TCVN

TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 8819 : 2011

Xut bn ln 1

MT NG B TNG NHA NNGYU CU THI CNG V NGHIM THU

Specification for Construction of Hot Mix Asphalt
Concrete Pavement and Acceptance

H NI 2011

TCVN 8819 : 2011

Mc lc

1 Phm vi p dng...........................................................................................................................5
2 Ti liu vin dn............................................................................................................................5
3
Thut
ng
v
ngha.............................................................................................................................7
4
Phn
loi
v
cc
ch
tiu
nha..........................................................7
5
Yu
cu
v
cht
lng
.................................................................10

k
vt

thut
liu

yu
ch

nh

cu
to

vi
b

b
tng

tng
nha

6 Thit k hn hp b tng nha...................................................................................................13

7 Sn xut hn hp b tng nha ti trm trn..............................................................................14
8 Thi cng lp b tng nha..........................................................................................................16
9
Cng
tc
gim
st,
kim
nha......................................................21

tra

nghim

thu

lp

tng

10 An ton lao ng v bo v mi trng.....................................................................................25

Ph lc A (quy nh). Hng dn thit k hn hp b tng nha....................................................27
Ph lc B (tham kho). Hng dn chuyn i kch c sng trong phng th nghim sang kch c
sng ti trm trn............................................................................................................................30

TCVN 8819 : 2011

Li ni u

TCVN 8819 : 2011 c chuyn i t 22 TCN 249-98 theo quy nh ti khon

1 iu 69 ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut v im a khon 1 khon
1 iu 7 Ngh nh s 127/2007/N-CP ngy 1/8/2008 ca Chnh ph quy nh
chi tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut.
TCVN 8819 : 2011 do Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Giao thng Vn ti bin
son, B Giao thng Vn ti ngh, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng cht lng
thm nh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh Cng b.

TCVN 8819 : 2011

TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 8819 : 2011

Mt ng b tng nha nng- Yu cu thi cng v nghim thu

Specification for Construction of Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete Pavement and Acceptance

1 Phm vi p dng
1.1 Tiu chun ny quy nh nhng yu cu k thut v vt liu, cng ngh ch to hn hp, cng
ngh thi cng, kim tra, gim st v nghim thu cc lp mt ng b tng nha (b tng t phan)
theo phng php trn nng ri nng.
1.2 Tiu chun ny p dng cho vic lm mi, sa cha, nng cp mt ng t, ng ph,
bn bi, qung trng.
1.3 Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho b tng nha s dng nha ng c cht ph gia ci
thin, b tng nha c, b tng nha c tnh nng c bit (lp ph b tng nha mng c
nhm cao, b tng nha rng thot nc c nhm cao, Stone Matrix Asphalt).

2 Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau rt cn thit cho vic p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin dn
ghi nm ban hnh th p dng bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi nm ban hnh
th p dng phin bn mi nht, bao gm c cc sa i (nu c).
TCVN 7572-2: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th- Phn 2: Xc nh thnh phn ht.
TCVN 7572-7: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th- Phn 7: Xc nh m.
TCVN 7572- 8: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th-Phn 8: Xc nh hm lng bn,
bi, st trong ct liu v hm lng st cc trong ct liu nh.
TCVN 7572-10: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th-Phn 10: Xc nh cng v
h s ha mm ca gc.
TCVN 7572-11: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th-Phn 11: Xc nh nn dp v
h s ha mm ca ct liu ln.
TCVN 7572-12: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th-Phn 12: Xc nh hao mn khi
va p ca ct liu ln trong my Los Angeles.
TCVN 7572-13: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th-Phn 13: Xc nh hm lng ht
thoi dt trong ct liu ln.
TCVN 7572-17: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th-Phn 17: Xc nh hm lng ht
mm yu, phong ha.
TCVN 7572-18: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th-Phn 18: Xc nh hm lng ht
5

TCVN 8819 : 2011

b p v.
TCVN 4197-1995 t xy dng-Phng php xc nh gii hn chy v gii hn do trong phng
th nghim.
TCVN 7493: 2005 Bitum-Yu cu k thut.
TCVN 7494: 2005 Bitum-Phng php ly mu.
TCVN 7495:2005 Bitum- Phng php xc nh kim ln.
TCVN 7496:2005 Bitum- Phng php xc nh ko di.
TCVN 7497: 2005 Bitum- Phng php xc nh im ha mm (dng c vng-v-bi).
TCVN 7498:2005 Bitum- Phng php th nghim im chp chy v im chy bng thit b cc
h Cleveland.
TCVN 7499:2005 Bitum- Phng php xc nh tn tht khi lng sau khi gia nhit.
TCVN 7500:2005 Bitum- Phng php xc nh ha tan trong tricloetylen.
TCVN 7501:2005 Bitum- Phng php xc nh khi lng ring (phng php Picnometer).
TCVN 7503:2005 Bitum- Xc nh hm lng paraphin bng phng php chng ct.
TCVN 7504: 2005 Bitum-Phng php xc nh dnh bm vi .
TCVN 8860-1: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 1: Xc nh n nh, do
Marshall.
TCVN 8860-4: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 4: Xc nh t trng ri ln nht, khi
lng ring ca b tng nha trng thi ri.
TCVN 8860-5: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 5: Xc nh t trng khi, khi lng
th tch ca b tng nha m nn.
TCVN 8860-7: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 7: Xc nh gc cnh ca ct.
TCVN 8860-8: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 8: Xc nh h s cht lu ln.
TCVN 8860-9: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 9: Xc nh rng d.
TCVN 8860-10: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 10: Xc nh rng ct liu.
TCVN 8860-12: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 12: Xc nh n nh cn li ca b
tng nha.
TCVN 8820:2011 Hn hp b tng nha nng-Thit k theo phng php Marshall.
TCVN 8864: 2011 Mt ng t- Xc nh bng phng mt ng bng thc di 3,0 mt.
TCVN 8865: 2011 Mt ng t- Phng php o v nh gi xc nh bng phng theo ch
s g gh quc t IRI.
TCVN 8866:2011 Mt ng t-Xc nh nhm mt ng bng phng php rc ct-Th
nghim.
6

TCVN 8819 : 2011

TCVN 8817-1:2011 Nh tng nha ng axit- Phn 1-Yu cu k thut.
TCVN 8818-1:2011 Nha ng lng- Phn 1-Yu cu k thut.
AASHTO T 176 Standard Method of Test for Plastic Fines in Graded Aggregates and Soils by Use
of the Sand Equivalent Test (Phng php xc nh h s ng lng ct ES ca t v ct
liu).
AASHTO T 324-04 Standard Method of Test for Hamburg Wheel-Track Testing of Compacted HotMix Asphalt (HMA) (Phng php xc nh hn ln vt bnh xe ca mu b tng nha nng
m nn bng thit b Hamburg Wheel-Track).

3 Thut ng v nh ngha
Trong tiu chun ny p dng cc thut ng sau:
3.1 Mt ng b tng nha nng (Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete Pavement )
Mt ng (bao gm 1 lp hoc 1 s lp c chiu dy quy nh) c ch to t hn hp b tng
nha nng.
3.2 Hn hp b tng nha nng (Hot Mix Asphalt-HMA )
Hn hp bao gm cc ct liu ( dm, ct, bt khong) c t l phi trn xc nh, c sy nng
v trn u vi nhau, sau c trn vi nha ng theo t l xc nh qua thit k. Hn hp
b tng nha nng c ch to ti trm trn.
3.3 C ht ln nht (Maximum Size of Aggregate)
C sng nh nht m lng lt qua c sng l 100%.
Tiu chun ny s dng h sng mt vung ASTM th nghim thnh phn ht ct liu v biu
th ng cong cp phi theo kch c ht ct liu.
3.4 C ht ln nht danh nh (Nominal Maximum Size of Aggregate)
C sng ln nht m lng st ring bit trn c sng khng ln hn 10%.
3.5 Hm lng nha (Asphalt Content)
Lng nha ng trong hn hp b tng nha, tnh theo phn trm ca khi lng hn hp b
tng nha (bao gm ct liu dm, ct, bt khong, nha ng).
3.6 Hm lng nha ti u (Optimum Asphalt Content)
Hm lng nha c xc nh khi thit k b tng nha, ng vi mt t l phi trn ct liu
chn, v tha mn tt c cc yu cu k thut quy nh vi ct liu v b tng nha c ch ra ti
Tiu chun ny.
3.7 rng d (Air Voids)
Tng th tch ca tt c cc bt kh nh nm gia cc ht ct liu c bc nha trong hn
hp b tng nha m nn. rng d c biu th bng phn trm ca th tch mu hn
hp b tng nha m nn.
3.8 rng ct liu (Voids in The Mineral Aggregate)

TCVN 8819 : 2011

Th tch ca khong trng gia cc ht ct liu ca hn hp BTN m nn, th tch ny bao
gm rng d v th tch nha c hiu. rng ct liu c biu th bng phn trm ca th
tch mu hn hp b tng nha m nn.

