Chng 3:

XNG (GASOLINE)

Cc sn phm du kh

Mc Tiu
Trinh bay khai ni m
, thanh phn, phn loai nhin liu
xng
Trinh bay cac c trng c ban cua xng
Cac yu cu k thut va cac ch tiu anh gia cht
lng xng cho ng c t trong
Ph gia va cht nn pha xng
Xu hng phat trin xng n
g c

Cc sn phm du kh

Ni dung
3.1. Khai nim v xng
3.2. ng c xng
3.3. Thanh phn, phn loai
3.4. Mt s tnh cht k thut c trng cua xng
3.5. Ph gia va cac cht nn pha xng
3.6. Xu hng phat trin xng ng c
3.7. Th trng
3.8. Xng may bay

Cc sn phm du kh

3.1 Khai nim v xng

Cc sn phm du kh

3.1 Khai nim v xng

3.1.1. Pham vi s dung xng

ng dung cua xng

1. Nhin
liu
ng c oto,
may bay

2. Dung mi
trong cng nghip sn,
cao su, keo dan, dung
trch ly cht bo, trong
cng nghip hng liu,
dc liu
Ph bin l xng
parafinic v aromatic. ly
trc tip t C.C du m

3. Nguyn liu cho tng

hp ha du
Sn xut c cac H.C
thm khac nhau nh
benzen, toluen, xylen.
Ngoi ra, cn thu c
cac olefin nh C1, C2

3.2 ng c xng
3.2.1 Gii thiu ng c xng:
ng c xng l mt kiu ng c t trong, chy
cng bc nhm thc hin s chuyn ha nng
lng ha hc ca nhin liu khi chy thnh nng
lng c hc di dang chuyn ng quay.

Cc sn phm du kh

3.2 ng c xng
Nguyn l hoat ng
1. Xng c trn trong khng kh b ch ha kh
2. c nn trong xylanh ti t s nn nh trc.
3. Buji s nh la t chy hn hp nhin liu.
4. Nhin liu chy v gin n tao ra cng c hc, ni
vi truc quay tao ra s chuyn ng.

Cc sn phm du kh

3.2 ng c xng
3.2.1.1 ng c xng 4 k:

Cc sn phm du kh

3.2 ng c xng
3.2.1.2 ng c xng 2 k:

Cc sn phm du kh

3.3 Thnh phn-phn loai

LOGO

Phn oan: Vi khong nhit di 180oC.

Xng bao gm cc hydrocacbon t C5 C10, C11

Xng
Phi hydrocacbon

Hydrocacbon
Parafin
Olefin

Aromatic
Naphtenic

Cac hp cht lu
huynh , nit v oxy

3.3 Thnh phn-phn loai

3.3.1. Phn loai
Phn loai xng

1. tr s
octan

2. thnh
phn pha
trn b xung

3. hm
lng ph
gia ch
mua

4. tiu chun
th gii v
trong nc

3.4 Mt s tnh cht k thut c trng cua

xng
ng c hoat ng tt v c hiu sut cao, xng phi tng thch vi
ng c, ngha l phi c cht lng p ng c mt s yu cu sau:

Chy
C kh
iu
nng
ha,
bay hi ngha l
u tt
khng
chy
nhng
Khng kch n,
lan
tao nt
truyn
hi
theo
trong
mt trt
h
t nht
thng
nh

C
nhit
chy
ln

12

Khng
tao cn
Khng
n mn
ng
c

Kh thi
c t
Du bi
thnh
trn b Cc tiu
phn
pha
ch
D lu
c hai long khc v
chuyn
vi mi
bi
mu,
trng xng t
mi
v con
nht
ngi

Cc sn phm du kh

3.4 Mt s tnh cht k thut c trng cua xng

Cac tnh cht ha l c trng cua xng

Kh nng
chng
chay kch
n

Kh
nng
bay hi

bn
ha hc

Hm
lng lu
hunh tng

Hm
lng
benzen

3.4 Mt s tnh cht k thut c trng cua xng

3.4.1. Kha nng chng chay kch n

1. S
chay
kch n

S chay rt nhanh hn hp (NL+KK) trong bung t do

nhit v ap sut gia tng nhanh tip theo s chay khi
u cua hn hp chung quanh bugi.
S chay kch n xy ra trc b mt ngn la

2. cac yu t nh
hng n s
khi mo cua
chay kch n

3. Tr s octane

thit k bung t
V tr v loi bugi, thi im anh la
S m van tit lu,
Nhit khng kh u vo, nhit lm mat
T s nn
Thnh phn cua xng

c trng cho kh nng chng kch

n cua nhin liu trong ng c.

