Trng i Hc Cng Nghip TPHCM

BI TP PHNG PHP TNH

Bi tp chng 1
Bi tp 1. Tm mt on li nghim ca cc phng trnh sau:
1) x5 + x 30 = 0
2) e2x x2 20 = 0
3) x2 ln(x + 1) 30 = 0
4) x(x + 1)4 + x(x 2) 50 = 0
5) x2 sin 3x 40 = 0
3
4
5
6
6) x+1
+ (x+1)
2 + (x+1)3 + (x+1)4 = 10

7) x2 + x + 5 50 = 0
8) ln(x2 + 1) + x 30 = 0
9) x3 + arctan x 40 = 0
10) x1 + cos x 10 = 0
Bi tp 2. Gii gn ng cc phng trnh trong Bi tp 1 bng phng
php lp (lp 4 bc, nh gi sai s bc 4, ly 7 ch s c ngha), bit
bc lp ban u c chn l trung im on li nghim.
Bi tp 3. (*) Cho phng trnh x3 sin x 30 = 0 (*) c LN [3; 4].
a) Tm t nht hai hm (x) sao cho phng trnh (*) tng ng
vi phng trnh x = (x), ng thi max | (x)| < 1.
x[3;4]

b) Vi cc hm (x) tm c trong cu a), hy gii gn ng phng

trnh (*) bng phng php lp sao cho sai s khng qu 105 , bit bc
lp ban u x0 = 3, 5. Vi kt qu tm c, hy nhn xt hm (x) no
cho nghim gn ng tt hn.

Bi tp 4. (*) Vic tnh gn ng A vi A l s nguyn dng khng

chnh phng c th thc hin bng phng php lp. Chng hn, ta
cho A = 2.
t x = 2, suy ra x2 2 = 0 (*). D dng thy rng phng trnh
(*) c LN l [1; 2], bin i phng trnh (*) v dng x = x2 + x1 = (x).
1) Chng minh rng max | (x)| < 1.
x[1;2]

2) Phi lp t nht bao nhiu bc th ta c nghim gn ng c

sai s b hn 107 nu ta ly x0 = 1, 5.
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Trng i Hc Cng Nghip TPHCM

3) Vi] A[ Z]>2 , chng
minh rng phng trnh x2 = A (**) c LN
[[
]

l
A ; A +1 .
4) Bin i phng trnh (**) v dng x =
|A (x)| < 1.
minh rng
max

x[[ A];[ A]+1]

x
2

A
2x

= A (x). Chng

Bi tp 5. Cho phng trnh f (x) = 0 c LN [a; b], chng minh rng

f (x) v f (x) khng i du trong [a; b] bit:
2
1) f (x) = ex 5x 30 v [a; b] [1; 2].
2) f (x) = x2 sin x 50 v [a; b] [7; 8].
3) f (x) = x + ln(x + 2) 10 v [a; b] [7; 8].
2
3
4
4) f (x) = x+1
+ (x+1)
2 + (x+1)3 7 v [a; b] [0; 1].
5) f (x) = x3 + arctan x 30 v [a; b] [3; 4].
6) f (x) = x(x + 1)5 + x(x + 2) 50 v [a; b] [1; 2].
7) f (x) = 3x sin 2x 30 v [a; b] [3; 4].
8) f (x) = 2x + 3x 10x 30 v [a; b] [3; 4].
9) f (x) = x1 + x2 40 v [a; b] [6; 7].

10) f (x) = x2 + x + 1 40 v [a; b] [6; 7].

Bi tp 6. Gii gn ng cc phng trnh trong Bi tp 5 bng phng
php Newton (lp 3 bc, nh gi sai s bc 3, ly 7 ch s c ngha).

Bi tp chng 2
Bi tp 7. Tm chun ca cc vector sau:
1) X = (4; 5; 9)T .
T
2) Y = (
(2; sin + cos ; tan + cot )
vi (0; 2 ).
)

3) Z = 2a; a2 + 1; 2a; 2 (a4 + 2) vi a R.

4) U = (ea + ea ; 2 + a2 ) vi a R>0 .
Bi tp 8.Tm chun ca cc
ma trn sau:
0, 1 0, 3 0, 2

0, 4 0 0, 2 .
1) A =
0, 5 0, 3 0, 5

sin cos 1
2) B = 2 1
2
0 vi (0; 2 )
1
0
1

0, 1
1
2
1
2 0, 05
1
0, 8

3) C =
0, 8 0, 7 2, 1 0, 2 .
2, 4 0, 2
1
0, 2
2

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip TPHCM

(
4) D =

ea ea
2 a

)
vi a R1 .

