ngDng.
Tht kh m tm hiu c nguyn do ca s ci v bt ng qua nhng ngn ng chnh tr
csdngbinhnghcvincaQTCStrnbmtthcvnhkhngmytrmtrng.
Tranhchpcnhncthlmtphnnguynnhncascngthngny.[bcththng9
caF.L.khngnhcnnhngbtngvchnhschivithnhphnTrotskyist].QTCSv
BanChHuyHiNgoikhuynkhchvicnhnmnhhnnacngtctchchpphpv
thamgiamttrncanhngngphikhngvsn.(Dngnhhkhngcvngv
scnthitchonhngngilnhongtiptchotngbmt).Mtvngytranh
chp l tnh cht ca cng tc t chc thanh nin. H Huy Tp mun bin on Thanh Nin
CngSnthnhmtLinonThanhNinPhnbthpphp otothnhvincho
cngtcthanhnin.TmngvintrongthamgiaHiNghnghquanimnytrong
khi5ngicnlinghvicbinonThanhNinCngSnthnhtchcqunchnghp
php.Trongtrnghpthhainy,nhngthnhvinutnhtscktnpvongv
cnglcytothnhlclngnngctchonhngtchcthanhnin.Sbncivphng
php t chc phn nh mi cng thng ang tip tc hin hu bn trong phong tro cng
sn,tngxuthinvothik19289khiphongtrosngbivicvsnhobtu.
DinVvHoiAn
187
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Quyt nh cui cng trong cng tc t chc thanh nin c dnh cho QTCS gii quyt.
Ngoiiunyra,F.L.chornghinghthng89thnhcngtrongvichpnhtngv
u tranh chng li ch ngha b phi. H Huy Tp nhanh chng phn ng i vi nhng
quytnhcaHiNgh,tacthbitcquamtbcthmSLimPhngtheodi.
Vongy7thng91937TpthngbochonhngcngtcvincatboLAvantGarde(Tin
PhongND)rngtnaytri,mivnbnbngtingPhpvQucNgphiquaskim
duytcang.(TLAvantGardedoCSngDngthnhlpsaukhitchrakhinhm
LaLuttevothng51937.Vothigiannyncithnhmttnkhcbaogmhnl
LePeuple.Vothng3sau,mthcvintiHcStalinlTrnVnKit,cnctnlRemy,
quayvtPhpnmquynlnhotbovbtuphinbntingVitctnlDn
Chng[7]).TtcccbivitchotLePeuplephicvittrctmtnhaingy.Theo
giithchcaTpltLavantGardexutbnmtsbivitmchtrngcctl
nguynnhncanhngnp.ngcnhbogiibochtiBcKcngtngthutsai
lchchnhschcang:Nhnghnhngnysngncnnhnghotnghpphpca
chngta hoclmcho nhngt chcmchngta cthlin minh quaylichngi chng
ta[8].
Mt bn tm tt bng ting Php ca nhng ngh quyt c thng qua bi Hi Ngh X U
NamKchobitthmvithngtinvsthayichnhschcquytnhvothng9
1937.ctchctngy22n25thng9nm1937,hinghnytuynbrngnhng
tuyntruynvincangchimquynlnhoqunchngvinhngnghluntrthc
cah.Nhngmctiukchngcahhoclhmdogiiqunchnglchuhocto
rasngcmtrongnhngthnhphntngio,hocthiphngtnhtmncatnglpph
nng. Nhng ng li ca ng l dng mi bin php kt np nhng thnh phn ny
vonhngtchcqunchng(nhnghibnghu,hitngt,vnvn)[9].Trongtng
laithnhphnphnngsbtiudithocvhiuho.Nhngnunhngaihysinhquyn
licamnhxincthamgiavocctchccachngta,chngtannmrngcan
h h khng tht vng, t y h vo vng tay ca nhng k cch tn, phn ng v
nhngkTrotskyist[10].
NgaysauhinghUBanTrungng,LHngPhongvoSiGn,mtphnthitlplin
lcviUBanTrungngCSTrungQucquangnguSiGn.[11]Vohtunthng3
1938,khiCSngDngtchcHiNghTrungnglnth3tiBim,Gianhvi
bythnhvinthamd,HHuyTpbmtchcTngBTh.[ngbbtvothng5vb
trcxutvHTnhvbqunthctigia.]NguynVnC,mtmntrcaNgGiaT,
ngitnhBcNinhvlmttchnhtrcnxtCno,trthnhTngBTh.Mt
BanBThmicaUBanThngVcthnhlpbaogmHHuyTp,NguynVnC
v,nh trongghi chcaSLimPhng,mtngi trv tTrungQuc. Thnhvin sau
cngnyrtcthlLHngPhong,vPhngChKinquayvliHngKngsauhingh
thng91937.UBanThngVbaogmnmthnhvin:HHuyTp,NguynVnC,Gia
hocAnhBytminNam(chnhlVVnTn),NguynVnTrnghocNguynChDiu,
ngivacphngthchvangxydngliXUTrungK,vlnnangitrvt
DinVvHoiAn
188
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
TrungQuc.VolcnyNguynThMinhKhaicxcnhlthnhvincaXUNam
KcngnhcangUSiGn.Bcngcgiaonhimvotongvin.[12]
Chngtacthginhrngvolccuchpnyxyra,nglicaQTCSvnhngngi
nghnangbtucnhhngmnhhnivinhngccucangtiNamK.
TrnthctbntngtrnhcaHiNghUBanTrungngvothng3cpvicmt
sngvinphanambkhaitrvkhnghotngvmtskhctrib
hngng.ConsngvintiNamKvngicmc655sauHiNghln2[13].Nhng
vicNguynVnCcclmTngBThchothynhngngicngsncoto
tiMoscowphithohipviccucaCSngDngtrongnc,nhTrnPhvH
HuyTplmtrcy.Vivicnhngtnhnchnhtrcphngthchangca
livong,nhngthnhvinccaTnVitcvbtungvaitrquantrngtrong
cngtclnho.Nhngchunbchohinghngy1thng5tiSiGncngchothyrng
mc d CS ng Dng hin thi ang c gng tr thnh mt thnh vin ng tin cy ca
nhngngphitsn,hvntnngmtshptcnovithnhphnTroskyist.U
bantchccahinghnybaogmmtngicangXHiPhp,mtngiTrotskyist,
v hai ngi Stalinist. Nhng H Huy Tp nhn mnh rng truyn n thng bo cho cuc
hp ny ch lit k thnh phn cng nhn l ngi t chc. Theo S Lim Phng th ng s
rngnuVitNamQucDnngbitcnhngngiTrotskyistcngthamgia,hsct
tquanhviCSngDng[14].
TnhngbococaCSngDngcsonthovocuinm1937nunm1938
tacththycrngmiquanhviQTCSvCSPhpbgimthiutnhngngy
ucaMtTrnBnhDn.MauriceHonelquayvPhpvonm1937,hahnsavn
ngDnglnCSPhp.Nhngkhngctintcgcangsausuthngktngy
ngtrvPhp.NhtrongbntngtrnhcaUBanTrungngginMoscowvothng
41938nir,victhiuhuthuntCSPhplmphainhtnhhngcaCSng
Dng ti Nam K. Theo sau vic thnh lp chnh ph Leon Blum, bn tng trnh cho bit,
CSPhpngngquantmnnhngvnngDng.Mtkhc,thnhphnTrotskyist
ti Php tn cng nhng chnh sch thuc a ca Mt Trn Bnh Dn, vic ny gip
nhngngiTrotskyisttiSiGntngthmnhhngiviqunchng,cbitltrong
gii tr thc [15]. Nhng ngi Trotskyist cng cng khai ho vai tr ca CS Php trong
vic khai t mt trn La Lutte vo thng 56 1937 v pht hnh nhng vn bn v nhng
phintocdintiMoscow.[16]DthUBanTrungngCSngDngvntiptc
ginguyncamktcamnhiviquanimvmtmttrnchngphtxtvtiptctm
cchgilinlcthngxuynviQTCS.(Dngnhnkhnghhaybitgvstnph
mqutrnhthanhtrngtiMoscowgynntrongTamQucT,vcthkhng
hay bit vic nhng lnh o ca QTCS nh Piatnitsky v Mif b bt gi trong nm 1937).
Trongbnbocovothng41938,nhngngicmuCSngDngyucuQTCS
nnginhngchththnglvnhngvnchnhtrvtchccngnhtrgipvti
chnh.Ngoivicxingp5.000lachovicnlotsch,hcnyucuginhngcvnv
ngnschmmttrungtmotohpphptiTrungQuc,tngtnhnhngtrung
DinVvHoiAn
189
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
tmctthi19267[17].ViciuphiHChMinhvlichuvomathu1938cth
lpngyucutrn.
ChonlcnylinlcviQTCSquangTrungQuctrnnvcngkhkhndohuqu
cacucchintranhHoaNht.NhngchictumCSngDngcnhngthuthlm
cng tc lin lc khng th n c Vit Nam v s phong to ca ngi Nht [18]. Khi
PhngChKinvitthchoQTCSvothng11/1937,ngxinphpcchnhthclinlc
viChiU MinNamca CSTrungQucvngnytrnntnhiuhpphp.ng
giithchrngMcdtronghnmtnmquachngticquanhviChiUMinNam
nhng mi lin h ny, cho d rt cht ch, vn khng c chnh thc v khng c s chp
thuncaccngch.ngcngyucuchuyngiaotrchnhimlinlcviCSXimsang
ChiUMinNam[19].Tronglcvitbcthny,dngnhKinvnangtiHngKng.
nthng61938ngVHnhivitngTrungQucDipKimAnh,theohik
ca Hong Vn Hoan. C th Kin quen bit v tng ny t nhng ngy ng cn hc ti
Hong Ph, khi Dip Kim Anh l ch huy ca Trung on o To. Sau thng 10 1938, khi
qunNhtangtinvoVHnvsaukhinicangtiCuLongbcnhstkhmxt,
PhngChKinccholchuynvSnuhcvchintranhdukch.[20]ivi
nhngngicngsnVitNamvothiimnyminnamTrungQuc,vaitrcaQTCS
trongnhngquytnhthng nht cahngy cngtrnntgitr.Nhngnh ni
trn, CS ng Dng trong nc ang nn nng thit lp li lin h thng xuyn vi
Moscow,phnvldotichnh,vvothng31938htmcchquyngptinbcgi
mtngvinrangoincthamvn.MttngtrnhcaSLimPhngnirngPhng
ChKintnhnguynnhnlmphivinnhngUBanTrungngquytnhgimt
thnhvincngsnhpphp[21].Nhngdngnhkhngcaithchinchuynin
PhphocNga.
NhngilicaHChMinh/bicnhchnhtrnm1939
HChMinhlntuiTrungQucvomathunm1938vchchnnTyAn(Xian
ND)vothng11hocthng12.ngiquangLMcT(Urumchi,thphcaTn
CngND)vLanChu(LanZhouND)vchchnlnmtrongchngtrnhlnnhm
a c vn v vt liu n Trung Quc hu thun cuc chin ti y. Dng nh hu ht
chuyningdichuynbngtuhovmybay,vngcthigianliDinAn
(YananND)sutmtthngmvnkpn QuLm(GuiLinND)vothng21939.Sau
nyngvitrng,chintranhbngnTrungQuclmngbcunvovngxoyv
iangthayisphncahngtrmtriungi[22].Trongcngbcthngvitrng
ngbmthnhltiDinAn,trongccnhngghichcangvnhngchthca
QTCS.TiliucaTrungQucnirngHChMinh,gimangtnlHQuang,tinh
khch ca CS Trung Quc ginh cho ngi nc ngoi ti vng ty bc Din An v Khang
Sinhlngitipnng[23].HnngaysauHiNghLn6CSTrungQucxyravo
thng10,cchorngchmdtvimtthqunbnhgaygttronghngnglnho
DinVvHoiAn
190
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
gia Maovnhng ngi cmu nh VngMinhvChu nLai,nhngngi nhittnh

