NHN BIT 50 ION V C

A. CC ION DNG (Cations)

1. Ion Li+
- Cch 1 : Tm thuc th ln mt dy platin sch, em i t trn n kh : ngn la
mu ta
- Cch 2 : Quan st mu quang ph, cho quang ph vch mu 671 nm
2. Ion Na+
- Cch 1 : Tm thuc th ln mt dy platin sch, em i t trn n kh : ngn la
mu vng
- Cch 2 : phn ng vi uranyl km acetat, cho kt ta vng nht :
3UO2(CH3COO)2.Zn(CH3COO)2.NaCH3COO.6H2O
- MT khng nn cho c acid qu cao
-Cc ion khc nh Ba2+,Ca2+,Sr2+ phn ng nng cao l 0,1M
- Khi c cc cht to phc mnh th dng d thuc th
3. Ion K+:
- Cch 1 : Tm thuc th ln mt dy platin sch, em i t trn n kh : ngn la
tm
- Cch 2 : Phn ng vi natri cobalt tinitrit Na3[Co(NO2)6] cho kt ta vng
Na3[Co(NO2)6]=> 3Na+ + [Co(NO2)6]3- [Co(NO2)6]3- + Na+ + 2K+ =>
K2Na[Co(NO2)6] kt ta - Dung dch c MT acid yu, trung tnh - Khi c mt cc
cht oxi ha mnh hay cc cht kh mnh, cn dng d thuc th - Cc ion
Sb3+,Bi3+,Sn4+,(UO2)2+ cn tr phn ng, cn che bng EDTA
4. Ion (NH4)+
- Cch 1 : Dng dung dch kim, un nng. Sau , ly mt giy th, tm mt t
phenolphtalein v a li gn ming ng nghim (trnh **ng vo ming ng). Giy
chuyn sang mu hng : (NH4)+ + OH- => NH3 + H2O
- Cch 2 : Phn ng vi thuc th Nestler (l dung dch kim ca mui kali
iodomecuriat K2[HgI4] + KOH (NH4)+ + OH- => NH3 + H2O 2HgI4- + NH3 =>
2HgNH3I2 + 4I- 2HgNh3I2 => NH2Hg2I3 kt ta + (NH4)+ + I5. Ion Ba2+
-cch 1 : Cho kt ta trng vi dung dch cha ion (SO4)2- Ba2+ + (SO4)2- =>
BaSO4 kt ta
- Cch 2 : dng K2CrO4 cho kt ta vng: Ba2+ + (CrO4)2- => BaCrO4 - pH trong
khong 4-5 - Thc t, thng dng MT m acetat
6. Ion Ca2+:
- Cch 1 : Cho kt ta trng vi dung dch cha ion (CO3)2-:
Ca2+ (CO3)2 - => CaCO3
- Cch 2 : dng (NH4)2C2O4 cho kt ta trng: Ca2+ + (C2O4)2- => CaC2O4 kt
ta Cho vi git HCl vo kt ta (sau khi li tm), kt ta tan ra
7. Ion Sr 2+:
- Cch 1 : Cho kt ta trng vi dung dch cha ion
(SO4)2- Sr2+ + (SO4)2- => SrSO4
- Cch 2 : dng (NH4)2C2O4 cho kt ta trng: Sr2+ + (C2O4)2- => SrC2O4 kt ta;
Cho vi git HCl vo kt ta (sau khi li tm), kt ta tan ra
8. Ion Ag+:
dng dung dch HCl hay dung dch mui cha ion clorur, s cho kt ta trng : Ag+ +
Cl- =>AgCl kt ta
9. Ion Pb 2+:
Cch 1 : Dng dung dch HCl, cho kt ta trng, tan trong nc si.
Pb2+ + 2Cl- => PbCl2 kt ta
Cch 2 : cng nh cch 1, khi un si, kt ta tan ra. Thm vo dung dch bo ha
ny mt t KI th s c kt ta mu vng :
Pb2+ + 2I- => PbI2 kt ta
10. Ion (Hg2)2+ :
Cho phn ng vi dung dch HCl, cho kt ta trng, ha en khi cho tc dng vi
dung dch NH3:
(Hg2)2+ + 2Cl- => Hg2Cl2 kt ta
11. Ion Zn2+:
- Cch 1 : Cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH. lc u, thy c kt ta trng keo. Nu

dng d NaOH, kt ta tan dn cho n ht (khi lc nh)

