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1. M u
H s nn l t s gia lc n v v chuyn v tng ng. H s nn l mt trong nhng c
trng quan trng ca t nn phn nh sc chu ti v bin dng ca t nn. Thc t h s
nn l hm phi tuyn, ph thuc vo cp ti, phng thc gia ti, loi t, kch thc cu
kin tc dng vo t. M hnh ho tng tc cc- t nn nh sau:
- Cc c m hnh bng mt hoc nhiu thanh thng ni vi nhau ti cc nt sao cho ph
hp vi c trng hnh hc tng ng ca cc thc.
- Thay t nn bng cc lin kt n hi ti cc im sao cho ph hp vi s thay i ca t
nn v tnh cht lm vic ca cc.
- T hp cc im chia theo cc v theo t.
2. Cc phng php tnh h s nn.
2.1. Phng php tra bng.
2.1.1. Quy trnh 22TCN 18-79:
Bng tra ny thng dng cho thit k mng cc theo K.X. Zavriev. Trong bng tra ny, z (m)
l su lp t.
k/z (t/m3)
Tn t
1. St v st pha ct do chy; bn
100-200
200-400
400-600
600-1000
5. Ct ln si; t hn ln
1000-2000
2.1.2. J.E.Bowles
Bng tra ny dng xc nh kh cho mng cc.
k (MN/m3)
Tn t
1. St; ct cht
220-400
2. Ct th v cht va
157-300
3. Ct trung
110-280
4. Cat mn; ct bt
80-200
5. St cng (m)
60-220
30-110
7. St do (m)
39-140
1
8. St do (bo ho)
10-80
9. Bn st
2-40
Es
1.30 E s B 4
12
B
E p I p (1 2 )
Trong :
k: h s n hi
B: B rng cc
EpIp: cng chng un ca cc.
: H s pot xng ca t nn
Gi tr = 0.3 c th xem l tng i chnh xc cho cc trng hp.
Es: M un n hi t nn.
Es= 5N(kg/cm2); N: Tr s SPT
2.2.3. Tnh theo gi tr SPT:
ks = 1.95N (MN/m3) cho t ri
ks = 1.04N(MN/m3) cho t dnh.
Trong :
N: gi tr SPT trung bnh
B: b rng cc.
2.2.4. Tnh theo m un bin dng nn:
a) H s nn ti mi cc theo phng ng tnh nh sau:
- Cc ng: Kv = EoD-3/4
- Cc khoan nhi: Kv = 0.2 EoD-3/4
Trong :
2
c trng t nn, cc
B rng cc B=1.00m
N
Lo
i t
Bng
(22TCN
Bng
(J.E.
18-79)
Bowles
The
Theo
Theo
Theo Eo
SPT
Terzaghi
Vesic
Kv
Ksv
Kh
Cao
su
-2
10000
2080
1492.49
1034.09
3162.3
474.345
3162.3
-4
2000
10000
3120
3630.89
1604.44
4743.45
711.518
4743.5
-6
4000
10000
1040
5769.29
1604.44
4743.45
711.45
4743.5
-8
6000
10000
3120
7907.69
1604.44
4743.45
711.45
4743.5
-10
8000
10000
4160
10046.1
2191.16
6324.6
948.69
6324.6
-12
10
10000
10000
2080
12184.5
1034.09
3162.3
474.345
3162.3
-14
12
12000
10000
3120
14322.9
1604.44
4743.45
711.518
4743.5
-16
14
14000
10000
7280
16461.3
4017.58
11068.1
1660.21
11068
-18
16
16000
10000
9360
18599.7
5274.78
14230.4
2134.55
14230
-20
18
18000
10000
6240
20738.1
3399.69
9486.9
1423.04
9486.9
-22
20
20000
10000
6240
22876.5
3399.69
9486.9
1423.04
9486.9
-24
22
22000
10000
3120
25014.9
1604.44
4743.45
711.518
4743.5
-26
24
24000
10000
3120
27153.3
1604.44
4743.45
711.518
4743.5
-28
26
15
26000
10000
15600
29291.7
9173.61
23717.3
3557.59
23717
-30
28
16
5b
56000
15000
16640
32810.4
9837.96
25298.4
3794.76
25298
-32
30
14
5b
60000
15000
14560
34948.8
8512.95
22136.1
3320.42
22136
-34
32
21
5b
64000
15000
21840
37087.2
13208.3
33204.2
4980.62
33204
-36
34
23
136000
110000
23920
37845.3
14576.3
36366.5
5454.97
36366
-38
36
27
144000
110000
28080
39983.7
17341.5
42691.4
6403.66
42691
-40
38
27
152000
110000
28080
42122.1
17341.5
42691.4
6403.66
42691
-42
40
28
160000
110000
29120
44260.5
18038.3
44272.2
6640.83
44272
-44
42
18
168000
110000
18720
46398.9
11176.9
28460.7
4269.11
28461
-46
44
35
176000
110000
36400
48537.3
22971.1
55340.3
8301.04
55340
3.2. Kt qu th ti tnh.
Kt qu th ti tnh cc ni trn c tham kho theo ti liu ca Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh
Giao thng vn ti. Nhng s liu chnh c m t di y:
ln (mm) tnh theo cp ti (kN)
Cp ti (kN)
ln nh P4
Tr s
Thi im
(mm)
2360
Cht ti
4.668
D ti
2.235
Cht ti
5.568
D ti
2.238
Cht ti
6.128
D ti
2.245
Cht ti
7.998
D ti
3.753
2870
3540
4310
3.3. Tnh theo m hnh:
Cp ti P (kN)
Tr s
Thi im
2360
Theo m hnh
ln ca cc P4 (mm)
5.170
Theo m hnh
6.180
Theo m hnh
5.568; +11%
7.510
4.668, +11%
Theo m hnh
6.128; +22%
9.030
7.998; +12%
4. Kt lun
- Phm vi p dng: quy m d n ln nn tin hnh th nghim xc nh gi tr h s nn.
Cc phng php cn li p dng theo s liu a cht no c tin cy cao hn.
- Phng php lun: Mt s phng php c xt n kch thc ca cc. Chng ta u bit
khi th nghim xc nh h s nn bng tm ln th kch thc tm nn khc nhau cho kt qu
khc nhau. Nh vy cc phng php c k n nh hng ca kch thc cc c nghi l
lun cht ch hn. Mt s nghin cu ch ra rng h s nn ca t ri thay i theo chiu
su, i vi t dnh th nh hng ny khng ng k.
Do c im nh vy nn khi thit k, h s nn cn phi c tnh theo t nht l hia phng
php khc nhau c c s nh gi tin cy ca h s a vo tnh ton. Trong trng hp
ch c s liu m t t th dng phng php tra bng. Nu c hnh tr l khoan th nn tnh
theo SPT. Nu khng c gi tr SPT hay Eo th tnh theo Terzaghi.
Giai on thit k
Thit k s b
Thit k chi tit:
- Cng trnh quy m nh (C)
- Cng trnh quy m trung bnh (B)
- Cng trnh quy m ln (A)