nghmttrnthngnht[24].MttrnVHncuicngktthcvivicqunQucDn
ngrtluivocuithng10,mtskindngnhlmtngnhhngcaMao.Chng
tacthginhtmtbocodiviyucutrgipmHgichoCSTrungQuc
vogianm1940rngngvntiptcthigikndanhphncamnhtivnghuc
caMaotrongbocoyngkhngbclsmtthitvigiilnhoTrungQuchoc
chornghbitcvaitrcangtrongCSngDng[25].
Nhng qun on cng nh dn t nn ang di chuyn trn ton ci Trung Quc. Qun i
QucDn ngang rtvphanamvphatyvocuinm1938.HikcaHongVn
HoantngthutvicngdichuynvibmyhnhchnhQucDnngbtubngvic
ditntNamKinhnVHntrongnm1937rinTrngSavQuDng(GuiYang
ND),niilnambcnTyAnctngangtrcngngty;vcuicngivhng
tynCnMinhvounm1939.Hunhtrongcngthigiany,HChMinhixuyn
TrungQucvhngngnam,TDinAnnQuLmthuctnhQungTy,hingil
mtthnhphtinphng,thngbqunNhtdibom.Hcphongchcthiuttrong
qunonBtLQun,dngnhvicnygipngdichuynddnghntrongcnhn
lon.SaukhiliDinAn,ngtmngixungphanamnTrngKhnh,niyng
tham gia vo i i ca Chu n Lai vo u nm 1939. [26] King Chen nh li rng ng
thamgiavoontutngcatngDipKimAnh,vtngnysaukhirtluikhiVHn
c b nhim trng coi Kho o To Chin Tranh Du Kch Ty Nam ti Hnh Dng
(HengYangND)thuctnhHNam[27].MttiliucaTrungQucvhotngcaH
trongtponBtLQunnhnmnhrngngdichuyndisbotrcaCSTrung
Quc, vnirngngcnghonttminhimvthngnhttrongmtvnphnglin
lc,tiQuLmcngnhHnhDng,khong350dmvphabc.VnphnglinlcQu
LmclcdnglmnithuthptintctnhbochoCSTrungQucvnnmngoi
khuvchotngcaBtLQun.Hccholginhimvvsinh,cthlng
mangchcvcamtsquanytcngcng;ngtrngnomphngbotngcacquan,xut
bnmttbonhchonv,nghengngtintctingoiquc,trongsutthigianyng
vngiumnhnhmtsquanTrungQucvimgingQungng.TiliunynirngH
HnhDngtngy20thng6nngy20thng9nm1939lmgingvinchokho
otothhaicaTrungTmDuKch[28].
SmiuttrnvnhnghotngcaHtiTrungQuckhngngiuvibctranh
tvvnhlnhocngsnnitinganghihngnmlyquynlctrongngmnh.
S hnlon dochintranhtiTrung Qucchcchnlmcho cng tcca ngcngthm
phctp.Nhngclnhngtranhchpvmuthunvchnhkinbntrongngcng
gp phnkhkhntrong vicngthitlplinlc vi CSng Dng.Theo li ca chnh
ng,HnQuLmvokhongthng21939.Rrnglngnnlngkhingvitmt
bntngtrnhdichoMoscowvothng7nmy.BythngsaukhingvnTrungQuc,
ngvit,nhng ng vncha honthnhc nhimvcamnh (bcthnykhngnhc
nnhimvcangtiHnhDng).
DinVvHoiAn
191
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Tilmgtrongsut7thngqua?ngvit.Nhbnbgiptibtutmkim
nhngkhngtcktqug.Ritilitmcchthitlpvimilinlcvvicny
cchtktqu...Trongkhichivkhngbphthigian,tianglmcngtcphin
dchchoBtLQun(nghengngtintctiphtthanh],lmthkchonv,lmch
tchcamtculcbvhinnaylthnhvincahingculcb.Trongcnglcy...
TithoramtvnbnvcKhuvvitnhngbibovnhngskinchnhtrvqun
s,vstnbocaqunNht,vsanhdngcanhngchinsTrungQuc,vcucu
tranhchnglikhuynhhngTrotskyist,vnvn...nggiithchrngtngy12thng2mt
sbivitcangcxutbntrongmttunbotiHNicaCSngDnghp
php, t Notre Voix. (Ting Ni ca Chng Ta ND) Nhng bi vit ny mang bt hiu
KwilinvktnlngLi,vihyvngrngccngchlnhotrongngson
ctcgilaivangu.Nhnghyvngnyvnchathnhstht,ngvit.ng
thitlpcnhngmilinhttpvivchbt,nginyvnchorngnglmtnh
bongiTrungQuc.Michoncuithng7,ngni,ngmicthgiachcamnh
cngnhnhngchthcaQTCSnUBanTrungngquamtngibnvvchbtca
tNotreVoix.[29]Bntngtrnhgitheosaubcthnyvitvhintrngchnhtrti
VitNamtnm1936lmttiliudi8trangnhmyviynhngthngtinvbo
ch,buc,nhcngvnhngphongtrochnhtrkhc.ngnirngngchnlcdkin
vthngtintviccnhngtbonhNotreVoixviNay,mttbohpphpkhc
ca ng ti H Ni do Trn Huy Liu ch bin. Nhng ta t hi rng khng bit ng c
nhngngunthngtintrctipnokhc.
GiithchcaHvnhngtipxccangviVitNamtoravinghivn.Cththts
rngtthng2nthng7nhngngchlnhocaCSngDngvnchaon
cailngLing?Vtronglcy,chbincatNotreVoixlVNguynGip,
ngilyemgicaNguynThMinhKhaivonm1939[30].Vonm1937bococaS
LimPhngchothyGipkinquytgivnglptrngvscnthitphithnhlpmt
mttrndnchthngnhtvngaycclccvvicthnhlpmtbphnhnhpca
CSPhptiVitNammnhimnhnghotngtchchpphp[31].Tinghrngc
ldotinrngtrongsutnm1939HlinlcringrviNguynThMinhKhaihoc
mtsnhhotnghpphpcchungquanimvib.Nhchngtasthy,ncuinm
1939blnngsangTrungQucgpH.MtngunthngtincaHvothigian
nycthltnhngmilinlcgiaCSTrungQucvLHngPhongtiSiGn.Nhng
Phongbbtvongy22thng61939vbtuynn6nmtv3nmqunthctigiav
tixdngcnccgi[31].CunschcaHongTranhvthigiancaHtiTrungQuc,
ctrchdntrn,nirngngtipxcvimttrunggianngiTrungQucthngi
ligiaQuLm,HiPhngvHngKng.PhivinnytnlLBiQun,cnhimvem
choHmtmynhchhiuBabyHermesvibnphmtingPhptrongmtchuynica
ngnHiPhng.NhngngkhngnhnlidinchoHlinlcviCSng
Dngmichonmathu1939[33].
DinVvHoiAn
192
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
MuthunnibtrongCSngDngvchinlclinilnvomah1939.Mtcuc
btchintronggiibochcngsnbtusaukhinhngngcvincaMtTrnDn
ChThngNhtlNguynAnNinh,NguynVnTovVCngTnbpheTrotskyistnh
bitrongcucbucvoHingThucaSiGnthng41939.Cuctranhlunlm
choba ngitrongnhm cgilcngsnStalinist: NguynVnTo,LHngPhong v
Nguyn Vn C xoay sang chng li nhau. Mt ln na vn ch cht c a ra v vic
CSngDngnnlinhrasaovinhngngphitsncchtn.NguynVnTo,mt
ngicngsnhpphptngidinchoVitNamtiiHiQTCSLnth6vonm1928,
vittrntngPhngTpChrngnhngngicngsnnndngnglicngrn
hnchnglingLpHinvathngc3ghhing.Mtcyvitcnhndngl
L Hng Phong, vi bt danh l T.B. hoc Tri Binh vit trong mt vi s ca t Dn
ChngbovnglicaCSngDng.[34]Tcgilplunrngkhngcnphi
tncngnhngngphivgiaicpbnxminlchngkhngphilphnng.ng
livnhngthtbicaCSngDngtrongcucbucldosphhoicachnhquyn
thuca(trnthctnhngnhnvinchchtcatDnChngbbtgitrongthigian
buc[35]).
NhngTngBThCSngDngNguynVnCvitmttptiliunhanTCh
Trchtrongngphntchchaiquanim.Trongmtlngiithiuvtptiliuny,ng
cnhcnrngnguynthungtnggitiliunyngtitrntDnChngtiSi
Gn,nhngvldonoybibokhngcin.ngbnchoindidngtptiliuti
nhxutbncatDnChngHNivhddihn[36].ngchtrchT.B.la
ranhnnhcnhnchkhngphilkinchungcatonng[37].ngnimtphn
trch nhim v vic tht bi trong cuc bu c nm trong vic CS ng Dng qu ch
trngnhimhocaphtxtNhtvkhngcpynsnpcanhnglc
lngthcdnphnngiviqunchng[38].ngvitrngsailmcaT.B.lnginy
khngphnbitskhcnhaugiamtngcchtnvmtngphnng[39](tcgi
khngnhcnrngticuc buching thnhphHNivothng4,mtdanhsch
ngcvindolclngcnhtdischchecaSFIO(ngXHiPhpND)arav
khng c phe i lp tranh c). Trong khong thi gian ca thng 6 1939, S Lim Phng
ctintptiliudi10chngtnDThoTranhLunangcXUTrungKpht
tnbincctnhucamnh.Theotiliunythnglicanglnghvicthnh
lpmtmttrndn ch nhng mttrn nysphic hnhthnhtrongnhng phong
troutranhmnhmcaqunchng.MtTrnDnChslmthnhthiutranhgiai
cpvcnglmtphongtrophn.[40]KhinimnydngnhldoNguynVnC
xng.
KhicnhngbivitdoHChMinhgichotNotreVoix,tacththyrngtnhtrngm
ngangnmgiacucchintranhHoaNhtkhcxartnhiuhintnhtiSiGnvi
nhngcucbuc.nganglaovosonthonhngtiliutuyntruynthichinku
gixydnghuthunchoTrungQuccngnhnimtinvokhnngchnglingiNht
ca h. Vo cui thng 2 ng vit v phin hp th ba ca Hi ng Chnh Tr Quc Gia
DinVvHoiAn
193
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
TrungQuc.ylcuchputinktsauvicothotcacuchtchUngTinhV,
mt cu lnh o ca Quc Dn ng thin t. H trch dn nhng tuyn b ca Mao v
TngGiiThchchothyvichptcchtchgiahaingchnhtrongmttrnqucgia
chngNht.nggiithchrnghinghpvothiimkhimnhngkhuynhhng
cubimidinlUngTinhV,ngculnsauthtbitiQungChuvHnKhu
bptanhontonbisonktvquyttmcanhndnta[41].Vothiimny
a s nhng ngi cng sn tin rng ch khng Nht ca Quc Dn ng l rt bp bnh.
Nhng ng vin CS ng Dng gn b gn gi vi cuc u tranh ca Trung Quc (L
HngPhong,nguynthul mt ng vin CSTrungQuc, chc hnlngitrongs)
chccthkhngtintnghnsovithiktrcchintranhlonghnmcphc
tpvchnhtrcanhngngphiVitNammgiyangsnsngthamgiavomtmt
trnchngphtxt.NhngbntrongVitNam,cbitlminnam,nhngvnnhs
tngcngmlnhngiVitsangchuucngnhnhngsuthucachnhphthuca
trnnquantrnghnlvicNhtangxmlcTrungQuc.
RrnglHrtnhybnkhibiullngtrungthnhcamnhiviStalinvtchmnh
rakhigiilnhothintcaQucDnng,nhngngichytrnsangHNivo
cuinm1938.NhngbcthcanggichotNotreVoixbaogmnhngtrchdntuyn
truyntngitncphphiTrotskyisttnhngphintocdinMoscow.ng
cngnhcnnhngphintocobucgiiTrotskyistticKhuDinAnvonm1937.
Suynghthtscangivinhngphintonyvnlmtiubn.Nhngngdn
ra s kin nm 1937 khi nhng ngi Trung Quc Trotskyist ln n vic cng sn ku gi
thnhlpmttrnthngnhtviQucDnnglmtsphnbi.[42]Tngcngng
vit4biboQuLmphphiTrotskyist.Trongtptiliuvitnm1939NguynVn
CcngnhnmnhmiedotphiTrotskyistcnphicnhnnhnthung.Ta
nnnhrngtiVitNam,cucutranhchngphiTrotskyistvnlmttranhchpchnhtr
nhmtranhginhnhhngmtrongchaibnucnhngvkhnhnhauldin
thuytvboch.
Tnhhnhquctthayi
nthng8vngthng91939tnhhnhchnhtrthgiigpphnmnhmhnbaogi
trong nhng tranh lun ni b ca CS ng Dng. Ngy 23 thng 8 Hip c Molotov
Ribbentropckkt,ngaylptctoiukinchonhngngicngsnthnMoscow
lin minh vi nc c Quc X. Chin tranh n ra chu u khi c tn cng Ba Lan vo
ngy1thng9.Ngy28thng9TonQuynPhpngDngtCSngDngv
nhng t bo ca n ngoi vng php lut. Trong nhng tun l k tip ngi Php bt u
rung b nhng thnh vin cng sn, c Trotskyist ln Stalinist, vic bt gi ny tip tc
trongsutmathuvnnm1940.NhngtrongkhimiquanhhunghgiaLinXv
cthngcxemgnnhlmtthmhochoCSngDng,[43]cbngchng
rngnhiuthnhvinCSngDngphilntrnvocuithng10vtmcchli
DinVvHoiAn
194
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
dnghoncnhchnhtrmi.HipcQucXLinXtoiukinchonhngngi
cngsnmtlnnanglnkinquynchngliqucPhp.TrongthikMtTrnDn
Ch,hbpbucphinghnhngcnglnhbovncPhpcngnhnhngnlc
chiumlnhtingDng.Giymtlnnahcthhotngkhuyngtinh
thn phn chin trong hng ng binh lnh ngi Vit trong qun i Php, vo thi im m
victuynmlnhngycngtcngh[44].
Vnlnhongngycngtrnnphctptronggiaionnyvnhiungicmu
trongncbbtgivviclinlcgiaminnamvminbctrnnkhkhnhn.Ti
TrungQuc,vothng11,qunNhttinvphatynNamNinhvLongChu,hunh
gnstbingiiVitNam.NguntiliucacngsnTrungQucnirngHChMinh
tm cch bt lin lc vi i din ca CS ng Dng Long Chu trong khong ma thu
1939,nhngphivinyphiquayvVitNamsmvbcphtschtin.[45]Saukhi
iht3ngy,HquayvliQuLm.Cuchuynnycthlchnhxcnhngkhng
chotabitctoncnhbctranhvnlccaHtrongvicbtlinlcviUBanTrung
ngCSngDng.Vothng41940SLimPhngtmthymtbcthbnmh
tinrnglmangchvitcaNguynThMinhKhaikhihkhmxtnginhcamtng
vintiGianh.GingvnmnhmvmangtnhphphniviUBanTrungngtht
ngngcnhin.Ncvitchonhngibiucamtcuchpmbcquynthamd
nhng li khng c quyn biu quyt. B ni rng trong hai nm qua b ang lm vic vi
nhngbphnlnho,vthtacthoncrngbcthcvittrongkhong
thigiancaHiNghLn6CSngDngctchctiHcMnvothng111939.
Bcthvit:
CcngCh!
ChngtacnphiphncnggpmtngiaL.v!Tisaolicnhngbtcpnhth
ny?Ccngchvnchaquytnhcimhn.CnghalL.phichimtthi
giandimkhngcainngc.Tiangmongchvicemngyvnhngtivnkhng
bitnigpguvhnnativnchanhncbtcchthnovvicny.[...]
TiTrungQucangxyranhngskintrngicthnhhngnUBanTrungng
ca chng ta. Chng ta phi gii quyt vn ny v vn ti chnh cng rt quan trng.
Chngtaangckhongvitrmngbc(ngPiasterND)vvnangiquytnht
UBanTrungnghocKU.Ccngchphigimtngingtincynlytin.
UBanTrungngscyucubtrcngtcmtcchcthhn.Vcnhthnyth
ilcchngtacgngrtnhiu nhngktqulikhng cbaonhiuvs phnchia
khngngutrongcngvic.
Tibitychlkincamtnlu,dngiyclvphmchtchnhtrvnkhngto
ctintng.Nhngtinghrngvtrcytilmvicviccngchy,ti
cha c nhng xut hoc lm nhng vic g i ngc li vi tiu ch hoc ch trng ca
ng[46].
DinVvHoiAn
195
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Ging vnyquynlccabcthlmtaonc rngMinhKhai t nhnbl i

