TCVN

TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 8820 : 2011

Xut bn ln 1

HN HP B TNG NHA NNGTHIT K THEO PHNG PHP MARSHALL

Standard Practice for Asphalt Concrete Mix Design
Using Marshall Method

H NI 2011

TCVN 8820 : 2011

Mc lc

1 Phm vi p dng.................................................................................................................................5
2 Ti liu vin dn..................................................................................................................................5
3 Thut ng, nh ngha.........................................................................................................................6
4 Phn loi b tng nha........................................ ..............................................................................8
5
Nguyn
tc
thit
k
hn
Marshall..............................................9

hp

tng

nha

theo

phng

php

6
Cn
c
thit
k
hn
Marshall...................................................9

hp

tng

nha

theo

phng

php

7 Cc giai on v ni dung thit k hn hp b tng nha ................................................................10

8
Trnh
t
thit
k
hn
Marshall.................................................13

hp

9
Yu
cu
chung
i
vi
trng........................................................................25

tng

nha

Phng

theo
th

phng
nghim

php
hin

Ph lc A (tham kho). Hng dn thit k phi trn ct liu................................................................27

Ph lc B (tham kho). Tnh cc c tnh th tch ca hn hp b tng nha. Bo co kt qu thit k
hn hp b tng nha theo phng php Marshall............... ...............................................................34

TCVN 8820 : 2011

Li ni u

TCVN 8820: 2011 do Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Giao thng Vn ti

bin son, B Giao thng Vn ti ngh, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng
cht lng thm nh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng b.

TCVN 8820 : 2011

TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 8820 : 2011

Hn hp b tng nha nng-Thit k theo phng php Marshall

Standard Practice for Asphalt Concrete Mix Design Using Marshall Method

1 Phm vi p dng
1.1 Tiu chun ny a ra trnh t hng dn thit k hn hp b tng nha nng theo phng php
Marshall.
1.2 Tiu chun ny p dng vi loi hn hp b tng nha cht, s dng cht kt dnh l nha
ng thng thng (bitum) hoc nha ng ci thin (nha ng polime).
1.3 Vi loi hn hp b tng nha cp phi gin on, cp phi h, hn hp -nha (stone matrix
asphalt), ngoi vic p dng tiu chun ny thit k hn hp, cn p dng cc tiu chun b sung
lin quan c quy nh trong tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng b tng nha tng ng.
1.4 Cc yu cu k thut lm c s chp thun thit k hn hp b tng nha nng c quy nh
c th trong tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng b tng nha.

2 Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau rt cn thit cho vic p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin dn ghi
nm ban hnh th p dng bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi nm ban hnh th p
dng phin bn mi nht, bao gm c cc sa i.
TCVN 7572-2: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th- Phn 2: Xc nh thnh phn ht.
TCVN 7501:2005 Bitum- Phng php xc nh khi lng ring (phng php Picnometer).
TCVN 8860-1: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 1: Xc nh n nh, do Marshall.
TCVN 8860-4: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 4: Xc nh t trng ri ln nht, khi lng
ring ca b tng nha trng thi ri.
TCVN 8860-5: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 5: Xc nh t trng khi, khi lng th
tch ca b tng nha m nn.
TCVN 8860-9: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 9: Xc nh rng d.
TCVN 8860-10: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 10: Xc nh rng ct liu.
TCVN 8860-11: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 11: Xc nh rng lp y nha.

TCVN 8820 : 2011

TCVN 8860-12: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 12: Xc nh n nh cn li ca b
tng nha.
TCVN 8819 : 2011 Mt ng b tng nha nng-Yu cu thi cng v nghim thu.
TCVN 4195:1995 t xy dng-Phng php xc nh khi lng ring trong phng th nghim.
AASHTO T 84-2000 Standard Method of Test for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
(Xc nh t trng v hp ph ca ct liu ht nh).
AASHTO T 85-2000 Standard Method of Test for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
(Xc nh t trng v hp ph ca ct liu ht ln).

