Phng php 1

P DNG NH LUT BO TON KHI LNG

Nguyn tc ca phng php ny kh n gin, da vo nh lut bo ton khi lng: Tng
khi lng cc cht tham gia phn ng bng tng khi lng cc cht to thnh trong phn ng.
Cn lu l: khng tnh khi lng ca phn khng tham gia phn ng cng nh phn cht c
sn, v d nc c sn trong dung dch.
Khi c cn dung dch th khi lng mui thu c bng tng khi lng cc cation kim loi v
anion gc axit.
V d 1: Hn hp X gm Fe, FeO v
. Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng mgam hn
hp X nung nng. Sau khi kt thc th nghim thu c 64 gam cht rn A trong ng s v 11,2
lt kh B (ktc) c t khi so vi
l 20,4. Tnh gi tr m.
A. 105,6 gam. B. 35,2 gam. C. 70,4 gam. D. 140,8 gam.
V d 2: un 132,8 gam hn hp 3 ru no, n chc vi
c 140oC thu c hn
hp cc ete c s mol bng nhau v c khi lng l 111,2 gam. S mol ca mi ete trong hn
hp l bao nhiu?
A. 0,1 mol. B. 0,15 mol. C. 0,4 mol. D. 0,2 mol.
Nhn xt: Chng ta khng cn vit 6 phng trnh phn ng t ru tch nc to thnh 6 ete,
cng khng cn tm CTPT ca cc ru v cc ete trn. Nu cc bn xa vo vic vit phng
trnh phn ng v t n s mol cc ete tnh ton th khng nhng khng gii c m cn
tn qu nhiu thi gian.
V d 3: Cho 12 gam hn hp hai kim loi Fe, Cu tc dng va vi dung dch
63%.
Sau phn ng thu c dung dch A v 11,2 lt kh
duy nht (ktc). Tnh nng % cc
cht c trong dung dch A.
A. 36,66% v 28,48%. B. 27,19% v 21,12%.
C. 27,19% v 72,81%. D. 78,88% v 21,12%.
V d 4: Ho tan hon ton 23,8 gam hn hp mt mui cacbonat ca cc kim loi ho tr (I) v
mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr (II) trong dung dch HCl. Sau phn ng thu c 4,48 lt kh
(ktc). em c cn dung dch thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
A. 13 gam. B. 15 gam. C. 26 gam. D. 30 gam.
V d 5: Hn hp A gm
v
nng 83,68
gam. Nhit phn hon ton A ta thu c cht rn B gm
, KCl v 17,472 lt kh ( ktc).
Cho cht rn B tc dng vi 360 ml dung dch
0,5M (va ) thu c kt ta C v
dung dch D. Lng KCl trong dung dch D nhiu gp 22/3 ln lng KCl c trong A. % khi
lng
c trong A l
A. 47,83%. B. 56,72%. C. 54,67%. D. 58,55%.
V d 6: t chy hon ton 1,88 gam cht hu c A (cha C, H, O) cn 1,904 lt
(ktc) thu
c
v hi nc theo t l th tch 4:3. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca A. Bit t khi
ca A so vi khng kh nh hn 7.
PA. C8H12O5. B. C4H8O2. C. C8H12O3. D. C6H12O6.
V d 7: Cho 0,1 mol este to bi 2 ln axit v ru mt ln ru tc dng hon ton vi NaOH
thu c 6,4 gam ru v mt lng mi c khi lng nhiu hn lng este l 13,56% (so
vi lng este). Xc nh cng thc cu to ca este.
A. CH3COO CH3.
B. CH3OCOCOOCH3.
C. CH3COOCOOCH3.
D. CH3COOCH2COOCH3.
V d 8: Thu phn hon ton 11,44 gam hn hp 2 este n chc l ng phn ca nhau bng
dung dch NaOH thu c 11,08 gam hn hp mui v 5,56 gam hn hp ru. Xc nh cng
thc cu to ca 2 este.
A. HCOOCH3 v C2H5COOCH3,

