NGHIN CU QU TRNH SN XUT TINH DU T V QU CHANH

KHNG HT (CITRUS LATIFOLIA)

Hunh Th Kim Nguyt, Nguyn Th Hng Xuyn,
Nguyn Th Kiu Xinh, Th.S L Phm Tn Quc*
TM TT
Nguyn liu s dng trong nghin cu l ging chanh khng ht (C. Latifolia). Tin hnh
nghin cu chit xut tinh du bng phng php chng ct li cun hi nc vi quy m phng
th nghim. Kho st cc yu t nh hng n vic sn xut v kho st cc tnh cht ha l, ha
hc ca tinh du [8]. Kt qu thu c t thc nghim nh sau: khng s dng nc mui ngm
trch tinh du, thi gian chng ct 20 pht, t l nc/v chanh l 6/1, dng GC-MS xc nh cc
thnh phn trong tinh du v chanh.
T kha : Tinh du chanh, C.Latifolia, chng ct tinh du, GC-MS
EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM CITRUS LATIFOLIA
BY DISTILLATION METHOD
SUMMARY
Raw materials was used in research is C.Latifolia. Essential oil was extracted by steam
distillation method in the lab scale. Conducting research surveys of factors affected the production
and inspection of chemical-physical, chemistry of essential oils [8]. Results from the experiment as
follows: do not use salt in soaking, distilling time in 20 minutes, the ratio of water/lemon peel is 6/1,
and determining chemical composition by GC-MS method. Main component of lemons essential
oil was limonene (56.6%).
Key words : Essential oil of lemon, C.Latifolia, distilling essential oil, GC-MS
I. T VN
Ti Vit Nam, chanh l loi nng sn rt
di do. Tuy nhin cha c khai thc, tn
dng trit , hu nh ch mi s dng mi,
cha ch bin v tn dng tinh du t v. Trong
khi , tinh du hin nay c coi nh nguyn
liu ca nhiu ngnh cng nghip trn th gii.
i vi nc ta, tinh du li l ngun hng xut
khu c gi tr [4] .
V th, vic tn dng ngun ph liu ny
s l mt vic lm rt cn thit v hu ch v n
c th gip hn ch c lng rc thi vo mi
trng v va c th sn xut ra tinh du, gip
nng cao gi tr kinh t cho mt hng nng sn

thng dng nh chanh. Vi mc tiu , nhm

tin hnh thc hin ti: Nghin cu sn
xut tinh du t v qu chanh khng ht
(C.Latifolia), nhm thit lp quy trnh ti u
cho qu trnh sn xut tinh du chanh.
II. NGUYN LIU V PHNG
PHP NGHIN CU
1. Nguyn liu, thit b
a. Nguyn liu: Chanh khng ht, qu to
trn, khng su mt, ng knh t 4,55 cm,
trng lng tri trung bnh 70 100 gram/qu,
t l khi lng v/tri l 1/7, v mu xanh m
c ngun gc t p Bnh Thnh, x Bnh Ph tnh Bn Tre.

ThS. GV. Vin CNSH&TP - Trng H Cng nghip Tp.HCM

70

Tp ch i hc Cng nghip

b. Thit b th nghim: My nghin mu Phillip (Nht), Thit b chng ct Clevenger (c).

2. Phng php nghin cu
Quy trnh sn xut

Cc yu t ban u c c nh ph hp vi
iu kin th nghim. Mi th nghim dng
trong nghin cu s dng 50 g v chanh, chng
ct trong 24 pht, t l nc chng/v chanh l
5:1, tin hnh 3 ln ly kt qu trung bnh.

thi gian ngm tng ng l (0, 30, 60, 90, 120)