4 Phn loi v cc ch tiu k thut yu cu vi b tng nha

4.1 Phn loi b tng nha:
4.1.1 Theo rng d, b tng nha c phn ra 2 loi:
B tng nha cht (vit tt l BTNC): c rng d t 3% n 6%, dng lm lp mt trn v
lp mt di. Trong thnh phn hn hp bt buc phi c bt khong;
B tng nha rng (vit tt l BTNR): c rng d t 7% n 12% v ch dng lm lp mng.
4.1.2 Theo kch c ht ln nht danh nh ca b tng nha cht, c phn ra 4 loi:
B tng nha cht c c ht ln nht danh nh l 9,5 mm (v c ht ln nht l 12,5 mm), vit
tt l BTNC 9,5;
B tng nha cht c c ht ln nht danh nh l 12,5 mm (v c ht ln nht l 19 mm), vit
tt l BTNC 12,5;
B tng nha cht c c ht ln nht danh nh l 19 mm (v c ht ln nht l 25 mm), vit
tt l BTNC 19;
B tng nha ct, c c ht ln nht danh nh l 4,75 mm (v c ht ln nht l 9,5 mm), vit
tt l BTNC 4,75.
Gii hn v thnh phn cp phi hn hp ct liu (th nghim theo TCVN 7572-2: 2006) v
phm vi p dng ca cc loi BTNC quy nh ti Bng 1.
Bng 1 - Cp phi hn hp ct liu b tng nha cht (BTNC)
Quy nh
1. C ht ln nht danh nh, mm

BTNC 9,5

BTNC 12,5

BTNC 19

BTNC 4,75

9,5

12,5

19

4,75

2. C sng mt vung, mm

Lng lt qua sng, % khi lng

25

100

19

100

90100

12,5

100

90100

7186

9,5

90100

7489

5878

100

4,75

5580

4871

3661

80100

2,36

3663

3055

2545

6582

1,18

2545

2140

1733

4565

0,600

1733

1531

1225

3050

0,300

1225

1122

817

2036

0,150

917

815

612

1525

0,075

610

610

58

812

TCVN 8819 : 2011

Quy nh

BTNC 9,5

BTNC 12,5

BTNC 19

BTNC 4,75

3. Hm lng nha ng tham

kho, % khi lng hn hp b tng
nha

5,26,2

5,06,0

4,85,8

6,07,5

4. Chiu dy lp b tng nha hp

l (sau khi lu ln), cm

45

57

68

35

Lp mt trn

Lp mt trn
hoc lp mt
di

Lp mt di

Va h, ln
dnh cho xe
p, xe th s

5. Phm vi nn p dng

4.1.3 Theo kch c ht ln nht danh nh vi b tng nha rng, c phn thnh 3 loi:
B tng nha rng c c ht ln nht danh nh l 19 mm (v c ht ln nht l 25 mm), vit
tt l BTNR 19;
B tng nha rng c c ht ln nht danh nh l 25 mm (v c ht ln nht l 31,5 mm), vit
tt l BTNR 25;
B tng nha rng c c ht ln nht danh nh l 37,5 mm (v c ht ln nht l 50 mm), vit
tt l BTNR 37,5.
Gii hn v thnh phn cp phi hn hp ct liu (th nghim theo TCVN 7572-2: 2006) v
phm vi p dng ca cc loi BTNR quy nh ti Bng 2.
Bng 2 - Cp phi hn hp ct liu b tng nha rng (BTNR)
Quy nh
1. C ht ln nht danh nh, mm

BTNR 19

BTNR 25

BTNR 37,5

19

25

37,5

2. C sng mt vung, mm

Lng lt qua sng, % khi lng

50

100

37,5

100

90100

25

100

90100

19

90100

4070

12,5

4070

9,5

4070

1848

4,75

1539

1034

629

2,36

218

117

014

1,18

0,600

010

010

08

0,300

0,150

0,075

3. Hm lng nha ng tham kho,

% khi lng hn hp b tng nha

4,05,0

3,54,5

3,04,0

4. Chiu dy lp b tng nha hp l

810

1012

1216

TCVN 8819 : 2011

Quy nh

BTNR 19

BTNR 25

BTNR 37,5

Lp mng trn

Lp mng

Lp mng

(sau khi lu ln), cm

5. Phm vi nn p dng

4.2 Cp phi hn hp ct liu ca BTNC v BTNR khi thit k phi nm trong gii hn quy nh
tng ng ti Bng 1 v Bng 2. ng cong cp phi ct liu thit k phi u n, khng c
thay i t gii hn di ca mt c sng ln gii hn trn ca c sng k tip hoc ngc li.
4.3 Hm lng nha ng ti u ca BTNC v BTNR (tnh theo % khi lng hn hp b tng
nha) c chn trn c s thit k hn hp theo phng php Marshall, sao cho cc ch tiu k
thut ca mu b tng nha thit k tho mn cc ch tiu k thut yu cu ti Bng 3 i vi
BTNC v Bng 4 i vi BTNR. Trnh t thit k hn hp b tng nha theo phng php
Marshall theo hng dn ti TCVN 8820:2011 v ti Ph lc A.
Bng 3 - Cc ch tiu k thut yu cu vi b tng nha cht (BTNC)
Quy nh
Ch tiu

Phng php th

BTNC19;
BTNC12,5;
BTNC 9,5

BTNC 4,75

1. S chy m

75 x 2

50 x 2

2. n nh 600C, 40 pht, kN

8,0

5,5

3. do, mm

24

24

4. n nh cn li, %

75

75

TCVN 8860-12:2011

5. rng d, %

36

36

TCVN 8860-9:2011

17

TCVN 8860-10:2011

6. rng ct liu (tng ng vi

rng d 4%), %
-

C ht danh nh ln nht 9,5 mm

15

C ht danh nh ln nht 12,5

mm

14

C ht danh nh ln nht 19 mm

13

7(*). su vt hn bnh xe (phng

php
HWTD-Hamburg
Wheel
Tracking Device), 10000 chu k, p
lc 0,70 MPa, nhit 500 C, mm

TCVN 8860-1:2011

12,5

AASHTO T 324-04

(*): Ch kim tra i vi cc cng trnh c bit theo yu cu ca Ch u t. C th m to mu

theo phng php Marshall ci tin (TCVN 8860-1:2011).

Bng 4 - Cc ch tiu k thut yu cu vi b tng nha rng (BTNR)

Quy nh
Ch tiu
BTNR 19, BTNR 25
1. S chy m

10

50 x 2

BTNR 37,5
75 x 2

(*)

Phng php th

TCVN 8860-1:2011

TCVN 8819 : 2011

Quy nh
Ch tiu
BTNR 19, BTNR 25

BTNR 37,5

(*)

Phng php th

2. n nh 600C, 40 min, kN

5,5

12,5 (**)

3. do, mm

24

36

4. n nh cn li, %

65

65

TCVN 8860-12:2011

5. rng d, %

712

712

TCVN 8860-9:2011

(*)

: Th nghim theo phng php Marshall ci tin.

(**) :

Thi gian ngm mu l 60 pht.

5 Yu cu v cht lng vt liu ch to b tng nha

5.1 dm
5.1.1 dm c nghin t tng, ni. Khng c dng xay t mc n, sa thch
st, dip thch st.
5.1.2 Ring vi BTNR c dng cui si nghin v, nhng khng c qu 20% khi lng l
cui si gc silc.
5.1.3 Cc ch tiu c l ca dm dng cho b tng nha phi tho mn cc yu cu quy nh
ti Bng 5.
Bng 5 - Cc ch tiu c l quy nh cho dm
Cc ch tiu

Quy nh
BTNC
Lp mt trn

Phng php th
BTNR

Lp mt
di

Cc lp mng

1. Cng nn ca gc,
MPa

TCVN 7572-10: 2006

(cn c chng ch th
nghim kim tra ca
ni sn xut dm
s dng cho cng
trnh)

- mc ma, bin cht

100

80

80

- trm tch

80

60

60

2. hao mn khi va p trong

my Los Angeles, %

28

35

40

TCVN 7572-12 : 2006

3. Hm lng ht thoi dt (t l
1/3) (*), %

15

15

20

TCVN 7572-13 : 2006

4. Hm lng ht mm yu,
phong ho , %

10

15

15

TCVN 7572-17 : 2006

5. Hm lng ht cui si b p
v (t nht l 2 mt v), %

80

TCVN 7572-18 : 2006

6. nn dp ca cui si c
xay v, %

14

TCVN 7572-11 : 2006

7. Hm lng chung bi, bn, st,

%

TCVN 7572- 8 : 2006

0,25

0,25

0,25

TCVN 7572- 8 : 2006

8. Hm lng st cc, %

11

TCVN 8819 : 2011

Cc ch tiu

Quy nh
BTNC

Phng php th
BTNR

Lp mt trn

Lp mt
di

Cc lp mng

cp 3

cp 3

cp 3

9. dnh bm ca vi nha
(**)
ng , cp

TCVN 7504 : 2005

(*): S dng sng mt vung vi cc kch c 4,75 mm theo quy nh ti Bng 1, Bng 2 xc nh hm
lng thoi dt.
(**): Trng hp ngun dm d nh s dng ch to b tng nha c dnh bm vi nha ng
nh hn cp 3, cn thit phi xem xt cc gii php, hoc s dng cht ph gia tng kh nng dnh bm (xi
mng, vi, ph gia ha hc) hoc s dng dm t ngun khc m bo dnh bm. Vic la chn gii
php no do T vn gim st quyt nh.

