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TRNG I HC DUY TN
TRUNG TM GDTC-QP
B mn: GDTC
L THUYT BNG CHUYN HC PHN III
M MN: ES 223
Chng 1
NGHA TC DNG V NGUN GC S PHT TRIN MN BNG
CHUYN TRN TH GII V VIT NAM
1.1. LCH S PHT TRIN CA MN BNG CHUYN.
1.1.1. S hnh thnh, pht trin mn bng chuyn trn th gii:
Cc nh s hc cho rng: Bng chuyn ra i M khong nm 1895 do gio vin th thao
tn l WILIAM MORGAM ngh ra. Lc u, lut chi n gin v c xem nh tr chi vn
ng cho hc sinh. ng dng lui cao khong 1,95 m v rut qu bng r ngi ta chuyn qua
li. Ln u tin t chc thi u bng chuyn vo thng 6 nm 1896 ti Springfield.
Nm 1897 M, Lut bng chuyn ra i gm c 10 iu:
1. nh du sn.
2. Trang phc.
3. Kch thc sn : 7,5 m x 15,1 m.
4. Kch thc li : 0,61 m x 8,2 m ; chiu cao li : 198 cm.
5. Bng : Rut bng bng cao su, v bng bng da hay cht tng hp tng t. Chu vi bng:
63,5 cm - 68,5 cm. Trng lng bng : 340 gam.
6. Pht bng : Cu th pht bng ng mt chn trn vch bin ngang v nh bng bng bn
tay m. Nu ln u pht bng phm li th c pht li.
7. Tnh im : Mi ln i phng khng c pht bng th bn pht bng c mt
im (ch c bn pht bng mi c im).
8. Trong thi gian thi u (tr pht bng) bng chm li coi nh phm lut.
9. Bng ri vo vch gii hn l phm lut.
10. Khng hn ch s ngi chi.
T nm 1895 n nm 1920, bng chuyn c du nhp vo cc nc khc v pht trin rng
ri cc chu. Trong giai on ny lut bng chuyn cng thay i v hon thin dn.
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Gii bng chuyn cho cc i tng khc nhau c t chc hng nm: Gii v ch cc i
mnh ton quc; gii A1, A2: gii bng chuyn bi bin....
Bng chuyn l mn thi u chnh thc ca i hi Th dc th thao ton quc (4 nm mt
ln) hay trong chng trnh Hi khe Ph ng (4 nm mt ln).
Bng chuyn l mn th thao c ng v Nh Nc quan tm to nhiu iu kin thun li
v vt cht ln tinh thn, do phong tro bng chuyn c pht trin rng ri trong mi tng lp
nhn dn. Bng chuyn nh cao cng c pht trin mnh m cc tnh, thnh, nghnh: H Ni,
TP H Ch Minh, Qung Ninh, Thi Bnh, Long An, Qun i, Cng an, Bu in....
Ti cc gii thi u khu vc hay quc t. Cc i tuyn bng chuyn trong nh hay bi bin
ca Vit Nam ginh c th hng cao. i tuyn bng chuyn n Vit Nam lun chim v tr s
2 t Seagame 20 (i hi th thao ng nam ) cho n nay.
Trong ngnh i hc- Cao ng- Trung hc chuyn nghip v Dy ngh, bng chuyn l mn
th thao ph cp v nm trong chng trnh ging dy chnh kha cc trng. c s quan tm
lnh o ca B Gio dc - o to v Ban gim hiu cc trng nn phong tro pht trin mnh.
Mi trng u c i i biu, c sn tp hon chnh v cc trang thit b khc tp luyn bng
chuyn.
Nm 1968, i hi bng chuyn ngnh i hc v Trung hc chuyn nghip ln I c t
chc c trn 100 i nam, n tham gia. Nm 1969 thnh lp i i biu ngnh tham gia gii hng
A ton min Bc.
