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Bo co tham d Hi tho quc t v Nghin cu so snh nhn vn i Loan - Vit Nam ln th hai nm
2013 ti i Loan.
2
Tng iu tra Dn s v Nh Vit Nam nm 2009, Tng cc Thng k Vit Nam.
% so vi
dn s
Dn s
% so vi
dn s
28 M
41.405
0,05%
29 Kh M
72.929
0,08%
85,73%
30 Co
33.817
0,04%
1.626.392
1,89%
31 T i
43.886
0,05%
Thi
1.550.423
1,81%
32 Ch Ro
26.855
0,03%
Hoa
823.071
0,96%
33 Khng
13.840
0,02%
Kh Me
1.260.640
1,47%
34 Xinh Mun
23.278
0,03%
Mng
1.268.963
1,48%
35 H Nh
21.725
0,03%
Nng
968.800
1,13%
36 Chu Ru
19.314
0,02%
Hmng
1.068.189
1,24%
37 Lo
14.928
0,02%
Dao
751.067
0,87%
38 La Ch
13.158
0,02%
10 Gia rai
411.275
0,48%
39 La Ha
8.177
0,01%
11 Ngi
1.035
0%
40 Ph L
10.944
0,01%
12
331.194
0,39%
41 La H
9.651
0,01%
13 Ba Na
227.716
0,27%
42 L L
4.541
0,01%
14 C Ho
166.112
0,19%
43 L
5.601
0,01%
15 Sn Chay
169.410
0,2%
44 Cht
6.022
0,01%
16 X ng
169.501
0,2%
45 Mng
3.700
0%
17 Chm
161.729
0,19%
46 P Thn
6.811
0,01%
18 Sn Du
146.821
0,17%
47 C Lao
2.636
0%
19 Hr
127.420
0,15%
48 Cng
2.029
0%
20 Mnng
102.741
0,12%
49 B Y
2.273
0%
21 Ra Glai
122.245
0,14%
50 Si La
709
0%
22 Xting
85.436
0,1%
51 Pu Po
687
0%
Bru-Vn
23
Kiu
74.506
0,09%
52 Bru
397
0%
24 Th
74.458
0,09%
53 u
376
0%
25 Giy
58.617
0,07%
54 R mm
436
0%
26 C Tu
61.588
0,07%
27 Gi-Tring
50.962
0,06%
S
tt
Dn tc
Dn s
Vit
Nam
85.846.997 100 %
Vit
73.594.427
Ty
S
tt
--
Dn tc
Ngi Nc
2.134
Ngoi
0%
Trn Thu Dung, 2012. Nhng cun t in ting dn tc thiu s v gi. Tin Phong Online, s
29/12/2012
6
Vn kin ca ng Cng sn Vit Nam v chnh sch dn tc, Nxb. S tht, H Ni, 1978.
Nm 1980, ngay sau khi c quyt nh 153-CP, tnh Gia Lai - Kontum t chc
ci tin b ch vit dng chung cho cc dn tc Bahnar, Sedang, Jarai, ng thi t chc
Ban bin son sch gio khoa dng cho cc dn tc nu trn. Ngoi cc a phng, cc
vin nghin cu, trng i hc ti Vit Nam m tiu biu l Vin Ngn ng hc,
Trng i hc Tng hp H Ni, Trng i hc Tng hp Thnh ph H Ch
Minh, c nhiu hot ng tch cc nhm iu tra tng th, kho st cc bnh din
ca ngn ng dn tc thiu s nh ng m, t vng - ng ngha, ng php, t in, lch
s, c im loi hnh, ngn ng hc x hi,
Vin Ngn ng hc hp tc vi Vin ng phng hc v Vin Ngn ng hc
thuc Vin Hn lm Khoa hc Lin X trc y v Vin Hn lm Khoa hc Nga hin
nay tin hnh nhiu cuc iu tra in d hn 30 ngn ng dn tc thiu s Vit Nam.