5.2 Ct
5.2.1 Ct dng ch to b tng nha l ct thin nhin, ct xay, hoc hn hp ct thin nhin
v ct xay.
5.2.2 Ct thin nhin khng c ln tp cht hu c (g, than ...).
5.2.3 Ct xay phi c nghin t c cng nn khng nh hn cng nn ca
dng sn xut ra dm.
5.2.4 Ct s dng cho b tng nha ct (BTNC 4,75) phi c hm lng nm gia hai c sng
4,75 mm-1,18 mm khng di 18 %.
5.2.5 Cc ch tiu c l ca ct phi tho mn cc yu cu quy nh ti Bng 6.
Bng 6 - Cc ch tiu c l quy nh cho ct
Ch tiu
1. M un ln (MK)

Quy nh

Phng php th

TCVN 7572-2: 2006

2. H s ng lng ct (ES), %

AASHTO T176

- Ct thin nhin

80

- Ct xay

50

3. Hm lng chung bi, bn, st, %

4. Hm lng st cc, %

TCVN 7572- 8 : 2006

0,5

TCVN 7572- 8 : 2006

5. gc cnh ca ct ( rng ca ct
trng thi cha m nn), %

TCVN 8860-7:2011

- BTNC lm lp mt trn

43

- BTNC lm lp mt di

40

5.3 Bt khong
5.3.1 Bt khong l sn phm c nghin t cc b nt ( vi can xit, olomit ...), c cng
nn ca gc ln hn 20 MPa, t x baz ca l luyn kim hoc l xi mng.
5.3.2 cc b nt dng sn xut bt khong phi sch, khng ln cc tp cht hu c, hm
lng chung bi bn st khng qu 5%.
12

TCVN 8819 : 2011

5.3.3 Bt khong phi kh, ti, khng c vn hn.
5.3.4 Cc ch tiu c l ca bt khong phi tho mn cc yu cu quy nh ti Bng 7.
Bng 7 - Cc ch tiu c l quy nh cho bt khong
Ch tiu

Quy nh

1. Thnh phn ht (lng lt sng qua cc c

sng mt vung), %

Phng php th
TCVN 7572-2: 2006

- 0,600 mm

100

- 0,300 mm

95100

- 0,075 mm

70100

2. m, %

1,0

TCVN 7572-7: 2006

3. Ch s do ca bt khong nghin t cc b
nt, (*) %

4,0

TCVN 4197-1995

( ):

* Xc nh gii hn chy theo phng php Casagrande. S dng phn bt khong lt qua sng li
mt vung kch c 0,425 mm th nghim gii hn chy, gii hn do.

5.4 Nha ng (bitum)

5.4.1 Nha ng dng ch to b tng nha l loi nha ng c, gc du m tho mn
cc yu cu k thut quy nh ti TCVN 7493-2005. Tham kho Ph lc A ca TCVN 7493-2005
la chn loi nha ng thch hp lm b tng nha nng. Dng loi nha ng no do T
vn thit k quy nh.
5.4.2 Nha ng 60/70 rt thch hp ch to cc loi BTNC v BTNR. Nha ng 85/100
rt thch hp ch to BTNC 4,75.

6 Thit k hn hp b tng nha

6.1 Mc ch ca cng tc thit k l tm ra c t l phi hp cc loi vt liu khong (, ct,
bt khong) tho mn thnh phn cp phi hn hp b tng nha c quy nh cho mi loi
ti Bng 1, Bng 2 v tm ra c hm lng nha ng ti u tha mn cc ch tiu k thut
yu cu vi b tng nha ti Bng 3 v Bng 4.
6.2 Vic thit k hn hp b tng nha c tin hnh theo phng php Marshall.
6.3 Trnh t thit k hn hp b tng nha: Cng tc thit k hn hp b tng nha c tin
hnh theo 3 bc: thit k s b (Cold mix design), thit k hon chnh (Hot mix design) v xc lp
cng thc ch to hn hp b tng nha (Job mix formular). Trnh t thit k theo hng dn ti
TCVN 8820:2011 v ti Ph lc A.
6.3.1 Thit k s b: Mc ch ca cng tc thit k ny nhm xc nh s ph hp v cht lng
v thnh phn ht ca cc loi ct liu sn c ti ni thi cng, kh nng s dng nhng ct liu
ny sn xut ra b tng nha tha mn cc ch tiu quy nh vi hn hp b tng nha. S
dng vt liu ti khu vc tp kt vt liu ca trm trn thit k. Kt qu thit k s b l c s
nh hng cho thit k hon chnh.
6.3.2 Thit k hon chnh: Mc ch ca cng tc thit k ny nhm xc nh thnh phn cp phi
ca hn hp ct liu v hm lng nha ti u khi ct liu c sy nng. Tin hnh chy th
13

TCVN 8819 : 2011

trm trn trn c s s liu ca thit k s b. Ly mu ct liu ti cc phu d tr ct liu nng
thit k. Kt qu thit k hon chnh l c s quyt nh sn xut th hn hp b tng nha
v ri th lp b tng nha.
6.3.3 Xc lp cng thc ch to hn hp b tng nha: trn c s thit k hon chnh , tin hnh
cng tc ri th b tng nha. Trn c s kt qu sau khi ri th lp b tng nha, tin hnh cc
iu chnh (nu thy cn thit) a ra cng thc ch to hn hp b tng nha phc v thi
cng i tr lp b tng nha. Cng thc ch to hn hp b tng nha l c s cho ton b
cng tc tip theo: sn xut hn hp b tng nha ti trm trn, thi cng, ki m tra gim st cht
lng v nghim thu. Cng thc ch to hn hp b tng nha phi ch ra cc ni dung sau:
Ngun ct liu v nha ng dng cho hn hp b tng nha;
Kt qu th nghim cc ch tiu c l ca nha ng, ct liu dm, ct, bt khon g;
Thnh phn cp phi ca hn hp ct liu;
T l phi hp gia cc loi ct liu: dm, ct, bt ti phu ngui, phu nng;
Kt qu th nghim Marshall v hm lng nha ng ti u (tnh theo phn trm khi lng
ca hn hp b tng nha);
T trng ln nht b tng nha (l c s xc nh rng d);
Khi lng th tch ca mu b tng nha ng vi hm lng nha ng ti u (l c s
xc nh cht lu ln K);
Phng n thi cng ngoi hin trng nh: chiu dy lp b tng nha cha lu ln, s lu,
s lt lu trn 1 im, nhm mt ng...
6.4 Trong qu trnh thi cng, nu c bt c s thay i no v ngun vt liu u vo hoc c s
bin i ln v cht lng ca vt liu th phi lm li thit k hn hp b tng nha theo cc giai
on nu trn v xc nh li cng thc ch to hn hp b tng nha.
7 Sn xut hn hp b tng nha ti trm trn
7.1 Yu cu v mt bng, kho cha, khu vc tp kt vt liu
7.1.1 Ton b khu vc trm trn ch to hn hp b tng nha phi m bo v sinh mi trng,
thot nc tt, mt bng sch s gi cho vt liu c sch v kh ro.
7.1.2 Khu vc tp kt dm, ct ca trm trn phi rng, h cp liu cho trng sy ca my
trn cn c mi che ma. dm v ct phi c ngn cch khng ln sang nhau, khng s
dng vt liu b trn ln.
7.1.3 Kho cha bt khong: bt khong phi c kho cha ring, nn kho phi cao ro, m bo
bt khong khng b m hoc suy gim cht lng trong qu trnh lu tr.
7.1.4 Khu vc un, cha nha ng phi c mi che.
7.2 Yu cu trm trn: s dng trm trn kiu chu k hoc c th s dng trm trn lin tc
sn xut hn hp b tng nha. Yu cu i vi c 2 loi trm ny l phi c thit b iu khin, c
tnh nng k thut v cng sut ph hp, m bo v sinh mi trng, m bo kh nng sn
xut hn hp b tng nha n nh v cht lng vi dung sai cho php so vi cng thc ch to
hn hp b tng nha quy nh ti Bng 8. Ngoi ra, i vi mi loi trm, cn c thm 1 s yu
cu sau:
14

TCVN 8819 : 2011

7.2.1 Trm trn theo kiu chu k
7.2.1.1 H sng: cn iu chnh, b sung, thay i h sng ca trm trn cho ph hp vi tng
loi b tng nha c c ht ln nht danh nh khc nhau, sao cho ct liu sau khi sy s c
phn thnh cc nhm ht bo m cp phi hn hp ct liu tho mn cng thc ch to hn hp
b tng nha c xc lp. Kch c sng trong phng th nghim v kch c sng chuyn i
tng ng ca trm trn c tham kho ti Ph lc B.
7.2.2.2 H thng lc bi: Vic cho php bi trong h thng lc bi quay li thng trn sn xut
hn hp b tng nha do Ch u t quyt nh, tu theo cht lng ca loi bi ny. Bi thu hi
phi sch, ch s do phi 4.
Bng 8 - Dung sai cho php so vi cng thc ch to hn hp b tng nha
Ch tiu

Dung sai cho php (%)

