Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CC DNG BI TP V NGUYN T
Dng 1: Xc nh cc yu t ca nguyn t
Phng php
Bi tp vn dng
Ha hc lp 8 2
CC DNG BI TP V NGUYN T
Ha hc lp 8 3
CC DNG BI TP V NGUYN T
Ha hc lp 8 4
CC DNG BI TP V NGUYN T
Bi tp vn dng
Bi 1
Hy v m hnh nguyn t ca:
a) nguyn t oxi c 8 electron.
b) nguyn t neon c 2 lp electron, lp ngoi cng c 8 electron.
c) nguyn t Kali c lp th 4 c 1 electron ngoi cng.
Bi 2
Hy v m hnh nguyn t photpho bit s khi l 31 v c 16 ntron.
Hng dn
Bi 1
b) Neon c lp ngoi cng 8 electron, c 2 lp, tc l lp 2 c 8 e, vy lp 1 c 2e. Tng
cng neon c bao nhiu proton? V hnh.
c) Tng t cch suy ngh nh trn.
Lp 4 c 1 e c ? lp xc nh v v electron tng lp xc nh tng s p in
k hiu vo nhn.
Bi 2 Nh li cng thc tnh s khi tnh c s p v m hnh.
Ha hc lp 8 5
CC DNG BI TP V NGUYN T
V d 1:
Nguyn t Nhm c in tch ht nhn l 13+. Trong nguyn t nhm, s ht mang in
nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 12 ht. Hy cho bit s khi ca nhm.
Hng dn:
S ht mang in (p + e) nhiu hn s ht khng mang in (n) l 12. Tc l (p+e) n = 12.
Gii:
13+ p = 13 (1)
(p+e) n = 12
M p = e 2 p n = 12 (2)
Th (1) vo (2) 2 . 13 n = 12
n = 26 - 12 = 14
S khi A = p + n = 13 + 14 = 27.
V d 2:
Bit nguyn t Y c tng s ht l 21. S ht khng mang in chim 33,33%. Xc nh cu
to ca nguyn t Y.
Hng dn:
Ha hc lp 8 6
CC DNG BI TP V NGUYN T
Gii:
Bi tp vn dng
Bi 1. Nguyn t Z c tng s ht l 52, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng
mang in l 16. Tnh s ht tng loi.
S: p = e = 17; n = 18
Bi 2. Nguyn t A c tng s ht l 28. S ht khng mang in chim 35,7%. Hy tnh s
p, n , e.
S: p = e = 9; n = 10
Bi 3. Nguyn t St c in tch ht nhn l 26+. Trong nguyn t, s ht mang in nhiu
hn s ht khng mang in l 22. Hy xc nh s khi ca nguyn t St.
S: A = 56
Bi 4. Nguyn t M c s ntron nhiu hn s proton l 1 v s ht mang in nhiu hn s
ht khng mang in l 10. Xc nh cu to nguyn t. D sgk/42, M l nguyn t no?
S: p = e =11; n = 12; M l Na.
Bi 5. Tng s ht trong nguyn t l 28, trong s ht khng mang in chim xp x 35
%. Tnh s ht mi loi. V s cu to nguyn t.
S: p = e = 9; n = 10.
Bi 6. Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t A c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 48, trong
s ht mang in gp hai ln s ht khng mang in. Tnh s ht mi loi.
S: p = e = n = 16
Bi 7. Nguyn t X c tng s proton, ntron, electron l 116 trong s ht mang in
nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 24. Xc nh s ht tng loi.
S: p = e = 35; n = 46
Bi 8. Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong 2 nguyn t kim loi A v B l 142 trong
s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 42, s ht mang in ca B nhiu
Ha hc lp 8 7
CC DNG BI TP V NGUYN T
Bi 8