3 Thut ng, nh ngha

3.1 Hn hp b tng nha nng (Hot mix asphalt-HMA )
Hn hp bao gm cc ct liu ( dm, ct, bt khong) c t l phi trn xc nh, c sy nng v
trn u vi nhau, sau c trn vi nha ng theo t l thit k. Sau y c gi tt l
BTN.
3.2 B tng nha cp phi cht (Dense-graded HMA )
Loi BTN s dng cp phi ct liu c lng ht th, ht trung gian v ht mn gn tng ng
nhau, to iu kin khi m nn cc ht ct liu d cht kht vi nhau nht. Thng c gi l
BTN cht. BTN cht c rng d nh, thng t 3-6%.
3.3 B tng nha cp phi gin on (Gap-graded HMA )
Loi BTN s dng cp phi ct liu c lng ht th v lng ht mn ln, nhng lng ht trung gian
rt nh. ng cong cp phi ct liu ca loi BTN ny c xu th gn nm ngang ti vng c ht trung
gian. Cp phi ct liu ny to kh nng cc ht ct liu th chn mc tt vi nhau, tuy nhin c xu
th d b phn tng trong qu trnh ri. BTN cp phi gin on thng c rng d ln hn so vi
BTN cht.
3.4 B tng nha cp phi h (Open-graded HMA )
Loi BTN s dng cp phi ct liu cp phi c lng ht mn chim mt t l nh trong hn hp.
ng cong cp phi loi ny c xu th gn thng ng ti vng ht ct liu trung gian, gn nm
ngang v c gi tr gn bng khng (0) ti vng ht ct liu mn. Loi BTN ny c rng d ln do
khng lng ht mn lp y l rng gia cc ht th. Thng c gi l BTN rng. BTN rng c
rng d ln nht so vi BTN cht v BTN cp phi gin on.
Loi BTN rng lm lp mng (base course), thng khng s dng bt khong, c rng d t 7%
n 12%.
3.5 B tng nha c nhm cao, tng kh nng khng trt
Loi BTN s dng lm lp ph mt ng, c tc dng ngn nga hin tng vng nc gy ra khi
xe chy vi tc cao, tng kh nng khng trt mt ng v gim ng k ting n khi xe chy .
Thng s dng loi BTN rng, c rng d 15-22% (Open graded friction course OGFC hoc
Porous friction course-PFC) hoc BTN cp phi gin on, c rng d 10-15% (Very thin friction
course-VTO). Cn s dng nha ng ci thin ch to loi BTN ny.
3.6 Hn hp - va nha (Stone matrix asphalt hoc Stone mastic asphalt -SMA)
6

TCVN 8820 : 2011

L loi BTN s dng cp phi gin on. Hn hp BTN ny bao gm nha ng, ct liu v ct si
(fiber). SMA thng s dng lng bt khong v nha ng nhiu hn so vi BTN cp phi cht.
rng d ca SMA c phm vi rng, t 2-8%, ty thuc vo vic s dng SMA lm lp mt hoc lp
mng.
3.7 C ht ln nht ca ct liu (Maximum size of aggregate)
C sng nh nht m lng lt qua c sng l 100%.
Trong tiu chun ny s dng b sng mt vung th nghim thnh phn ht ct liu.
3.8 C ht ln nht danh nh ca ct liu (Nominal maximum size of aggregate)
C sng ln nht m lng st ring bit trn c sng khng ln hn 10%.
3.9 Ct liu th (Coarse aggregate)
Ct liu hu ht c kch c nm trn sng 4,75 mm; l sn phm khong nghin t tng, sn phm
thin nhin (cui si). Cn c gi l dm.
3.10 Ct liu mn (Fine aggregate)
Ct liu c kch c lt qua sng 4,75 mm v hu ht nm trn sng 0,075 mm; l sn phm khong
thin nhin (ct t nhin) hoc sn phm nghin t tng (ct xay). Cn c gi l ct.
3.11 Bt khong (Mineral filler)
Sn phm c nghin mn t cc b nt ( vi can xit, olomit ...), t x baz ca l luyn kim
hoc l xi mng, c t nht 70% lt qua sng 0,075 mm.
3.12 Hm lng nha (Asphalt content)
Lng nha ng trong hn hp BTN. C hai cch biu th hm lng nha, hoc tnh theo phn
trm ca tng khi lng hn hp BTN (ct liu th, ct liu mn, bt khong, nha ng), hoc tnh
theo phn trm tng khi lng ct liu (ct liu th, ct liu mn, bt khong).
Cch biu th hm lng nha theo phn trm ca tng khi lng hn hp BTN, k hiu l Pb, c

p dng ph bin trn th gii v c s dng trong Tiu chun ny.