1. Cp phi ht ct liu
Lng lt qua
sng tng ng
vi cc c sng,
mm

C ht ln nht (Dmax) ca loi b

tng nha

12,5 v ln hn

9,5 v 4,75

2,36 v 1,18

0,600 v 0,300

0,150 v 0,075

2. Hm lng nha ng (% theo tng khi lng hn hp)

0,2

7.2.2 Trm trn lin tc: do trm trn loi ny khng c h thng sng nn khng c phu cha
ct liu nng, v vy:
7.2.2.1 Cp phi ca ct liu ngui phi c kim tra thng xuyn, m bo tuyt i n nh.
7.2.2.2 H thng cn bng nh lng phi c kim tra thng xuyn, m bo tc cp ct
liu c duy tr n nh trong sut qu trnh sn xut.
7.3 Sn xut hn hp b tng nha
7.3.1 S cng ngh ch to hn hp b tng nha trong trm trn phi tun theo ng quy
nh trong bn hng dn k thut ca trm trn.
7.3.2 Vic sn xut hn hp b tng nha ti trm trn phi tun theo ng cng thc ch to
hn hp b tng nha c lp (quy nh ti 6.3.3).
7.3.3 Dung sai cho php ca cp phi ht ct liu v hm lng nha ng ca hn hp b
tng nha khi ra khi thng trn ti trm trn so vi cng thc ch to hn hp b tng nha
khng c vt qu gi tr quy nh ti Bng 8.
7.3.4 Hn hp b tng nha sn xut ra phi tha mn cc ch tiu k thut yu cu vi b tng
nha quy nh ti Bng 3 tng ng vi BTNC v Bng 4 tng ng vi BTNR.
7.3.5 Nhit nha ng khi nu s b nm trong phm vi 80-100oC bm n thit b nu
nha ng.
15

TCVN 8819 : 2011

7.3.6 Nhit nha ng khi chuyn ln thng ong ca my trn c chn tng ng vi
nht ca nha ng khong 0,2 Pa.s. Ty thuc vo mc nha ng, nhit ny thng
nm trong khong nhit quy nh khi trn hn hp trong thng trn (Bng 9).
7.3.7 Ch c cha nha ng trong phm vi 75%-80% dung tch thng nu nha ng trong
khi nu.
7.3.8 Phi cn s b cc c dm v ct thit b cp liu trc khi a vo trng sy, vi
dung sai cho php 5%.
7.3.9 Nhit ca ct liu khi ra khi trng sy cao hn nhit trn khng qu 15 oC. m ca
dm, ct khi ra khi trng sy phi nh hn 0,5%.
7.3.10 Bt khong dng ngui sau khi cn ong, c a trc tip vo thng trn.
7.3.11 Thi gian trn ct liu vi nha ng trong thng trn phi tun theo ng quy nh k
thut ca loi trm trn s dng v vi loi hn hp b tng nha sn xut, thng t ln hn 30
s n khng qu 60 s. Thi gian trn c iu chnh ph hp trn c s xem xt kt qu sn
xut th v ri th.
CH THCH 1:
Thi gian trn ct liu vi nha ng trong thng trn c quy nh l thi gian ngn nht tha mn yu
cu sau:
-

Khi trn cc loi BTN dng cho lp mt: c t nht 95% ht ct liu c nha ng bao bc hon
ton.

Khi trn cc loi BTN dng cho lp mng: c t nht 90% s ht ct liu c nha bao bc hon ton.

7.3.12 Nhit ca hn hp b tng nha tng ng vi cc cng on thi cng v nhit th

nghim Marshall theo quy nh ti Bng 9.
7.4 Cng tc th nghim kim tra cht lng hn hp b tng nha trm trn
7.4.1 Mi trm trn sn xut hn hp b tng nha phi c trang b y cc thit b th nghim
cn thit kim tra cht lng vt liu, cc ch tiu c l ca hn hp b tng nha ti trm trn.
7.4.2 Ni dung, mt th nghim kim tra cht lng vt liu, kim tra cht lng hn hp b
tng nha ti trm trn c quy nh ti 9.3. v 9.4.
7.4.3 Nu nhit hn hp b tng nha cao hn nhit ln nht quy nh cho cng on trn
hn hp trong thng trn, hoc cao hn nhit ln nht khi x hn hp vo thng xe t th phi
loi b (xem Bng 9).

8 Thi cng lp b tng nha

8.1 Phi hp cc cng vic trong qu trnh thi cng
8.1.1 Phi m bo nhp nhng hot ng ca trm trn, phng tin vn chuyn hn hp ra hin
trng, thit b ri v phng tin lu ln. Cn m bo nng sut trm trn b tng nha ph hp
vi nng sut ca my ri. Khi tng nng sut ca trm trn thp, cn b sung trm trn hoc t
hng mt s trm trn ln cn ni ri.
8.1.2 Khong cch gia cc trm trn v hin trng thi cng phi xem xt cn thn sao cho hn
hp b tng nha khi c vn chuyn n hin trng m bo nhit quy nh ti Bng 9.
Bng 9 - Nhit quy nh ca hn hp b tng nha tng ng vi giai on thi cng
16

TCVN 8819 : 2011

Giai on thi cng

Nhit quy nh tng ng vi mc

nha ng, 0C
40/50

60/70

85/100

1. Trn hn hp trong thng trn

155165

150160

145155

2. X hn hp vo thng xe t (hoc
phng tin vn chuyn khc)

145160

140155

135150

3. hn hp t xe t vo phu my ri

130

125

120

4. Bt u lu ln

125

120

115

5. Kt thc lu ln (lu ln khng hiu qu nu

nhit thp hn gi tr quy nh)

85

80

75

- Trn mu

155160

150155

145150

- m to mu

145150

140145

135140

6. Nhit th nghim to mu Marshall:

CH THCH:
Khong nhit lu ln b tng nha c hiu qu nht tng ng vi cc loi nha
ng:
-

Nha ng 40/50: 140OC115OC;

Nha ng 60/70: 135 OC110OC;

Nha ng 85/100: 130OC105OC.

8.2 Yu cu v iu kin thi cng

8.2.1 Ch c thi cng lp b tng nha khi nhit khng kh ln hn 15 0C. Khng c thi
cng khi tri ma hoc c th ma.
8.2.2 Cn m bo cng tc ri v lu ln c hon thin vo ban ngy. Trng hp c bit
phi thi cng vo ban m, phi c thit b chiu sng m bo cht lng v an ton trong
qu trnh thi cng v c T vn gim st chp thun.
8.3 Yu cu v on thi cng th
8.3.1 Trc khi thi cng i tr hoc khi s dng mt loi b tng nha khc, phi tin hnh thi
cng th mt on kim tra v xc nh cng ngh thi cng lm c s p dng cho thi cng i
tr. on thi cng th phi c chiu di ti thiu 100 m, chiu rng ti thiu 2 vt my ri. on thi
cng th c chn ngay trn cng trnh s thi cng i tr hoc trn cng trnh c tnh cht
tng t.
8.3.2 S liu thu c sau khi ri th s l c s chnh sa (nu c) v chp thun thi cng
i tr. Cc s liu chp thun bao gm:
-

Cng thc ch to hn hp b tng nha (theo 6.3.3);

17

TCVN 8819 : 2011

-

Phng n v cng ngh thi cng: loi vt liu ti dnh bm, hoc thm bm; t l ti dnh
bm, hoc thm bm; thi gian cho php ri lp b tng nha sau khi ti vt liu dnh bm
hoc thm bm; chiu dy ri lp b tng nha cha lu ln; nhit ri; nhit lu ln bt u
v kt thc; s lu ln ca cc loi lu khc nhau, s lt lu cn thit; cht lu ln; bng
phng; nhm b mt sau khi thi cng

