Chng V: NHM HALOGEN

Bi 21: KHI QUT V NHM HALOGEN

Phn I

Phn II

Phn III

V TR CA NHM HALOGEN TRONG

BNG TUN HON
CU HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T, CU
TO PHN T

S BIN I TNH CHT

I. V TR CA NHM HALOGEN TRONG BNG TUN

HON

Chng ta cng lm cc bi tp
sau
Chng ta cng xem li bng tun
hon

Atatin khng gp trong t

nhin, l nguyn t phng
x nn ta khng nghin
cu.

II. CU HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T, CU TO PHN

T

Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng

ca cc nguyn t: F, Cl, Br, I?
2
5
F:
2s
2p
9
17

Cl:
3s23p5

2
5
Br:
4s
4p
35

Phn lp s: c
2e
Phn lp p: c
5e
T. qut: ns2np5

2
5
I:
5s
5p
53
Nhn
xt v s electron ngoi
cng ca nguyn t cc
nguyn t halogen?

Khuynh hng c trng ca

cc nguyn t halogen?
D nhn thm 1 electron, to
thnh ion halogenua c cu
hnh e ging kh him.

X + 1e
ns2np5

Xns2np6

Th hin tnh oxi ho

mnh

V sao cc nguyn t ca nguyn

t halogen khng ng ring r
m lin kt vi nhau to ra phn
..
. . t X ? . .
..
2
:

X + X
.

..

XX
:

..

..

..

CTCT: XX

CTPT:
X2

III. S BIN I TNH CHT

Da vo bng 11 hy rt
ra quy lut bin i tnh
cht vt l, tnh cht ho
hc v m in ca cc
nguyn t halogen i t
flo n iot?

Bng 11: Mt s c im ca cc nguyn t

halogen
Ng.
Flo
Clo
Brom
Iot
t
Tnh cht
S hiu nguyn
t

17

35

53

Bn knh
ng.t(nm)

0,064

0,099

0,114

0,133

Cu hnh e lp
ng.cng ca ng.
t

2s22p5

3s23p5

4s24p5 5s25p5

Nguyn t khi

19

35,5

80

127

Trng thi tp
hp ca n cht
200c

Kh

Kh

Lng

Rn

Lc
nhc

Vng
lc

Nu

en
tm

-219,6

-101,0

-7,3

113,6

Mu sc
Nhit nng

III. S BIN I TNH CHT

1. S bin i tnh cht vt l ca cc n
cht
i t flo n iot:
-Trng thi tp hp: Kh --->lng--->rn
-Mu sc: m dn
-Nhit nng chy v nhit si: Tng
dn
2. S bin i m in
- m in tng i ln
-i t flo n iot: m in gim
-Flo lun c s oxi ho l -1 trong cc hp
cht
-Cc halogen khc: ngoi s oxi ho l -1
cn c cc s oxi ho l +1, +3, +5, +7.

III. S BIN I TNH CHT

3. S bin i tnh cht ho hc ca
cc n cht
Hy gii thch v sao cc halogen
ging nhau v tnh cht cng nh
thnh phn v tnh cht ca cc
hp cht do chng to thnh?

V lp e ngoi cng c cu to
tng t nhau (ns2np5)

Da vo bn knh nguyn t hy
gii thch v sao i t F n I
tnh oxi ho gim?

BI TP TN

CNG C V DN D
Bi tp 1: Trong nhng cu sau y
cu no khng chnh xc?
a. Halogen l nhng phi kim in hnh,
chng l nhng cht oxi ho mnh.
b. Trong hp cht, cc halogen u c
th c s oxi ho:-1,+1,+3,+5,+7.
c. Kh nng oxi ho ca halogen gim
t flo n iot.
d. Cc halogen kh ging nhau v tnh
cht ho hc.

Bi tp 2: Hy chn cu tr li
ng trong cc cu sau:
Halogen l phi kim mnh v:
a. Phn t c 1 lin kt cng ho tr.
b. C m in ln.
c. Nng lng lin kt phn t khng
ln.
d. Bn knh nguyn t nh hn so
vi cc nguyn t trong cng chu
k.

Bi tp 3: c im no di y
khng phi l c im chung ca
cc nguyn t halogen?
a. Nguyn t ch c kh nng thu 1
electron.
b. To ra hp cht lin kt cng ho
tr vi hiro.
c. C s oxi ho -1 trong mi hp
cht.
d. Lp electron ngoi cng ca
nguyn t c 7 electron.

V nh hc bi v lm bi tp s:
4, 5, 6, 7,8 sch gio khoa
trang 96.

Bi tp: da vo c im cu
to nguyn t hy gii thch v
sao flo lun c s oxi ho l -1
trong mi hp cht cn cc
halogen khc ngoi s oxi ho
l -1 cn c cc s oxi ho l:
+1, +3, +5, +7.