B. C2H5COOCH3 v CH3COOC2H5.
C. HCOOC3H7 v C2H5COOCH3.
D. C B, C u ng.
V d 9: Chia hn hp gm hai anehit no n chc lm hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: em t chy hon ton thu c 1,08 gam
.
- Phn 2: Tc dng vi H2 d (Ni, to) th thu c hn hp A. em t chy hon ton th th
tch kh
(ktc) thu c l
A. 1,434 lt. B. 1,443 lt. C. 1,344 lt. D. 0,672 lt.
V d 10: Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng 0,04 mol hn hp A gm FeO v
t
nng. Sau khi kt thc th nghim thu c B gm 4 cht nng 4,784 gam. Kh i ra khi ng s
cho hp th vo dung dch
d th thu c 9,062 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng
Fe2O3 trong hn hp A l
A. 86,96%. B. 16,04%. C. 13,04%. D.6,01%.
MT S BI TP VN DNG GII THEO PHNG PHP S DNG NH LUT BO
TON KHI LNG
01. Ha tan 9,14 gam hp kim Cu, Mg, Al bng mt lng va dung dch HCl thu c 7,84
lt kh X (ktc) v 2,54 gam cht rn Y v dung dch Z. Lc b cht rn Y, c cn cn thn dung
dch Z thu c lng mui khan l
A. 31,45 gam. B. 33,99 gam. C. 19,025 gam. D. 56,3 gam.
02. Cho 15 gam hn hp 3 amin n chc, bc mt tc dng va vi dung dch HCl 1,2 M th
thu c 18,504 gam mui. Th tch dung dch HCl phi dng l
A. 0,8 lt. B. 0,08 lt. C. 0,4 lt. D. 0,04 lt.
03. Trn 8,1 gam bt Al vi 48 gam bt
ri cho tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm trong
iu kin khng c khng kh, kt thc th nghim lng cht rn thu c l
A. 61,5 gam. B. 56,1 gam. C. 65,1 gam. D. 51,6 gam.
04. Ha tan hon ton 10,0 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi (ng trc H trong dy in ha)
bng dung dch HCl d thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 (ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c
lng mui khan l
A. 1,71 gam. B. 17,1 gam. C. 13,55 gam. D. 34,2 gam.
05. Nhit phn hon ton m gam hn hp X gm
v
thu c 11,6 gam
cht rn v 2,24 lt kh (ktc). Hm lng %
trong X l
A. 6,25%. B. 8,62%. C. 50,2%. D. 62,5%.
06. Cho 4,4 gam hn hp hai kim loi nhm IA hai chu k lin tip tc dng vi dung dch HCl
d thu c 4,48 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch cha m gam mui tan. Tn hai kim loi v khi lng
m l
A. 11 gam; Li v Na. B. 18,6 gam; Li v Na.
C. 18,6 gam; Na v K. D. 12,7 gam; Na v K.
07. t chy hon ton 18 gam
v cho ton b lng
vo 2 lt dung dch
0,125M. Khi lng mui to thnh l
A. 57,40 gam. B. 56,35 gam. C. 59,17 gam. D.58,35 gam.
08. Ha tan 33,75 gam mt kim loi M trong dung dch
long, d thu c 16,8 lt kh X
(ktc) gm hai kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh c t khi hi so vi hiro bng 17,8.
a) Kim loi l
A. Cu. B. Zn. C. Fe. D. Al.
b) Nu dng dung dch
2M v ly d 25% th th tch dung dch cn ly l
A. 3,15 lt. B. 3,00 lt. C. 3,35 lt. D. 3,45 lt.
09. Ho tan hon ton 15,9 gam hn hp gm 3 kim loi Al, Mg v Cu bng dung dch
thu c 6,72 lt kh NO v dung dch X. em c cn dung dch X thu c bao nhiu gam mui
khan?
A. 77,1 gam. B. 71,7 gam. C. 17,7 gam. D. 53,1 gam.
10. Ha tan hon ton 2,81 gam hn hp gm
trong 500 ml axit