3.4 Mt s tnh cht k thut c trng cua xng

3.4.1. Kh nng chng chy kch n

nh ngha tr s octan: l mt n v o quy c dng

nh ngha tr s octan: l mt n v o quy c dng
c trng cho kh nng chng kch n cua nhin liu v n
c trng cho kh nng chng kch n cua nhin liu v n
c o bng:
c o bng:

% th tch cua izo-octan (2,2,4-trimetylpentan) trong

hn hp cua n vi n-heptan, tng ng vi kh
nng chng chy kch n cua nhin liu th nghim
k chun.

3.4 Mt s tnh cht k thut c trng cua xng

3.4.1. Kha nng chng chay kch n - Xac nh tr s octan
Vic xac nh c tin hnh bng cach cho ng c chy
trong iu kin tiu chun vi mu xng cn o, t s nn c
gia tng cho n khi xy ra s c chay n.
Izo-octane c tnh chng kch n cao

n-heptane khng c kh nng chng kch n

c pha trn theo mt t l nht nh

Nu hn hp dung chy ng c CFR v s kch n din ra cung m t l nn,

th tr s octan cua mu xng ng bng % th tch trong hn hp izo-octan/n-heptan

16

Cc sn phm du kh

3.4 Mt s tnh cht k thut c trng cua xng

3.4.1. Kh nng chng chy kch n

Cac loi tr s octane

Tr s octane
theo phng
phap nghin
cu (RON).

Tr s octane
theo phng
phap m t
(MON).

Tr s octane nghin
cu theo phn on ct
(c nhit si ti
1000C) (R 1000C).

Tr s octane
trn ng i
(Road ON).

Cac tr s octane RON, MON, R 1000C c xac nh

trong ng c c thit k c bit mt xilanh CFR.

3.4 Mt s tnh cht k thut c trng cua xng

3.4.1. Kha nng chng chay kch n

RON: ASTM-D2699
iu kin

Gii hn

Tc ng c

600 rpm

Gc nh la

130oC

p sut u

0.17 0.20MPa

Nhit u

57 8.5oC

Nhit lm mt

100 1.5oC

m khng kh

0.00365 0.00712kg
nc/kg

18

Cc sn phm du kh

3.4 Mt s tnh cht k thut c trng cua xng

3.4.1. Kh nng chng chy kch n - MON (ASTM-D2700)
y la phng phap motor c trng cho iu kin hoat
ng khc nghit hn: nhit u vao cua hn hp
cao, tai trng ln va valve tit lu m ht.
iu kin

Gii hn

Tc ng c

900 rpm

Gc anh la

Khng ch theo quy nh

p sut u

0.17 0.20MPa

Nhit u

57 8.5oC

Nhit lm mat

100 1.5oC

m khng kh

0.00365 0.00712kg
nc/kg

Nhit khng kh u
vo

38 2oC

19

Cc sn phm du kh

3.4 Mt s tnh cht k thut c trng cua xng

3.4.1. Kh nng chng chay kch n - nhy nhin liu (fuel sensitive-FS)

nhay cua xng FS = (RON-MON) v n phu thuc vo cu

tao ha hc v thnh phn phi trn cua xng.

nhy cua xng dao ng trong khong t 8-10 n v

octane. i vi xng tt nhy ny khng c vt qua 10
n v.
Cac hydrocacbon thm c nhy FS cao, nh reformate c
RON l 100 cn MON l 97.
Cn isomerate cha chu yu l i-parafin c nhy FS thp,
RON l 89 v MON l 88.