0, 1 0, 4
x
Bi tp 9. Tm x R A < 1 bit A = x 0, 5x 0, 2 .
0, 2 0, 1 0, 3
Bi tp 10. Cho h phng
ng l X v

trnh Ax = b c nghim

e


e
e
nghim xp x X. Hy tnh X X v AX b .
{ 1
1
x + 31 x2 = 63
2 1
e = (0, 142; 0, 166)T .
1)
v X = ( 17 ; 16 )T ; X
1
1
1
x
+
x
=
3 1 4 2 168
x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 1
e = (0, 01; 6, 98; 5, 02)T .
2x1 + 3x2 + 4x3 = 1 v X = (0; 7; 5)T ; X
2)

3x1 + 4x2 + 6x3 = 2

x1 + 0, 1x2 + 0, 3x3 = 1, 4
e = (1, 01; 0, 98; 0, 95)T .
0, 1x1 + x2 + 0, 6x3 = 1, 7 v X = (1; 1; 1)T ; X
3)

0, 2x1 + 0, 3x2 + x3 = 1, 5
Bi tp 11. Gii cc h phng trnh sau y bng phng php lp
n (lp
3 bc, nh gi sai s bc 3, ly 7 ch s c ngha):
10x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 18
2x1 + 25x2 + 5x3 = 37 .
1)

x1 + 4x2 + 20x3 = 45
3x1 + 20x2 x3 = 23
8x1 + 3x2 + 40x3 = 11 .
2)

25x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 27
10x1 + 2x2 + x3 x4 = 13

x1 + 20x2 + 2x3 + x4 = 23
3)
.
2x1 + x2 + 25x3 + 2x4 = 28

2x1 + x2 + 3x3 + 40x4 = 6

x1 + x2 + 2x3 + 25x4 = 27

10x1 + 50x2 + x3 x4 = 59
4)
.
x1 + 3x2 + 40x3 + x4 = 5

40x1 + x2 + 3x3 x4 = 40
Bi tp 12. Cho h phng trnh

x 0, 1y + 0, 3z = 0, 9
0, 2x + y + 0, 3z = 1, 2

0, 1x + 0, 2y + z = 0, 3

(1)

Nu s dng phng php lp n gii gn ng h phng trnh

(1) th ta phi lp t nht bao nhiu bc c s khng qu 105 .
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Trng i Hc Cng Nghip TPHCM

Bi tp 13. Gii cc h phng trnh Bi tp 11 bng phng php

Seidel (lp 3 bc, nh gi sai s bc 3, ly 7 ch s c ngha).
Bi tp 14. Cho h phng trnh

x1 0, 01x2 0, 02x3 + 0, 05x4 = 1

0, 03x1 + x2 0, 01x3 + 0, 1x4 = 1

0, 04x1 + 0, 05x2 + x3 + 0, 04x4 = 2

0, 01x1 + 0, 02x2 0, 07x3 + x4 = 2

(2)

Nu s dng phng php lp n gii gn ng h phng trnh

(2) th ta phi lp t nht bao nhiu bc c s khng qu 105 .

Bi tp chng 3
Bi tp 15. Xy dng a thc ni suy dng Lagrange ca hm s y =
f (x) cho bi bng s liu:
x
0
2
3
a)
y
2
4
10
x
1, 1
1, 2
1, 3
b)
y
0
4
8
x
1
2
3
5
c)
y
1
3
6
8
x
1, 0
1, 2
1, 4
1, 6
d)
y
2
3
4
5
Bi tp 16. Xy dng a thc ni suy dng Newton ca hm s y = f (x)
cho bi bng s liu trong Bi tp 15.

Bi tp 17. Cho hm s f (x) = x + 2 c gi tr ti cc mc x0 = 0; x1 =

1; x2 = 2; x3 = 4 c cho bi bng sau:
x
y

0
1
1, 4142 1, 7321

2
2

4
2, 2361

1) Xy dng a thc ni suy dng Newton ca hm s f (x) cho bi

bng s liu trn.
2) Tnh gn ng f (3) (ly 5 ch s c ngha) v nh gi sai s kt
qu tm c.
Bi tp 18. Cho hm s f (x) = cos x c gi tr ti cc mc x0 =
0, 698; x1 = 0, 733; x2 = 0, 768; x3 = 0, 803 c cho bi bng sau:
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Trng i Hc Cng Nghip TPHCM

x
y

0, 698 0, 733 0, 768 0, 803

0, 7661 0, 7432 0, 7193 0, 6946

1) Xy dng a thc ni suy dng Newton ca hm s f (x) cho bi

bng s liu trn.
2) Tnh gn ng f (0, 750) (ly 5 ch s c ngha) v nh gi sai s
kt qu tm c.
Bi tp 19. Hm li (error function) c cho bi cng thc
2
erf (x) =