Vin cng xut vi Chnh ph nhng vn lin quan n chnh sch ngn ng,
gp phn xc nh thnh phn dn tc Vit Nam. Vi s t vn ca Vin, nm 1979,
Vit Nam cng b tc danh ca 54 dn tc chung sng trn lnh th Vit Nam. Vin
cng cng vi cc tnh, thnh ph xy dng, ci tin ch vit cho cc ngn ng dn
tc thiu s nh: hon thin ch vit Pakoh - Ta ih, Bru - Vn Kiu, Raglai, Ka Tu,
Chm, Hroi, Hr; xy dng ch Thi ci tin, Latin ho ch Thi, xy dng phng n
ch Mng, xut ci tin ch Hmng,.... Song song vi vic xy dng ch vit, Vin
cng bin son cc t in song ng, sch hc ting dn tc, nh: T in Vit - Mo,
T in Ty - Nng - Vit, Vit - Ty - Nng, T in Jarai - Vit, T in Thi - Vit,
T in Mng - Vit, Sch hc ting Pakoh, Ta ih, Sch hc ting Bru - Vn Kiu,
Sch hc ting , Sch hc ting Raglai, Sch hc ting Ka Tu, Sch hc ting
Bahnar, Sch hc ting Chm Hroi, Hr...
pha Nam, c th l ti Trng i hc Tng hp Thnh ph H Ch Minh,
hot ng nghin cu ngn ng cc dn tc thiu s Nam Trng Sn Ty Nguyn
c bt u t thp nin 80 ca th k XX. Khoa Ng vn Trng i hc Tng hp
Thnh ph H Ch Minh (nay l Khoa Vn hc v Ngn ng, Trng i hc Khoa hc
x hi v Nhn vn i hc Quc gia Thnh ph H Ch Minh) lin tc t chc cc
cuc in d ngn ng hc tri di t Ty Nguyn (c Lc, Lm ng, c Nng,
Kontum,), n ng Nam B (Bnh Phc, Bnh Dng, ng Nai), Nam Trung B
(Ninh Thun, Bnh Thun), Ty Nam B (Sc Trng, An Giang, Kin Giang,). Kh
nhiu cng trnh, nht l t in i chiu ting dn tc thiu s - ting Vit v cc cng
trnh, tuyn tp vn hc dn gian cc dn tc anh em nh Mnng, Raglai, Churu,
Khmer, c xut bn. Nhiu kho lun tt nghip i hc v ngn ng dn tc
thiu s (Mnng, Sting, Kho, M, Chm, Raglai, Chrau, Churu, Bru, Khmer,)
c bo v thnh cng. T ci ni v nh hng y, nhiu th h ging vin, sinh vin
ca Khoa Ng vn chn ti lun vn thc s, lun n tin s v cc vn ca ngn
ng dn tc thiu s khu vc pha Nam nh lun n ca Trn Th M (ting Mnng), L
Khc Cng (ting Sting), Nguyn Vn Hu, Ph Vn Hn (ting Chm), L Tng Hiu
(ting Bru-Vn Kiu, Nguyn Quang Vinh (ting Chrau),
3. Thnh tu v phng hng
3.1 Cho n nay, B Gio dc v o to Vit Nam xy dng c mt s
chng trnh gio dc song ng a vo ging dy trong cc trng tiu hc v trng
ph thng dn tc ni tr l: 1) Chng trnh ting Khmer (ti cc tnh Sc Trng, Tr
Vinh, Kin Giang, Vnh Long, C Mau...) ; 2) Chng trnh ting Chm c truyn Akhar
Thrah (ti hai tnh Ninh Thun, Bnh Thun); 3) Chng trnh ting Chm Ja Wi (ti hai
tnh An Giang, Ty Ninh); 4) Chng trnh ting Hoa (ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh, cc
tnh Bnh Thun, Lm ng, Bc Liu...); 5) Chng trnh ting (ti tnh c Lc);
6) Chng trnh ting Jarai (ti tnh Gia Lai); 7) Chng trnh ting Bahnar (ti cc tnh
Kon Tum, Gia Lai); 8) Chng trnh ting Kho (ti tnh Lm ng) ; 9) Chng trnh
ting Hmng (ti cc tnh Yn Bi, Lo Cai, in Bin, Lai Chu).
Vic dy v hc ting dn tc trong cc trng ph thng dn tc ni tr d cn
nhiu kh khn song bc u o to c mt s lng kh ln hc sinh dn tc
thiu s bit s dng thnh tho c ting Vit ln ting m . Cc hc sinh ny sau khi
tt nghip l nhng ht nhn tch cc trong cc hot ng thng tin, gio dc,. H cng
ng gp tch cc vo vic su tm, tuyn chn cc tc phm vn hc dn gian ca dn
tc mnh, b sung vo kho tng vn hc dn gian ca i gia nh cc dn tc Vit Nam.