0,1M (va ). Sau phn ng, hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c khi c cn dung dch
c khi lng l
A. 6,81 gam. B. 4,81 gam. C. 3,81 gam. D. 5,81 gam.
p n cc bi tp vn dng:
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. B
5. D
6. B
7. D
8. a-D, b-B
9. B
10. A
Chuyn 1 : Phng php p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng
I- Ni dung nh lut bo ton khi lng
Tng khi lng cc cht tham gia phn ng bng tng khi lng sn phm.
V d : trong phn ng A + B => C + D
Ta c : mA + mB = mC + mD
- H qu 1 : Gi mT l tng khi lng cc cht trc phn ng, mS l tng khi lng cc cht sau phn
ng. D cho phn ng xy ra va hay c cht d, hiu sut phn ng nh hn 100% th vn c mS=
mT.
- H qu 2 : Khi cation kim loi kt hp vi anion phi kim to ra cc hp cht (nh oxit, hiroxit, mui)
th ta lun c :
Khi lng hp cht = khi lng kim loi + khi lng anion.
- H qu 3 : Khi cation kim loi thay i anion to ra hp cht mi, s chnh lch khi lng gia hai hp
cht bng s chnh lch v khi lng gia cc cation.
- H qu 4 : Tng khi lng ca mt nguyn t trc phn ng bng tng khi lng ca nguyn t
sau phn ng.
- H qu 5 : Trong phn ng kh oxit kim loi bng CO, H2, Al
+ Cht kh ly oxi ca oxit to ra CO2, H2O, Al2O3. Bit s mol CO, H2, Al tham gia phn ng hoc s mol
CO2, H2O, Al2O3 to ra, ta tnh c lng oxi trong oxit (hay hn hp oxit) v suy ra lng kim loi (hay
hn hp kim loi).
+ Khi kh oxit kim, CO hoc H2 ly oxi ra khi oxit. Khi ta c :
nO (trong oxit )= nCO2 = nCO = nH2O
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng tnh khi lng hn hp oxit ban
u hoc khi lng kim loi thu c sau phn .
II- Bi tp minh ho
Bi 1. Cho 24,4 gam hn hp Na2CO3, K2CO3 tc dng va vi dung dch BaCl2. Sau phn ng thu
c 39,4 gam kt ta. Lc tch kt ta, c cn dung dch thu c m gam mui clorua. m c gi tr l:
A. 2,66 B. 22,6 C. 26,6 D. 6,26
Hng dn gii. Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng :
nBaCl2 = nBaCO3= 0, 2 (mol)
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng : mhh + mBaCl2 = mkt ta + mmui
=> mmui = 24,4 + 0,2.208 - 39,4 = 26,6 gam=> p n C
Bi 2. Ha tan 10,14 gam hp kim Cu, Mg, Al bng mt lng va dung dch HCl thu c 7,84 lt kh A
(ktc) v 1,54 gam cht rn B v dung dch C. C cndung dch C thu c m gam mui, m c gi tr l :
A. 33,45 B. 33,25 C. 32,99 D.35,58
Hng dn gii. Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng :
m= m(Al+Mg) + mCl- = (10,14-1,54) + 0,1.35,5 = 33,45 g =>p n A
Bi 3. Ha tan hon ton 10 gam hn hp Mg v Fe trong dung dch HCl d thy to ra 2,24 lt kh
H2(ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c gam mui khan. Khi lng mui khan thu c l
A. 1,71 gam C. 3,42 gam B. 17,1 gam D. 34,2 gam
Hng dn gii:
Theo PT in li nCl - = nH+ = 2nH2 = 0,2 mol
=> m mui = mKL + mCl - = 10 + 0,2.35,5 = 17,1 g => p n B
Bi 4. Trn 5,4 gam Al vi 6,0 gam Fe2O3 ri nung nng thc hin phn ng nhit nhm. Sau phn ng
ta thu c m gam hn hp cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,24 gam C. 10,20 gam B. 9,40 gam D. 11,40 gam
Hng dn gii. Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng :
mhh sau = mhh trc = 5,4 + 6,0 = 11,4 (gam) =>p n C.
Bi 5. Cho 0,52 gam hn hp 2 kim loi Mg v Fe tan hon ton trong dung dchH2SO4 long, d thy c
0,336 lt kh thot ra (ktc). Khi lng hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c l