din ca QTCS hoc ca Ban Ch Huy Hi Ngoi ca CS ng Dng. Vi vic L Hng
Phongangbbtgi,trchnhimnyhinnhincttrnvaib.Nhngnhbcth
cabnir,nhngthnhvintrongngkhngthchnhnchthtmtphn;cth
hnghrngbbttunthnglnhvlinlcviL.hocnhngngminhcamnh
tiBcKnhGip,emrcab.Khibcthnycvit,SLimPhngchoblvb
caLHngPhong.HaingichungmtnhtiChLnvcthtnhtlngvai
vchng.Dsaotrongnm1937ngiPhpchorngbcgianhnhngkhngsng
chungvichng[47].TvicHChMinhanggpkhkhntrongviclinlcviUBan
Trungng,khnngrtlnlngimangtnL.trongbcthcabthtslLin.Bc
thcthcvitkhivicktnilinlctiLongChubthtbi,trckhingiNht
chimgithtrnnyvocuithng11/1939.
HiNghLn6vcuckhinghanm1940
NguynVnCtHNinSiGnvomathu1939thamgiaHiNghLn6caCS
ngDng(ngbtrcxutkhiBcKvomah1938,khngbaolusaukhingm
nhim chc v mi [48]). y l cuc hp cui cng ca U Ban Trung ng trc khi cuc
khingha1940ttonnsthayilntronghthnglnhong.BnthnNguyn
VnCbbtvothng11940cngviLDun,mtcutCnohotngtiSiGn
trong nm 1939 [49]. Phan ng Lu, L Dun v V Vn Tn l ba thnh vin thng c
nhcnlthamgiatrongcuchpctchctngy68thng11tiHcMn.Hong
QucVitdngnhkhngthamgiavnganglntrnphabcHNi;idinca
UBanTrungngTrungKlNguynChDiutronglcyangnmlitvbnhlao.Mt
thnhvinkhcthamgialTUyn,ngigcNinhBnh,anghotngtiminnamsau
khingvtngcCnovonm1935.LthnhvincathnhphnnguynthucaCS
ngDngtnm1929,llchcangchobitlnganglbthXUNamKvothi
gianngbbtvothng101940.[50]MinhKhaidngnhkhngphilthnhvinUBan
Trungngtronggiaionnymcdtrongnm1940ngiPhpxcnhnblbthU
BanTrungng.
HiNghln6cphnngivinhngthayicatnhhnhthgiivocuinm1939
bngcchkugivicthnhlpmtMtTrnThngNhtPhn.Giiphngtncgi
y tr thnh mc tiu trng yu ca CS ng Dng. Trong mt vn bn pht hnh vo
thng 12, nhng ngi cng sn ku gi nhng lc lng u tranh ca giai cp v sn,
nhn dn lao ng ca nhng quc gia nh b ng ln chin u, dp tt ngn la chin
tranhbngcchtiuditngungccanlhthngtbnquc[51].Bntuynngnku
gi chm dt vic gi lnh Vit sang Php v nhng nc khc; n cng ku gi thnh phn
cng sn ng h Lin X cng nh nhng cuc cch mng ti Php, Trung Quc v trn th
gii[52].Theophinbnccngbvonm1983vNghQuytHiNghln6,cuchp
ny khi phc chnh sch n ho trong thi k 1930 ca H Ch Minh v vn tch thu
DinVvHoiAn
196
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
rungt[53].NhngtngphnvinhngtuynbtHiNghln8vonm1941,nhng
tiliucanm1939vnchyunhmvotnglpcngnngvdnchng.MtmtCS
ngDngangquaylinhnglnhvcquenthucmnhngnhhotngnhHCh
MinhcthnhliphongtrophnchintrongthikChinTranhThGiithNht.Trong
thi gian y tng lp x hi thin t v Bolshevik khng tha nhn nhng mc tiu chin
tranhcatnglpthngtr.Trongkhi,nghinangngtrnlptrngmnhc
th gn gi hn vi thnh phn cnh t ca mnh trong khi ang chun b v th quay li
nhngcucutranhbolchnnhmltquynlccaPhp.
SauvicNguynVnCbbtvothng11940khngrlchicghlnhoangtrng
c thay th ra sao. Vic C bin khi sn khu chnh tr dng nh to ra cn khng
hongtrongCSngDngvnvnchagiiquytxongchonHiNghln8vonm
1941.Cthlvonm1940haixuthkhcnhaubntrongngliniln,tngtnhvic
chiarcaThanhNinHithigian19289.Trongkhongthng3hocthng4,VVnTnb
bt,lmmtimtlnhochcht[54].nnm1940,hainhhotnghpphptiBc
KlVNguynGipvPhmVnngbtumnhnvaitrlinlcgiaUBanTrung
ngvnhngngicngsnminnamTrungQuc.TronglcytiNamKphongtro
chngPhpchisinhvxemvicktnpthnhvintronghngngqunilmt
trongnhngnhimvchnhcamnh.KhcthnicnhnggangxyratiVnNam
v Qung Ty c iu phi cht ch ra sao vi nhng hot ng ti Nam K cng nh
nhngvngkhctiVitNam.NhngthnhvincngsncgngtmcchnCnMinh
gpHChMinhvBanChHuyHiNgoi trongnm1940lnhngngicquanhmt
thitnhtvinhngchnhschcaMtTrnLinMinhDnCh.NgoiGipvng,nhng
nginybaogmcungvinTnVitlPhanngLu.MtphnctnlLThLan
cthycgpHChMinhtiVnNamvothng5vthng61940.iunglul
mtbococangiPhpvothng6cnhcnvicCSngDngcnhs
dngthnhvinnnhiuhnnatrongcngtctuyntruynvlinlc[55].
Vothng61940nhngchibcaCSngDngtrongvngoinccuicngtphp
livinhau.HChMinhnVnNam,thphcaCnMinhvounm.Saukhitht
bitrongvicbtlinlcviCSngDngvomathu1939,ngccholquayli
QuLmvtmcchnQuDng(GuiYangND)vTrngKhnh(ChongQingND).Ti
ynggpliChunLaimtlnna,theotiliucaTrungQuc.[56]Vivicthayi
chnhschthnhlnhcaMoscowvothng81939,nhngngiVitchchnrtnnnng
hchicchpdngchinthutcaringh.(HnlHgpChutrckhiChuiMoscow
vounm1940[57]).TiliucaVitNamvitrngHcnggpHHcLm,nging
hng ca ng ti Trng Khnh, Lm vn cn nm trong B Tng Tham Mu ca Quc Dn
ng[58].
NhngngicngsnVitNamangbinCnMinhtrthnhtrungtmhotngcamnh
lnhngthnhphnbaogmnhngcuhcvinThanhNintiQungChuvnhngcu
ngvincaVitNamQucDnngangnngnutiVnNamtnm1930.Trongs
DinVvHoiAn
197
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
nhngthnhvinThanhNinthHongVnHoanvPhngChKinlhainginibtnht.
GingnhHChMinh,KinvncxemlthnhvincaUBanTrungngCSng
Dngchonnm1938.[59]ngtrthnhngingucaBanChHuyHiNgoi
vactithit.LailchcahaithnhvinkhctrongnhmnylVAnh(TrnhngHi)
v Cao Hng Lnh hoc Lnh th t r rng hn. C hai r rng u l nhng ngi cng sn
thunthnhvthngthotingHoa.CthhlnhngngitrongnhmNamKinhchung
quanhHHcLm.Vonm1935VAnhvmtcungvinVitNamQucDnngl
TrnHKinhcCSngDnggiixydngmttchccngsntiVnNam.
HktnphaihcvintitrngotosquanCnMinhlBicMinhvLTng
Sn,nhngnginyangbtmnvigiilnhoVitNamQucDnng[60].Haingi
nytrthnhtrctcanhmcngsnhingoi,BicMinhlngidnngcho
GipvngkhihnCnMinhvothng51940.Cthvncnmtsngcngnhnc
linhviVitNamQucDnngtiVnNamvonm1940,dctheotuynngstH
NiCnMinh.McdmttrnthngnhtanghinhutiTrungQuc,nhngngicng
snvnthngdngmttchctrhnhnoytrnhbnhngngiQucDnnga
phngquyry.MtstiliucaVitNamchobitHChMinhvPhngChKinthc
hin mt chuyn kim tra dc theo tuyn ng st Vn Nam vo thng 4 1940. H khuyn
khchgiicngsnVitNamtngcngcngtctuyntruyndctheotuynng,kugi
dnchngVitNamchnglingiPhpvnghTrungQuckhngNht,dngvbc
caHipHiNgiVitngHCucKhngChinTrungQuccheynhnghotng
camnh[61].
VNguynGipklirngngvPhmVnngptuhotHNivouthng5
1940.HgpBic MinhtiYnBi,Minhahichngsaubngngsng.Saukhi
bng qua sng ti Lo Cai qua Trung Quc, h n mc nh ngi Trung Quc tip tc
cuchnhtrnhnCnMinh.[62]iukllvongy13thng5SLimPhngnhnc
mtbocorngmtnginhpcvantTyAn,TrnBQuc,vLThLanri
VnNamPhbngtuhovongy12thng5.HdnhsinbingiiVitNamvi
bquaVitNam,bnbocochobit.Nginngnvnnhmthcgivnginb
mctrangphcKhchGia(HakkaND)[63].NgiPhpnhndinnginngnylH
Ch Minh. C th l H Ch Minh hy vng gp c hai i din t H Ni ti bin gii.
NhngtheolikcaGip,ngvngiCnMinhchonuthng6trckhiH,
gicgitheobdanhctHngKnglVng,xuthin.Vothiimnythtiliu
caVitNamkhngchobitrvcuctholunxyrasau.Nhngcmtbnboco