8.3.3 Nu on thi cng th cha t c cht lng yu cu th phi lm mt on th khc,

vi s iu chnh li cng thc ch to hn hp b tng nha, cng ngh thi cng cho n khi t
c cht lng yu cu.
8.4 Chun b mt bng
8.4.1 Phi lm sch bi bn v vt liu khng thch hp ri vi trn b mt s ri b tng nha ln
bng my qut, my thi, vi phun nc (nu cn) v bt buc phi hong kh. B mt chun b
phi rng hn sang mi pha l ng t nht l 20 cm so vi b rng s c ti thm bm
hoc dnh bm.
8.4.2 Trc khi ri b tng nha trn mt ng c phi tin hnh cng tc sa cha ch li lm,
v g, b vnh mt. Nu dng hn hp nha ri ngui hoc b tng nha ri ngui sa
cha th phi hon thnh trc t nht 15 ngy, nu dng b tng nha ri nng th phi hon
thnh trc t nht 1 ngy.
8.4.3 B mt chun b, hoc l mt ca lp mng hay mt ca lp di ca mt ng s ri phi
bo m cao , bng phng, dc ngang, dc dc vi cc sai s nm trong phm vi cho
php m cc tiu chun k thut tng ng quy nh.
8.4.4 Ti vt liu thm bm hoc dnh bm: trc khi ri b tng nha phi ti vt liu thm
bm hoc dnh bm.
8.4.4.1 Ti vt liu thm bm: ti trn mt cc lp mng khng dng nha (cp phi dm,
cp phi gia c xi mng...), tu thuc trng thi b mt (kn hay h) m ti vt liu thm bm
vi t l t 0,5 lt/m 2 n 1,3 lt/m 2. Dng nha lng ng c va MC30, hoc MC70 (TCVN 88181:2011) ti thm bm. Nhit ti thm bm: vi MC30 l 45 0C 100C, vi MC70 l 70 0C
100C. Thi gian t lc ti thm bm n khi ri lp b tng nha phi nha lng kp th m
su xung lp mng 5-10 mm v cho du nh bay hi, do T vn gim st quyt nh,
thng thng sau khong 1 ngy.
8.4.4.2 Ti vt liu dnh bm: ti trn mt ng nha c, trn cc lp mng c s dng nha
ng (hn hp nha, thm nhp nha, lng nha ) hoc trn mt lp b tng nha ri.
Ty thuc trng thi b mt (knh hay h) v tui th mt ng c m ti vt liu dnh bm vi
t l ph hp. Dng nh tng cationic phn tch chm CSS1-h (TCVN 8817-1: 2011) vi t l t
0,3 lt/m 2 n 0,6 lt/m 2, c th pha thm nc sch vo nh tng (t l 1/2 nc, 1/2 nh tng)
v quy u trc khi ti. Hoc dng nha lng ng c nhanh RC70 (TCVN 8818-1:2011) vi
t l t 0,3 lt/m 2 n 0,5 lt/m 2 ti dnh bm. Thi gian t lc ti dnh bm n khi ri lp b
tng nha phi ( nh tng CSS1-h kp phn tch hoc nha lng RC70 kp ng c) v
do T vn gim st quyt nh, thng thng sau t nht l 4 gi. Trng hp thi cng vo ban
m hoc thi tit m t, c th dng nh tng phn tch nhanh CRS -1 (TCVN 8817-1: 2011)
vi t l t 0,3 lt/m 2 n 0,5 lt/m 2 ti dnh bm.
8.4.5 Ch c dng thit b chuyn dng c kh nng kim sot c liu lng v nhit ca
nha ti dnh bm hoc thm bm. Khng c dng dng c th cng ti.
8.4.6 Ch c ti dnh bm hoc thm bm khi b mt c chun b y theo quy nh
ti 8.4.1, 8.4.2 v 8.4.3. Khng c ti khi c gi to, tri ma, sp c cn ma. Vt liu ti
dnh bm hoc thm bm phi ph u trn b mt, ch no thiu phi ti b sung bng thit b
phun cm tay, ch no tha phi c gt b.
18

TCVN 8819 : 2011

8.4.7 Phi nh v tr v cao ri hai mp mt ng ng vi thit k. Kim tra cao bng
my cao c. Khi c va hai bn cn nh du cao ri v qut lp nha lng (hoc nh
tng) vo thnh va.
8.4.8 Khi dng my ri c b phn t ng iu chnh cao lc ri, cn chun b cn thn cc
ng chun (hoc cng dy chun tht thng, tht cng dc theo mp mt ng v di s ri,
hoc t thanh dm lm ng chun, sau khi cao c chnh xc dc theo theo mt ng v
mp ca di s ri). Kim tra cao bng my cao c. Khi lp t h thng cao chun cho
my ri phi tun th y hng dn ca nh sn xut thit b v phi m bo cc cm bin
lm vic n nh vi h thng cao chun ny.
8.5 Vn chuyn hn hp b tng nha
8.5.1 Dng t t vn chuyn hn hp b tng nha. Chn t c trng ti v s lng ph
hp vi cng sut ca trm trn, ca my ri v c li vn chuyn, bo m s lin tc, nhp nhng
cc khu.
8.5.2 Cn phi c k hoch vn chuyn ph hp sao cho nhit ca hn hp n ni ri khng
thp hn quy nh ti Bng 9.
8.5.3 Thng xe vn chuyn hn hp b tng nha phi kn, sch, c phun u mt lp mng
dung dch x phng (hoc cc loi du chng dnh bm) vo thnh v y th ng. Khng c
dng du mazt, du diezen hay cc dung mi lm ho tan nha ng qut ln y v thnh
thng xe. Xe phi c bt che ph.
8.5.4 Mi chuyn t vn chuyn hn hp b tng nha khi ri trm trn phi c phiu xut
xng ghi r nhit hn hp, khi lng, cht lng hn hp (nh gi bng mt v ng
u), thi im xe ri trm trn, ni xe s n, tn ngi li xe.
8.5.5 Trc khi hn hp b tng nha vo phu my ri phi kim tra nhit hn hp bng
nhit k. Nu nhit hn hp thp hn nhit nh nht quy nh cho cng on hn hp t
xe t vo phu my ri (xem Bng 9) th phi loi b.
8.6 Ri hn hp b tng nha
8.6.1 Hn hp b tng nha c ri bng my chuyn dng, nn dng my ri c h thng iu
chnh cao t ng. Tr nhng ch hp cc b khng ri c bng my th cho php ri th
cng v tun theo quy nh ti 8.6.13.
8.6.2 Tu theo b rng mt ng, nn dng 2 (hoc 3) my ri hot ng ng thi trn 2 (hoc
3) vt ri. Cc my ri phi i cch nhau 10 n 20 m. Trng hp dng mt my ri, trnh t ri
phi c t chc sao cho khong cch gia cc im cui ca cc vt ri trong ngy l ngn
nht.
8.6.3 Trc khi ri phi t nng tm l, gung xon.
8.6.4 t ch hn hp b tng nha i li ti phu my ri, bnh xe tip xc u v nh nhng
vi 2 trc ln ca my ri. Sau iu khin cho thng ben t t hn hp xung gia phu
my ri. Xe s 0, my ri s y t t t v pha trc cng my ri. Khi hn hp b tng
nha phn u dc theo gung xon ca my ri v ngp ti 2/3 chiu cao gung xon th my
ri tin v pha trc theo vt quy nh. Trong qu trnh ri lun gi cho hn hp thng xuyn
ngp 2/3 chiu cao gung xon.
8.6.5 Trong sut thi gian ri hn hp b tng nha bt buc phi thanh m (hoc b phn
chn ng trn tm l) ca my ri lun hot ng.

19

TCVN 8819 : 2011

8.6.6 Tu b dy ca lp ri v nng sut ca my m chn tc ca my ri cho thch hp
khng xy ra hin tng b mt b nt n, b x rch hoc khng u n. Tc ri phi c
T vn gim st chp thun v phi c gi ng trong sut qu trnh ri.
8.6.7. Phi thng xuyn dng thun st nh du kim tra b dy ri. i vi my khng
c b phn t ng iu chnh th vn tay nng (hay h) tm l t t chiu dy lp b tng
nha khng b thay i t ngt.
8.6.8. Khi my ri lm vic, b tr cng nhn cm dng c theo my lm cc vic sau:
Ly hn hp ht nh t trong phu my t ph ri thnh lp mng dc theo mi ni, san u
cc ch li lm, r ca mi ni trc khi lu ln;
Gt b, b ph nhng ch li lm, r mt cc b trn lp b tng nha mi ri.
8.6.9. Cui ngy lm vic, my ri phi chy khng ti ra qu cui vt ri khong t 5 -7 m mi
c ngng hot ng.
8.6.10 Trn on ng c dc dc ln hn 40 phi tin hnh ri hn hp b tng nha t
chn dc i ln.
8.6.11 Trng hp my ri ang lm vic b hng (thi gian sa cha phi ko di hng gi) th
phi bo ngay v trm trn tm ngng cung cp hn hp b tng nha v cho php dng my san
t hnh san nt lng hn hp b tng nha cn li.
8.6.12. Trng hp my ang ri gp ma t ngt th:
Bo ngay v trm trn tm ngng cung cp hn hp b tng nha;
Nu lp b tng nha c lu ln trn 2/3 tng s lt lu yu cu th cho php tip tc lu
trong ma cho n ht s lt lu ln yu cu. Ngc li th phi ngng lu v san b hn hp
b tng nha ra ngoi phm v mt ng. Ch khi no mt ng kh ro li mi c ri
hn hp tip.
8.6.13. Trng hp phi ri bng th cng ( cc ch hp cc b) cn tun theo quy nh sau:
Dng xng xc hn hp b tng nha v thp tay, khng c ht t xa trnh hn hp
b phn tng;
Dng co v bn trang tri u hn hp b tng nha thnh mt lp bng phng t dc
ngang yu cu, c b dy d kin bng 1,35 1,45 b dy lp b tng nha thit k (xc nh
chnh xc qua th nghim lu ln ti hin trng);
Vic ri th cng cn tin hnh ng thi vi vic ri bng my c th lu ln chung vt ri
bng my v ch ri bng th cng, bo m mt ng khng c vt ni.
8.6.14 Mi ni ngang:
Mi ni ngang sau mi ngy lm vic phi c sa cho thng gc vi trc ng. Trc khi
ri tip phi dng my ct b phn u mi ni sau dng vt liu ti dnh bm qut ln vt
ct m bo vt ri mi v c dnh kt tt.
Cc mi ni ngang ca lp trn v lp di cch nhau t nht l 1m;
Cc mi ni ngang ca cc vt ri lp trn cng c b tr so le ti thiu 25 cm.
8.6.15 Mi ni dc:
20

TCVN 8819 : 2011

Mi ni dc qua ngy lm vic phi c ct b phn ra dc vt ri c, dng vt liu ti
dnh bm qut ln vt ct sau mi tin hnh ri;
Cc mi dc ca lp trn v lp di cch nhau t nht l 20 cm.
Cc mi ni dc ca lp trn v lp di c b tr sao cho cc ng ni d c ca lp trn
cng ca mt ng b tng nha trng vi v tr cc ng phn chia cc ln giao thng
hoc trng vi tim ng i vi ng 2 ln xe.
8.7 Lu ln lp hn hp b tng nha
8.7.1 Thit b lu ln b tng nha gm c t nht lu bnh thp nh 6-8 tn, lu bnh thp nng 1012 tn v lu bnh hi c lp nhn i theo mt my ri.
Ngoi ra c th lu ln bng cch phi hp cc my lu sau:
-

Lu bnh hi phi hp vi lu bnh thp;

Lu rung phi hp vi lu bnh thp;

Lu rung phi hp vi lu bnh hi.