et dt.
2

Gi tr ca hm erf(x) ti cc mc xi = 0, 2; i = 0, 5 c cho bi bng

x
y

0, 0
0

0, 2
0, 4
0, 6
0, 8
1, 0
0, 1256 0, 2417 0, 3407 0, 4187 0, 4754

1) Xy dng a thc ni suy dng Newton ca hm s f (x) cho bi

bng s liu trn.
2) Tnh gn ng f (0, 750) (ly 5 ch s c ngha) v nh gi sai s
kt qu tm c.
Bi tp 20. Dng phng php bnh phng b nht xc nh a, b
ng thng y = ax + b l xp x tt nht bng s liu trong Bi tp 15.
Bi tp 21. Dng phng php bnh phng b nht xc nh a, b
hm s y = ax + b sin x l xp x tt nht bng s liu trong Bi tp 15
(ch cn chn 2 bng).
Bi tp 22. Dng phng php bnh phng b nht xc nh a, b
hm s y = aebx l xp x tt nht bng s liu trong Bi tp 15 (ch cn
chn 2 bng).
Bi tp 23. Dng phng php bnh phng b nht xc nh a, b
hm s y = axb l xp x tt nht bng s liu trong Bi tp 15 (ch cn
chn 2 bng).
Bi tp 24. Dng phng
php bnh phng b nht xc nh a, b
hm s y = a(x2 + 1) + b x + 1 l xp x tt nht bng s liu trong Bi
tp 15 (ch cn chn 2 bng).
Bi tp 25.
Dng phng php bnh phng b nht xc nh a, b
hm s y = a x2 + 1 + b(x + 1) + 1 l xp x tt nht bng s liu trong
Bi tp 15 (ch cn chn 2 bng).
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Trng i Hc Cng Nghip TPHCM

Bi tp 26. Dng phng php bnh phng b nht xc nh a, b

hm s y = ax2 + bx + c l xp x tt nht bng s liu trong Bi tp 15
(ch cn chn 2 bng).
Bi tp 27. Dng phng php bnh phng b nht xc nh a, b
hm s y = a(x2 + 1) + b(x + 1) + c l xp x tt nht bng s liu trong
Bi tp 15 (ch cn chn 2 bng).
Bi tp 28. tui trung bnh ln u kt hn ca ph n Nht Bn
t nm 1950 ti nm 2000 c cho bi bng s liu sau:
t
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975

f (t)
23, 0
23, 2
23, 7
24, 1
24, 5
24, 9

t
1980
1985
1990
1995
2005

f (t)
25, 2
25, 5
26, 1
26, 3
27, 1

S dng phng php bnh phng b nht, xc nh a, b ng

thng y = ax + b l xp x tt nht bng gi tr trn. Vi kt qu tm
c, hy d on tui kt hn ln u ca ph n Nht vo nm
2005.
Bi tp 29. Bng s liu sau y cho ta bit s dn nc M (triu
ngi) trong khong thi gian t nm 1900 ti nm 2000:
t
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950

f (t)
76
89
110
131
150
190

t
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000

f (t)
205
215
230
255
275

S dng phng php bnh phng b nht, xc nh a, b ng

thng y = ax + b l xp x tt nht bng gi tr trn. Vi kt qu tm
c, hy d on dn s nc M vo nm 2010.

Bi tp chng 4
Bi tp 30. Tnh gn ng cc tch phn sau bng cng thc hnh
thang suy rng (khng nh gi sai s):
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Trng i Hc Cng Nghip TPHCM

2 ln (x2 + 5) + x3
dx vi n = 8
x ln (2x + 1)
1
1,4
x4 x + 1
2)
dx vi n = 10.
x2 + 4 + 5
0,4
)
(
2
1
dx vi n = 8.
3)
x ln (x + 2) + 3
x +1
0,4
(
)
2,3

x
4)
dx vi n = 10.
x2 + 2 +
ln (x + 1)
1,3
2,2
2
5) e x +1 dx vi n = 8.

1)

6)

1,4
2

xx dx vi n = 10.