divyucutrgipmHsonthogichoCSTrungQucvothng71940cthlkt
qucamtquytnhchungtctrongthng.BococaSLimPhngvothng
121940chobitrngPhanngLuthnhnsaukhibbtrngngcngcmttiVn
Namvothng6.[64]MtbocokhccaSLimPhngvongy9thng61940cp
vvicnhngngicngsnngDngangtrvnc.Boconhcnc4ngi
ng hnh l: Trn B Quc, L Th Lan (bn bo co khng nh ngi ny khng phi l
Nguyn Th Minh Khai, cn c bit n nh C Duy, L Minh Xun hoc Trn Th Lan),
DinVvHoiAn
198
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
DngBLinhvNguynCngNam[65].LcGipvngcnTrungQucthnglyb
danhlDngHoiNamvLmBKit.Vthchngtakhngth chcchnbnnhnvt
nylai.DanhphncangiphnvnlmtbnnhngngiPhpclcngquhp
tpkhiktlunrngnginykhngphilMinhKhai.Hkhngcbngchngchcchn
vduvtcabthinghvomathu1937chonkhibbbttiChLnvohtun
thng71940,mcdhtinrngbsinhmtbgivounm1939.nthng51940bb
chimcaSLimPhngnhndinlbthUBanTrungng,vthvicbthamgiavo
nhmngiiVnNamlrtcl[66].
BococaHvtnhhnhngDngcngviyucutrgipngy12thng71940,
ctrnhbyviphongcchvcngcnktheokhunkhcaQTCS.Nbaogmmtphn
tchvhintnhchinlctingDngvthicaquctvtnglaicavngny.
Tcgibocovitrngvocuinm1929ngquayvHngKngtchcmthingh
gmccthnhphncngsn,tacthginhrngtcgichnhlHChMinh.nglinh
vicPhpuhngcvongy16thng61940lngymttcngiVituvuimng,
tinrngthiimthuntinltchthngtrcaPhpn.Vvicnychngtich
thiunhngngilnhovtchc.VtisaoCSkhnglnhlytrchnhimtchcv
lnhony?Biv8090%ccngvinkcubbt,vnhngngvinmikhngc
kinhnghimhocthclc.Vnlkuginhndnnglnchngticnmtngi
cnhhng,mtngistincngmtcchquytonvmnhm[67].PhntchcaH
vchcaNhtchothyrngngkhngnhntrccmihptcgiaNhtvchnh
phVichycaPhphngDngscthitlpvothng91940.Hinti,ng
vit,Nhtangcgngnmlyncny(ngDng).NgiNhtcchHNich3
gingh,trongkhilclngcnhimcahangsnsngbvoHiPhngbtc
lcno,ngni.McdchnhquyntingDngtuynbnghHingLondon
cancPhpTDo,nglurngtrnthcthangitnhngbnynnhngb
khcivingiNht.[68]Nhngngliktlunrng,mcdNhtangmnh,hkhng
thdngtonblclngbohngDng,vbmyqunskhnglcahang
angbtrichntrongcucchintiTrungQuc.QuniPhptingDngnichunga
phnbaogmbinhlnhbnx,ngchra,vnuchngtacthkugihc,hhoct
nhtmtstronghschnglingiPhp(hocngaycNht].ngcnglurngcc
lclngchngPhpccnhngngminhln:ngoiLinXcncTrungQucvn
.Mttnhthscthnhhnhkhincchomtngilntingkugi,tonb
ng ng ln. Ni tm li, ng vit, nhng iu kin khch quan ang c li cho thnh
cngcachngti,nhnglclngchquanngcachngtithlirtyu...hinticc
ngchkcuykinhnghimcachngtiangrnxittrongngct.Vthqunchng
khngcngicmuvkhngthlidngcthicnghnnmcmtny[69].
thayihintnh,gipngthchinnhimvlchscamnh,nggiithchrngh
cnphitncngtbnngoi.lmcvicnyhcn:(1)ctdoqualibingii;(2)
mt s v kh; (3) mt s tr gip v ti chnh; v (4) mt vi c vn. Khi chng ti c c
nhngthny,chngtihontoncthtoracmthucchngphtxtNht,ng
DinVvHoiAn
199
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
vit.Ngoira,ngktlun,nuchngticthlidngnhngmuthunbntrongbn
qucthnhlpvmrngmtmttrnthngnhtcaqunchngbpbc,thtnglai
sng ln cng khng cn xa my [70] Li yu cu ny dng nh l phng n u tin
thnhlplclngvtrangVitMinh.Ncngcthlduhiuutinvnhnvtc
bitnlNguyniQucangchunbbinmnhthnhvlnhoqucgiaHChMinh,
mt con ngi y nh hng lun sn sng ra tay tn cng. S yu km ca CS ng
Dngdngnhtonnmtkhungthigiantnhtl6thngn1nmkhochni
dycthkhis.
Vo ma h 1940, B Phn 6 (chuyn nm thng tin) ca Quc Dn ng Trung Quc nhn
ctinrngmtthnhvincngsnngiVitangtmcchtipxcviCSTrungQuc.
HbocorngcmtngvincngsntminnamlTrnVnHinhnDinAn
vnthng8,haibnTrungQucvVitNamtcmtthothuntngtr.(Khng
rrngnginychuyngiaoyucucaHChMinhhayylmttipxcringvi
CSTrungQuc).KinhChenlitknhngiukhontrongbnthothunnhsau:(1)xy
dngmtMtTrnThngNhtcanhndnHoaVitchngNht;(2)mrngtchcv
trangcngsnvbtucchotngdukch;(3)linhipCSngDngvittccc
ng chnh tr khc trong n lc thit lp mt Mt Trn Thng Nht cho Nn c Lp Quc
Gia, (4) bin mc tiu u tranh ca CS ng Dng tr thnh Chng Quc Php v
ChngPhongKin;(5)githnhvinCSngDngnDinAnhctptiiHc
KhngNht;v(6)nhngthnhvinCSTrungQucanglmidintiPhngThng
Tin Chu ca QTCS tr thnh ngi hng dn CS ng Dng, v ph gip 50 nghn
ngTrungQuchngthngchoCSngDng[71].Thothunnyphnnhsbtlc
caCSPhptrongvictiptccvnchongiVit,vlmtkhiucavicchpnhn
phc tng ca CS ng Dng i vi CS Trung Quc. Tho thun trn c th l khng
trnh khi vo thi im ny trong qu trnh pht trin ca CS ng Dng v lin lc trc
tipviQTCSdngnhbgimthiu.(YucutrgipcaHginCSTrungQuc
khngcdchsangtingNgamichonnm1942;vicncmttronghscaQTCS
rasaothkhngcr).HikcaGipnirngtiBcKangtholunviccnthitphi
phchiliLinHipCcDnTcChuBpBc[72],mtnhcHaratrong
kt lun ca bn yu cu vin tr ca ng. Dng nh t chc dng lm v bc lin kt
nhng ngi cngsn chu vo nhng nm19256 v 192830 angccn nhc bin
thnhgungmychomttrnkhngNhtdoTrungQucdnu.
Vo thng 7 1940 ngi Php bt u thu thp chng c ti Nam K v mm mng ca mt
cuc ni dy. H tin rng vo cui thng 6 1940, U Ban Trung ng CS ng Dng
thng qua mt iu lnh ch o ng vin chun b mt cuc khi ngha v trang [73]. Bn
tngtrnhnycthangnivcuchpctchctiCnMinhvothng61940,v
thcsangcnhiuthnhvincaUBanTrungnghnlsthnhvincnlianglu
lctiNamK.NhngnginybaogmPhngChKin,HChMinh,PhanngLuvc
lccNguynThMinhKhai.SLimPhngcngbocorngngVitNamgimt
thnh vin ngi Hoa thuc CS ng Dng n Trung Quc yu cu CS Trung Quc
DinVvHoiAn
200
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
huthuncucnidy[74].Chngtakhngbitcvicnycphiangnivchuyni
caPhanngLunVnNamhocnhngdichuyncaTrnVnHinhcghinhn
biQucDnng,hoccmtmilinhnokhcgiaCSTrungQucvNamKquachi
bcaCSTrungQuctiSiGnhaykhng.NgiPhpccbngchngchcchn
vcngtcchunbchomtcuckhinghavtrangkhihbtgiNguynThMinhKhaiti
vnphngcaUBanTrungngChLnvongy30thng7/1940,cngvingit
chnhtrtngvtngclNguynHuTin.Hthugicnhngtiliumhmiut
llinquannmtcucnidydoCSngDngchunbthchinkhithicthun
lin.Huhtnhngtiliutrnchacquayrnvphnphtnccthnhvin.
MtsontrongstiliubtchthumangchtrngchngliquniPhpvthnhng
ngivabbtcgiaochotonquni[75].SudChonchirdsenvitrngnhngtiliu
ny bao gm vic thnh lp mt t chc khng chin, k hoch ph hoi v chin thut du
kch[76].NhngngvinbbtchungviMinhKhailNguynHuTin(GioHoi),cng
nhTUyn,mtcuthnhvincaCSngDngctHNam.Haingicngvt
ngcCnovomaxun1935.
DngnhcmtmilinhgiacuchptiCnMinhvothng61940,khngcghi
nhntronglchsngnhlmtphinhpchnhthccaCS ngDng,vkhiu
caphongtrokhngchinbntrongVitNam.NhngtnhngbinchuynsautiNam
K,tacthnghingrngnhngkhochmHChMinhtholunviccngchca
mnhvyucutrgipmnggichoCSTrungQucthcstothnhmts
