tiu chun vit nam

tcvn 5760 : 1993

H thng cha chy - Yu cu chung v thit k, lp t v

s dng
Fire extinguishing system - General requirements for design, installation and use
Tiu chun ny p dng thit k, lp t v s dng cc h thng cha chy |c trang b
cho cc cng trnh (nh my, x nghip, kho tng, tr s, c quan, nh... )
1.

1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13

1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18

Thut ng v nh ngha
H thng cha chy l tng hp cc thit b k thut chuyn dng, |ng ng v cht
cha chy dng dp tt cc m chy.
H thng cha chy c nh l h thng cha chy |c lp t c nh.
H thng cha chy bn c nh l h thng cha chy m mt phn ca h thng
|c lp t c nh, phn cn li khi cha chy mi lp ni hon chnh.
H thng cha chy t ng l h thng cha chy |c iu khin t ng khi xy
ra chy.
H thng cha chy bng tay l h thng cha chy |c iu khin bng tay.
H thng cha chy theo th tch l h thng cha chy to ra mi tr|ng khng duy
s chy trong th tch cn cha chy.
H thng cha chy b mt l h thng cha chy |c dng phun kn ln b mt
cht chy.
H thng cha chy bng n|c l h thng cha chy m cht dng dp chy l
n|c.
H thng cha chy bng bt l h thng cha chy m cht dng dp chy l bt.
H thng cha chy bng bt l h thng cha chy m cht dng dp chy l bt.
H thng cha chy bng kh l h thng cha chy m cht dng dp chy l kh.
H thng cha chy bng hi l h thng cha chy m cht dng dp chy l hi
n|c.
H thng cha chy sprinkler l h thng cha chy vi du phun kh lun ch
th|ng trc, u phun |c m ra khi t ti nhit quy nh v ch cha chy cc
b trn mt din tch nht nh.
H thng cha chy Drencher l h thng cha chy vi u phun h, khi c chy
ton b din tch pha d|i cc u phun |c phun cht cha chy.
H thng cha chy vch t|ng l h thng cha chy |c lp t trn t|ng bn
trong cc cng trnh.
B phn iu khin l cc thit b iu khin s hot ng ca h thng cha chy.
B phn cung ng d tr cht cha chy l cc thit b dng cha v truyn ti
cht cha chy.
B phn phn b cht cha chy l tng hp cc thit b k thut dng phn chia,
dn, chuyn cht cha chy.

tiu chun vit nam

tcvn 5760 : 1993

2. Phn loi m chy

2.1
Ph thuc vo trng thi cht chy v vt liu chy, m chy |c phn thnh 4 loi
: chy cht rn k hiu l A, chy cht lng k hiu l B, chy cht kh k hiu l C v
chy kim loi k hiu l D. Mi loi cn |c phn thnh nhm m bo hiu qu
cao khi s dng h thng cha chy.
2.2
Loi v nhm m chy |c quy nh trong bng 1.
Bng 1
K hiu lai
m chy

c tnh ca
loi m chy

K hiu
nhm m
chy
A1

Chy cht rn
A2

B1
B

Chy cht lng

B2

Chy cc kim
loi

D2
D3

2.3

Chy cc cht rn vi qu trnh chy m

(Th d : g, giy, c kh, rm r, than, sn
phm dt)
Chy cc cht rn nh|ng khng c qu trnh
chy m .
(Th d : Cht do)
Chy cht lng khng tan trong n|c (Th
d : xng ete, nhin liu du m); chy cht
rn ha lng (th d : paraphin)
Chy cc cht lng ha tan trong n|c (th
d : r|u, Metanol, glyxrin)

Chy cc cht
kh (th d :
Metan, hyro,
Propan...)
D1

c tnh ca nhm m chy

Chy cc cht kim loi nh (Th d: nhm,

manh v hp kim ca chng)
Chy kim loi kim v cc kim loi ng
dng khc (th d: natri, kali)
Chy cc hp cht c cha kim loi (Th d:
cc hp cht hu c kim loi, hydrua kim
loi)

Biu t|ng loi m chy gip cho ng|i s dng cc thit b, dng c cha chy
ph hp vi tng loi m chy. Mi thit b, dng c cha chy phi |c gn biu
t|ng trn ng quy nh. Biu t|ng loi m chy |c quy nh bng 2.

tiu chun vit nam

tcvn 5760 : 1993

Ch thch: i vi thit b, dng c cha |c nhiu loi m chy khc nhau th phi
|c gn y cc loi biu t|ng quy nh.

3. Yu cu v thit k
3.1
Khi thit k h thng cha chy phi cn c vo loi m chy, tnh cht nguy him
chy v khi l|ng cht chy c trong cng trnh v hiu qu cha chy ca cc h
thng.
Hiu qu cha cc m chy khi thit k h thng cha chy xem bng 3.
Bng 3
Cht
cha
chy
1

Hiu qu khi cha cc loi m chy

H thng

2
Vch t|ng
N|c
Sprinkler Drencher
Bt nh
Bt Bt nng
Bt trung bnh
Kh
CO2
Bt BC
Bt
Bt ABCD

A1

A1

B1

B2

++
+
+

D
D1

D2

D3

10

++

++

++

++

tiu chun vit nam

tcvn 5760 : 1993

Ch thch:
Du "++" - Rt hiu qu.
Du "+" - Cha chy thch hp.
Du "-" - Cha chy khng thch hp.
Bt nh - Bt c bi s n cao.
Bt trung bnh - Bt c bi s n trung bnh
Bt nng - Bt c bi s n thp.
Bt BC - Bt dng cha cc m chy c k hiu B, C
Bt ABCD - Bt dng cha cc m chy c k hiu A, B, Cv D.