3.13 Hm lng nha ti u (Optimum asphalt content)
Hm lng nha c xc nh khi thit k BTN, ng vi mt t l phi trn ct liu chn, v tha
mn tt c cc yu cu k thut quy nh vi ct liu v BTN c ch ra ti Tiu chun thi cng v
nghim thu mt ng BTN.
3.14 Hm lng nha hp ph (Absorbed Asphalt Content)
Lng nha b ct liu hp ph vo trong cc l rng b mt ht ct liu, c biu th bng t l
phn trm khi lng ca hn hp ct liu; k hiu l Pba.
3.15 Hm lng nha c hiu (Effective Asphalt Content)
Hm lng nha c hiu ca hn hp BTN c tnh bng lng nha c trong hn hp BTN tr i
lng nha b hp ph vo ht ct liu, k hiu l Pbe. Hm lng nha c hiu c biu th bng
phn trm khi lng ca hn hp BTN. Lng nha c hiu to nn lp ph b ngoi cc ht ct liu
v l lng nha chi phi cc c tnh c l ca hn hp BTN.

TCVN 8820 : 2011

3.16 T trng ln nht (Maximum Specific Gravity)
T trng ca hn hp BTN khi hn hp khng c rng d ( rng d bng 0), c k hiu l
Gmm.
3.17 T trng khi (Bulk Specific Gravity)
T s gia khi lng ca BTN m nn so vi khi lng nc c cng th tch cng nhit .
3.18 Khi lng th tch (Unit Weight)
Khi lng ca mt n v th tch BTN m nn.
3.19 rng d (Air Voids)
Tng th tch ca tt c cc bt kh nh nm gia cc ht ct liu c bc nha trong hn hp
BTN m nn. rng d c biu th bng phn trm ca th tch mu hn hp BTN m
nn, k hiu l Va. Cn c gi l rng.
3.20 rng ct liu (Voids in the Mineral Aggregate)
Th tch ca khong trng gia cc ht ct liu ca hn hp BTN m nn, th tch ny bao gm
rng d v th tch nha c hiu. rng ct liu c biu th bng phn trm ca th tch mu
hn hp BTN m nn, k hiu l VMA.
3.21 rng lp y nha (Voids Filled with Asphalt)
Th tch ca khong trng gia cc ht ct liu (VMA) b phn nha c hiu lp y. rng lp y
nha c biu th bng phn trm ca th tch nha c hiu chia cho rng ct liu (VMA), k hiu
l VFA.

4 Phn loi b tng nha

Mt s cch phn loi chnh c nu di y
4.1 Phn loi theo c ht danh nh ln nht ca ct liu
Theo cch phn loi ny, BTN thng c phn thnh cc loi c c ht danh nh ln nht l: 37,5
mm; 25,0 mm; 19,0 mm; 12,5 mm; 9,5 mm v 4,75 mm (tng ng vi vic phn loi theo c ht ln
nht l 50 mm; 37,5 mm; 25,0 mm; 19,0 mm; 12,5 mm v 9,5 mm).
4.2 Phn loi theo c tnh ca cp phi hn hp ct liu
Theo c tnh ca cp phi ct liu, BTN thng c phn thnh cc loi:
a) BTN c cp phi cht (dense graded mix);
b) BTN c cp phi gin on (gap graded mix);
c) BTN c cp phi h (open graded mix).
4.3 Phn loi theo rng d
Theo rng d, BTN thng c phn thnh cc loi:
-

BTN cht, c rng d t 3% - 6%.

BTN rng, bao gm cc loi BTN c rng d ln hn 6 %.