Sau thng 4 nm 1975, B i hc - Trung hc chuyn nghip v Dy ngh nay l B Gio
dc - o to cng Hi th thao i hc v Chuyn nghip Vit Nam phi hp t chc nh k
gii bng chuyn ton Ngnh, li cun hng trm trng v hng ngn vn ng vin tp luyn v
thi u.
1.2. NGHA TC DNG CA TP LUYN BNG CHUYN I VI SC KHE
1.2.1. nh hng v tc dng ca tp luyn bng chuyn vi sc khe:
T nhng c im ca bng chuyn cho thy: Ging dy v hun luyn bng chuyn c nh
hng v tc dng tt n ngi tp.
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Chng 2
K THUT DI CHUYN
Page 8
Chng 3
K THUT M BNG
Chuyn bng thp tay (m bng) l k thut s dng cng tay, bn tay d chuyn bng i,
din tip xc gia tay vi bng rng nhng im tip xc li t hn chuyn bng cao tay, do hn
ch c phm li k thut nh dnh bng, hai ting ... m bng l k thut phng th dng ch
yu pht bng, p bng v cu bng.
m bng trong bng chuyn c tc dng :
Page 12
Hnh 1
- nh bng: Khi bng n tm ngang hng, cch thn ngi khong gn mt cnh tay th
thc hin nh bng. Lc ny chn p t, dui khp gi, nng trng tm thn th v nng tay. Hai
tay c chuyn ng t di ln v dng phn gia cng tay m pha di bng kt hp vi nng
tay mc cn thit. Khi hai tay chm bng cng l lc gp c tay xung di lm cng cc
nhm c cng tay, kt hp vi hp bng v gi chc b vai vi khp khuu. Hai tay thng - chc,
hai bn tay nm v p cht vo nhau, ton thn hi lao v
trc (Hnh 2).
Nu bng n vi lc nh, va phi th kt hp vi p
chn, nng nhanh tay y bng i.
Nu bng n vi tc nhanh, lc mnh th hn ch
nng tay m ghm tay bng bt i theo mun.
Hnh 2
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Chng 4
K THUT CHUYN BNG
Chuyn bng l mt k thut c bn trong thi u, chuyn bng khng n thun l k thut
phng th m n cn mang tnh tn cng, nht l gi vai tr chnh trong phi hp tn cng.
Trc khi chuyn bng, ngi chuyn bng ng TTCB chn trc, chn sau, trng lng
c th dn vo chn trc. Nu ng i chuyn bng n t pha tri th bc chn phi ln trc
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iu chnh hng bng, hai lng bn tay phi vung gc vi hng bng chuyn i, khi
tay chm y bng th bn tay hi n ra sau. Chc nng thc hin y bng ca cc ngn tay cng
khc nhau. Cc ngn ci n ra sau chu lc hon xung chnh v cng vi cc ngn tay khc bt
y bng theo hng chuyn. Cc ngn tr v ngn gia l b phn bt y chnh ca bn tay cn
cc ngn eo nhn v ngn t ch gi pha bn ca bng v iu chnh hng
bng i.
Sau khi bng ri tay, c chn v tay tip tc vn dui ht ri dng li,
ng tc ny gi l chuyn ng tay vn theo bng. ( Hnh 3)
Khi bng n trn cao pha sau u, th c th dng ng tc nhy
chuyn bng. Chy v nhy chuyn bng gn ging vi p bng. thi
im dng trn khng hai tay a ln trn u cao hn chuyn bng bnh
thng, hai tay tham gia y bng tch cc kt hp vi cc hot ng ca lng
v chn. ng tc nhy chuyn ch c th p dng khi chuyn bng nhanh.
Hiu qu tt nht ca chuyn bng l bt nhy im cao nht. ( Hnh 4)
Hnh 4
Page 15
Hnh 6
Hnh 7
Khi thc hin hai bn tay lc u n bng hi khum (nga v sau) n lc tip xc vi bng
th bt u vn thng ra. Khi chm bng hai bn tay thng cn cc ngn tay th ln gn v hi
cong, cc ngn tay bao quanh qu bng mt cch vng chc, to hnh ging nh ci phu vi mc
ch khng cho qu bng lt qua. Hai bn tay tip xc bng phi gn, dt khot v khng chm
lng bn tay. Phm vi ca cc ngn tay chm vo bng cng mc khc nhau : ngn ci ch
c chm vo mt t pha trn; ngn gia, ngn tr v mt phn ngn eo nhn chu lc chnh
chuyn bng i.
