BI TIU LUN

NNG 4/2009

Thnh vin nhm

1. Triu Th Bch
2. Nguyn Th Thu Thu
3. Bi Vn Dng

Li m u
Trong qu trnh pht trin khng ngng ca x hi,
loi ngi t c nhiu thnh tu to ln trong
cc lnh vc kinh t x hi vi mt trnh khoa hc
k thut hin i, nhng ng thi cng gy ra nhiu
hu qu nghim trng cho mi trng, c bit l
mi trng nc
Cng vi vic bo v v cung cp ngun nc sch,
vic thi v x l nc b nhim trc khi vo
ngun l mt vn bc xc i vi ton th loi
ngi. N khng gii hn trong mt quc gia, mt
khu vc m cn l mt vn nng bng ca ton
nhn loi.

*Hin nay th gii c khong 6 t ngi sinh

sng v thi ra hng t m 3 nc thi sinh hot
hng ngy
*Vit Nam hng ngy c hng triu m 3 nc
thi c a vo mi trng do s pht trin
ca th ho, dn s ngy cng gia tng,
lng nc thi sinh hot ngy cng nhiu

*Trc tnh hnh , loi ngi ang tm mi

gii php bo v mi trng. Vic ng
dng thnh tu cng ngh sinh hc vo x
l nc thi ngy cng rng ri.
* C rt nhiu phng php sinh hc x
l nc thi sinh hot, nh: Hiu kh, k
kh Nhng phng php sinh hc k kh
c ng dng nhiu Vit Nam v cho
hiu qu cao nht.

nh hng ca nc thi sinh hot

n mi trng
Mi trng t

Mi trng nc

Nc thi sinh hot

Mi trng khng kh

Sc kho con ngi

1.Thnh phn, tnh cht nc thi sinh hot

a) c im:
- C hm lng ln cht hu c d b phn
hu.
+ Hydratcacbone
+ Protein
+ Cht bo
- Cc cht v c sinh dng
+ Phosphat
+ Nit
- Cng vi cc vi khun, c th l vi sinh vt
gy bnh
- Trng giun, sn

c im ca nc thi sinh hot

Thng s
BOD
COD
SS
N tng s
Amoni
Tng coliform
Feacal coliform
Trng giun,sn

Nng
450-540 mg/l
720-1.020 mg/l
700-1.450 mg/l
60-120 mg/l
24-48 mg/l
106-109/100 ml
105-106/100 ml
103/100 ml

2.Thnh phn v Tnh cht ca nc thi

a) Thnh phn
Cc cht

Mc nhim
Nng

Trung bnh

Thp

1000

500

200

Tng nit

85

50

25

Cht rn khng tan

300

150

Tng cht rn l lng

600

350

120

BOD5

300

200

100

40

20

50

Tng cht rn

Tng phospho (mg/l)

Cht bo

b) Tnh cht.
- Nc thi sinh hot c mu nu en hoc
nu, c mi v l c trng ca nc thi
sinh hot do cha nhiu tp cht.
- c do cc cht ho tan vo nc ri sau
kt ta thnh ht rn, do t ho vo
nc dng phn tn

2. Nguyn tc x l nc thi
bng phng php k kh
(COHNS) + VSV k kh
CO2 + H2S
+NH3 + CH4 + cc cht khc + nng lng

(COHNS) + VSV k kh + nng lng

C5H7O2N (t bo vi sinh vt mi)

3.Cc qu trnh chuyn ho

trong x l k kh
*Qa trnh thy phn (hydrolysis):
*Qa trnh acid ha (Acidogesis):
*Qa trnh acetate ha (Acetogenesis):
4H2 +CO2
CH4+2H2O
*Qa trnh methane ha (Methangenesis):
--Nhm bin i acetate:
--Nhm bin i hydrogen:
03/03/15

17

B iu ha

Xe ch bn

Hp cht kh trng

5.Cc nhn t mi trng nh hng

n qu trnh ln men ym kh
-Nhit :
+ Vng nhit cao: 45 - 65 0C
+ Vng nhit trung bnh: 20 - 45 0C
+ Vng nhit thp: <200C
- nh hng ca cc ion kim loi:
- nh hng ca oxy v cc cht dinh dng
- nh hng ca pH
- nh hng ca cc c t:
03/03/15

19

Tm mn ni

on dn nc vo

Ni ht v bm bn

H THNG X L NC CP DNG
CHO SINH HOT

B x l sinh hc

H thng x l nc thi sinh

hot ECO-AEROBIC

H thng x l nc thi