You are on page 1of 5

Phn tch v la chn cc phng php tnh h s nn

1. M u
H s nn l t s gia lc n v v chuyn v tng ng. H s nn l mt trong nhng c
trng quan trng ca t nn phn nh sc chu ti v bin dng ca t nn. Thc t h s
nn l hm phi tuyn, ph thuc vo cp ti, phng thc gia ti, loi t, kch thc cu
kin tc dng vo t. M hnh ho tng tc cc- t nn nh sau:
- Cc c m hnh bng mt hoc nhiu thanh thng ni vi nhau ti cc nt sao cho ph
hp vi c trng hnh hc tng ng ca cc thc.
- Thay t nn bng cc lin kt n hi ti cc im sao cho ph hp vi s thay i ca t
nn v tnh cht lm vic ca cc.
- T hp cc im chia theo cc v theo t.
2. Cc phng php tnh h s nn.
2.1. Phng php tra bng.
2.1.1. Quy trnh 22TCN 18-79:
Bng tra ny thng dng cho thit k mng cc theo K.X. Zavriev. Trong bng tra ny, z (m)
l su lp t.
k/z (t/m3)

Tn t
1. St v st pha ct do chy; bn

100-200

2. St pha ct, ct pha st v st do mm; ct


bi v ri

200-400

3. St pha ct; ct pha st v st do cng; ct


nh v trung bnh

400-600

4. St pha ct; ct pha st v st cng v ct th

600-1000

5. Ct ln si; t hn ln

1000-2000

2.1.2. J.E.Bowles
Bng tra ny dng xc nh kh cho mng cc.
k (MN/m3)

Tn t
1. St; ct cht

220-400

2. Ct th v cht va

157-300

3. Ct trung

110-280

4. Cat mn; ct bt

80-200

5. St cng (m)

60-220

6. St cng (bo ho)

30-110

7. St do (m)

39-140
1

8. St do (bo ho)

10-80

9. Bn st

2-40

2.2. Phng php tnh theo cc cng thc nn- mng.


2.2.1. Theo cng thc Terzaghi:
ks = 24(cNc + DNq+0.4BN)
Trong :
ks : h s nn
c: lc dnh ca t
: Trng lng ring cu t pha trn im tnh ks
: gc ma st trong ca t
D: chiu su tnh ks
B: b rng cc.
Cc gi tr Nc; Nq; N tra bng theo
2.2.2. Theo cng thc Vesic:
k

Es
1.30 E s B 4
12
B
E p I p (1 2 )

Trong :
k: h s n hi
B: B rng cc
EpIp: cng chng un ca cc.
: H s pot xng ca t nn
Gi tr = 0.3 c th xem l tng i chnh xc cho cc trng hp.
Es: M un n hi t nn.
Es= 5N(kg/cm2); N: Tr s SPT
2.2.3. Tnh theo gi tr SPT:
ks = 1.95N (MN/m3) cho t ri
ks = 1.04N(MN/m3) cho t dnh.
Trong :
N: gi tr SPT trung bnh
B: b rng cc.
2.2.4. Tnh theo m un bin dng nn:
a) H s nn ti mi cc theo phng ng tnh nh sau:
- Cc ng: Kv = EoD-3/4
- Cc khoan nhi: Kv = 0.2 EoD-3/4
Trong :
2

Kv: H s nn muic theo phng ng (kgf/cm3)


: H s iu chnh mi cc Eo = 1
D: ng knh mi cc (cm).
Eo: M un bin dng nn (kgf/cm2)
Eo = 25N; (N: Gi tr xuyn tiu chun).
b) H s nn dc thn cc thdeo phng ng tnh nh sau:
- Cc ng trong t ri: ksv = 0.05 EoD-3/4
- Cc ng trong t dnh: ksv = 0.1 EoD-3/4
- Cc khoan nhi: ksv = 0.03 EoD-3/4
ksv: h s nn thn cc theo phng ng (kgf/cm3)
c) H s nn ngang thn cc tnh nh sau:
ksv = 0.2 EoD-3/4
kh: H s nn ngang thn cc (kgf/cm3).
3. V d tnh ton theo cc phng php:
3.1. S liu a cht, nn mng:
Ti liu a cht v nn mng ny c tham kho t thit k chi tit cu Qu Cao ti l trnh
Km 44.000trn Quc l 10 do Cng ty T vn Nippon Koei, Louis Berger v Tcty T vn
thit k GTVT (TEDI) thc hin.
p dng cng thc tnh ton h s nn theo mt s phng php trn, ta c kt qu trong
bng di y:
Cc P4: Di 44m, nh cao 2.00, cc khoan nhi ng knh 1.00(m).
k(kN/m3)

c trng t nn, cc
B rng cc B=1.00m
N

Lo
i t

Bng
(22TCN

Bng
(J.E.