Sau khi chm bng, hai tay v thn ngi phi hp lc chuyn bng i. tng c tc
a bng n v tr nh th hai tay phi thng cn hai bn tay v cc ngn tay phi c s phi
hp chuyn ng dt khot v hng chuyn bng. Mc thng ca hai tay v bin chuyn
ng ca cc ngn tay ph thuc vo tnh cht chuyn bng (Hnh 07).
V d: Khi chuyn p th hai tay phi c n nh t th ban u sm hn, cn vic
chuyn bng th lc ch yu da vo cnh tay cn cc bn tay khng chuyn ng nhiu, cc ngn
tay trong lc ny phi ln gn nh khi p bng.
Ch : Khi chuyn bng i ngn tay ci hu nh khng tham gia, ngn t v ngn eo nhn
ch yu l lm nhim v h tr, cn ngn tr, ngn gia v mt phn ngn eo nhn phi hc hin
nhim v chnh l to lc chuyn bng i. Ngc li, khi giai on bt u tip xc gia bn
tay v bng (lc ghm bng) th chnh ngn eo nhn v ngn ci li phi chu mt trng lc ln
hn c so vi cc ngn khc.
1.3. CHUYN BNG T TH CAO.
K thut chuyn bng t th cao khc vi k thut chuyn bng t th trung bnh l :
TTCB : ng trn hai chn, u gi khuu t hn, thn ngi hu
nh thng v hai tay v tr gn ngang mt.
Khi tip xc bng th hai tay cao hn u mt cht, hai chn hu nh
thng. Bng c chuyn i ch yu l nh vo s hot ng tch cc, dt
khot ca cnh tay v ca hai bn tay.
Hnh 8
Chng 5
K THUT PHT BNG
Ty theo t th ng, tnh cht chuyn ng, im tay tip xc bng khi pht m ta chia k
thut pht bng thnh hai loi c bn :
- Pht bng thp tay :
+Thp tay chnh din (trc mt).
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Hnh 9
Khi nh bng, trng tm c th chuyn sang chn tri, ng thi xoay thn sang tri, mt
hng li v nhanh chng bc chn phi ln gi thng bng v vo sn chun b thi u (Hnh
10).
K thut pht bng ny c c im l khi pht ngi tp ng t th chun b vai hng
li, im tay nh vo bng tm thp hn vai.
C hai cch pht bng thp tay nghing mnh:
- Cch 1: Vung tay phi xung di ra sau theo mt phng nghing so vi mt t mt gc
45 , khi tay phi ra sau th tay hi h thp xung, sau chuyn ng t sau - sang phi - ra trc
nh vo phn sau pha di tm bng tm ngang tht lng. Bn tay cng
khi tip xc vi bng. Khi nh bng xong tay phi vn theo hng bng
pht v dng li.
0
- Cch 2: Pht bng thp tay cao bng (cy nn) (Hnh 11)
+ ng t th chun b: Vai tri hng li, hai chn hi khuu h
thp trng tm. Tay tri cm bng trc mt.
+ Tung bng: Tay tri hi h xung v tung bng thng ln cao 40 - 50 cm.
Hnh 11
Hnh 10
+ Vung tay nh bng: Tay nh bng t di ln, tip xc bng l phn cnh ca ngn ci
v ngn tr, nh vo phn di bng hi lch tm v pha sau lm cho bng i thng ln cao chch
vo sn.
+ Sau khi pht, quay mt vo li, bc nhanh vo sn chun b thi u. K thut ny t khi
s dng.
Trng hp tay tri l tay thun nh bng th p dng ngc tay li.