A. 2 gam C. 3,92 gam B. 2,4 gam D. 1,96gam

Hng dn gii. Ta c mui thu c gm MgSO4 v Al2(SO4)3. Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng :
nSO4(2-) = nH2 = 0,015
m mui = mKl + mSO4(2-) = 0,52 + 0,015.96 = 1,96 g => p n: D
Bi 6. Cho 2,81 gam hn hp A gm 3 oxit Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO tan va trong 300 ml dung dch H2SO4
0,1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng, khi lng hn hp cc mui sunfat khan to ra l:
A. 3,81 gam C. 5,21 gam B. 4,81 gam D. 4,8 g
Hng dn gii.
nH2O = nH2SO4 = 0,03 mol
moxit = mH2SO4 = m mui + mH2O
=>m mui = moxit + mH2SO4 mH2O =2,81 + 0,03.98 0,03 .18 = 5,21 g
(Cng thc tng qut i vi bi ny m mui = moxit + nH2O (Hoc nH2SO4). 80 ) => p n C.
Tng t i vi HCl m mui = moxt + nH2O(Hoc 2nHCl).27,5 (Do 2nHCl = nH2O)
Bi 7. Thi mt lung kh CO d qua ng s ng m gam hn hp gm CuO, Fe2O3, FeO, Al2O3 nung nng
thu c 2,5 gam cht rn. Ton b kh thot ra sc vo nc vi trong d thy c 15 gam kt ta trng.
Khi lng ca hn hp oxit kim loi ban u l
A. 7,4 gam C. 9,8 gam B. 4,9 gam D.23 gam
Hng dn gii.
MxOy + yCO => xM + yCO2
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 => CaCO3 + H2O
(Phi nh : moxit = mKim loi + moxi :VD mFe2O3 = mFe + mO)
nO = nCO = nCO2 = nCaCO3 = 0,15 mol
=> moxit = mKL +moxi = 2,5 + 0,15.16 = 4,9 g=>p n B
Bi 8. Chia 1,24 gam hn hp hai kim loi c ha tr khng i thnh hai phn bng nhau :
- Phn 1: b oxi ha hon ton thu c 0,78 gam hn hp oxit.
- Phn 2: tan hon ton trong dung dch H2SO4 long thu c V lt H2
(ktc). C cn dung dch thu c m gam mui khan.
Gi tr ca V l:
A. 2,24 lt B. 0,112 lt C. 5,6 lt D. 0,224 lt
2. Gi tr ca m l
C. 1,58 gam B. 15,8 gam C. 25,4 gam D . 2,54 gam
1. Ta nhn thy, khi kim loi tc dng vi oxi v H2SO4, s mol O(2-) bng SO4(2-) (Cng in tch 2- )
nO(2-)= nSO4(2-) = nH2
mOxi = mOxit m KL = 0,78 1,24/2 = 0,16 mol (DO 2 phn = nhau ln khi lng mi phn = 1,24/2)
=> nH2 =nH2SO4 = nO = 0,16/16 = 0,01 mol => V = 0,224 lt =>p n D
2. m mui = mKL + mSO4(2-) = 1,24/2 + 0,01.96 = 1,58 g =>p n B
Bi 9. Ha tan hon ton 20 gam hn hp Mg v Fe vo dung dch axit HCl d thy c 11,2 lt kh thot ra
(ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X th khi lng mui khan thu c l
A. 35,5 gam. B. 45,5 gam. C. 55,5 gam. D. 65,5 gam
Hng dn gii. p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng
nH2 = 0,5 mol => nHCL = 2nH2 = 2.0,5 = 1 mol
mKL+ mHCl = mMui + mHiro
mmui=mkim loi+mHCl - mH2
mmui = 20 + 1.36,5 - 2.0,5 = 55,5 (gam). => p n A.
Cch khc nHCl = 1 mol => nCl- = 1 mol
=> m mui = mKl + mCl-= 20 + 1.35,5 = 55,5 g
Bi 10. Sc ht mt lng kh clo vo dung dch hn hp NaBr v NaI, un nng thu c 2,34 g NaCl. S
mol hn hp NaBr v NaI phn ng l:
A. 0,1 mol C. 0,02 mol B. 0,15 mol D. 0,04 mol
Hng dn gii. p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng :
nNaBr+ nNaI= nNaCl =0,04 mol. =>p n D
Bi 11. Ho tan ht 38,60 gam hn hp gm Fe v kim loi M trong dung dch HCl d thy thot ra 14,56 lt
H2 (ktc). Khi lng hn hp muiclorua khan thu c l
A. 48,75 gam C. 74,85 gam B. 84,75 gam D. 78,45 gam
Hng dn gii.
t lm (Ging bi 9 lm theo 2 cch nh) =>p n B
Bi 12. Cho tan hon ton 8,0 gam hn hp X gm FeS v FeS2 trong 290 ml dung dch HNO3, thu c kh
NO v dung dch Y. tc dng ht vi cc cht trong dung dch Y, cn 250 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M. Kt
ta to thnh em nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i c 32,03 gam cht rn Z.
a. Khi lng mi cht trong X l
A. 3,6 gam FeS v 4,4 gam FeS2 B. 4,4 gam FeS v 3,6 gam FeS2
C. 2,2 gam FeS v 5,8 gam FeS2 D. 4,6 gam FeS v 3,4 gam FeS2
b. Th tch kh NO (ktc) thu c l
A. 1,12 lt B. 2,24 lt C. 3,36 lt D. 6,72 lt
c. Nng mol ca dung dch HNO3 dng l
A. 1 M B. 1,5 M C. 2 M D. 0,5 M
Hng dn gii. Bi ny Do c FeS v FeS2 => tc dng vi HNO3=> hn hp phi c H2SO4 => tc
dng vi Ba(OH)2 => kt ta BaSO4
Ngoi ra cn c Fe(OH)3 kt ta. Fe(OH)3 nung nng =>Fe2O3

