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Cu 12:Mc ch ca qu trnh gia cng b mt trc khi m? qu trnh

ty r thng dng cc loi dung dch no? c im ca cc dung dch?
Mc ch ca qu trnh gia cng b mt trc khi m:
Gia cng c hc l qu trnh gip cho b mt vt m c ng u v nhn cao,
gip cho lp m bm chc v p.
Ty du m: B mt kim loi sau nhiu cng on sn xut c kh, thng dnh du
m, d rt mng cng lm cho b mt tr nn k nc, khng tip xc c
vi dung dch ty, dung dch m.
Ty g: b mt kim loi nn thng ph mt lp oxit dy, gi l g, lm cho kim loai
khng tip xc c vi dung dch m.
Ty bng in ha cho bng cao hn gia cng c hc. lp m trn n gn bm
tt, tinh th nh, t l thng v to ra tnh cht quang hc c bit
Ty nh hay cn gi l hot ha b mt, nhm ly i lp oxit rt mng, khng nhn
thy c, c hnh thnh trong qu trnh gia cng ngay trc khi m. khi ty nh
xong, cu trc tinh th ca nn b l ra, gn bm s tng ln.
Qu trnh ty r thng dng cc loi dung dch, c im:
B mt kim loi en dng HCl v H2SO4 vi nng khc nhau:
B mt kim loi en thng ph lp oxit dy gm FeO, Fe 2O3, Fe3O4 v cc iroxit
ca st hai st ba. Ty g st thng dng dung dch axit HCl, H 2SO4 hoc hn hp
ca chng. Khi ty thng ng thi sy ra hai qu trnh ha tan oxit v ha tan st
nn. HCl ha tan oxit l chnh. H2SO4 ha tan st nn l chnh v cho kh H2 thot ra
lm bong mng oxit.\
Cc p sy ra khi ty g bng HCl:

Ty bng HCl nhanh hn, cho b mt trng hn. Nng tt nht l 150 200g/l v
ty di nhit 4000C. nng v nhit cao hn s c mi kh chu v st nn
n mn nhiu hn.
Ty bng H2SO4 s nhanh nu tng nhit dung dch. Sau ty phi lm sch mn
en trn b mt vt ty. tt nht dng nng 80 120g/l nhit 50 7000C.
hn ch ha tan kim loi nn trong ty, ngy nay ngi ta thng dng thm cc
ph gia c bn cht l cc cht c ch.
Kim loi mu: dung ax hoc dung dch kim ph hp:
Al v hp kim Al ty bng NaOH hoc hn hp HF v HNO3.
Zn v Cd ty bng HCl hoc H2SO4 (50 200g/l).
pb bng HNO3 (50 100g/l)
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Sn bng HCl (50 100g/l)

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Nguyn nhn:
Do ha cht, nc khng sch.
Do anot khi ha tan to mn.
Do n mn thit b.
Do vt m em vo.
Do pH khng ng.
Khc phc:
Ngn chn ngay t u.
Nu l chc th dng KmnO4, H2O2 oxi ha n hoc dng than hot tnh hp ph.
C cation l c in tch dng hn so vi cation kim loi m th dng dng in
kh hoc cho mt kim loi c in th m hc vo loi boe hoc iu chnh pH
gim.
Vi cc hc khng tan phi loi khi dung dch.

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14. c im lp m Ni? c im qu trnh m Ni? Trong dung dch m

Ni c bn c nhng thnh phn no, tc dng v nh hng ti lp m?

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15. c im lp m crm? c im qu trnh m crm? Trong dung

dch m crm sunfat c thnh phn no tc dng ca chng? Trnh by c
ch phng in ca crom vi xc tc l SO42-.

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