5.2. K THUT PHT BNG CAO TAY.
5.2.1. Pht bng cao tay trc mt:
- T th chun b : Ngi tp ng mt quay vo li, chn tri trc mi chn thng gc vi
ng bin ngang, chn phi sau (chn trc cch chn sau
na bc) trng lng c th dn u trn c hai chn, tay
tri cm bng pha trc.
- Tung bng : Tay tri cm bng a ln ngang tm mt
th tung bng trc mt ln cao hn u t 80 - 100cm
thng ln trn nhng hi chch sang phi (tay nh bng).
Khi tung bng ngi pht cng c th hi khuu gi h thp
trng tm, sau vn thng hai chn ln kt hp vi ng
tc tung bng nhp nhng. (Hnh 12)
Hnh 12
Hnh 10
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Chng 6
LUT THI U BNG CHUYN
Bng chuyn l mn th thao thi u gia hai i chi trn mt sn c li phn cch
gia. Cch chi l nh bng qua li sao cho bng chm sn i phng v ngn khng cho i
phng lm tng t nh vy vi mnh. Mi i c chm bng 3 ln a bng sang sn i
phng (khng k ln chn bng).
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Khu
khi
ng
3x3m
3x3m
Khu
khi
ng
Bn th k
Khu phng th
Khu phng th
9m
ng gia sn
Khu tn cng
Khu t do 3m
Bin ngang
3m
Khu t do
18m
- Din tch sn thi u bao gm sn u v khu t do. Sn thi u phi l hnh ch nht v
i xng.
- Sn di 18m, rng 9m ( tnh t mp ngoi ca cc ng bin).
- Cc ng trn sn: Rng 5cm c mu sng khc vi mu sn
+ ng gia sn
+ ng tn cng: Cch ng gia sn v mi bn 3m v ko di thm mi bn
5 vch ngt qung di 15cm, cch nhau 20cm v di tng cng 1,75m .
+ ng bin ngang (ng cui sn).
+ ng bin dc v phn ko di bin dc di 15cm, cch bin ngang 20cm.
- Cc khu vc trn sn:
Page 21
Bng gii hn
Li nam 2,43m
Li n 2,24m
9m
2.55m
di bng trng
Ct li
Page 22
4. Bng gii hn :
L hai bng trng di 1m, rng 5cm t hai bn u li thng gc vi giao im ca
ng bin dc v ng gia sn
Bng gii hn l mt phn ca li
5. Ct li :
- Ct li cao 2.55m cng gi li c t ngoi sn cch ng bin dc 1m
- Ct li trn v nhn, c c nh chc xung t, khng dng dy cp gi.
6. Bng :
- Bng hnh cu trn lm bng da mm hoc da tng hp, bn trong c rut bng cao su
hoc cht liu tng t.
- Mu sc phi ng mu hoc phi hp cc mu .
- Chu vi ca bng : 65 - 67cm, trng lng ca bng : 260cm - 280cm .
2
- p lc trong ca bng : 0,30 - 0,325 kg/cm
- Mi qu bng dng trong mt trn u phi c cng chu vi, trng lng, p lc, chng
loi, mu sc ...
7. i bng :
- Mi i c php ng k thi u ti a 12 cu th (trong c 1 cu th t do
Libero). Ch c cu th ng k mi c vo sn thi u.
- Mi i cn c 1 hun luyn vin trng, 1 hun luyn vin ph v 1 bc s.
- Vn ng vin Libero khng c lm i trng hoc i trng trn sn.
- Khi bng ngoi cuc, ch c i trng trn sn c quyn ni vi trng ti.
- Trong sut trn u, hun luyn vin c ch o i mnh t bn ngoi sn u.
Hun luyn vin l ngi quyt nh i hnh thi u, thay ngi v xin hi . Khi thc hin cc
vic ny, hun luyn vin lin h trng ti th hai.
8. i thng trn :
Mi trn thi u 5 hip, i no thng 3 hip (3-0; 3-1; 3-2) l thng trn.
9. i thng 1 hip :
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