3.4 Mt s tnh cht k thut c trng cua xng

3.4.1. Kh nng chng chy kch n

Tr s RON1000

phng phap phn tch kh nng chng kch n cua nhng thnh
phn c nhit si thp trong xng

chng ct mu v sau l xac nh RON cua phn ct c

nhit si t nhit si u n 1000C
i vi xng thng phm R1000C lun nh hn RON. S cach
bit RON v R1000C gi l delta RON (RON).
RON ph thuc vo thnh phn cu to cua xng, nn n c th
dao ng t 4-12 n v.
i vi xng c cht lng cao th RON thng bng 10. Cac
loi xng thng dng c th c gia tr RON ln ti 15

3.4 Mt s tnh cht k thut c trng cua xng

3.4.1. Kh nng chng chay kch n

S cach bit gia tr gia

S cach
gia tr ON.
gia
RONbit
v Road
RON v Road ON.

Road ON

S ht hi trn ng hay bn cht l

S ht
trn
ng
hay
bn
cht l
s hi
gim
tr s
octane
trn
ng
s gim tr s octane trn ng

RoadON = RON - (FS)2/a

Road ON
S gim tr s octane trn
ng c th dao ng t
+6 ON ti -1 ON.
Vy gia tr tuyt i cua
Road ON khng c ngha
my, bi v n ph thuc
vo ng c m n c
xac nh.

Tm quan trng cua Road

ON l ngi ta c th so
sanh tnh nng chng kch
n cua mt s loi xng
vi loi xng c tnh nng
mi hoc l so sanh
sn phm gia cac nh
SX xng

3.4 Mt s tnh cht k thut c trng cua xng

3.4.2. Kh nng bay hi - p sut hi ASTM-

D323
bay hi l ch tiu quan trng cua xng, quyt nh kh nng vn hnh
bnh thng cua ng c. p sut hi c o bng phng phap Reid

Nguyn tc
Cho xng vo bnh
2, ni thng vi
bnh 1, cho vo
bnh n nhit,
(37,80C) sau 15
pht m vn
ni ton b h
thng vi p k
thy ngn.
chnh lch h s
cho bit Phbh ca
23
xng cn o

3.4 Mt s tnh cht k thut c trng cua

xng
3.4.2. Kha nng bay hi

p sut hi ASTM-D323
Kh nng bay hi cua cac hydrocacbon xac nh
khuynh hng to hn hp n tim n.
p sut hi thp qu s gy kh khi ng,
tuy nhin cng khng nn qu cao, v d to
nt hi 7.0~12PSi
Pcao: ng c d khi ng, d hao ht ln
trong vn chuyn v tn tr, kh bo qun

24

Cc sn phm du kh

3.4 Mt s tnh cht k thut c trng cua xng

3.4.2. Kh nng bay hi - Thnh phn ct ASTM

D86

y cng l ch tiu quan trng anh gia cht lng cua xng

Nguyn tc
Tin hnh chng
ct 100ml mu
di iu kin
tng ng
Kt qu thng
c bo co di
dng phn trm
thu hi (percent
recovered) theo
nhit tng ng.
25

3.4 Mt s tnh cht k thut c trng cua

xng
3.4.2. Kha nng bay hi

Thnh phn ct ASTM D86

im si u (IBP), im si cui (FBP), v
khong nhit si tng ng.
im 50%: Biu th kh nng thay i tc ca
my
Ch s vn hnh: DI = 1.5(T10) + 3(T50) +
T90
DI nm trong khong 455 704.
Ty theo nhit mi trng vn hnh m DI
cao thp.
Vit Nam DI vo ti a l 680, tuy nhin
xng ma ng cho min Bc ch vo khong
520 550

26

Cc sn phm du kh

3.4 Mt s tnh cht k thut c trng cua xng

n mn tm ng (ASTM-D130)
Ham lng S tng (ASTM-D4952-96).
acid: theo tiu chun quc t la 1
4mgKOH/100ml
Ham lng nha: 1 10mg/100ml
n nh oxy ha: 200 400 pht
Ham lng chi: hin nay cm s dng ph gia chi
pha xng.
Ham lng benzen