Zn2+ + 2OH- => Zn(OH)2 kt ta zn(OH)2 + 2OH- => (ZnO2)2- + 2H2O
- Cch 2 : Phn ng vi K4[Fe(CN)6] cho kt ta trng hay vi (NH4)2[Hg(SCN)4]
cho kt ta trng: Zn2+ +[ Fe(CN)6]4- + 2K+ => K2Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2 kt ta Zn2+ +
[Hg(SCN)4]2- =>Zn[Hg(SCN)4]
12. Ion Al3+:
- Cch 1 : Cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH. lc u, thy c kt ta trng keo. Nu
dng d NaOH, kt ta tan dn cho n ht (khi lc nh)
Al3+ + 3OH- => Al(OH)3 kt ta Al(OH)3 + OH- => AlO2- + H2O
- Cch 2 : Cho phn ng vi aluminon (acid aurin tricacbocylic) hay Alizarin S,
cng cho hp cht ni phc mu
- Thc hin trong MT acid yu, pH t 4-5
- Ty nng ion nhm, s cho kt ta hay dung dch mu
13. Ion Cr3+:
- Cch 1 : Cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH. lc u, thy c kt ta xm, dng keo.
Nu dng d NaOH, kt ta tan dn cho n ht (khi lc nh)
Cr3+ + 3OH- => Cr(OH)3 kt ta Cr(OH)3 + OH- => ( CrO2)- + H2O
- Cch 2 : Oxi ha ion (CrO2)- bi H2O2 trong MT kim s c ion (CrO4)2- c
mu vng.
kim tra sc c mt ca (CrO4)2- , cho tc dng vi AgNO3 trong MT trung tnh
hay acid yu to thnh mu gch hay oxi ha bng khi c ru amylic trong
MT H2SO4 to thnh H3CrO8 mu xanh.H3CrO8 khng bn, b phn hy thnh
Cr3+ Xanh lc :
2(CrO2)- + 3H2O2 + 2OH- =>2(CrO4)2- + 4H2O 2(CrO4)2- + 2H+
=>(Cr2O7)2- + H2O (Cr2O7)2- + 2H2O2 + 2H+
=> 2H3CrO8 + 5H2O 2H3CrO8 + 6H+ => 2Cr3+ + 5O2 + 6H2O
14. Ion Mg2+:
- Cch 1 : Dng dung dch kim, cho kt ta trng : Mg2+ + 2OH- =>Mg(OH)2 kt
ta
- Cch 2 : Phn ng vi Na2HPo4 cho kt ta tinh th :
Mg2+ + NH3 +(HPO4)2- => Mg(OH)2
Phn ng thc hin trong MT pH > 7
- Cn thm NH4Cl (ko qu d)
15. Ion Be2+
- Cch 1 : Cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH. lc u, thy c kt ta trng keo. Nu
dng d NaOH, kt ta tan dn cho n ht (khi lc nh) Be2+ + 2OH- => Be(OH)2
kt ta Be(OH)2 + 2OH- => (BeO2)2- +2H2O
- Cch 2 : - Phn ng vi Morin (trong dung dch kim) cho hunh quang mu vng Phn ng vi acetyl aceton CH3COCH2COCH3 cho kt ta tinh th trng
Be(C5H7O2)2
16. Ion Cu2+:
- Cch 1 : Dng dung dch kim, cho kt ta xanh :
Cu2+ + 2OH- =>Cu(OH)2 kt ta
Cch 2 : - Phn ng vi NH3 cho phc amin mu xanh m rt c trng - Phn ng
vi K4[Fe(CN)6] cho kt ta mu nu :
Cu2+ + [ Fe(CN)6]4- => Cu2[Fe(CN)6] kt ta
- Phn ng vi (NH4)2[Hg(SCN)4] cho kt ta xanh
17. Ion Fe2+:
- Cch 1 : Dng dung dch kim, cho kt ta trng xanh : Fe2+ + 2OH- => Fe(OH)2
kt ta
- Cch 2 : - tc dng vi K3[Fe(CN)6]cho kt ta xanh : Fe2+ + [Fe(CN)6]3- =>
Fe3[Fe(CN)6]2 kt ta - tc dng vi dimetylglioxim HDim (trong dung dch m
amoni / amoniac) cho phc cht mu , nht dn khi trong KK
18. Ion Fe3+:
- Cch 1 : Dng dung dch kim, cho kt ta nu :
Fe3+ + 3OH- => Fe(OH)3 kt ta
- Cch 2 : - tc dng vi K4[Fe(CN)6]cho kt ta xanh :
Fe3+ + [Fe(CN)6]4- => Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 kt ta
Cn thc hin phn ng pH < 7, trnh dng d thuc th - tc dng vi KSCN cho
phc mu mu trong MT acid :