3 3x2 + 1
7)
dx vi n = 10.
4
2 x +3
Bi tp 31. Tnh gn ng cc tch phn sau bng cng thc hnh
thang suy rng (c nh gi sai s):
1 4
1) x dx vi n = 10.
0

3 x3
2)
dx vi n = 8.
2 x+1
1
2
3) ex dx vi n = 10.
0

3 e2x
4)
dx vi n = 10.
x
1 e +1
4
5) 2 x dx vi n = 10.
1

2 sin 2x
6)
dx vi n = 10.
x
1
3 3x + 1
dx vi n = 10.
7)
2 x+3
Bi tp 32. Tnh gn ng cc tch phn trong Bi tp 30 bng cng
thc Simpson 1/3 (khng nh gi sai s).
Bi tp 33. Tnh gn ng cc tch phn trong Bi tp 31 bng cng
thc Simpson 1/3 (c nh gi sai s).

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip TPHCM

Bi tp 34. Error function (hm li) E (x) =

et dt c nhiu ng
2

dng trong xc sut, thng k v k thut. Bng cch s dng cng

thc Simpson 1/3 vi s on chia n = 10, cc bn hy tnh gn ng
E (2) (khng nh gi sai s).
( 2)
x
Bi tp 35. Hm Fresnel S (x) = sin t2 dt xut hin ln u trong
0

l thuyt v nhiu x nh sng ca nh ton hc ngi Php Augustin

Fresnel (1788-1827). Gn y, hm Fresnel xut hin trong cc cng
trnh thit k ng quc l. Bng cch s dng cng thc Simpson 1/3
vi s on chia n = 10, cc bn hy tnh gn ng S (1) (khng nh
gi sai s).
2 4x2 + 1
dx.
1 2x + 1
1) Tnh tch phn I bng cng thc hnh thang vi n = 10 v nh
gi sai s kt qu trn.
2) Phi chia [1; 2] thnh bao nhiu on bng nhau khi p dng
cng thc hnh thang trn s on th sai s khng qu 1010 .
Bi tp 36. Xt tch phn I =

3 x3 + x
Bi tp 37. Xt tch phn I =
dx.
2 x+1
1) Tnh tch phn I bng cng thc Simson 1/3 vi n = 10 v nh
gi sai s kt qu trn.
2) Phi chia [2; 3] thnh bao nhiu on bng nhau khi p dng
cng thc Simson 1/3 trn s on th sai s khng qu 1010 .

Bi tp chng 5
Bi tp 38. Gii cc phng trnh vi phn sau bng phng php Euler
ci tin:
{
y =x+y
1)
vi x [0; 0, 5]; h = 0, 25; = 104 .
y
(0)
=
1
{
y = x2 + y 2
vi x [0; 0, 4]; h = 0, 2; = 104 .
2)
y (0) = 1
{ xy1
y = y2 +1
3)
vi x [0; 0, 2]; h = 0, 1; = 104 .
{ y (0) = 1
y = xy cos(x + y)
4)
vi x [0, 2; 0, 4]; h = 0, 1; = 104 .
y (0, 2) = 1
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Trng i Hc Cng Nghip TPHCM

{
5)

y = x + y + 1
vi x [0, 3; 0, 5]; h = 0, 1; = 104 .
y (0, 3) = 1

Bi tp 39. Gii cc phng trnh vi phn sau bng phng php

Runge-Kutta
bc 4:
{
y =x+y
1)
vi x [0; 0, 5]; h = 0, 25.
{ y (0) =2 1 2
y =x +y
vi x [0; 0, 4]; h = 0, 2.
2)
y (0) = 1
{ xy1
y = y2 +1
3)
vi x [0; 0, 2]; h = 0, 1.
y
(0)
=
1
{
y = xy cos(x + y)
4)
vi x [0, 2; 0, 4]; h = 0, 1.
=1
{ y (0, 2)

y = x+y+1
5)
vi x [0, 3; 0, 5]; h = 0, 1.
y (0, 3) = 1
{
y = 2x + y
Bi tp 40. Cho phng trnh vi phn
vi x [0; 0, 3].
y (0) = 1
Tnh y(0, 15) bng cng thc Euler ci tin vi h = 0, 15, ci tin 3 bc.
{
y = 2x + cos y
vi x [0, 2; 0, 4].
Bi tp 41. Cho phng trnh vi phn
y (0, 2) = 1
Tnh y(0, 3) bng cng thc Euler ci tin vi h = 0, 1, sai s = 104 .
{
y = xy + x + y 2
Bi tp 42. Cho phng trnh vi phn
vi x
y (0) = 1
[0; 0, 3]. Tnh y(0, 15) bng cng thc Runge-Kutta vi h = 0, 15.
{
y = x2 y + y 2 x + 2
vi x
Bi tp 43. Cho phng trnh vi phn
y (0, 2) = 1
[0, 2; 0, 4]. Tnh y(0, 3) bng cng thc Runge-Kutta vi h = 0, 1.