chocuckhinghaNamK,ckhistngy23thng11haykhng.HChMinh,mt
ngilpkhochythntrng,chchnkhngnghmtlchtrnhcptcchocuc
khinghaangthnhhnhNamKgiathng9vthng111940.nnm1930,dngnh
cnhduychtrongngvichtrngtoramtkhinghabolcmangtnhtngtrng
tronglngquniPhp,lngicmtrchchonhngskinxyratrongnhngthng
mathu.MtnguntiliucaVitNamchorngtimtcuchpcaXUNamKc
tchctiMThovothng71940,mtnhmibiuchtrnghonkhinghavcc
lclngcangquyu.NhmnginybaogmnhngibiutSignChLn,
nhngtnhminngvPhanngLu,cxemlidincaNamKtiUBanTrung
ng.Nhngthnhphnasbiuquyttiptckhingha.nlcnythPhanng
LunghnnthamkhovitonthUBanTrungng[77].SaukhiPhanngLub
btvothng11,ngkhairngcuckhinghadonhngthnhphnccttrongng
chtrnghkhngthmnnhnglikhuyntBanChpHnhngUNamK
vvicngsnsnghaycha[78].
MtstiliucaVitNammcthlTrnHuyLiuchorngMtTrnPhntipha
Namcckthnhcngtrongvicchiudthnhphnbinhlnhbnx.Trongbivitca
ngvcucKhiNghaNamKngnirngcmtsnhmlnhtiGianhvChLn,
ckhilnn300ngi,btrnvorngcngvivkhchunbkhinghachng
Php.Vothng111940,khingiPhpangchunbgiqunnvngbingiiThiMin
chnglivicThianglnchim,Liuvitrngcn15.000(sic]binhlnhngiVitti
DinVvHoiAn
201
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
SiGn,gmchainvphobinh,angchunbbiutnhphnivichphithamchin.
C n hai phn ba lnh ngi Vit sn sng i theo cch mng vo thi im y, cng vi
15.000 thng dn min nam, Liu vit [79]. Nhng ngun ti liu khc vit rng tc tng
trngnhanhchngcachibphanamvothiimsauHipcMolotovRibbentrop.[80]
NhngdngnhngiPhpnmcthngtincaphongtromtcchddngkhin
nravothng11.
NhtvPhpinthothunhptcqunsvongy22thng91940,trongchophp
Nhtgi6.000quntiBcK,cquynsdng4snbaytiBcKvdichuynqunt
BcKnVnNam.[81]Nhngvomkktthothun,Nhttncngkhngldovo
nbingiingngcaPhp,dnn3ngygiaochingialnhPhpvNht.Ngi
VittrongtchccNhthuthunVitNamPhcQucngMinhHithamgiatrong
trnchintiLngSn,trongkhitihuynBcSnmtcucnidydoCSngDngcm
uxyravongy23thng9.KhngctikhuvcVLngxyraltchonngy23
thng 10, khi ngi Php quay li dp tt nhng chin binh cch mng. [82] Mt ln na
nhngngicngsnthyrrngngiNhtskhngnhbtngiPhphuthuncho
cclclngqucgiangiVit,mcchngnhncaMtTrnPhnphitithm
nh.
KhiPhanngLuiBcKthamvnvothng101940,khngrlngthamgiamt
cuchpno,hocquynhncanccngbphanamcngnhnhaykhng.William
Duiker(nhshcMND)datrnnhngcucphngvncaHNi,vitrngLugp
nhngthnhvincaXUBcK,nhngnginyvouthng111940titchcU
BanTrungng,cngXunKhu,tcTrngChinh,lmquynTngBTh.[83]Nhng
thnhvinkhcgmcHongQucVit(nmtrongUBanTrungngtnhtlt1937],
HongVnThvTrnngNinh,ngiangchophongtrokhinghaBcSn.yc
vlcutrlihplnhtchoskhnghongtronggiilnhoCSngDngc
giiquytrasao,mcdkhngrlcuchpthng11cxemnhlHiNghLn7t
khino,hocnhngthnhvintrongUBanTrungngtiCnMinhthamgiaquytnh
haykhng.iunglultiVinBoTngCchMngtiThnhPhHChMinhcgi
mtthngbokhndidngtritngBTrungBcKginBanChpHnhU
BanTrungngCSngDngyucugipcucKhiNghaNamK.Cucnidy
btuvongy23thng11,tthngbovit;nhimvcangBTrungBcKlem
thanh th ca nhng ngi tham gia khi ngha bng cch nh ng nhng lc lng
quc.[84]Nutiliunylthtthnchothytnhtmtsngvinphanamvnngh
rngBanChpHnhangtiNamK.Nhng S LimPhngvothng 12 1940 tng
trnhrngPhanngLuthnhnlngiBcKvothng101940,chcchnl
thamgiacuchpcaUBanTrungngCSngDng,ccholdinravongy
5,6v7thng11[85].
Dth,cuchpmPhanngLuthamdbiuquytngdingykhinghamin
namnhngmunphttrincclclngvtrangtiBcSn[86].HoclkincaUBan
DinVvHoiAn
202
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Trungngkhngncchibminnamnglc,hoctheonhmtsnguntiliu,
k hoch i qu xa nn khng th hu b. Phan ng Lu b bt khi va n Si Gn,
ngaytrckhiTUynbbt.NgiPhptmcchbmstckhochkhinghanh
btcnhngnhnvtchcht.Dohuhtnhngmctiucacuckhinghanh
vicnhchimNhLaoChnhtiSiGncngnchn.Vicnidynglotcabinh
lnhbnxbdpttngaytukhihbnhttrongdoanhtri.CthngiPhpngin
chichnhngngitchcratayltinhnhbtgi.Mtbcintnnm1941gicho
nh cmquyn thuc a ca chnh phVichy litknhng thit hitcuc nidy nh
sau:30tvongtrongc3ngiPhp,30bthngtrongcngc3ngiPhp.Mts
nn nhn b tn cng mt cch tn bo. Vn cha tm li c 40 khu trong s 130 sng
trngvsngngnbnhcp.Nhiutonhbttr,cucng,ngdyinvdy
thpbphhoi.cDecouxchorngmcbolcqughtnvthkhngthnng
tayvibtkngilnhocaCSngDngnobbtgi[87].
NhngvbtbvthnhtheosaucucnidybtthnhphvnnmngCSng
Dngtiminnam.Cn100nhnvtcmubnthnh,theoliTrnHuyLiu.[88]
HHuyTp,NguynVnC,PhanngLu,VVnTn,NguynThMinhKhaivNguyn
HuTinbxbnvothng81941.LHngPhong,LDunvnhiuthnhvincngsn
hpphpnhDngBchMaivNguynVnTobcmtmichonkhingiNhtu
hngvonm1945(LHngPhongchttiCnovonm1942].VicnylmchoU
BanTrungngvamitithitBcKphitchcccu,trnlthuytlchunbcho
cucutranhludiginhclp.Trngtmcanggiychuynsangphabnkia
bingiiTrungQuc,niHChMinhvnhngngvinhingoiangbtuthitlplin
lcgip hthamdvophongtrogiiphngVitNamdoQucDnngTrungQuc
huthun.NnlnhochnhthngmicanggiycchuynsangHChMinhv
nhng ng ch ca ng t nhng nm ca nhng kho o to ti Qung ng. Ngay c
Trng Chinh vo nm 1941 cng cn n s ph chun ca H Ch Minh c chp
thunvochcvngung.ivinhngngvinthucthh192835,clnhm
lnhonyctuytnnht:hhailnthamgiavonhngmttrnthngnhtvitng
lp t sn Quc Dn ng v ch c vi ngi trong h c v sn ho. V Nguyn Gip,
ngistrthnhmttrongnhngcnhtayclccaHChMinh,chmitrthnhng
vinchnhthcvonm1937.[89]QukhcanglmthcsinhhotngchoTnVitvo
nhngnm192830vlmtnhbotrongmttrnthngnhttiHNitorangvc
dimtmtsngvinCSngDng.ChcPhngChKinlthtsckinhnghim
khitngthamgiaHngQunTrungQuc.Nhnghlilnhngngingvaitrch
otrongnm1941,khitchcVitMinhbtuthnhhnh.
DichuynnbingiivHiNghln8
Vo thng 10 1940 H Ch Minh v nhng ph t ca ng chuyn t Cn Minh v Qu Lm.
Chnhvothiimnynhngngicngsnhingoiquytnhsdngvbccat
DinVvHoiAn
203
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
chcVitNamcLpngMinhHi,gittlVitMinhchomttrnqucgiacamnh.
ycngchnhltchccsnglptiNamKinhbiHHcLm,HongVnHoan,L
ThitHng,PhiVn,NguynHiThnvnhngngikhcvonm1936.Vnvnlmtt
chcchnhthccngktiTrungQucnnccucanrtphhpvinhngmcch
caH.HHcLm,mcdangnmvintiQuLm,vnlmtnhnvtngucuy
tn v c quan h mt thit vi B Tng Tham Mu ca Quc Dn ng. Qua H Hc Lm,
nhngngicngsnVitNamcthlinlcviTngLTThm,tlnhqunkhuTy
NamcaQucDnngtiQuLm[90].iutrtrulLTThmchnhlvtngm
H Ch Minh tng t co l ngi ch mu ph hu phong tro nng dn Qung ng vo
nhng nm 19267; ng cng chnh l ngi p tan S Vit Qung Chu vo thng 12 1927.
NhngnhngnmsaunynglitrthnhngichngiTngGiiThchvgiyc
ththyrngvichptcvinhngngiqucgiaVitMinhrtquantrngtrongvicni
rnghotngkhngNht.HgipnngcaouytncaVitMinhbngcchkugithnh