8.7.2 Lu bnh hi phi c ti thiu 7 bnh, cc lp nhn ng u v c kh nng hot ng vi

p lc lp n 0,85 MPa. Mi lp s c bm ti p lc quy nh v chnh lch p lc gia hai
lp bt k khng c vt qu 0,03 daN/cm 2. Phi c bin php iu chnh ti trng ca lu
bnh hi sao cho ti trng trn mi bnh lp c th thay i t 1,5 tn n 2,5 tn.
8.7.3 Ngay sau khi hn hp b tng nha c ri v lm phng s b, cn phi tin hnh kim
tra v sa nhng ch khng u. Nhit hn hp b tng nha sau khi ri v nhit lc lu phi
c gim st cht ch m bo trong gii hn quy nh (Bng 9).
8.7.4 S lu ln, tc lu ln, s phi hp cc loi lu, s ln lu ln qua mt im ca tng loi
lu t c cht yu cu c xc nh trn on ri th.
8.7.5 My ri hn hp b tng nha i n u l my lu phi theo st lu ln ngay n .
Trong cc lt lu s b, bnh ch ng s pha gn tm l ca my ri nht. Tin trnh lu ln
ca cc my lu phi c tin hnh lin tc trong thi gian hn hp b tng nha cn gi c
nhit lu ln c hiu qu, khng c thp hn nhit kt thc lu ln (xem Bng 9).
8.7.6 Vt bnh lu phi chng ln nhau t nht l 20 cm. Nhng lt lu u tin dnh cho mi ni
dc, sau tin hnh lu t mp ngoi song song vi tim ng v dch dn v pha tim ng.
Khi lu trong ng cong c b tr siu cao vic lu s tin hnh t bn thp dch dn v pha bn
cao. Cc lt lu khng c dng ti cc im nm trong phm vi 1 mt tnh t im cui ca cc
lt trc.
8.7.7 Trong qu trnh lu, i vi lu bnh st phi thng xuyn lm m bnh st bng nc. i
vi lu bnh hi, dng du chng dnh bm bi mt lp vi lt u, khi lp c nhit xp x
vi nhit ca hn hp b tng nha th s khng xy ra tnh trng dnh bm na. Khng c
dng nc lm m lp bnh hi. Khng c dng du diezel, du cn hay cc dung mi c
kh nng ho tan nha ng bi vo bnh lu.
8.7.8 Khi lu khi ng, i hng tin li... phi thao tc nh nhng, khng thay i t ngt
hn hp b tng nha khng b dch chuyn v x rch.
8.7.9 My lu v cc thit b nng khng c li trn lp b tng nha cha c lu ln cht
v cha ngui hn.
21

TCVN 8819 : 2011

8.7.10 Trong khi lu ln nu thy lp b tng nha b nt n phi tm nguyn nhn iu chnh
(nhit , tc lu, ti trng lu...).

9 Cng tc gim st, kim tra v nghim thu lp b tng nha

9.1 Cng tc gim st kim tra c tin hnh thng xuyn trc khi ri, trong khi ri v sau khi
ri lp b tng nha. Cc quy nh v cng tc kim tra nu di y l quy nh ti thiu, cn c
vo tnh hnh thc t ti cng trnh m T vn gim st c th tng tn sut kim tra cho ph hp.
9.2 Kim tra hin trng trc khi thi cng, bao gm vic kim tra cc hng mc sau:
Tnh trng b mt trn s ri b tng nha, dc ngang, dc dc, cao , b rng;
Tnh trng lp nha ti thm bm hoc dnh bm;
H thng cao chun;
Thit b ri, lu ln, thit b thng tin lin lc, lc lng thi cng, h thng m bo an ton giao
thng v an ton lao ng.
9.3 Kim tra cht lng vt liu
9.3.1 Kim tra chp thun vt liu khi a vo cng trnh:
Nha ng: kim tra cc ch tiu cht lng theo quy nh ti TCVN 7493: 2005 (tr ch tiu
nht ng hc 135 0C) cho mi t nhp vt liu;
Vt liu ti thm bm, dnh bm: kim tra cc ch tiu cht lng ca vt liu ti dnh bm,
thm bm p dng cho cng trnh cho mi t nhp vt liu;
dm, ct, bt khong: kim tra cc ch tiu quy nh ti 5.1, ti 5.2 v ti 5.3 cho mi t
nhp vt liu.
9.3.2 Kim tra trong qu trnh sn xut hn hp b tng nha: theo quy nh ti Bng 10.
Bng 10 - Kim tra vt liu trong qu trnh sn xut hn hp b tng nha
Loi vt liu
1. dm

Ch tiu kim tra

- Thnh phn ht
- Hm lng ht thoi dt

Tn sut

V tr kim tra

Cn c

2 ngy/ln
hoc
200m3/ln

Khu vc tp kt
dm

Bng 5

2 ngy/ln
hoc
200m3/ln

Khu vc tp kt
ct

Bng 6

2 ngy/ln
hoc 50 tn

Kho cha

Bng 7

1 ngy/ln

Thng nu
nha ng s
b

TCVN 7493: 2005

- Hm lng chung bi, bn,

st
2. Ct

- Thnh phn ht
- H s ng lng ct- ES

3. Bt khong

- Thnh phn ht
- Ch s do

4. Nha ng

- kim ln
- im ho mm

CH THCH:
Vi trm trn lin tc: tn sut kim tra ct liu ( dm, ct, bt khong) l 1 ln/ngy.

22

TCVN 8819 : 2011

9.4 Kim tra ti trm trn: theo quy nh ti Bng 11.
Bng 11 - Kim tra ti trm trn
Hng mc
1. Vt liu ti cc
phu nng

Ch tiu/phng php

Tn sut

V tr kim tra

Cn c

Thnh phn ht

1 ngy/ln

Cc phu nng
(hot bin)

Thnh phn ht
ca tng phu

1 ngy/ln

Trn xe ti
hoc phu
nhp liu ca
my ri

Cc ch tiu
ca hn hp b
tng nha
c ph duyt

- Thnh phn ht
- Hm lng nha ng
2. Cng thc ch to
hn hp b tng
nha

- n nh Marshall
- rng d
- Khi lng th tch mu b
tng nha
- T trng ln nht ca b
tng nha

2 ngy/ln

3. H thng cn ong
vt liu

Kim tra cc chng ch hiu

chun/kim nh v kim tra
bng mt

1 ngy/ ln

Ton trm trn

Tiu chun k
thut ca trm
trn

Kim tra cc chng ch hiu

chun/kim nh v kim tra
bng mt

1 ngy/ ln

Ton trm trn

4. H thng nhit k

Tiu chun k
thut ca trm
trn

5. Nhit nha
ng

Nhit k

1 gi/ln

Thng nu s
b, thng trn

Theo 7.3.6. v
Bng 9

6. Nhit ct liu
sau khi sy

Nhit k

1 gi/ln

Tang sy

Theo 7.3.9

7. Nhit trn

Nhit k

Mi m trn

Thng trn

Bng 9

ng h

Mi m trn

Phng iu
khin

Theo 7.3.11

Nhit k

Mi m trn

Phng iu
khin

Bng 9

8. Thi gian trn

9. Nhit hn hp
khi ra khi thng trn

9.5 Kim tra trong khi thi cng: theo quy nh ti Bng 12.
Bng 12 - Kim tra trong khi thi cng lp b tng nha
Ch tiu/
phng php

Mt
kim tra

V tr kim tra

Cn c

1. Nhit hn hp
trn xe ti

Nhit k

Mi xe

Thng xe

Bng 9

2. Nhit khi ri
hn hp

Nhit k

50 mt/im

Ngay sau
my ri

Bng 9

3. Nhit lu ln
hn hp

Nhit k

50 mt/im

Mt ng

Bng 9

Thun st

50 mt/im

Mt ng

H s thit k

Hng mc

4. Chiu dy lp b
tng nha

23

TCVN 8819 : 2011

Hng mc
5. Cng tc lu ln

6. Cc mi ni dc,
mi ni ngang
7. bng phng
sau khi lu s b

Ch tiu/
phng php

Mt
kim tra

V tr kim tra

Cn c

S lu, tc lu, s
lt lu, ti trng lu,
cc quy nh khi lu ln

Thng xuyn

Mt ng

Theo 8.3.2
v 8.7

Quan st bng mt

Mi mi ni

Mt ng

Theo 8.6.14
v 8.6.15

Thc 3 mt

25 mt/mt ct

Mt ng

Khe h khng
qu 5 mm

9.6 Kim tra khi nghim thu mt ng b tng nha

9.6.1 Kch thc hnh hc: theo quy nh ti Bng 13.
Bng 13 - Sai s cho php ca cc c trng hnh hc
Hng mc
1. B rng

2. dc ngang:

Phng
php

Mt o

Sai s cho php

Quy nh v t l im o
t yu cu

Thc thp

50 m / mt ct

- 5 cm

Tng s ch hp khng qu
5% chiu di ng

My thu
bnh

50 m / mt ct

95 % tng s im o

- Lp di

0,5%

- Lp trn

0, 25%

3. Chiu dy

Khoan li

- Lp di
- Lp trn
4. Cao

My thu
bnh

- Lp di

2500 m2
(hoc 330 m
di ng 2
ln xe) / 1 t 3
mu

8% chiu dy

95 % tng s im o, 5%
cn li khng vt qu 10
mm

5% chiu dy

50 m/ im
- 10 mm; + 5 mm

- Lp trn

95 % tng s im o, 5%
cn li sai s khng vt
qu 10 mm

5 mm

9.6.2 bng phng mt ng: s dng thit b o IRI kim tra bng phng. Bo co kt
qu kim tra IRI c chi tit cho tng 100 m di; trng hp mt ng c bng phng km
cc b th bo co kt qu IRI cho tng on 50 m hoc nh hn. Trng hp chiu di on b
tng nha ngn ( 1 Km) th kim tra bng thc 3 mt. Tiu chun nghim thu nu ti Bn g 14.
Bng 14 - Tiu chun nghim thu bng phng
Hng mc
1. bng phng IRI
2. bng phng o bng thc 3 m
(khi mt ng c chiu di 1 Km)

24

Mt kim tra

Yu cu

Ton b chiu di, cc ln xe

Theo quy nh ti TCVN 8865:2011

25 m / 1 ln xe

Theo quy nh ti TCVN 8864:2011

TCVN 8819 : 2011

9.6.3 nhm mt ng: Tiu chun nghim thu quy nh ti Bng 15.
Bng 15 - Tiu chun nghim thu nhm mt ng
Hng mc

Mt kim tra

Yu cu

nhm mt ng theo phng

php rc ct

5 im o / 1 Km/ 1ln

Theo quy nh ti TCVN 8866:2011

9.6.4 cht lu ln: H s cht lu ln (K) ca cc lp b tng nha khng c nh hn 0,98 .

K=

tn

Trong :
-

Khi lng th tch trung bnh ca b tng nha sau khi thi cng hin trng, g/c m 3
(xc nh trn mu khoan);
tn:

o:

Khi lng th tch trung bnh ca b tng nha trm trn tng ng vi l trnh kim
tra, g/cm 3 (xc nh trn mu c Marshall ti trm trn theo quy nh ti Bng 11 hoc trn
mu b tng nha ly t cc l trnh tng ng c c ch b li).

Mt kim tra: 2500 m 2 mt ng (hoc 330 m di ng 2 ln xe) / 1 t 3 mu khoan (s

dng mu khoan xc nh chiu dy theo quy nh Bng 13).
9.6.5 Thnh phn cp phi ct liu, hm lng nha ng ly t mu nguyn dng mt
ng tng ng vi l trnh kim tra phi tho mn cng thc ch to hn hp b tng nha
c ph duyt vi sai s nm trong quy nh Bng 8. Mt kim tra: 2500 m 2 mt ng/ 1
mu (hoc 330 m di ng 2 ln xe/ 1 mu).
9.6.6 n nh Marshall kim tra trn mu khoan: s dng mu khoan xc nh chiu dy v
cht xc nh. n nh Marshall phi 75% gi tr n nh quy nh Bng 3 v Bng
4 tng ng vi loi b tng nha. do, rng d xc nh t mu khoan phi nm trong gii
hn cho php (Bng 3 v Bng 4).
9.6.7 S dnh bm gia lp b tng nha vi lp di phi tt, c nhn xt nh gi bng mt
ti cc mu khoan.
9.6.8 Cht lng cc mi ni c nh gi bng mt. Mi ni phi ngay thng, bng phn g,
khng r mt, khng b khc, khng c khe h.
9.7 H s nghim thu bao gm nhng ni dung sau:
-

Kt qu kim tra chp thun vt liu khi a vo cng trnh;

Thit k s b;

Thit k hon chnh;

Biu quan h gia tc cp liu (tn/gi) v tc bng ti (m/pht) cho dm v ct.

Thit k c ph duyt- cng thc ch to hn hp b tng nha;

H s ca cng tc ri th, trong c quyt nh ca T vn v nhit lu ln, s lu, s

lt lu trn mt im

Nht k tng chuyn xe ch hn hp b tng nha: khi lng hn hp, nhit ca hn hp

khi x t thng trn vo xe, thi gian ri trm trn, thi gian n cng trng, nhit hn hp
khi vo my ri; thi tit khi ri, l trnh ri;
25

TCVN 8819 : 2011

- H s kt qu kim tra theo cc yu cu quy nh t Bng 10 n Bng 15.
10 An ton lao ng v bo v mi trng
10.1 Ti trm trn hn hp b tng nha
10.1.1 Phi trit tun theo cc quy nh v phng chy, chng st, bo v mi trng, an ton
lao ng, an ton s dng in hin hnh.
10.1.2 cc ni c th xy ra m chy (kho, ni cha nha ng, ni cha nhin liu, my
trn...) phi c sn cc dng c cha chy, thng ng ct kh, bnh bt dp la, b nc v cc
li ra ph.
10.1.3 Ni nu nha ng phi cch xa cc cng trnh xy dng d chy v cc kho tng khc
t nht l 50 m. Nhng ch c nha ng ri vi phi c dn sch v rc ct.
10.1.4 B phn lc bi ca trm trn phi hot ng tt.
10.1.5 Khi vn hnh my trm trn cn phi:
-

Kim tra cc my mc v thit b;

Khi ng my, kim tra s di chuyn ca nha ng trong cc ng dn, nu cn th phi

lm nng cc ng, cc van cho nha ng chy c;

Ch khi my mc chy th khng ti trong tnh trng tt mi t n kh trng sy.

10.1.6 Trnh t thao tc khi t n kh phi tin hnh tun theo ch dn ca trm trn. Khi mi
la cng nh iu chnh n kh phi ng pha cnh bung t, khng c ng trc din vi
n kh.
10.1.7 Khng c s dng trng rang vt liu c nhng h hng bung t, n kh, cng
nh khi c hin tng ngn la len qua cc khe h ca bung t pht ra ngoi tri.
10.1.8 cc trm trn hn hp b tng nha iu khin t ng cn theo cc quy nh:
-

Trm iu khin cch xa my trn t nht l 15 m;

Trc mi ca lm vic phi kim tra cc ng dy, cc c cu iu khin, tng b phn my

mc thit b trong my trn;

Khi khi ng phi trit tun theo trnh t quy nh cho mi loi trm trn t khu cp vt
liu vo trng sy n khu tho hn hp trn xong vo thng.

10.1.9 Trong lc kim tra cng nh sa cha k thut, trong cc l nu, thng cha, cc ch m
t ch c dng cc ngn n in di ng c in th 12 V. Khi kim tra v sa cha bn
trong trng rang v thng trn hn hp phi cc b phn ny ngui hn.
10.1.10 Mi ngi lm vic trm trn b tng nha u phi hc qua mt lp v an ton lao
ng v k thut c bn ca tng khu trong dy chuyn cng ngh ch to hn hp b tng
nha trm trn, phi c trang b qun o, knh, gng tay, dy bo h lao ng tu theo tng
phn vic.
10.1.11 trm trn phi c y t thng trc, c bit l s cu khi b bng, c trang b y
cc dng c v thuc men m c quan y t quy nh.
10.2 Ti hin trng thi cng b tng nha

26

TCVN 8819 : 2011

10.2.1 Trc khi thi cng phi t bin bo "Cng trng" u v cui on ng thi cng, b
tr ngi v bin bo hng dn ng trnh cho cc loi phng tin giao thng trn ng; quy
nh s chy n v chy i ca t vn chuyn hn hp, chiu sng khu vc thi cng nu
lm m.
10.2.2 Cng nhn phc v theo my ri, phi c ng, gng tay, khu trang, qun o lao ng ph
hp vi cng vic phi i li trn hn hp c nhit cao.
10.2.3 Trc mi ca lm vic phi kim tra tt c cc my mc v thit b thi cng, sa cha iu
chnh my lm vic tt. Ghi vo s nht k thi cng v tnh trng v cc h hng ca my v
bo cho ngi ch o thi cng hin trng kp thi.
10.2.4 i vi my ri hn hp b tng nha phi ch kim tra s lm vic ca bng ti cp
liu, t nng tm l. Trc khi h phn treo ca my ri phi trng chng khng c ngi
ng k sau my ri.