Nhiu tc phm vn hc dn gian c xut bn vi s hp tc ca cc tr thc, ngh
nhn dn tc thiu s, c in bng ting Vit v ting dn tc hoc song ng. Nhiu t
bo c in, nhiu i pht thanh, i truyn hnh pht sng bng ting dn tc to
iu kin thun li ph bin v pht trin cc ngn ng ny. Cc i pht thanh, i
truyn hnh quc gia ngy cng c thm nhiu cc chng trnh bng ting dn tc thiu
s. Hin nay, i Ting ni Vit Nam pht thanh cc ting dn tc Hoa, Khmer,
Chm, Mng, Bahnar, Thi,...T nm 2006, i Ting ni Vit Nam trin khai d n m
rng mng ph sng pht thanh cc chng trnh vn ha - x hi v cc chng trnh
bng ting dn tc khu vc trung du min ni Bc B. Ban Truyn hnh dn tc (chng
trnh VTV5) cng pht nhiu th ting l Hoa, Khmer, Chm, Hmng, Thi, ,
Sedang,... cha k hng chc chng trnh pht thanh, truyn hnh bng ting dn tc trn
cc i pht thanh, truyn hnh ca cc a phng.
C th thy, cng vi ch vit ph thng (ch Quc ng), ch vit cc dn tc
anh em ang chng t vai tr ca mnh trong cc lnh vc hot ng ti cc vng ng
bo dn tc thiu s, nht l trong vic gn gi v pht trin vn ho dn tc, xy dng
cuc sng mi, ph bin kin thc trng trt, chn nui, v sinh, bo v rng,...
3.2 Vit Nam c nhiu c gng xy dng ch vit, xy dng chng trnh
gio dc song ng cho nhiu cng ng dn tc t ngi ti Vit Nam, nhng hiu qu
t c l cha cao. Nguyn nhn quan trng l vic xy dng ch vit thiu k hoch
chung, mi ni lm mt cch khin hin nay c hng chc phng n ch vit khc nhau
c ph duyt. Mt nguyn nhn khc l quan im khng ng v vic dy ch, dy
ting cho cc dn tc t ngi. Mt s ngi cho rng vic dy ting, hc ting dn tc
ch nhm mc ch cui cng l gip cho b con hc ting Vit - ting ph thng - tt
hn.
Khng th ph nhn mt thc t l trong chin tranh, nhiu cn b, tr thc ngi
dn tc v ngi Vit dng ting Vit phin m ting dn tc hc ting v sau ,
dy ch Quc ng cho b con. Nhiu cn b, thanh nin dn tc t ngi nh m c
xo m ch. Mt thc t khc l
khng khc nhau lm, v ting Vit l ngn ng ph thng, ngn ng nh nc, nn hu
ht cc b ch ca nhiu ngn ng dn tc thiu s khi xy dng c gng to s
gn gi vi ting Vit trong cch ghi m. Nhng nhng thc t khng c ngha l vic
xy dng ch vit, xy dng chng trnh gio dc song ng cho ng bo thiu s ch
nhm mc ch gip ci thin ting Vit ca b con. Tht ra, cu cnh ca vic y mnh
vic hc ch, hc ting bn ng ca b con dn tc thiu s l nhm gip b con hiu bit
hn, qua bo tn v pht huy tt hn nn vn ho ca dn tc mnh tt hn. Thi gian
5. Cu Long Giang. 1974. Hi truyn gio Kontum. Trong Cao nguyn min Thng.
Nxb Si Gn.
6. Nguyn Vn Li. 1999. Cc ngn ng nguy cp v vic bo tn s a dng vn ho,
ngn ng tc ngi Vit Nam. Tp ch Ngn ng, s 4.
7. Trng Vn Sinh. 1993. Gio dc song ng v vic dy - hc ting Vit cho cc hc
sinh dn tc thiu s pha Nam. Trong: Gio dc ngn ng v s pht trin vn ha cc
dn tc thiu s pha Nam. Nxb. Khoa hc x hi.
8. Summer Institute of Linguistics. 2009. Ethnologue, Languages of the World, 16th
Edition, Dallas, Texas.
9. Vin Ngn ng hc. 1997. Cnh hung v chnh sch ngn ng cc quc gia a dn
tc. Nxb. Khoa hc x hi.
10. Vin Ngn ng hc. 1984. Ngn ng cc dn tc thiu s Vit Nam v chnh sch
ngn ng. Nxb. Khoa hc x hi.