lpHoaVitVnHongChHi,baogmnhngngivolcccholnhngcy
vit cp tin. H Hc Lm v Phm Vn ng tr thnh thnh vin ca hi ng iu hnh
[91].NhngkinhnghimcaHvothikucamttrnthngnhttiQungng,khi
ngthnhlpLinHipccDnTcbpBc,gicemvosdng.
Vo cui nm 1940 khi ln sng ca nhng ngi t nn t nhng cuc khi ngha tht bi
minbcsangTrungQuc,nhngngiqucgiaVitNamchuynnphanamTrnhTy
(JingXiND),mtthtrncchbingiiVitNamkhong65dm.TrngPhtKhu,gil
tngtlnhTChinKhu,gimtthnhvincaVitNamQucDnnglTrng
BiCngiTrnhTythunpnhngngitnnvomticngtcbingii.[92]
cmtsthnhvincngsnnhLQungBavHongSmtrongnhmtnnnyvH
ChMinhnhanhchnggibacnbgiinhtcamnhivphanamgianhp.Nhng
ngi ny l V Nguyn Gip, V Anh v Cao Hng Lnh. H khuyn H rng ng nn n
TrnhTy cngvi h.KhiHi v phanamcng vi Phm Vn ng,PhngCh Kin v
HongVnHoan,ngemtheo3thcncc,uclmtrongnm1940.Theolik
caTrngPhtKhu,nhnggiynychngnhnngl(1)thnhvincaHiPhngVin
ThanhNinTrungQuc;v(2)PhngVincBitcaDchVTinTcQucT;tmcncc
thbalGiyPhpiLicaNhnVinthucBChHuyTChinKhu.Ttcccgiyt
trnumangtnHChMinh[93].Tnnycnghalconngisngsutnht,nh
duvictodngnnmtnhnvtmi,mangtnhchtcamtbclnhouynbcvmt
mnkhhnhcachnhnghadntc.
SaukhiHnTrnhTyvothng121940,nggiVAnhnvngbingiithuctnh
CaoBngchnlamtkhuvcantondnglmcnccchmng,theohikcaVAnh
[94]. Chnh vo lc ny H m mt lp o to ti hai ngi lng bin gii cho khong 40
ngitnnVitNamcGipvccngchcangtuynlatiCngTcBinGii
caTrngBiCng.VAnhnirngngchnmtchichangtiPcBlmnitrn
anton phabnnybingiichonhng ngicngsnqucgia.Nhngtheonhngtng
trnhcangiPhptnm1941chothychichangnynghnlcdnglm
DinVvHoiAn
204
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
ninnucaqundukchivgiaVitNamvTrungQuc[95].HChMinhccho
l quay li Vit Nam vo thng 2 1941 nhng tht ra ng ginh phn ln thi gian ca
mnhtinhngxmnhthucphabnkiaTrungQuc.
HChMinhvnhmcngsnctcncangtiptchotngthnhcngbntrongc
chcamttrnthngnhttrongnm1941trongkhiangnililinlcviCSngDng
tiBcKvTrungK.Vounm1941BicMinhvHongVnThvtquabin
giitholunnhngchngtrnhchoHiNghTonThcaUBanTrungnglnth8.
[96]Hinghnylmttronghaiphinhpquantrngctchcvomaxun1941ti
TrnhTy,nhngcuchpnhm cngc nhnglinhgiahaibnbingiitic haitng
lp.Vothng4mtcuchpcaVitNamDnTcGiiPhngngChHi,mttchc
mttrnthngnhtkhc,doTrngBiCngvHHcLmtchcdinra.TheoKing
Chen,htnhncacuchpmtnyltchcVitMinh[97].Chennirngng,Gipv
HongVnHoanlnhngnhnvtchchtcaGiiPhngngChHikhihtvn
nyviLTThmvocuinm1940,vthnhlpmtvnphngtrbtiTrnhTy.[98]
HinyrrnglngnhtvimttrnthngnhtcaQucDnngvdngthuyt
TamDncaTnDtTinnhlchthuytcnbn.Ntiptctrthnhmtcxehuch
choVitMinhcngsnchoncuinm1941,khinhngcngthngtrongmttrnthngnht
giaCSTrungQucvQucDnngngnimbngn.
VictchcHiNghln8caCSngDngcngcthihicngtcngoigiaot
nhtrongtpthtchcVitMinh.VicnycnhnnhcucgpgchnhthccaH
Ch Minh v U Ban Trung ng k t khi H tr v min nam Trung Quc. n ma xun
1941,khiccchibcacbaminVitNamangbngiPhpkhngbddi,dngnh
nhng ngi ng u X U Bc K khng c t cch g t chi quyn lnh o t
nhngngicngsnhingoi.Nhngquanhmongmanhgianhngngicngsncn
ctdotiVitNamcbcltrongcchthctincibiutiTrungKchoHiNgh
ln8.MttrongshlBiSan,saunybngiPhpbtvkhaiviSLimPhng
rngnggpPhanngLutiVinhvocuinm1940.LuphingiHNitilp
linlcgianhngcsng thuc BcvTrungK.Vohtunthng121940nhnc
mtbcthyucunggihaiibiuidhingh.ngiCaoBngvcuithng1
1941 vi H Xun Lu [99]. Theo bn khai ca cnh st v hai ngi cng sn Trung K ny,
cuchpmhthamgiaxyragnLongChu;ycthlcchnhlchngSLim
Phng,nhngcnctheonhngtngtrnhmSLimPhngcc,hinghchcchc
dinrabnngoiVitNam.MtchimcbdanhlUrsulebocovicnhstBcK
rng cuc hp c t chc ti mt ngi nh hai tng xy bn sn ni cch Trnh Ty,
QungTy45cys.UBanTrungnghptilumt,trongkhiXUBcKhpti
tngtrt.Haicuchpctchclintipnhau,HChMinhthamdhinghUBan
TrungngvobuisngvhinghXUvobuichiu[100].
NidungcanhngcuctholuntiHiNghln8cCSVitNamghichpli
chngttmnhnxacaHChMinh[101].Vicngcthcsontrcccsxm
DinVvHoiAn
205
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
lcNga,xyravongy22thng5,thkhngcbitr.Nhngthnhcngthcscang
l vic hp nht CS ng Dng vo trong mt trn thng nht vi Quc Dn ng v
nhngngphiqucgiaVitNamcmttivngbingiiTrungQuc.BiSankhaivi
ngiPhprngmtngitnPhong(cnhndinlH)lchtocaphinhpU
Ban Trung ng, trong khi Mnh (c nhn din l Hong Quc Vit) lm th k.
XuynhayngXunKhu,saunytrthnhTrngChinh,boconhnghotngti
cctnhThiBnhvHng.ngXunKhucphchunlmTngBThCSng
Dngtihinghny.KhiPhongphtbiutrncngvidincaChiBHiNgoi,ng
phbnhhotngtrongqucni.ngnirngvothiimhinti,vickugiton
thdnchngkhngphnbitthnhphngiaicplcnthit.ngxutrngngnn
kugitinhthndntccanhndnVitNam.Hphikhuynkhchtinhthnyuncv
ku gi mi ngi hc hi v lch s Vit Nam. V mc ch t chc, hi ngh quyt nh
thnh lp mt Hi Cu Quc. Khi c hi v sc mnh ca phong tro cng sn th gii,
Phongniviccibiurngngdkhngcdnhginhquynlcngaylptc
tibtcqucgiano,vtrongkhiccpheanggitchclnnhauthtiNgasantoncho
vicchunbchophongtrocchmngtonthgii[102].Ligiithchny,nuchnhxc,
chothyrngHvnphigiithchchnhschcaQTCStrncscathocvick
vonm1939.NkhngchothyrngnglngtrcvicctncngLinX.
TiHiNghln8tmquantrngcavicgiiphngtncsovicngcucutranhgiai
cptramtcchrrng.NungidnVitNamkhngnhuiPhpvNht,bn
nghquytni,thnminghnnmnahvnkhngthutranhchoquynligiaicp
hocgiiquytcvnnngdn[103].LikugindnchngVitNammHCh
Minhvitvongy6thng61941vktnlNguyniQuclvdutinvb
mtmicaCSngDng.Bivitkugimtcchrrngtinhthnyunccangi
Vit,hhomingihynoigngcanhnganhhngchngPhpnhPhannhPhng,
HongHoaThmvLngNgcQuyn.Cngvicvicavicginhclpvnchat
c,bcthvit,bivthicthuntinvnchan,nhngcngbivcclclngnhn
dn vn cha ng chung vi nhau. ng h ho mi ngi noi theo tm gng v i ca
nhndnTrungQucvthnhlpnhnghichngPhpvchngNhtcunc.Saubc
thny,chcmttiliukhcckbiNguyniQuc,lmtlihiutriukhcku
gingidnVitNamvothng81945.Nhngnlcycitnmnhngngchcang
QTCStngbitncdpb.LcyHcnphivtbtntuitrcycngnh
miquanhcanviQTCS.ngshindintrcthgiivicitnHChMinh,ChTch
cachnhphVitNamvaclpvongy2thng91945.
KhiHChMinhxydngtchclinhipVitMinhtiQungTy,QTCSbinkhitm
nhncanhngngicngsnVitNam.MtdLinXquaylicngvcamnhtronglin
minhchngPhtXttonthgiivothng61941,hangphiiphvicucchinsinh
t chng lingi c xmlcvvth chuynmiquantmcahkhi chu .Vo
ngy16thng101941nhnvinQTCSbtustnvhngngnUfavKuibyshev
khi qun c Quc X tip tc tin v Moscow. Vo cui thng y Dimitrov vit th cho
DinVvHoiAn
206
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
Stalin vi xut rng QTCS nn bt u i vo hot ng b mt di ci tn l Hc Vin

