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KHU VC DH & B BC B
CHNH THC
x3 y 3 3 y 2 = 9
2
2
x + y = x 4 y
Cu 2 (4 im): Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn xy + yz + zx = 3 .
y2
y3 + 8
z2
z3 + 8
1.
Cu 3 (4 im): Trn cc cnh BC, CA, AB v v pha ngoi tam gic ABC ta
dng cc hnh vung BCMN, ACPQ, ABEF. Gi G l trng tm tam gic ABC.
K hiu A1 l giao im ca AG v FQ; B1 l giao im ca BG v NE; C1 l giao
im ca CG v MP. Ta xc nh cc im A2, B2, C2 sao cho AGC2F, BGA2N,
CGB2P l cc hnh bnh hnh. Chng minh rng cc ng thng i qua A2, B2, C2
tng ng vung gc vi B1C1, C1A1, A1B1 ng quy.
Cu 4 (4 im): Gi s m, n l cc s t nhin tha mn: 4m3 + m = 12n 3 + n .
Cu
1
HNG DN CHM
Mn: Ton 10
Ni dung
3
x y 3 3 y 2 = 9 (1)
Gii h phng trnh: 2
2
x + y = x 4 y ( 2 )
im
4 im
1,0
x3 y 3 3 y 2 = 9
x3 y 3 3 y 2 3( x 2 + y 2 ) = 9 3( x 4 y )
2
2
3 ( x + y ) = 3 ( x 4 y )
x 3 3 x 2 + 3 x 1 = y 3 + 6 y 2 + 12 y + 8
0,5
( x 1)3 = ( y + 2)3 x 1 = y + 2 x = y + 3
0,5
0,5
0,5
9 33
y =
4
9 + 33
y =
4
Vi y =
9 33
9 33 3 33
x = 3+
=
4
4
4
0,5
Vi y =
9 + 33
9 + 33 3 + 33
x = 3+
=
4
4
4
0,5
( x; y ) =
2
3 + 33 9 + 33
;
4
4
( x; y ) =
x2
x +8
3
y2
y +8
3
z2
z +8
3
4 im
1.
2
x3 + 8 x x + 6
1,0
y2
Tng t, ta cng c
2 y2
;
2
y3 + 8 y y + 6
T suy ra:
x2
y2
+
+
x3 + 8
y3 + 8
z2
z2
2z2
.
2
z3 + 8 z z + 6
2x2
2 y2
2z2
. (1)
2
+ 2
+ 2
z3 + 8 x x + 6 y y + 6 z z + 6
x 2 x + 6 y 2 y + 6 z 2 z + 6 x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ( x + y + z ) + 18
Ta chng minh:
2( x + y + z ) 2
1 ( 3)
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ( x + y + z ) + 18
Tht vy:
Ta c:
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ( x + y + z ) + 18
0,5
0,5
1,0
0,5
= ( x + y + z ) ( x + y + z ) 2 ( xy + yz + zx ) + 18
2
= ( x + y + z ) ( x + y + z ) + 12 > 0
2
Nn ( 3) 2( x + y + z ) 2 x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ( x + y + z ) + 18
x2 + y2 + z 2 + x + y + z 6
Mt khc, do x, y, z l cc s dng nn ta c:
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 xy + yz + zx
0,5
x + y + z 3( xy + yz + zx)
M xy + yz + zx = 3 nn bt ng thc (3) ng.
T (1), (2) v (3), ta c pcm.
ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi x = y = z = 1 .
3
Trn cc cnh BC, CA, AB v v pha ngoi tam gic ABC ta dng cc 4 im
hnh vung BCMN, ACPQ, ABEF. Gi G l trng tm tam gic ABC.
K hiu A1 l giao im ca AG v FQ; B1 l giao im ca BG v NE;
C1 l giao im ca CG v MP. Ta xc nh cc im A2, B2, C2 sao cho
AGC2F, BGA2N, CGB2P l cc hnh bnh hnh. Chng minh rng cc
ng thng i qua A2, B2, C2 tng ng vung gc vi B1C1, C1A1, A1B1
ng quy.
Q
A1
F
B2
C2
E
G
B
C
C1
B1
A2
M
Gi I l trung im ca BC. Ta c:
JJJG JJG 1 JJJG JJJG JJJG JJJG 1 JJJG JJJG JJJG JJJG JJJG JJJG JJJG JJJG
0,5
FQ.AI= FA+AQ AB+AC = FA.AB+FA.AC+AQ.AB+AQ.AC
2
2
JJJ
G
JJJ
G
JJJG
JJJ
G
1
1
n
n =0
=
0-AF.AC+AQ.AB+0 = -AF.AC.cosFAC+AQ.AB.cosQAB
2
2
1,0
0 l
n n
Do AF = AC, AQ = AB, FAC=QAB=90
+A
)(
) (
) (
1,0
0,5
1,0
4 im
( m n ) ( 4m 2 + 4mn + 4n 2 + 1) = 8n 3 (1)
Gi s p l mt c nguyn t chung ca m n v 4m 2 + 4mn + 4n 2 + 1
Do 4m 2 + 4mn + 4n 2 + 1 l s l nn p l s l.
1,0
0,5
0,5
Mt khc p l c ca 4m 2 + 4mn + 4n 2 + 1 p = 1 (v l)
0,5
1,0
0,5
144
= 48 im.
3
a
i =1
0,5
= 48
a i (a i 1)
2
a ( a 1)
s cp im c honh trng nhau l: i i
2
i =1
12
12 2
12
12
12
12
a a 1
Ta c: i ( i ) = 1 a i2 a i 1 i=1 a i = 72
2 12
2
2 i=1
i =1
i =1
i =1
0,5
1,0
1,0