TCVN 8820 : 2011

4.4 Phn loi theo v tr v cng nng trong kt cu mt ng
Theo v tr v cng nng trong kt cu mt ng, BTN thng c phn thnh cc loi:

BTN c nhm cao, tng kh nng khng trt: s dng cho ng t cp cao, ng cao
tc, cc on ng nguy him. Lp BTN ny c ph trn mt BTN, ngay sau khi thi cng cc
lp BTN pha di hoc c ph sau ny, khi nng cp mt ng.

BTN dng lm lp mt (surface course mixture), bao gm:

+

BTN dng lm lp mt trn (wearing course mixture): thng s dng BTN cht.

BTN dng lm lp mt di (binder course mixture): thng s dng BTN cht.

BTN dng lm lp mng (base course mixture): loi BTN cht v BTN rng u c th s dng lm
lp mng. BTN rng c gi thnh thp hn do khng cn s dng bt khong v hm lng nha
thp hn so vi BTN cht.

BTN ct (sand-asphalt mixture): s dng lm lp mt ti khu vc c ti trng xe khng ln, va h,

ln dnh cho xe p, xe th s. C th s dng lm 1 lp b vnh mng trc khi ri lp BTN
ln trn. Ct liu s dng cho BTN ct l ct nghin, ct t nhin hoc hn hp ca hai loi ct
ny.

5 Nguyn tc thit k hn hp BTN theo phng php Marshall

Cng tc thit k hn hp BTN theo phng php Marshall nhm mc ch tm ra hm lng nha ti
u ng vi hn hp ct liu chn. Vic thit k phi tun th cc yu cu sau:
-

Tt c cc vt liu s dng ( dm, ct, bt khong, nha ng) u phi tho mn cc ch tiu
c l theo quy nh ca Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN.

ng cong cp phi ca hn hp ct liu sau khi phi trn phi nm trong gii hn ca ng
bao cp phi quy nh ti Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN.

Hm lng nha ti u la chn phi tha mn cc ch tiu lin quan n c tnh th tch (
rng d, rng ct liu...), cc ch tiu th nghim theo Marshall ( n nh, do...) v cc ch
tiu b sung nu c theo quy nh ca Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN.

6 Cn c thit k hn hp BTN theo phng php Marshall

6.1 Trong Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN c quy nh cc ni dung sau, l c s
thit k hn hp BTN v la chn hm lng nha ti u:
-

Yu cu k thut ca cc ch tiu c l ca ct liu th ( dm); ct liu mn (ct); bt kho ng (vi

loi BTN c s dng bt khong).

Gii hn ng bao cp phi hn hp ct liu: kch c sng, gii hn lng lt qua sng (cn trn,
cn di) ng vi tng c sng.

Loi nha ng ph hp v yu cu k thut cc ch tiu c l ca nha ng. Kho ng hm

lng nha tham kho (tnh theo phn trm ca tng khi lng hn hp BTN).

Nhit trn hn hp BTN v nhit c mu hn hp BTN theo phng php Marshall.

Phng php m mu Marshall (Marshall tiu chun, Marshall ci tin), s chy m/mt.
9

TCVN 8820 : 2011

-

Yu cu k thut ca cc ch tiu v c tnh th tch ca mu BTN m theo Marshall: rng d

(Va); rng ct liu (VMA), rng lp y nha (VFA)...

Yu cu k thut ca cc ch tiu ca mu BTN theo Marshall: n nh (Stability), do (Flow),

n nh Marshall cn li.

Yu cu k thut ca mt s cc ch tiu khc lin quan n cht lng vt liu, cht lng BTN
(nu trong Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN c quy nh).

6.2 Vic thit k hn hp BTN theo phng php Marshall phi tha mn cc ch tiu quy nh nu
trn.

7 Cc giai on v ni dung thit k hn hp BTN

Cng tc thit k hn hp BTN lin quan rt mt thit vi tin thi cng ca cng trnh. Cng tc thit
k hn hp BTN c chia lm 4 giai on:
-

Giai on 1: Thit k s b (Preliminary design hoc cold bin mix design);

Giai on 2: Thit k hon chnh (hot bin mix design);

Giai on 3: Ph duyt cng thc ch to BTN sau khi ri th (Job-mix formula verification);

Giai on 4: Kim sot cht lng hng ngy (Routine construction control).

