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HI CC TRNG THPT CHUYN

KHU VC DH & B BC B

K THI CHN HC SINH GII KHU VC M RNG


NM HC 2011- 2012
MN THI: TON LP 10
Ngy thi: 21 thng 4 nm 2012

CHNH THC

(Thi gian lm bi 180 pht khng k thi gian giao )


thi gm 1 trang

Cu 1 ( 4 im): Gii h phng trnh sau:

x3 y 3 3 y 2 = 9
2
2
x + y = x 4 y
Cu 2 (4 im): Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn xy + yz + zx = 3 .

Chng minh bt ng thc:


x2
x3 + 8

y2
y3 + 8

z2
z3 + 8

1.

Cu 3 (4 im): Trn cc cnh BC, CA, AB v v pha ngoi tam gic ABC ta
dng cc hnh vung BCMN, ACPQ, ABEF. Gi G l trng tm tam gic ABC.
K hiu A1 l giao im ca AG v FQ; B1 l giao im ca BG v NE; C1 l giao
im ca CG v MP. Ta xc nh cc im A2, B2, C2 sao cho AGC2F, BGA2N,
CGB2P l cc hnh bnh hnh. Chng minh rng cc ng thng i qua A2, B2, C2
tng ng vung gc vi B1C1, C1A1, A1B1 ng quy.
Cu 4 (4 im): Gi s m, n l cc s t nhin tha mn: 4m3 + m = 12n 3 + n .

Chng minh rng m n l lp phng ca mt s nguyn.


Cu 5 (4 im): Trn mt phng to Oxy, xt tp hp M cc im c to

(x; y) vi x, y `* v x 12; y 12. Mi im trong M c t bi mt trong ba


mu: mu , mu trng hoc mu xanh. Chng minh rng tn ti mt hnh ch
nht c cc cnh song song vi cc trc to m tt c cc nh ca n thuc M v
c t cng mu.
. HT .

Cu
1

HNG DN CHM
Mn: Ton 10
Ni dung
3
x y 3 3 y 2 = 9 (1)
Gii h phng trnh: 2
2
x + y = x 4 y ( 2 )

im
4 im

H phng trnh tng ng:

1,0

x3 y 3 3 y 2 = 9
x3 y 3 3 y 2 3( x 2 + y 2 ) = 9 3( x 4 y )
2
2
3 ( x + y ) = 3 ( x 4 y )
x 3 3 x 2 + 3 x 1 = y 3 + 6 y 2 + 12 y + 8

0,5

( x 1)3 = ( y + 2)3 x 1 = y + 2 x = y + 3

0,5

Th vo phng trnh (2) ta thu c: 2 y 2 + 9 y + 6 = 0

0,5
0,5

9 33
y =
4

9 + 33
y =
4

Vi y =

9 33
9 33 3 33
x = 3+
=
4
4
4

0,5

Vi y =

9 + 33
9 + 33 3 + 33
x = 3+
=
4
4
4

0,5

Vy phng trnh c hai nghim:


3 33 9 33
;
;
4
4

( x; y ) =
2

3 + 33 9 + 33
;

4
4

( x; y ) =

Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn xy + yz + zx = 3 .


Chng minh bt ng thc:

x2
x +8
3

y2
y +8
3

z2
z +8
3

4 im

1.

Theo bt ng thc Cauchy cho cc s thc dng ta c:


( x + 2) + ( x 2 2 x + 4) x 2 x + 6
3
2
x + 8 = ( x + 2)( x 2 x + 4)
=
2
2
x2
2x2

2
x3 + 8 x x + 6

1,0

y2

Tng t, ta cng c

2 y2
;
2
y3 + 8 y y + 6

T suy ra:
x2
y2
+
+
x3 + 8
y3 + 8

z2

z2

2z2
.
2
z3 + 8 z z + 6

2x2
2 y2
2z2
. (1)
2
+ 2
+ 2
z3 + 8 x x + 6 y y + 6 z z + 6

Mt khc, theo bt ng thc Cauchy - Schwarz :


2x2
2 y2
2z2
2( x + y + z ) 2
(2)
+
+

x 2 x + 6 y 2 y + 6 z 2 z + 6 x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ( x + y + z ) + 18
Ta chng minh:
2( x + y + z ) 2
1 ( 3)
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ( x + y + z ) + 18
Tht vy:
Ta c:
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ( x + y + z ) + 18

0,5
0,5

1,0

0,5

= ( x + y + z ) ( x + y + z ) 2 ( xy + yz + zx ) + 18
2

= ( x + y + z ) ( x + y + z ) + 12 > 0
2

Nn ( 3) 2( x + y + z ) 2 x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ( x + y + z ) + 18

x2 + y2 + z 2 + x + y + z 6
Mt khc, do x, y, z l cc s dng nn ta c:
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 xy + yz + zx

0,5

x + y + z 3( xy + yz + zx)
M xy + yz + zx = 3 nn bt ng thc (3) ng.
T (1), (2) v (3), ta c pcm.
ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi x = y = z = 1 .
3

Trn cc cnh BC, CA, AB v v pha ngoi tam gic ABC ta dng cc 4 im
hnh vung BCMN, ACPQ, ABEF. Gi G l trng tm tam gic ABC.
K hiu A1 l giao im ca AG v FQ; B1 l giao im ca BG v NE;
C1 l giao im ca CG v MP. Ta xc nh cc im A2, B2, C2 sao cho
AGC2F, BGA2N, CGB2P l cc hnh bnh hnh. Chng minh rng cc
ng thng i qua A2, B2, C2 tng ng vung gc vi B1C1, C1A1, A1B1
ng quy.