pht, thi gian chng ct 24 pht.
Bng 1: Kt qu kho st t l mui ngm theo
thi gian ngm

Nng Thi gian ngm Th tch trung

Phng php tch chit tinh du bng
mui (%)
mui (pht)
bnh ti a (ml)
chng ct li cun bng hi nc v tin hnh
0
0
1 0e
kho st cc yu t sau:
0
0,7 0Aa
Nng mui ngm: t 0-15%, bc
30
0,730 0,057Aab
nhy 5%.
5
60
0,770 0,057Aabc
90
0,803 0,057Acd
Thi gian ngm mui: t 30-120 pht,
120
0,870 0,057Acd
bc nhy 30 pht.
0
0,7 0Ba
T l nc/v chanh: 4/1-7/1, bc nhy
30
0,730 0,057Bab
1 n v i vi nc.
10
60
0,770 0,057Babc
Phng php x l s liu: dng biu
90
0,8 0Bbcd
sai s chun nh gi tin cy gia cc ln
120
0,870 0,057Bcd
o bng gii hn tng ng; s dng phn tch
0
0,630 0,057Ca
phng sai mt yu t v th Means Plot,
30
0,730 0,057Cb
da vo ngng so snh LSD phn tch th
15
60
0,770 0,057Cbc
[9]
tch tinh du thu c vi tin cy 95% .
90
0,8 0Cbcd
120
0,870 0,057Cd
Phng php phn tch cc thnh phn
trong tinh du: phng php sc k kh ghp
Ch ci in hoa khc nhau l c trng
khi ph (GC-MS) trn my HP5890/ 5972 MS,
cho nhm cc nng mui khc nhau
ct mao qun: Rt5Ms (29m250m 0,25m),
Cc gi tr trung bnh theo ct c cng
nhit injector: 250oC, tc dng: 1 ml/pht.
o
mu
ch
ci in thng s khng c s khc bit
Chng trnh nhit: nhit u vo 40 C, tng
3oC/pht, n 200oC, tng 10oC/pht, n 300oC v thng k mc ngha 5%.
lu 5 pht.
Khi chng ct, tinh du to vi nc
thnh
h nh tng, vic cho mui vo hn hp
III. KT QU V THO LUN
chng ct trnh tht thot tinh du di dng
1. Kho st t l mui ngm v cc mc nh, lm gim tan ca mt s thnh phn
thi gian ngm khc nhau
khng phn cc c trong tinh du vo nc.
Tin hnh kho st hm lng tinh du Mui cng l cht in ly lm tng t trng,
thu c theo nng mui 5%, 10%, 15% vi phn cc ca nc gip tinh du d phn lp.
Tuy nhin lng tinh du thu c c th gim
71

Nghin cu qu trnh sn xut tinh du

theo s tng nng ca mui do khi nng

cao th cc lp biu b ngoi cha tinh du co
li, ngn cn s thot tinh du ra ngoi. Da vo
bng 1, c th thy c mc d nng mui
tng ln n 15% nhng th tch tinh du vn
khng cao hn so vi trng hp khng c
mui. Do vy thu ly tinh du t chanh
khng ht th theo kt qu trn khng nn s
dng mui.
2. Kho st t l nc/v chanh v thi
gian chng

qu nhiu mt s thnh phn tinh du c tnh

phn cc s tan vo nc. Nu lng nc qu
t th khng ha tan cc cht keo, mui bao
bc xung quanh ti tinh du.
Thi gian chng ct cng lu lng tinh
du thu c cng nhiu. Tuy nhin, n mt
thi im no th lng tinh du thu c
khng tng ln theo thi gian. Mt khc, ko di
thi gian chng ct cn nh hng n cht
lng tinh du do nguyn liu b chy kht lm
mt mi thm t nhin ca tinh du.

T l b v chanh/nc chng nh hng

mnh n hiu sut thu tinh du. Lng nc

Hnh 1: S bin i th tch tinh du theo thi

gian

Hnh 2: Th tch tinh du thu c cao nht

theo t l nc/v

Bng 2: Kt qu nghin cu thi gian chng ct v t l nc/v ca cc mu

T l nc/v chanh

4/1

5/1

6/1

7/1

Thi gian chng (pht)

16

20

20

20

Th tch trung bnh (ml)

0.8300.057a

0.870.057ab

10c

0.90abd

Cc gi tr trung bnh theo ct c cng

mu ch ci in thng s khng c s khc bit
v thng k mc ngha 5%.
Qua qu trnh nghin cu, kt qu ti u
cho kho st chn t l nc/v chanh l 6:1 ng
vi thi gian chng 20 pht.