3.2

3.3

3.4
3.5

3.6

3.7
3.8
3.9

3.10

H thng cha chy c :

- B phn bo ng.
- B phn iu khin.
- B phn cung ng, d tr cht cha chy.
- B phn phn b cht cha chy v u phun, lng phun.
- B phn |ng ng.
- B phn cung cp in.
cc h thng cha chy bng tay v bn c nh cho php gim bt tng b phn
xt thy khng cn thit c trong h thng.
Kh thit k h thng cha chy phi m bo l|u lng cht cha chy. L|u l|ng
cht cha chy ph thuc vo loi cht cha chy, cht chy, din tch v th tch
cn cha chy.
H thng cha chy phi m bo p lc |a cht cha chy vo ni chy.
B phn cung ng d tr cht cha chy phi m bo hot ng th|ng xuyn v
phi c l|ng d tr ph hp vi tng loi h thng cha chy theo cc tiu chun
TCVN 2622 : 1978 v TCVN 5307 : 1991.
B phn phn b cht cha chy, u phun v lng phun phi m bo ph kn cht
cha chy ln b mt cht chy, din tch cha chy v t l phn trm cn thit k
khi cha chy th tch.
Phi s dng u phun, lng phun ph hp vi tng loi h thng cha chy.
B phn bo ng phi m bo hot ng bnh th|ng. Khi cha chy phi pht tn
hiu bo ng.
B phn cung cp in phi m bo cung cp y nng l|ng cho h thng cha
chy hot ng. Phi c ngun cung cp in d phng kp thi thay th khi
ngun chnh b ngt in.
Khi thit k h thng cha chy cho cng trnh cn phi c :
- Thuyt minh v kt cu v nguyn l hot ng ca h thng.
- Cc thng s k thut.
- Ti liu tnh v xc nh cc thng s k thut.
- Bn h|ng dn kim tra chc nng ca h thng v ti liu h|ng dn bo d|ng k
thut.
- Cc bn v k thut.

tiu chun vit nam

tcvn 5760 : 1993

3.11

Khi thit k h thng cha chy phi xem xt c im cu trc ca cng trnh
m bo hiu qu khi s dng.

3.12

Ch thit k h thng cha chy SPRINKLER cho cng trnh c chiu cao ca trn
hoc mi t l0m tr xung. Khong cch t u phun, lng phun n cht chy, vt
chy phi m bo t 0,5m tr ln.

3.13

H thng cha chy DRENCHER |c thit k cho cng trnh khng hn ch chiu
cao ca trn hoc mi. Khi thit k h thng cha chy DRENCHER cn phn chia
tng vng trnh cha trn lan.
Khi thit k h thng cha chy bng bt, bng kh phi xem xt n kh nng thot
kh tha nhm gim p lc d| trong cng trnh.
B phn cung ng d tr cht cha chy |c thit k trong cng trnh hay ngoi tri
ty thuc vo iu kin c th ca cng trnh.

3.14
3.15

4. Yu cu v lp t
4.1
Ch |c tin hnh lp t hoc thay i h thng cha chy theo h s thit k
|c c quan phng chy cha chy ph duyt.
4.2
Khi lp t h thng cha chy, cc thit b phi m bo kn, bn nht l cc
h thng cha sn cht cha chy c p lc.
4.3
B phn cung ng, d tr cht cha chy t ngoi nh phi c mi che trnh m|a
nng.
4.4
Sau khi lp t hon chnh h thng cha chy phi tin hnh th nghim, nh gi
cht l|ng v cc thng s k thut ca h thng v phi |c ghi vo bin bn
nghim thu.
5. Yu cu v s dng.
5.1
Ch cho php |a vo hot ng nhng h thng cha chy m bo cht l|ng v
cc thng s k thut theo thit k.
5.2
Mi h thng cha chy phi c s theo di ghi chp cc thng tin v h thng
. S theo di do ng|i vn hnh bo qun v ghi chp.
5.3
H thng cha chy phi |c nh k bo d|ng k thut theo h|ng dn ca ni
ch to sn xut.
Tr|ng hp sa cha, thay th khi c s c hoc hng hc cng phi thc hin ng
theo h|ng dn.
5.4
Sau khi s dng h thng cha chy vo vic cha chy hoc thc tp, c quan qun
l trc tip phi nhanh chng thay th, sa cha nu thy cn thit.
5.5
Ng|i vn hnh h thng cha chy phi c trnh hiu bit nht nh v chuyn
phi nm |c quy trnh vn hnh theo bn h|ng dn ca ni ch to sn xut.
5.6
Ng|i vn hnh lun phi th|ng xuyn kim tra kh nng sn sng cha chy ca
h thng theo ti liu h|ng dn ca ni ch to sn xut v cc ti liu c lin quan
khc. Khi pht hin cc hng hc phi bo ngay cho ng|i c trch nhim ca n v
mnh bit khc phc.
5.7
Ng|i bo d|ng k thut, sa cha hoc thay th tng b phn ca h thng cha
phi c trnh chuyn mn v phi |c cp c thm quyn quyt nh.