a. p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng i vi nguyn t Fe v S

Ta c : x mol FeS v y mol FeS2
(Phi nh: Cho a mol AxBy => nA = a.x , nB = a.y)
=>nFe = x + y mol (BT nguyn t Fe trong FeS v FeS2)
=>nS = x + 2y mol (BT nguyn t S trong FeS v FeS2)
Dng phng php s chuyn Ha hc chuyn sau (BT nguyn t )
2Fe =>Fe2O3
x+y => 0,5(x+y)
S =>BaSO4
x+2y => x+ 2y
=> 0,5(x+y) mol Fe2O3 v (x+2y) mol BaSO4
Ta c PT : mFeS + mFeS2 = 88x + 120y = 8 (I)
mFe2O3 + mBaSO4 = m cht rn = 160.0,5(x+y) + 233(x+2y) = 32,03(II)
Gii h c x = 0,05 v y = 0,03
Khi lng ca FeS = 88.x = 88.0,05 = 4,4 gam
Khi lng ca FeS2 : 8 - 4,4 = 3,6 gam. =>p n B.
( PHng php quy i)Ch cho mi ngi thm 1 cch na
Quy i hn hp (FeS v FeS2 v Fe v S) Gi x,y ln lt l s mol Fe vS
=>m hn hp = mFe + mS = 56x + 32y = 8 g
Tng t phn trn nFe2O3 = 0,5x mol , nBaSO4 = y mol
=> m cht rn = nFe2O3 + nBaSO4 = 80x + 233y = 32,03
Gii h ra x = 0,08 mol , y = 0,11 mol
=> gii h nFe = x + y = 0,08 mol ( tng s mol Fe trong FeS v FeS2)
nS = x +2y = 0,11 (Tng s mol S trong FeS v FeS2)
Tm c x = 0,05 mol => mFeS = 0,05.88 ( nh phn trn)
b. p dng nh lut bo ton electron
FeS - 9e=> Fe+3 + S+6
0,05 ..0,45 (mol)
FeS2 - 15e => Fe+3 + 2S+6
0,03 0,45 (mol)
NO3- + 3e => NO
3x <= x (mol)
3x = 0,45 + 0,45 , x = 0,3 (mol). VNO = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72 (lit)
p n D
c. nFe3+=x +y = 0, 08 mol(Fe => Fe(NO3)3) . lm kt ta ht lng Fe3+ cn 0,24 mol OH- (Fe(3+) +
3OH- => Fe(OH)3 )
hay 0,12 mol Ba(OH)2
Kt ta (x + 2y) = 0,11 mol SO4( 2-) cn 0,11 mol Ba(2+)
(Ba2+ (SO4(2-) +Ba(2+) =>BaSO4) hay 0,11 mol Ba(OH)2 S mol Ba(OH)2 dng = 0,12 + 0,11 = 0,23
< 0,25
Cn : 0,25 - 0,23 = 0,02 mol Ba(OH)2 trung ho vi 0,04 mol HNO3 d
nHNO3(p)=nNO-3+ nNO+ nHNO3 (d) = 0, 08.3 + 0,3 +0,04= 0,58(mol)
(Phi nh: nHNO3 = n(NO3-) + n h s Nito trong kh VD N2O => 2nN do c 2 h s N i vi bi ton cho
KL tc dng HNO3 sinh chtoxiha (NO)
=>CM HNO3 = 0,58/0,29 = 2M =>p n C
Bi 13. Thi 8,96 lt CO (ktc) qua 16 gam FexOy nung nng. Dn ton b lng kh sau phn ng qua
dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thy to ra 30 gam kt ta. Khi lng st thu c l
A. 9,2 gam B. 6,4 gam C. 9,6 gam D. 11,2 gam
Hng dn gii.
nCO = 8,96/22,4 = 0,4 mol
nCO2 = nCaCO3 = 30/100 = 0,3 mol
=>nCO>nCO2 => nCO d ,FexOy phn ng ht
=> nCO = nCO2 = 0,3 mol =mOxi (trong oxit)
=> moxit = mKl + moxi => mKL = 16 0,3.16 = 11,2 (g) =>p n D
Bi 14. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm vi 9,66 gam hn hp X gm FexOy v nhm, thu c hn hp
rn Y. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, thu c dung dch D, 0,672 lt kh (ktc) v cht khng tan
Z. Sc CO2 n d vo dung dch D lc kt ta v nung n khi lng khng i c 5,1 gam cht rn.
a. Khi lng ca FexOy v Al trong X ln lt l
A. 6,96 v 2,7 gam B. 5,04 v 4,62 gam
C. 2,52 v 7,14 gam D. 4,26 v 5,4 gam
Hng dn gii.Do to kh=> Al d
a. 2yAl + 3FexOy => yAl2O3 + 3xFe (1)
Al + NaOH + H2O => NaAlO2 + 3/2H2 (Nh h s 3/2 H2 nh)
0,02 ................................... 0,02 .......... 0,03 (2)
NaAlO2 + CO2 + 2H2O => Al(OH)3 + NaHCO3(3)
(Ch to ra NaHCO3 thi ko to ra Na2CO3 da vo k bazo)
2Al(OH)3 => Al2O3 + 3H2O (4)
Nhn xt : Tt c lng Al ban u u chuyn ht v Al2O3 (4).