27

Cc sn phm du kh

3.4 Ch tiu anh gia xng

Ham lng nc va tap cht c hc: xac nh theo
ASTM-D95-83. Yu cu la bng 0. Tap cht c hc
cng yu cu bng 0.
Khi lng ring: 0.68 0.75g/cm3 (ASTM-D1250)
Mau sc: Khng nht thit phai c, nhng pha vao
phn bit cac loai xng c RON khac nhau:

RON92: mau xanh

RON90: mau
RON83: mau nu sm
Du ha: mau tm.
28

Cc sn phm du kh

3.4 Ch tiu anh gia xng

Tn ch tiu
Tr s octan,
RON
min
MON
Hm lng ch, g/l, max
Thnh phn chng ct phn on:
0
C
- im si u
- 10%V, max
- 50%V, max
- 90%V, max
- im si cui
- Cn cui %V max
n mn tm ng 500C/3h, max
Hm lng thc t ( ra dung
mi), mg/100ml, max
n nh oxi ha, pht, min
Hm lng lu hunh, mg/kg,
max
p xut hi bo ha Ried
37,80C, kPa
Hm lng benzen, %V,max
Hydrocacbon thm, %V, max
Olefin, %V, max

29

90
90
79

Xng khng ch
92
92
81
0,013

Phng php th
95
95
84

TCVN 2703:2002; ASTM D2699

ASTM D2700
TCVN 7143:2002; ASTM D3237
TCVN 2698: 2002; ASTM D86

Bo co
70
120
190
215
2,0
Loi 1
5
480
500
43 75
2,5
40
38

TCVN 2694:2000; ASTM D130

TCVN 6593:2000: ASTM D381

TCVN 6778:2000; ASTM D525
TCVN 6701:2000; ASTM D2622
D5453
TCVN 7023:2000; ASTM D4953
D5191
TCVN 6703:2000; ASTM D3606
D4420
TCVN 7330: 2003; ASTM D1319
Cc sn phm du kh
TCVN 7330:2003; ASTM D1319

3.5 Ph gia v cht nn pha xng

3.5.1.
Cht nn
LOGO

Isomer ha

Chng ct trc
tip

Xng
Reforming xc tc

Alkyl ha

Cracking xc tc

3.5 Ph gia v cht nn pha xng

3.5.2. Phu gia pha xng

Ph gia pha xng

Tng tr
s octan

Phu gia
chng
oxy
ha

Phu gia
tng p
sut hi

Ph gia
ty ra
chng g,
ty cn

Phu gia
tao mu

3.5 Ph gia v cht nn pha xng

3.5.2. Phu gia pha xng

1. C ch hot ng cua
ph gia xng chu yu
theo c ch pha huy, c
ch cac hp cht peoxit,
hydropeoxit, gc t do
sinh ra trong qua trnh
tin chay cua nhin liu.

2. Mt c ch khac cng cn
phi k n l tnh tng h,
li ko cua ph gia i vi
xng gc, y cng c th
c coi l c ch tng tr s
octan cua cac cu t pha ch
vo xng.

3.5 Ph gia v cht nn pha xng

3.5.2. Phu gia pha xng

yu cu k thut phu gia pha ch vo xng

Ph gia phi b sung hoc lm tng cng cac

tnh cht vn c cua xng v khng c lm
gim hoc thay i khng ang k
Khng c hi vi con ngi v mi
trng, khng nh hng n cac chi tit
cua ng c.
C th m nhim nhiu chc nng cung lc
hay ap ng c nhiu mc ch s dng
khac nhau (tnh a chc)

3.5 Ph gia v cht nn pha xng

3.5.2. Phu gia pha xng
Phu gia ch`bao gm cc cht nh tetrametyl ch (TML),
tetraetyl ch (TEL).
Cht khng hot ng
Phu gia ny c tc dung ph huy cc hp cht trung gian
hoat ng (peoxit, hydropeoxit, gc t do) do lm gim
kh nng b chy kch n.
Kt qu l tr s octan cua xng thc t c tng ln. C
ch ny c th c m t nh sau:

Phn huy TML trong ng c:

to

Pb(CH3)4

Pb + O2

Pb + 4CH3

PbO2

R CH3 + O2

R CH2COOH
cht hot ng

To cac hp cht khng

hot ng:

R CH2COOH + PbO2

RCHO + PbO + H2O + 1/2O2

Cht khng hot ng

3.5 Ph gia v cht nn pha xng

3.5.2. Phu gia pha xng
PbO kt tua s bam ln thnh xylanh, ng dn lm tc ng
nhin liu v tng s mi mn.
Dung cac cht mang a PbO ra ngoi. Cac cht mang hay
dung l C2H5Br hoc l C2H5Cl,
S dng xng ch s khng dung c hp xc tac

C ch tac dng:

C2H5Br

to

2HBr + PbO

C2H4 + HBr

PbBr2 + H2O

Cac sn phm PbBr2, H2O l cht lng c nhit si thp nn

s bc hi v c kh thi a ra ngoi.
Khi ng c lm vic mi trng c nhit thp, ti ca x
cua ng c thng r ra nc c phn quang trn b mt
Hn hp phu gia ch v cht mang rt c.

3.5 Ph gia v cht nn pha xng

3.5.2. Phu gia pha xng

Ngoi cc hp cht cha ch b cm s dung. Phu gia

Ngoi
cc hp
cht
yu
b cm
dung.chnh
Phu gia
pha xng
c
scha
dungch
chu
gms
3 nhm
sau
pha xng c s dung chu yu gm 3 nhm chnh sau

3. Cac amin thm

Phu gia
pha xng

2. Cac hp cht c kim

1. Cc hp cht oxigenat.
(Khi pha vo xng vi mt lng kha ln
n c xem nh mt loi cu t pha trn.

3.5 Ph gia va cht nn pha xng

3.5.2 Ph gia:
3.5.2.1 Ph gia tng tr s octane:
Cac loi phu gia tng tr s octan
Cc ph gia

Gii hn trong xng

Hp cht oxigenat

<20% V

Kh nng tng tr s
octan
3-5

Hp cht thm amin

1 1,3 % V

Hp cht cha st

38mg Fe/1l

3-4

Hp cht cha
mangan

50 mg Mn/ 1l

5-6

37

Nguyn nhn ca
vic gii hn
To phn lp khi
pha trn, lm tng
RVP, gy nhim
mi trng
To nha trong ng
c v cc b phn
t nhin liu
Lm tng s mi
mn v h hng
b phn nh la v
trong bung t
chnh
Lm tng s mi
mn v h hng
b phn nh la v
trong bung t
chnh
Cc sn phm du kh

3.5 Ph gia va cht nn pha xng

3.5.2 Ph gia:
3.5.2.1 Ph gia tng tr s octane:
Cac loi ph gia tng tr s octan khi pha vo xng c mt s hiu
ng tng h khac nhau i vi cac thnh phn cua xng cng
nh i vi cac ph gia khac.
Kh nng tng thch cua cac hp cht tng tr s octan
Hp cht
tng tr s
octan

Ch

Ch

St

Mangan

Amin

Oxigenat

St

Mangan

Amin

Oxygenat

Ghi ch

+
+

+: Tnh tng h; -: tnh i khng; 0 = cng hp

38

Cc sn phm du kh

3.5 Ph gia va cht nn pha xng

3.5.2 Ph gia:
3.5.2.1 Ph gia tng tr s octane: Ph gia oxygenate:
Ph gia ch oxy
Metanol
Etanol
Tertbutanol (TBA)
Metyl tert-butyl eter (MTBE)
Etyl tert-butyl eter (ETBE)
Tert-amylmetyl eter (TAME)
Metanol/TBA (50/50)

RON

MON

127136

99104

120135

100106

104110

9098

115123

98105

110119

95104

111116

98103

115123

96104

Ti Vit Nam: Pha ch xng trong nc t ngun condensate

a nghin cu v ch to th nghim ph gia pha ch xng trn c
s cht nn l methyl cyclopentan dienyl Manganese tri
cacbonyl(MMT)
39