Fe3+ +3SCN- => Fe(SCN)3

19. Ion Mn2+:
Oxi ha bng [ Ag(NH3)2]+ cho MnO(OH)2 mu nu v Ag mu xm :
2[Ag(NH3)2]+ + Mn2+ +3H2O => 2Ag kt ta + 4(NH4)+ +MnO(OH)2 kt ta
20. Ion Bi3+:
Trong MT kim, stanit kh Bi(III) to thnh Bi kim loi mu en
21. Ion Cd2+:
Dng thuc th Na2S cho kt ta CdS mu vng :
Cd2+ + S2- => CdS kt ta
22. Ion Co2+:
- To phc mu xanh vi SCN - - Phn ng vi (NH4)2[Hg(SCN)4] cho kt ta mu
xanh
23. Ion Ni2+ :
Phn ng vi dimetylglioxim to hp cht ni phc t tan mu .
B. CC ION M (Anions)
1. Ion F-:
Phn ng lm mt mu ca phc St (III) thiocyanat :
Fe(SCN)3 + 3F- => FeF3 + 3SCN2. Ion Cl-, Br-:
- Phn ng to thnh mui bc halogenur :
AgCl trng, AgBr trng ng, AgI vng nht
3. Ion I-:
- Oxi ha ion I- bng ion NO2- :
2HNO2 + 3I- +2H+ => (I3)- + 2NO + 2H2O
4. Ion S2- - :
- Phn ng vi dung dch HCl cho kh mi trng thi 2H+ + S2- => H2S
- Phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 cho kt ta mu en :
2Ag+ + S2- => Ag2S
5. Ion thiosulfat (S2O3)2Phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 c mt t Na2CO3 0,1 g/lt
cho kt ta vng Ag2S2O3
7. Ion sulfit (SO3)2-:
- Phn ng vi cc acid cho kh SO2 mi xc
(SO3)2- + 2H+ => SO2 + H2O
- Lm mt mu nc Fusin pH = 7,0
7. Ion (SO4)2-:
Phn ng vi ion Bari cho kt ta trng :
Ba2+ + (SO4)2- => BaSO4 kt ta
8. Ion persulfat (S2O8)2Trong MT trung tnh, ion persulfat oxi ha Benzidine to thnh hp cht mu xanh
9. Ion cyanur CN-:
Ha tan CuS :
2CuS kt ta + 10CN- => 2[Cu(CN)4]3- + 2S210. Ion thiocyanat SCN-:
To phc vi ion Fe3+ cho phc mu mu :
Fe3+ + SCN- => [Fe(SCN)n]-(n-3) (n=1 ->5)
11. Ion acetat CH3COO-:
To p
hc vi ion Fe3+ cho phc mu .
Khi un nng, xut hin kt ta nu acetat base Fe(OH)2CH3COO
12. Ion ocalat (C2O4)2Phn ng vi dung dch thuc tm (lm mt mu), un nng s cho bt kh :
5(C2O4)2- + 2(MnO4)- + 16H+ => 10CO2 + 2Mn2+ + 8H2O
13. Ion NO2-:
Phn ng vi thuc th Griess (l hn hp acid sulfanilic H2NC6H4SO3H v alphanaphtylamin C1OH7NH2) cho mu ca hp cht azo
14. Ion NO3-

Phn ng vi Cu v H2SO4c, cho kh mu nu

15. Ion phosphat (PO4)3Phn ng vi amoni molipdat (NH4)2MoO4 cho kt ta vng amoni
phosphomolipdat :
H3PO4 + 12(MoO4)2- + 3(NH4)+ + 21H+ => (NH4)3H4[P(Mo2O7)6] kt ta +
10H2O
16. Ion (SiO3)2khi acid ha cc dung dch silicat s cho kt ta trng keo
17. Ion carbonat (CO3)2-:
Phn ng vi cc acid. Sau dng nc vi trong nhn ra CO2 do c kt ta trng
(CO3)2- + 2H+ => CO2 + H2O Ca(OH)2 + CO2 => CaCO3+H2