18-79)

Bowles

The

Theo

Theo

Theo Eo

SPT

Terzaghi

Vesic

Kv

Ksv

Kh

Cao

su

-2

10000

2080

1492.49

1034.09

3162.3

474.345

3162.3

-4

2000

10000

3120

3630.89

1604.44

4743.45

711.518

4743.5

-6

4000

10000

1040

5769.29

1604.44

4743.45

711.45

4743.5

-8

6000

10000

3120

7907.69

1604.44

4743.45

711.45

4743.5

-10

8000

10000

4160

10046.1

2191.16

6324.6

948.69

6324.6

-12

10

10000

10000

2080

12184.5

1034.09

3162.3

474.345

3162.3

-14

12

12000

10000

3120

14322.9

1604.44

4743.45

711.518

4743.5

-16

14

14000

10000

7280

16461.3

4017.58

11068.1

1660.21

11068

-18

16

16000

10000

9360

18599.7

5274.78

14230.4

2134.55

14230

-20

18

18000

10000

6240

20738.1

3399.69

9486.9

1423.04

9486.9

-22

20

20000

10000

6240

22876.5

3399.69

9486.9

1423.04

9486.9

-24

22

22000

10000

3120

25014.9

1604.44

4743.45

711.518

4743.5

-26

24

24000

10000

3120

27153.3

1604.44

4743.45

711.518

4743.5

-28

26

15

26000

10000

15600

29291.7

9173.61

23717.3

3557.59

23717

-30

28

16

5b

56000

15000

16640

32810.4

9837.96

25298.4

3794.76

25298

-32

30

14

5b

60000

15000

14560

34948.8

8512.95

22136.1

3320.42

22136

-34

32

21

5b

64000

15000

21840

37087.2

13208.3

33204.2

4980.62

33204

-36

34

23

136000

110000

23920

37845.3

14576.3

36366.5

5454.97

36366

-38

36

27

144000

110000

28080

39983.7

17341.5

42691.4

6403.66

42691

-40

38

27

152000

110000

28080

42122.1

17341.5

42691.4

6403.66

42691

-42

40

28

160000

110000

29120

44260.5

18038.3

44272.2

6640.83

44272

-44

42

18

168000

110000

18720

46398.9

11176.9

28460.7

4269.11

28461

-46

44

35

176000

110000

36400

48537.3

22971.1

55340.3

8301.04

55340

3.2. Kt qu th ti tnh.
Kt qu th ti tnh cc ni trn c tham kho theo ti liu ca Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh
Giao thng vn ti. Nhng s liu chnh c m t di y:
ln (mm) tnh theo cp ti (kN)
Cp ti (kN)

ln nh P4

Tr s

Thi im

(mm)

2360

Cht ti

4.668

D ti

2.235

Cht ti

5.568

D ti

2.238

Cht ti

6.128

D ti

2.245

Cht ti

7.998

D ti

3.753

2870
3540
4310
3.3. Tnh theo m hnh:

M hnh cc n c cc lin kt n hi b tr theo cc khong cch 2m cch u. h s nn


tnh theo phng php m un bin dng nn.
Gi n hi gn vo cc c tnh nh sau:
1. Gi n hi ng mi cc: Kv = kv . At, (At din tch mi cc)
2. Gi n hi ng thn cc : K sv = ksv .As (As din tch xung quanh phn cc gia hai gi
n hi ngang).
3. Gi n hi ngang: Kh = khp .Ahp (Ahp din tch hnh chiu ng ca phn cc gia hai gi
n hi ngang)
Kt qu kim tra cho thy h s nn tnh cch ny kh st vi kt qu th ri. Bng chuyn v
(mm) theo ti trng thng ng P(kN) tnh theo m hnh:

Cp ti P (kN)
Tr s

Thi im

2360

Theo m hnh

ln ca cc P4 (mm)
5.170

Theo th nghim, sai khc


2870

Theo m hnh

6.180

Theo th nghim, sai khc


3540

Theo m hnh

5.568; +11%
7.510

Theo th nghim, sai khc


4310

4.668, +11%

Theo m hnh

6.128; +22%
9.030

Theo th nghim, sai khc

7.998; +12%

4. Kt lun
- Phm vi p dng: quy m d n ln nn tin hnh th nghim xc nh gi tr h s nn.
Cc phng php cn li p dng theo s liu a cht no c tin cy cao hn.
- Phng php lun: Mt s phng php c xt n kch thc ca cc. Chng ta u bit
khi th nghim xc nh h s nn bng tm ln th kch thc tm nn khc nhau cho kt qu
khc nhau. Nh vy cc phng php c k n nh hng ca kch thc cc c nghi l
lun cht ch hn. Mt s nghin cu ch ra rng h s nn ca t ri thay i theo chiu
su, i vi t dnh th nh hng ny khng ng k.
Do c im nh vy nn khi thit k, h s nn cn phi c tnh theo t nht l hia phng
php khc nhau c c s nh gi tin cy ca h s a vo tnh ton. Trong trng hp
ch c s liu m t t th dng phng php tra bng. Nu c hnh tr l khoan th nn tnh
theo SPT. Nu khng c gi tr SPT hay Eo th tnh theo Terzaghi.
Giai on thit k
Thit k s b
Thit k chi tit:
- Cng trnh quy m nh (C)
- Cng trnh quy m trung bnh (B)
- Cng trnh quy m ln (A)

Phng php tnh h s nn


- Dng bng tra
- Tnh theo cc ch tiu c l
- Dng bng tra
- Tnh theo cc ch tiu c l
- Tnh theo cc s liu th nghim a cht
- Dng cc bng tra i chiu
- Cho php tin hnh thc nghim nu cn thit
- Tin hnh th nghim xc nh h s nn
- Tnh ton theo ti liu a cht i chiu

Ngun: Tp ch Cu ng Vit Nam, s 11/2006

You might also like