72

3. Xc nh mt s tnh cht ha l v
thnh phn ha hc ca tinh du
T trng tinh du v chanh: d 0.8836
(30 C)
o

Nhit kt tinh ca tinh du v chanh

<-24 C
o

Tp ch i hc Cng nghip

Bng 3: Kh nng ha tan trong cn ca

tinh du
cn
Cn:Tinh
du

99o
1:1

90o
8:1

80o
14:1

Bng 4: Kt qu phn tch GC-MS thnh

phn tinh du v chanh
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Thnh phn

56,61
Limonene
13,20
Gamma Terpinene
11,51
Beta Pinene
2,09
E Citral
1,83
Alpha Pinene
1,58
Beta - Bisabolene
1,57
Beta Myrcene
1,43
Neryl acetate
1,33
Z Citral
Trans alpha Bergamotene 1,06
0,96
Alpha Terpineol
0,78
Alpha Terpinolene
0,59
Trans Caryophyllene
0,56
4 - Terpineol
0,42
Alpha Terpinene

Thng s ca quy trnh th nghim:

Nghin nguyn liu 1 pht.
T l nc/v l 6:1
Thi gian chng ct: 20 pht
ha tan ca tinh du chanh trong dung
dch cn:
T l cn 99o : tinh du = 1:1
T l cn 90o : tinh du = 8:1

T kt qu phn tch, thnh phn chim t

l cao nht trong v chanh khng ht
(C.Latifolia) l:
Limonen (56.6%), Terpinene (13.2%), - Pinene (11.51%). C s
khc nhau v hm lng cc thnh phn chnh
trong tinh du chanh thu c so vi nghin cu
trc y ca GS V Ngc L, PGS Chung
V[3] (Limonen 82%, -Terpinene 3,8%, Pinene 4,5%). Nguyn nhn c th do s khc
nhau v ging loi, phn bn, thi im thu hi,
khu vc trng nguyn liu.
IV. KT LUN
T cc kt qu kho st nh trn c th
sn xut c tinh du chanh t ging chanh
khng ht C.latifolia quy m phng th
nghim vi quy trnh nh sau:

T trng tinh du v chanh: d

(30oC)

0.8836

Nhit kt tinh tinh du: < -24oC

Thnh phn chnh ca tinh du cam:
Limonene, Myrcene, Pinene, ...
Tinh du chanh thu c trong sut, khng
mu, hm lng tinh du xp x 2% (so vi
lng v) v c th ng dng c trong sn
xut thc t.

T l cn 80o : tinh du = 14:1

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Nghin cu qu trnh sn xut tinh du

TI LIU THAM KHO

1.

Nguyn Cnh, Quy hoch thc nghim, Trng i hc Bch khoa TPHCM, 2004.

2.

Vng Ngc Chnh, Hng liu v m phm, NXB i hc Quc gia TPHCM, 2005

3.

V Ngc L, Chung V, Nguyn Mnh Pha, L Thy Hnh, Nhng cy Tinh du Vit
Nam, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, 2002.

4.

Nguyn Vn Ninh, K thut khai thc v s ch tinh du, NXB Nng nghip.

5.

Trn Xun Ngch, Bi ging mn hc nguyn liu sn xut thc phm, Khoa Ha K
thut, Trng i hc Bch khoa Nng, 2007

6.

Vn nh Ngh, Sn xut Cht thm Thin nhin Tng hp, NXB Khoa hc v K thut,
trang 10 28.

7.

Nguyn Minh Hong, Kho st tinh du v tri ging citrus h Rutaceae, ti nghin
cu khoa hc cp trng, Trng i hc M TPHCM, 2006.

8.

L Ngc Thch, Tinh du, NXB i hc Quc gia TPHCM.

9.

Nguyn Vn Tun, Phn tch s liu v to biu bng R, NXB i hc Quc gia
TPHCM, 2008

10. F.M.C. Gamarra, L.S.Sakanaka, E.B.Tambourgi, F.A.Cabral, Influence on the quality of

essential lemon oil by distillation process, Brazillian Journal of Chemical Engineering,
Vol.23, No 01, pp.147 151, January March, 2006.
11. Mary Natrella, Carroll Croarkin and Will Guthrie, Engineering Statistics Handbook,
Statistical Engineering Division, NIST2003
12. http:/www.hanghoaviet.com/vietnamproducts/vi/news/Pho-bien-kien-thuc/Trong-chanhkhong-hat-1312/

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