Ph lc A
(quy nh)

Hng dn thit k hn hp b tng nha

A.1 Thit k s b
27

TCVN 8819 : 2011

A.1.1 Th nghim xc nh thnh phn ht ca tng loi vt liu: dm, ct v bt khong (sau
khi vt liu tho mn cc yu cu k thut tng ng quy nh ti 5.1; 5.2 v 4.3 ). Tnh gi tr
thnh phn ht trung bnh trn tng c sng ca dm, ct (trn c s 5 kt qu phn tch thnh
phn ht) v bt khong (trn c s 2 kt qu phn tch thnh phn ht).
A.1.2 Cn c vo kt qu thnh phn ht trung bnh trn tng c sng ca tng loi ct liu, tnh
ton t l phi hp gia cc loi ct liu la chn ng cong cp phi hn hp ct liu th o
mn yu cu ti Bng 1 hoc Bng 2 tng ng vi mi loi b tng nha thit k.
A.1.3 Cn c t l phi hp gia cc loi ct liu va chn ti A.1.2, chun b khong 25 kg hn
hp ct liu, sy kh, sng thnh cc c ht ring bit. Phi trn cc c ht li thnh 20 phn hn
hp ring bit, mi phn khong 1100 gam to thnh 5 t mu, mi t 4 mu khi th nghim
theo phng php Marshall thng thng. Vi loi b tng nha th nghim theo phng php
Marshall ci tin, chun b khi lng mu hn hp ct liu khong 80 kg phi trn thnh 20
phn hn hp ring bit, mi phn khong 4000 g.
A.1.4 Cho nha ng vo trong t sy v gia nhit n nhit trn c quy nh (Bng 9).
Cho hn hp ct liu vo mt t sy khc v nung nng n nhit cao hn nhit trn l
15oC.
A.1.5 Trn 5 t mu hn hp ct liu (mi t 4 mu) vi 5 hm lng nha ng (tnh theo tng
khi lng hn hp b tng nha) thay i khc nhau 0,5% xung quanh hm lng nha ng
tham kho. Vi mi t mu, 3 mu s c m trong khun Marshall v 1 mu khng m s
c th nghim xc nh t trng ln nht v khi lng ring b tng nha.
A.1.6 Xc nh t trng ln nht ca b tng nha ca 5 mu hn hp b tng nha tng ng
vi 5 t l nha ng.
CH THCH A1:
C th ch cn th nghim xc nh mt gi tr t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN tng ng vi hm lng
nha ng ti u d kin (thng nm ti khang gia ca hm lng nha ng tham kho). Sau
s dng kt qu ny tnh cc gi tr t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN ng vi cc hm lng nha
ng khc. Trng hp ny, ch cn ch to 2 mu hn hp BTN vi hm lng nha ng ti u d
kin, th nghim xc nh t trng ln nht v ly gi tr trung bnh.

A.1.7 m 5 t mu (mi t 3 mu) theo phng php Marshall vi s ln m quy nh (Bng 3

hoc Bng 4) tng ng vi 1 loi b tng nha thit k. Nhit m mu tun theo quy nh
(Bng 9).
A.1.8 Th nghim xc nh khi lng th tch b tng nha ca cc mu m. Tnh khi lng
th tch b tng nha trung bnh (g/cm 3), rng d trung bnh (%), rng ct liu trung bnh (%)
cho mi t mu.
A.1.9 Ngm mu m trong b n nhit nhit 60 oC vi thi gian quy nh, sau nn trn
my nn Marshall xc nh n nh v do Marshall. Tnh gi tr n nh trung bnh,
do trung bnh cho mi t mu.
A.1.10 Chn hm lng nha ng ti u theo Marshall: t kt qu th nghim ca 5 t mu,
thit lp cc th quan h gia hm lng nha ng vi cc ch tiu: n nh trung bnh,
do trung bnh, rng d trung bnh, rng ct liu trung bnh, khi lng th tch trung
bnh. Cn c cc gi tr quy nh ti Bng 3 hoc Bng 4, xc nh khong hm lng nha ng
tho mn cho tng ch tiu: n nh 600C, do, rng d, rng ct liu. Xc nh
khong hm lng nha ng tho mn tt c cc ch tiu trn. Gi tr hm lng nha ng
nm gia khong hm lng nha tho mn tt c cc ch tiu trn thng c chn lm hm
lng nha ti u theo Marshall. Vi b tng nha cht, nn chn hm lng nha ng ti u
sao cho gi tr rng d khong 4%. Xc nh gi tr khi lng th tch b tng nha tng ng
vi hm lng nha ng ti u lm c s tnh cht m nn K.
A.1.11 Chun b 2 mu hn hp b tng nha vi thnh phn ht nh A.1.2, vi hm lng nha
ng ti u xc nh ti A.1.10, c 2 mu Marshall xc nh n nh cn li v tnh
n nh cn li trung bnh ca 2 mu. Nu n nh cn li trung bnh tho m n yu cu quy nh
28

TCVN 8819 : 2011

ti Bng 3 hoc Bng 4 tng ng vi loi b tng nha thit k th hm lng nha ng ti u
chn theo A.1.10 l hp l, chuyn sang giai on thit k hon chnh.
A.2 Thit k hon chnh
A.2.1 a bng ti cp dm v ct ca trm trn vo vn hnh. Thit lp ng cong quan h
gia tc cp liu (tn/gi) v tc bng ti (mt/pht) cho dm v ct. Xc nh gi tr
m ca vt liu a vo hiu chnh cho chnh xc. Khi thit lp ng cong quan h, phi c t
nht 3 gi tr ng vi cc tc bng ti bng: 20 %, 50 % v 70 % ca tc ti a. Phi iu
chnh sao cho kch thc ca ca phu bng hoc ln hn 3 ln kch thc ht ln nht ca ct
liu.
A.2.2 a ton b trm trn vo vn hnh th tng t nh khi sn xut i tr nhng ch khc l
khng trn ct liu vi nha ng v bt . Cn c vo kt qu ti A.2.1, tnh ton tc bng
ti cho dm, ct t c t l dm, ct xc nh ti A.1.2.
A.2.3 Khi trm trn trong trng thi hot ng n nh, ly mu ct liu t cc phu d tr ct
liu nng, ly mu bt khong phn tch thnh phn ht, tnh ton t l phi hp gia cc loi
ct liu sao cho ng cong cp phi hn hp ct liu tng t nh A.1.2. Tin hnh thit k mu
theo Marshall. Trnh t tin hnh th nghim xc nh ng cong cp phi v hm lng nha
ng ti u theo Marshall theo quy nh t A.1.1 n A.1.10.
A.2.4 Chun b 2 mu hn hp b tng nha vi thnh phn ht v hm lng nha ng ti
u chn theo A.2.3, c 2 mu Marshall xc nh n nh cn li v tnh n nh cn li
trung bnh ca 2 mu. Nu n nh cn li trung bnh tho mn yu cu quy nh Bng 3 hoc
Bng 4 tng ng vi loi b tng nha thit k th hm lng nha ng ti u chn ti
A.2.3 l hp l, chuyn sang giai on sn xut th v ri th.
CH THCH A2:
i vi trm trn lin tc th thit k hon chnh cng chnh l thit k s b nn khng cn phi thc hin
bc A.2.3 v A.2.4 m tin hnh nh sau:
-

Thit lp ng cong quan h gia tc cp ct liu (tn/gi) vi tc bng ti (m/pht) cho tng
loi ct liu, tng t nh m t ti A.2.1.

Cn c vo kt qu ca thit k s b, iu chnh tc cc bng ti cho ph hp vi t l phi trn

ca mi loi ct liu.

Cho h thng cp ct liu hot ng, ch ti khi h thng hot ng n nh th tin hnh ly mu
hn hp ct liu trc khi a vo tang sy (cng chnh l thng trn). Nu cp phi ca mu hn hp
ct liu ny ph hp vi cp phi ca hn hp ct liu trong thit k s b th vic iu chnh tc
bng ti t yu cu kt thc giai on thit k hon chnh.

A.3 Xc lp cng thc ch to hn hp b tng nha

A.3.1 Sn xut th: trn c s kt qu ca cng tc thit k hon chnh, sn xut th b tng
nha ti trm trn vi khi lng t 60 n 100 tn.
A.3.2 Kim tra cht lng hn hp b tng nha sn xut th: kim tra s ph hp ca thnh
phn ht, hm lng nha, ch tiu Marshall so vi thit k hon chnh.
A.3.3 Ri th: ri b tng nha trn on ng c chiu di ti thiu 100 m, chiu rng ti thiu
2 vt my ri. Trin khai phng n thi cng d kin: vt liu ti dnh bm, hoc thm bm; t
l ti dnh bm, hoc thm bm; thi gian cho php ri lp b tng nha sau khi ti vt li u
dnh bm hoc thm bm; chiu dy ri lp b tng nha cha lu ln; nhit ri; nhit lu ln
bt u v kt thc; s lu ln ca cc loi lu khc nhau, s lt lu cn thit t c cht
lu ln.
A.3.4 Kim tra cht lng b tng nha sau ri th: cht lu ln, chiu dy, bng phng,
nhm b mt sau khi thi cng.
A.3.5 Nu kt qu th nghim trong phng v hin trng ch ra rng hn hp b tng nha khi
sn xut th ph hp vi cc yu cu k thut quy nh ti Bng 3 hoc Bng 4 tng ng vi loi
BTNC, BTNR, v c th thi cng bng cc phng tin hin c, m bo yu cu v cht,
29

TCVN 8819 : 2011

chiu dy, bng phng... th Nh thu trnh cng thc ch to b tng nha (theo hng dn
ti 6.3.3) T vn v Ch u t ph duyt.

Ph lc B
(tham kho)
30

TCVN 8819 : 2011

Hng dn chuyn i kch c sng trong phng th nghim

v kch c sng tng ng ti trm trn

Kch c sng th nghim

(mm)

Kch c sng ca trm trn (mm)

2,36

2,5

4,75

9,5

11

12,5

14

19.0

22

25,0

29

31,5

35

37,5

41

50

57

31