Nghin Cu Quc T. [104] Nhng mi cho n thng 5 1943, sau khi Dimitrov quay v li
MoscowththolunvvickhaitQTCSmibtuccp.Timtcuchptchc
biDimitrov,MolotovvManuilsky,hngrngQTCSkhngcncchvtr
thnhmttrngichosphttrinclpcanhngngcngsn[105]Thngbochnh
thcvvicgiithcngtrntPravda(SThtND)vongy22thng5.Mcd
nhiucchcaQTCSvncnctiptcbihaihcvinnghincukhoahc,nnayta
vnchacbngchngvviccngsnVitNamtngnhncnhnghngdnhoc
titrtMoscowtrongkhongthigiant19411947[106].
NhngchnhscharatiHiNghln8trthnhkhunmuchonhnghotngtrong
thikchintranhcaVitMinh.NhngtheonhngnghincuvvicVitMinhchimly
quynlcvothng81945chothy,nhngchnhschnykhngctruynbngaycti
VitNam hoc cnhngthnh vin CSng Dng chpthun ton b.[107] Trong
nhng nm thng sp n, con ngi thc dng H Ch Minh, ngi t nhim v thng
nhtlntrnttngchnhtrthunthnh,sphitiptcidinvisilpngaybn
trongngcamnhtrongviccgngxydngmtlinminhqucgia.
DinVvHoiAn
207
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
TNGKT
PhnGiiThiucpntmlcathiChinTranhLnhnhhngnvicchng
tahiuvHChMinhvnlccangtrongvicxydngmtngcngsntiVitNam.
Cchsdngnguntiliuthinvtuyntruyndnnvicrtnhiutcginhnnhn
HChMinhnhlmtvthnh tonnngcaqucgiahoclmtthinticc.Khng
nhngnglnhnvtlnhovicaBcVitngcngcxemnhlmtngi
cngsnynh hng ngaytkhing va thamgia CSPhp.Nhng v thcangbn
trongQuctCngSnvgiicngsnChutrc1945theonhnghincunychothy,
khngnibtnhtngcmiutsauny.ngkhngxuthinnhmtngicng
snythlctrongbicnhthgiicanhngnm1920hoc1930,vnggprtnhiu
khkhncCSngDngnvonhngnm193940.Vicngthngtinvo
nm1945nhlmtbiutngcaphongtroclptiVitNamhontonkhngcngha
lmtdintinhinnhin.RobertTurnerngkhichorngHchiaxphnlncngtrng
trong vic em ch ngha MarxistLeninist vo Vit Nam [1]. Nhng chng ta nn nh rng
nhng tip xc ca ng vi ngi Nga khng mang li kt qu tc thi. Hn na, c
nhngngungccanhhngphitvMarxistkhctiVitNamtrongnhngnm1920
cthnirngccchinhnhcaCSTrungQuchinhutiminnamVitNamtrong
nhngnm19278.VaitrcatchcnyivisphttrincacngsnVitNamvncha
ctmhiu,nhngcnctheotngicanUBAnNamKCamBtchngtacth
onc rng n cnh hngngaytutrongvicara khinimcamt phong
trocngsnng Dngthng nht chkhng phil mtngcngsnVitNam thun
tu.
NlccaHnhmtoramtngcngsnVitNamvihuthuncaQuctCngSn
nnchiutronghoncnhcashtngiPhpvtlungiVittmkimtr
giptbnngoi.SthtbitrongchindchcangiVittiHiNghHoBnhParisnm
1919chuynschcanhngngiqucgiavphancNga.Chnhtquanimca
Leninv nhimvcagiaicpvsnphngTynghnhng phongtrocchmngti
nhngqucgiathucathuytphcHthamgiaTamQucT.ngkhnghc
tnglngmnnovibolccchmnghocchnghaanhhngcnhntrnthctng
DinVvHoiAn
208
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
gimnhrtkhimtntrongsutsnghipchnhtrcamnh.ngkhngphiltaychn
caStalinvcthkhngthcsgpringStalinmichonnm1950.Thicang
ivivicsdngbolcvutranhgiaicpthdngnhlqucntrnglmva
lngmtsthnhvincngsntrtuihn.
KhngthchicicthctlnhnglthuytbanucaQuctCngSnvnhngvn
dntcvthucalmtcngctrithcyquantrngcaHChMinh.Ngip
ngtoramtcchvngmnhtrongbaogmchthuytchngthcdnvmongmun
vcngbngxhicamnh.NhngnhnglunimcaLeninvchnghaqucvcc
vnthucakhngchlmt cng cllun vickhm ph vchuynti nhnglun
imylmtcsquantrngchovaitrchnhthngcangtrongphongtrocngsn
VitNam.Khinhnglthuyttrnbthaythbimtcsllunmivonhngnm19289,
vaitrlnhocaHbtvn.NhnintrongphnGiiThiu,nhngith
tranhginhquynlcthngluntmcchchngtrnghthuhiucnkhnhttng
vnglicaQuctCngSn.nglinyvolcycthchlmtcpnhtrthi
ht nhng t tng ca Marx, Plekhanov, Lenin, Trotsky, Stalin v nhng nh t tng tin
cngsnkhc,nhngiuykhnglmgimitnhquantrngcannhlmtphng
phpchimnhhng.NhArnoMayer(nhshcngiMND)tngni,Ttngl
mchmucacchmng.Ngnlinvinhucucamtthnhphnxhi[mi]phn
nhhnhnhcachnhmnh[2].Tmquantrngcastinhthngvlthuyttrongvicbin
mnhthnhngidnucthclinquannvnhoKhngGiotrongttrngkh
nngvitlchchnhthnglntrnnhngknngthchnhkhc.
NhngmuthunbanuvhttngbntrongtchccngsnVitNamtiptcdin
ratrongsutsnghipchnhtrcaH.TrongkhiiviphngTynhngnlccaH
tronggiaionsauThChinthHainhmtorahnhnhcamnhnhmtngitheoch
nghaqucgiagpphinhngnghingthbntrongnibCSngDngthithiu
thnhtmvichnghacngsnvsntiptcbxemnhlmtnhcimcang.
Tronggiaiont1931n1935,lnutinTrnPhvHHuyTpkugitvnv
gitrttngcaH,sauthnhngphbnhctccngvinkhcvquanimquc
giacaHcngcemratholuntronggiaion19489,nukhngnilsmhn.
Cho n lc y c quan thay th Quc t Cng Sn l Ban Thng Tin Cng Sn (Communist
InformationBureauvitttlCominformND)angcthnhhnhvthgiiangchiara
thnh hai khi. Hy vng v vic Hoa K hu thun cho chnh ph va thnh lp ca H Ch
Minhtiutan.
VquanimthinttrongCSngDngvnhngngliqucgiacaHtronggiai
onChinTranhThGiithHaivvicnggiitnngcngsnvothng11nm1945,ta
cththeobcchncaTrnNgcDanh,idincaVitNamDnChCngHotiPhp
tnm1945n1948(ngcnglmthcvintMoscowvlemtraicaTrnPh).ng
thnhlnhngcavnphngidintiParisvocuinm1948vbchysangPrague[3].
TiynggitnhthaibcthnMoscow.Mttrongnhngbcthyvitrng:
DinVvHoiAn
209
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
SauphbnhcaBanThngTinCngSn,hinnaytihontonkhngngvingli
qucgiavchimngtiangtheouitkhinchnhthcbgiitn.Vicgiithny,i
ngclinhngnguynvngccpvilntccngchcachngti,khngth
cthchinmkhngcscanthiptchcccangchHChMinh,hinlChTch
ncVitNamDnChCngHo.UytncangchHivinhndnVitNamthchc
chnlrtln;hxemngnhlbiutngcacucutranhchngqucvlngikhi
xngchnhchonhngthnhqudnchcachngti.Stintngnyccngcbivic
nhngngicngsnVitNamvnxemnglcuidincaBanChpHnhTrungng
QuctCngSn;hocnitheokiucangiVit,nglngicaQucT.Vchnhsch
thoi ho hin nay bt ngun t hc thuyt ca ng, bt ngun t Hi Ngh Tours nm
1929.[4]
Trongmtbcthkhcngy10thng1nm1950ginchongChIudin(ngisau
khi Zhdanov cht tr thnh nh t tng chnh trong nhm thn cn Stalin] Danh vit
rngCSngDngbchimlnhbinhngthnhphnqucgia,tiutsn,hthiu
nimtinvolclngcchmngvsn.TnhcchcaHChMinhchnhlyutquytnh
gychiar.iunycnghalnnhhngnchnhschcaCSngDngvo
nm1941,tclvothiimngtrctipbcvoutrngchnhtrcangDng
[5].
NhngithcaHChMinhtthnhphnnguynthucaCSngDngnm1929
chonTrnNgcDanhttcumunchngminhtilnhoyukmcangbngcch
chranhngsailmtttngcang.TheobinninkcaTrnNgcDanh,nhngsai
lmnybtutvicHtipthuLunCngVNhngVnDnTcVThucam
theoDanhlvonm1921nhngdngnhncuinm1920trthnhchuynri
(nguyn vn: fait accompli ND), ngay c trc Hi Ngh Tours vo thng 12 1920. Bn thn
Quccngtrnncngnhp,nukhngniltheohnnglicagiaion19207v
tn hng c mt thi k mi t 193847 m ng c cho l c t tng ng n, khi
phongtrocngsndoLinXdnuchnchnghacngsndntcvquyntquyt
cgiihncaccngthnhvin.Nhngchonnhngnm194950,Stalintilpvic
kim sot t tng ca mnh ln hu ht phong tro cng sn th gii v khuyn nhng
ngicngsnVitNamnntmhngchotCSTrungQucangcnhiuthngli.
KhiHvingthmMoscowvonm1950vitcchlthnhvincaphionMaoTrch
ng,Stalintipnngmtcchvcnghhng[6].
Khitiuscangxuthinlnutinvonm1948(trongmtbnvittaybngtingHoa],
chchnHtmcchcngcvthchnhtrcamnh.Cunschnhnynhnmnhc
tnhchtvsncucithuthvlaocnglnthnhtchlnhotnccang.V
thdngnhncdngphcvhaichcnng:chimlytnhcmcangidn
trong nc v ng thi cng thuyt phc nhng thnh vin cng sn cn hoi nghi nh
TrnNgcDanhrngHlmtngivsnthcs.
DinVvHoiAn
210
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
TrongkhiviccgngvchnglichonhngbphncuthnhCSngDngtrong
nm 1941 hoc 1948 th y mo him, ta vn c th thy rng nhng ngun gc chng i
quynlnhocaHbturtsmtphongtrovsnhochnhthnhtiBcK
vo nm 1928. Trong s nhng ngi cm u ca nhm ny n Qung ng hc tp vo
nhngnm1920,hunhttcunsaukhiHchuyniMoscow.Vthhkhng
cquanhcnhnviHnhlnghnghochctrcang.Mttrongnhngkhkhn
khnggiipctrongqutrnhnghincunylvicnhndinnhngthlcnonh
hngnnhmnginytnm1927n1929.Nhngnhngbngchnggintipcho
thyrrngrngcmtmilinhnoygiathnhphnCSngDngtiBcK
vUBAnNamDngcaCSTrungQuctnm1928n1930.
D sao, nh ta thy c, mt s ngi Vit c o to ti Moscow cng phn i
nglicaH.SauiHiLn7caQTCSvonm1935,nhngnhttngtrnhH
HuyTpthyrngthtkhhogiivilinminhnhngngiqucgiambanuL
HngPhongvsaunylHchtrng.LnranhchchtchiarHvnhngithca
ng,nhqutrnhnghincunylintipchra,chnhlthicahivimuthun
giaicp.KhiHbtusnghipchnhtrcamnhtichuu,VitNamvncntronggiai
on u ca qu trnh pht trin cng nghip; giai cp v sn ch va bt u hnh thnh.
NhngHlilitkiasthnhphnngiVitnhngnngdnvhcginghocng
nhthnhphnlaongthnhthlnhngcngnhnangbchnghaqucbclt.C
lbivHxemVitNamnhlmtkhingnhtnnngkhngcvngtrongvic
hptcgiaicpnhbingiPhp.Chonnhngnm192931,ngnhinlvicng
khngnhnmnhvnutranhgiaicplmchongtrthnhmttndlithica
mttrnthngnhttiTrungQucdiconmtcanhnghcvintrtMoscow.
Chng ta vn cn lu mi c th a ra c nh gi cui cng v nhng nm thng cm
quyncaH.nginlangcqutbngchngvngchcvqutrnhsonthonhng
quytnhtiHNi.Nhngtrongnhngnmthngcphntchy,takhngcnnghi
nggvstntmvkhnngtitnhcamtnhnvtutranhvclp,nginlc
rtnhiuavngiiphngthucaratrclchtrnhchnhtrcangiPhp.THi
NghHoBnhParischonskintuynbclpcangvonm1945,ngcthc
y bi tnh yu nc chn thnh v lng cm th su sc i vi ch ngha thc dn Php.
Nhngngcngkhngphilmtconngicngsnthnthnh.ngnvinhngph
ntrongnhiugiaion,thohipvlngonnhngngphiqucgiakhc.ngkhng
lunlngithngthntrongrtnhiutrnghpngchorngthnhthtvlptrng
chnhtrlmtvicdidt.Lngtincangvchnghacngsnthkhmlngcbao
su iu duy nht ta c th khng nh l ng khng coi trng ch ngha gio iu. Con
ng m ng theo thng c cht lc ra t hng lot nhng la chn b gii hn bi
nhngskinvtngoitmkimsotcang.
iutrtrultrongnhngnm1990,saukhinhngngcngsntingubhtkhi
quynlc,ngcngsnVitNamvnginguynvtrchnhthngcamnhbngcchnhn
DinVvHoiAn
211
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org
SophieQuinnJudge
rnghidinchoTTngHChMinh.Mttiliuxutbnnm1995vTTngH
ChMinhcaHcVinChnhTrQucGiaHChMinhnhnghaynhlmttintrin
micahcthuytMarxistLeninist[7].Nhngkhngnhnygpphimtskingiu
ctvrtnhiungiVitthahiurngHChMinhkhnglibtcmthcthuyt
notrngiyt.ngcthcnhnnhnmtcchcngbnglmtchnhtrgiavmtnh
ngoigiaotigii,mtngilichotncmnhmtkhunmuvvicxydnglin
minhvthohipmmiqucgiangthiunhgicao.
BngchngttiliucaMoscowlncaPhpuchothyrngQuctCngSnkhng
hlmtcngcclctruynbquynlccacngsnmgiikhoahcchnhtrvlch
sthiChinTranhLnhmunchngtatinvo.Ncngkhngnhtquntrongvicng
hnhngphongtrochngthuca.NhngmilinhmHtodngviQuctCng
Snngmtvaitrchotrongvicphttrinchnghacngsncngnhphongtro
clpqucgiatiVitNam.QuctCngSncungcpchoHvnhngngchcang
phngphpcngnhtichnhtrongvicotonhngcnbtchcvtuyntruyn;n
giphphntchhiuctnhtrngcahtrongtaycangiPhp.Mcdscan
thipvcvncankhngluncchpnhn,khicnhotngnvngicvth
trngtiticaotrongnhngtranhchpchnhtrquct,iunygipngcngsnphn
nogivngtnhonkt.Ncngcungcpninngtachonhnghcvincngsn
tiMoscowhcthquayvVitNamxydngliCSngDngvonhngnmu
1930.NgaycvicHbixlnhnhttiMoscowtnm1934n1938cngcusng
ng tip tc chin u. Nhng nu cho rng H Ch Minh v CS ng Dng ch n
thunlnhngsnphmcaQuctCngSnthiunybpmostht.Htntimt
cch song song trong nhng phm vi khc nhau x hi truyn thng ca Vit Nam, ch
Php,tchcNamDngvcngngthgiimtrongnhngnm1920v1930bbgn
bi nhng phng tin thng tin hin i, vic ph thuc ln nhau v giao thng v kinh t.
ChnhkhnngcthchuynvngianhnglnhvckhcnhaucaHChMinhcuicng
gipnggivngcvthcamnhnhlmtnhlnhothnhcngnhttrongcng
cucutranhginhclp.
HT
DinVvHoiAn
212
Dinnwww.xcafevn.org