2Al=> Al2O3 (Bo ton nguyn tt Al) m cht rn l m Al2O3

2nAl = nAl2O3 => nAl = 2.5,1/102 = 0,1 mol
mAl = 2,7 g => mFexOy = 9,66 -2,7 = 6,96 g =>p n A
(bi tp dng ny s dy phn sau dng phng php s chuyn Ha => 2Al=> Al2O3 (khng phi
vit PT)
Bi 15. Kh hon ton 32 gam hn hp CuO v Fe2O3 bng kh H2 thy to ra 9 gam H2O. Khi lng hn
hp kim loi thu c l:
A. 12 gam B. 16 gam C. 24 gam D. 26 gam
Hng dn gii. V H2 ly oxi ca oxit kim loi =>H2O
nOxi(trong oxit) =nOxi(trong H2O) = 9/18 = 0,5 mol
mO= 0,5.16 = 8 gam => mKim loi = 32 - 8 = 24 (g) =>p n C
Bi 16. Thi mt lung kh CO d i qua ng ng hn hp 2 oxit Fe3O4 v CuO nung nng n khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton thu c 2,32 gam hn hp kim loi. Kh thot ra c a vo bnh ng dung dch
Ca(OH)2 d thy c 5 gam kt ta trng. Khi lng hn hp 2 oxit kim loi ban u l
A. 3,12 gam B. 3,21 gam C. 4 gam D. 4,2 gam
Hng dn gii. nOxi =nCO = nCO2 = 5/100 = 0,05 mol
=> moxit = mKl + moxi(trong oxit) = 2,32 + 0,05.16 = 3,12 (g).=>p n A