Cc sn phm du kh

3.5 Ph gia va cht nn pha xng

3.5.2 Ph gia:
3.5.2.1 Ph gia tng tr s octane: Ph gia oxygenate:
Hiu ng tng RON v kh nng tng thch cua MMT vi cac hp cht
Oxigenat [4]
Xng gc

MMT,mg/l Mn

MTBE, %V

Etanol, %V

RON

RON

Xng gc

92,0

Xng gc

18

94,0

2,6

Xng gc

18

5,5

9,6

4,0

Xng gc

18

11,0

97,0

5,0

Xng gc

18

5,5

96,6

4,6

Xng gc

18

11,0

98,1

6,1

40

Cc sn phm du kh

3.4 Ph gia va cht nn pha xng

3.5.2 Ph gia:
3.5.2.1 Ph gia tng tr s octane:
Ph gia oxygenate:
LOI PH GIA
Metanol

Etanol

TBA/metanol

MTBE
Triu Quang Tin

U IM

NHC IM
-

D tan trong nc;

Lm tng RPV
Lm tng kh nng chy n

D sn xut t nguyn
liu nng nghip
-

D tan trong nc;

Lm tng RPV
Lm tng kh nng chy n

D kim
Khng to ra cc pha
phn cch

Nhit chy mm cao

Ha tan c nc
Lm tng RPV

An ton
Sn c
t ha tan41
vi nc

t
Tng kh nng bay hi ca phn on gia
Cc sn
phm
dut
kh
To ra kh c trong
qu
trnh

R
D kim

3.5 Ph gia va cht nn pha xng

3.5.2 Ph gia:
3.5.2.1 Ph gia tng tr s octane:
Cac loi ph gia tng tr s octan, khi pha vo xng c mt s hiu
ng tng h khac nhau i vi cac thnh phn cua xng cng
nh i vi cac ph gia khac.
Kh nng tng thch cua cac hp cht tng tr s octan
Hp cht tng
tr s octan

Ch

Ch

St

Mangan

Amin

Oxigenat

St

Mangan

Amin

Oxygenat

Ghi ch

+
+

+: Tnh tng h; -: tnh i khng; 0 = cng hp

42

Cc sn phm du kh

3.5 Ph gia v cht nn pha xng

3.5.2. Phu gia pha xng
3.5.2.2. Ph gia chng oxy ha
H phenol, hp cht amine
Trong xng c cha cac olefin d b oxy ha khi tn tr v to
nha
Vic thm cht ph gia chng oxy ha nhm mc ch lm chm qua
trnh to nha cau t cac thnh phn olefin c trong xng.
Cac cht chng oxy ha thng c cho vo trong xng vi
lng rt nh rt nh.
Trong ph gia chng oxy ha ngi ta cng thng cho thm
mt lng nh cac cht lm gim hot ng cua kim loi, gim
nhit hot ng ha hc cua kim loi (k c Cu), trong qua
trnh lc du, qua trnh vn chuyn,...

3.5 Ph gia v cht nn pha xng

3.5.2. Phu gia pha xng
3.5.2.2. Ph gia chng oxy ha

Cht ty ra

Trong carburator, trong h thng bm nhin liu cua ng c, sau mt thi

gian s dng c mt lng nha, cac loi cn, mui bam vo. Cac loi cn
thng tp trung mt van tit lu cua ng c.

loi b nhng loi cn bn ny v lm sch cacburator ngi ta

thng thm vo trong xng mt lng nh cac cht ty ra vo
trong xng thng phm loi b cac cn bn tch t trong
carburator.
Cac ph gia thng dung l sunphonat, phenolat, salixylat, photphonat.