HCM Missing Years

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

HCM Missing Years

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

HChMinh:Nhngnmthngchacbitn

i BBC Vit Ng phng vn tc gi cun H Ch Minh

Cun H Ch Minh: Nhng nm cha bit n (Hochiminh: The missing years) ca tc gi

Licmt ca b Sophie Quinn-Judge

Ti xin chn thnh cm n John D. v Catherine T. ti qu McAthur v ti tr cho nhng

Executive Committee of the Communist International (Ban chp hnh

Service de Liaisons avec les Originaires des Territoires de la France

nh bi bo trn. Berlin nm 1928, ng vit bi m t v phong tro nng dn Pen Pai.

H Ch Minh thng xuyn phn nn vi cc ch im ca Phng nh trong cc cuc trao i

Bn cnh , ng cn tm n mt s to son, ng lu l t LHumanit (Nhn o), t

Manuilsky ti i hi CS Php nm 1922 th cng hp l. Nhng khng c v vic H i

CHNG 3: THI GIAN TI QUNG CHU V NHNG

Quc v vic ti t chc c cp n vic hi ny ang bt u mt t kt np thnh vin

xuyn gi tin n mt trung gian ti Qung Chu mi khi H Ch Minh yu cu ng ng

Nhng thnhvinmi cL Duyiman QungChu.LDuy im lbnhcc

Nhng hc vin tt nghip trong c L Hng Sn v L Nh Vng (L Thit Hng) c

CHNG 4: T CON NG C N HNH TRNH MI

S phn i ny nhn mnh quan im ca H v Thanh Nin nh l mt mt trn chnh tr

nhng mt bo co nm 1931 m ng gi n Moscow cho thy rng ng nh gi thp

dy ang em n nhiu tht bi hn thnh cng, mc d khng c tn tht g khi tip tc

10 ny ng b mt quyn hnh ca mt ngi chuyn giao chnh sch ca QTCS n Vit

CHNG 6: CHT HNG KNG, CHN TI MOSCOW?

VitThngHi.[30](Lin BangSVit tilpquan h ngoigiao viTrung Qucvo

Bnh Dn c nh du bi mt cng thng khng c gii quyt gia truyn thng v

Dng thnh mt cn c qun s ca Php. Nhim v ca CS ng Dng v th cn phi

hpphp vbnhpphpv chonlxtli,chivhukhuynh.BanChHuyHi

gia Maovnhng ngi cmu nh VngMinhvChu nLai,nhngngi nhittnh

Ging vnyquynlccabcthlmtaonc rngMinhKhai t nhnbl i

Stalin vi xut rng QTCS nn bt u i vo hot ng b mt di ci tn l Hc Vin

You might also like