Bi tp:
Bi 1: Oxi ha hon ton 14,3 g hn hp bt cc KL Mg, Al, Zn bng oxi thu c 22,4 g hn hp oxit. Cho
lng oxit ny tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl th khi lng mui to ra l :
A. 36,6 g B. 32,05 g C. 49,8g D.48,9 g
Bi 2: Cho 5,1 g hn hp Al v Mg tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 2,8 lt kh(dktc). C cn dung
dch thu c mui khan c khi lng l:
A. 14,125 g B. 13,975 g C. 13,575 g D.14,525 g
Bi 3:Cho 2,52 g mt KL tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long to ra 6,84 g mui sunfat.Kl l:
A. Mg B.Fe C.Cr D.Mn
Bi 4: Thi mt lung CO d qua ng s ng hn hp Fe3O4 v CuO nung nng n phn ng hon ton,
ta thu c 2,32 g hn hp Kl. Kh thot ra cho vo bnh ng nc vi trong d thy c 5 g kt ta trng.
Khi lng hn hp 2 oxti KL ban u l:
A. 3,12 g B.3,22g C.4g D.4,2 g
Bi 5: Trng 5,4 g Al vi 7,2 g Fe2O3 ri nung nng thc hin phn ng nhit nhm. Sau phn ng thu
c m g hn hp cht rn. Gi tr m l:
A.8,02g B. 9,02 g C.12,6g D.11,2 g
Bi 6: Cho 2,52 g mt Kl tc dng vi dung dch HCl d to ra 9,975g mui.Kl l:
A.Mg B.Fe C.Ca D.Al
Gi ( PT Kl + nH+ => Kln+ + n/2H2 tm c molHCl => nKl bin lun ra p n)
Bi 7: t chy hon ton 16,8 g Fe trong kh O2 cn va 4,48 lt O2(dktc) to thnh mt oxit st. Cng
thc phn t oxit l:
A.FeO B.Fe2O3 C.Fe3O4 D.Khng xc nh
Bi 8:Kh hon ton 6,64 g hn hp gm Fe,FeO,Fe2O3,Fe3O4 cn dng 2,24 lt CO(dktc).Khi lng Fe thu
c l:
A.5,04 g B.5,4 g C.5,05g D.5,06 g
Bi 9:Kh hon ton 6,4 g hn hp CuO v Fe2O3 bng kh H2 thy to ra 1,8 g H2O. Khi lng Kl thu
c l:
A.4,5 g B.4,8g C.4,9g D.5,2 g
Bi 10: Kh 16 g Fe2O3 bng kh CO d, sn phm kh thu c cho i vo bnh ng Ca(OH)2 d thu c
a g kt ta.Gi tr ca a l:
A.10g B.20g C.30g D.40g
(Gii bi ny ng vit PT ra nh )
Bi 11.Ha tan 5 gam hh(Mg v Fe) vo dd HCl d thu c 1 gam kh H2.C cn dd thu c bao nhiu
gam mui khan ?
A.30,5 g B.40,5 g C.50,5 g D.60,5 g
Bi 12: Cho 17,7 gam hn hp Zn v Mg tc dng ht vi dung dch axit HCl 0.1M thu c 0,6 gam kh v
dung dch X.
a) C cn dung dch X th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
A.37g B.38g C.39g D.40g
b) Tnh th tch dung dch HCl cn dng?
A.4M B.5M C.6M D.7M
Bi 13: Cho 29 gam hn hp gm Mg, Zn, Fe tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl long thy sinh ra V lit kh H2
(ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 85,8 gam mui khan. Gi tr V l:
A.13,44 lt B.17,92 lt C.22,4 lt D.26,88 lt
Bi 14: Cho 3,2 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3 v CuO tc dng va vi 1lit dung dch HCl 0.1M. Khi lng
mui clorua to ra l bao nhiu?
A.5.95 g B.6,95 g C.7,95g D.8,95 g
Bi 15: Cho 40 g hn hp Al,Cu cha 27% Al tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d th th tch H2 (dktc) sinh ra

l:
A.13,44 lt B.3,36 lt C.4,48 lt D,8,96 lt
Bi cui lm c c thng y:
Bi 16.Cho 32 g hn hp gm Cu v Fe3O4 tc dng hon ton vi HCl (d).Sau phn ng thu c 16 g
cht rn khng tan. Tnh thnh phn % hn hp ban u.

pn:1/C,2/B,3/B,4/A,5/C,6/A,7/C,8/A,9/B,10/C,11/B,12/a/C,b/C,13/B,
14/A,15/A