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Recall
x InputSignals
y = S(x) OutputSignals
InputSignals
u = (e,l,l,e,e, )
10Evans
5
y = (6,5,4,5,6, )
where
u Speeds
y=S(u) Positions
y(0)
initial position
Speeds = [[0,5] Reals], Positions = [[0,5] Reals]
How do you give S?
Sounds
KeypadSequences
DTMF
DTMF: [Nats KeypadSymbols] [Time Pressure]
Interconnecting Systems:
Block Diagrams
v1
Voice
Microphone
MicOutput
Volume
AGC
AGCSound Volume
Sensor
v2
v1 = Microphone (u)
s = AGC (v1, v2)
v2 = VolumeSensor(s)
y = v2
4 equations
4 unknowns
Output
x InputSignals
Recognizer
0/f
x InputSignals
init
1/f
x = (0,
1, 0,
s = (init, a, init,
y = (f,
f,
f,
0/f
1/f
1/f
0,
a,
f,
yOutputSignals
0/t
0,
b,
t,
0,
b,
t,
1, 1, )
b, init, )
f, f, )
s(0) = init
(s(n+1), y(n)) = update (s(n), x(n)), n = 0,1,
{0}/f
x[Nats0 {0,1,2}]
guard
init
{1,2}/f
x = (0,
2, 0,
s = (init, a, init,
y = (f,
f,
f,
a
{1,2}/f
{1,2}/f
{0}/f
y[Nats0 {t,f}]
{0}/t
0, 0, 0, 1, 2, )
a, b, b, b, init, )
f, f, t, t, f, )
s(0) = init
(s(n+1), y(n)) = update (s(n), x(n)), n = 0,1,
init
{1,2}/f
x[Nats0 {0,1,2}]
{0}/f
1,2
{1,2}/f
0
{1,2}/f
{1,2}/f
{0}/f
00
y[Nats0 {t,f}]
{0}/t
For Recognizer
States = {init, a, b}
Inputs = {0,1}
Outputs = {t, f}
initialState = init
update: States x Inputs States x Outputs
is given by:
update(init, 0) = (0, f)
update(init, 1) = (init, f)
current current
state
input
next
state
(s(n+1), y(n)) =
update(s(n), x(n))
current
output
For Recognizer
InputSignals = [Nats0 {0,1}]
OutputSignals = [Nats0 {t,f}]
The input-output function (system) is F:
x InputSignals, n Nats0
y(n) = F(x)(n) = t, if (x(n-2), x(n-1)), x(0)) = (0,0,0)
= f, else
Stuttering
A modified Recognizer
0/abs
x InputSignals
init
1/abs
a
1/abs
1/abs
0/abs
yOutputSignals
0/t
x = (0,
1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, )
s = (init, a, init, a, b, b, b, init, )
y = (abs, abs, abs, abs, t, t, abs, abs, )
{0}/abs
x[Nats0
{0,1,2, absent}]
init
else
a
else
else
{0}/abs
y[Nats0
{t,absent}]
0/t
{0}/abs
x[Nats0
{0,1,2, absent}]
init
else
a
else
else
{0}/abs
y[Nats0
{t,absent}]
0/t
{0}/abs
x[Nats0
{0,1,2, absent}]
init
else
a
else
else
{0}/abs
y[Nats0
{t,absent}]
0/t
Tabular Representation
init
(a, f)
(init, f)
(init, abs)
(b, f)
(init, f)
(a, abs)
(b, t)
(init, f)
(b, abs)
Parking meter
{tick, coin5,
coin25, absent}
60-min
Parking meter
{coin25}/safe
{tick}/
expired
{coin5}/safe
{tick}/expired
{safe, expired,
absent}
{coin25}/safe
{coin5}/safe
...
{tick}/safe
{coin5} {coin25}/
/safe
safe
{coin5}/
safe
...
25
...
{tick}/safe
topics/state/parking meter
60
{tick}/safe
{coin5,
coin25}/
safe
Answering machine
topics/state/answering machine
table