3.5 Ph gia v cht nn pha xng

3.5.2. Phu gia pha xng:
3.5.2.3. Phu gia chng g
Tt c cac loi xng thng cha mt lng nh lu hunh (S)
Ch mt lng nh lu hunh c trong xng cng c kh nng to
thnh axit yu khi kt hp vi cac hi m c sn trong khng kh

Cac loi axit ny c th tac dng ha hc vi cac thnh phn khac

nhau cua cac b tn cha, cac h thng cng ngh, carburator cua
ng c gy hin tng n mn, lm tc nghn cac b phn lc

Phi cho ph gia chng r vo chng li cac hin tng trn. Thng l
mui ammon hoc amine cua cac axit phosphoric, sulphonic, cacbocilic, c
tac dng trung ha:
(NH4)2CO3 + H2S (NH4)2S+H2O+CO2

3.5 Ph gia v cht nn pha

xng
3.5.2 Ph gia
3.5.2.4 Ph gia to mu

Ph gia mu

Mu : xng
thng

Mu luc (xanh l cy)

xng khng ch

46

Mu lam
xng min thu

Cc sn phm du kh

3.6 Xu hng phat trin xng

Triu Quang Tin

47

Cc sn phm du kh

3.6 Xu hng phat trin xng

48

Cc sn phm du kh

3.6 Xu hng phat trin xng

Triu Quang Tin

49

Cc sn phm du kh

3.6 Xu hng phat trin xng

Quy nh ham lng S

50

Cc sn phm du kh

3.7 Th trng
3.7.1 Th trng Vit Nam

51

Cc sn phm du kh

3.7 Th trng
3.7.1 Th trng Vit Nam

52

Cc sn phm du kh

3.7 Th trng
3.7.1 Th trng Vit Nam

53

Cc sn phm du kh

3.7 Th trng
7.3.2 T l xng va DO:

54

Cc sn phm du kh

3.7 Th trng
Th trng:

55

Cc sn phm du kh

3.8 Xng may bay

Xng may bay: c nhng quy nh nghim ngc khac
Tr s octane: phai rt cao.
Hn hp ngho: ( = 0.95 1.0): ng c lam vic ch tai
trng trung binh nh tun tra.
Hn hp giau: (= 0.6 0.7): ng c lam vic ch tai
trng nng, tng cng cng sut ti a nh ct canh.
Tnh chng kch n cua nhin liu cho hn hp ngho c trng
bng tr s octan; cho hn hp giau biu th bng phm .
(VD: Avgas 100/130)

Nhit kt tinh: di -60oC

56

Cc sn phm du kh

3.8. Xng may bay

3.8.1. Gii thiu

Xng may bay thuc loi xng cao

cp, l hn hp ca mt s thnh
phn c bit nhm thu c xng
c phm cht tt.

v d, xng loi B 100/ 130 thu c

bng cach trn xng cracking xc tac
vi nhng thnh phn cao octan nh
izo-octan.
Xng B 91/ 115 l xng pha trn gia
xng crking xc tac, xng chng ct
trc tip v thnh phn cao octan.

3.8. Xng may bay

3.8.1. Gii thiu

Yu cu k thut cua xng may bay

Tr s octan
=>100

Thnh phn ct
phn oan cua
xng my bay
phi ly hp (t
40 n 1800C)

Hm lng
olefin phi thp
(< 3%)

3.8. Xng my bay

3.8.1. Yu cu k thut cua xng my bay
Tr s octan

Tr s octan phi m bo khi hn hp chay thiu xng, tha khng

kh hn hp ngheo( gim cng sut) v hn hp chay tha xng,
thiu khng kh hn hp giu (ct canh).

Tr s octan trong trng hp hn hp giu gi l tr s phm .

Th hin tr s octan cua xng may bay bng phn s, trong : t
s l tr s octan, mu s l tr s phm . V d xng loi B
100/130

3.8. Xng my bay

3.8.1. Yu cu k thut cua xng my bay
Thnh phn ct phn oan, hm lng olefin

tranh
tranh

Yu cu
Thnh phn ct phn on
cua xng may bay phi ly
hp (t 40 n 1800C)

. Hm lng olefin
phi thp (< 3%)

Trng hp xng c nhiu cu t

nh to nt hi trong h thng cp
liu
V xng c nhiu cu t nng, khi
chay s chay khng hon ton, to
cn.

trnh

S trung hp to nha,
lm cho xng b bin
mu v khng bo qun
c lu.

3.8 Xng may bay

Triu Quang Tin

61

BP AVGAS 100

Cc sn phm du kh

3.8 Xng may bay

Triu Quang Tin

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BP AVGAS 100 LL

Cc sn phm du kh