Q
A1
F
B2

C2
E

G
B

C
C1

B1

A2
M

Gi I l trung im ca BC. Ta c:

JJJG JJG 1 JJJG JJJG JJJG JJJG 1 JJJG JJJG JJJG JJJG JJJG JJJG JJJG JJJG
0,5
FQ.AI= FA+AQ AB+AC = FA.AB+FA.AC+AQ.AB+AQ.AC
2
2
JJJ
G
JJJ
G
JJJG
JJJ
G
1
1
n
n =0
=
0-AF.AC+AQ.AB+0 = -AF.AC.cosFAC+AQ.AB.cosQAB
2
2
1,0
0 l
n n
Do AF = AC, AQ = AB, FAC=QAB=90
+A

)(

) (
) (

FQ AI hay FQ A1G (1) .

Ta c CGB2P l hnh bnh hnh nn GB2 song song v bng CP nn GB2


song song v bng AQ, suy ra AQB2G l hnh bnh hnh, vy c QB2
song song v bng AG. Suy ra QB2 song song v bng FC2, nn FQB2C2
l hnh bnh hnh, hay FQ song song vi B2C2 (2).
T (1) v (2) suy ra A1G B2C2 .
Tng t cng c B1G A 2C2 , C1G A 2 B2 .
Vy cc ng thng i qua A1, B1, C1 tng ng vung gc vi
B2C2 ,C2 A 2 ,A 2 B2 ng quy ti G nn theo h qu ca nh l Ccn ta c
cc ng thng i qua A2, B2, C2 tng ng vung gc vi
B1C1 ,C1A1 ,A1B1 cng ng quy.
Gi s m, n l cc s t nhin tha mn: 4m3 + m = 12n 3 + n .

1,0

0,5
1,0

4 im

Chng minh rng m n l lp phng ca mt s nguyn.


Ta c: 4m 3 + m = 12n 3 + n 4 ( m 3 n 3 ) + ( m n ) = 8n 3

( m n ) ( 4m 2 + 4mn + 4n 2 + 1) = 8n 3 (1)
Gi s p l mt c nguyn t chung ca m n v 4m 2 + 4mn + 4n 2 + 1
Do 4m 2 + 4mn + 4n 2 + 1 l s l nn p l s l.

1,0
0,5

T (1) suy ra 8n 3 # p m p l s nguyn t l n # p m# p

0,5

Mt khc p l c ca 4m 2 + 4mn + 4n 2 + 1 p = 1 (v l)

0,5

do m n v 4m 2 + 4mn + 4n 2 + 1 khng c c nguyn t chung, suy


0,5
ra ( m n,4m 2 + 4mn + 4n 2 + 1) = 1 .
Do 8n 3 = ( 2n ) , suy ra m n l lp phng ca mt s nguyn.
3

1,0

Trn mt phng to Oxy, xt tp hp M cc im c to (x; y) vi x, y


`* v x 12; y 12. Mi im trong M c t bi mt trong ba mu: 4 im
mu , mu trng hoc mu xanh. Chng minh rng tn ti mt hnh ch
nht c cc cnh song song vi cc trc to m tt c cc nh ca n thuc
M v c t cng mu.
Tp M c 144 im c t bng 3 mu nn tn ti 1 mu t c t khng
t hn

0,5

144
= 48 im.
3

Ta chn trong cc im ca M ng 48 im c t cng mt mu. Chia cc


im ca M thnh 12 hng (cc im c cng tung ) v 12 ct (cc im c
cng honh ). Gi ai (i = 1,,12) l s im trong 48 im c chn c
12

trong mt ct th i suy ra:

a
i =1

0,5

= 48

Khi , s cp im c chn trong ct th i l:

a i (a i 1)
2

a ( a 1)
s cp im c honh trng nhau l: i i
2
i =1
12

12 2

12
12
12
12
a a 1
Ta c: i ( i ) = 1 a i2 a i 1 i=1 a i = 72
2 12

2
2 i=1
i =1
i =1
i =1

0,5

1,0

V mi cp c chn trong cng mt ct tng ng vi mt cp hng trong


cc im trong mt hng c cng tung .
2
S cc cp hng khc nhau l: C12
= 66

1,0

V 72 > 66 nn lun tm c hai cp im nm trn 1 cp hng.


Vy lun tn ti mt hnh ch nht c cc cnh song song vi cc trc to 0,5
v c 4 nh t cng mt mu.

Mi cch gii khc nu ng kt qu v lp lun cht ch u cho im tng ng.

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