Mi giai on trong qu trnh thit k u c vai tr ring; nhng tt c cc giai on u quan trng
v khng th b qua bt c giai on no. Cc ni dung thit k hn hp BTN cho mi giai on c
tm tt ti Hnh 1.
7.1 Giai on thit k s b (Giai on 1)
7.1.1 Mc ch chnh ca cng tc thit k s b l xc nh cht lng ca cc loi ct liu sn c ti
ni thi cng; i chiu vi cc yu cu k thut xem c ph hp hay khng; liu rng c th s dng
nhng ct liu ny sn xut ra BTN t yu cu v thnh phn ht v cc ch tiu quy nh vi hn
hp BTN hay khng.
7.1.2 Trng hp ti ni thi cng c nhiu ngun vt liu th phi tin hnh nhiu thit k vi cc
ngun vt liu khc nhau t la chn ra 1 hn hp ct liu c gi thnh thp nht ng thi tha
mn c tt c cc yu cu k thut ra.
7.1.3 Giai on ny s dng mu vt liu ly ti ngun cung cp hoc phu ngui ca trm trn
thit k. Thnh phn ht ca hn hp ct liu thng c chn nm gia min gii hn ca biu
thnh phn ht quy nh trong Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN.
7.1.4 Trnh t thit k hn hp BTN: tin hnh theo 7 bc (Hnh 1), chi tit xem ti Phn 8.
7.1.5 ngha ca giai on thit k s b:
-

Khng nh s ph hp ca ct liu v hn hp BTN s dng cc loi ct liu ny i vi cc yu

cu k thut ca cng trnh. Giai on ny c bit c ngha nu nh trc y cha c s liu
no v cc ngun ct liu sn c ti ni thi cng;

L c s tnh gi thnh xy dng;

Lm cn c tin hnh giai on thit k hon chnh.

7.2 Giai on thit k hon chnh (Giai on 2)

10

TCVN 8820 : 2011

7.2.1 Mc ch ca giai on thit k ny l tm ra thnh phn ht thc ca hn hp ct liu v hm
lng nha thc khi sn xut hn hp BTN ti trm trn. Thnh phn ht ca ct liu trong giai on
ny phi c thit k sao cho tng t nh thnh phn ht ca giai on thit k s b.
7.2.2 Giai on ny c tin hnh sau khi c kt qu thit k s b.
7.2.3 Trnh t thit k hn hp BTN: theo 7 bc (Hnh 1), tng t nh giai on thit k s b, ch
khc ch s dng ct liu ly t phu nng ca trm trn th nghim v thit k.

11

TCVN

Bc 7:
Xc
nh
hm
lng
nha
ti
u
8820 : 2011

Bc 7:
Xc
nh
hm
lng nha ti u

Hnh 1: Cc giai on v trnh t thit k hn hp BTN

7.2.4 Ngay trc khi tin hnh thit k hon chnh, phi tin hnh hiu chun cc phu ngui ca trm
trn BTN v thit lp biu quan h gia tc cp ct liu ngui v tc ca bng ti. Cch tin
hnh nh sau:
-

iu chnh sao cho kch thc ca ca phu bng hoc ln hn 3 ln kch thc ht ln nht ca
ct liu.

Vn hnh bng ti cp dm v ct ca trm trn vi cc tc bng ti bng: 20 %, 50 % v 70

% ca tc ti a. Thit lp ng cong quan h gia tc cp liu (tn/gi) v tc bng ti
(mt/pht) cho dm v ct.

Da trn kt qu thit lp ng cong quan h tc cp liu-tc bng ti, tnh ton tc

bng ti cho dm, cho ct t c cc t l dm, ct theo kt qu phi trn ti Bc 2
ca giai on thit k s b (Hnh 1).

a ton b trm trn vo vn hnh vi tc bng ti tnh ton cho dm v ct (tng t nh

khi sn xut i tr nhng ch khc l khng trn ct liu vi nha ng v bt khong ).

Khi trm trn trong trng thi hot ng n nh, ly mu ct liu t cc phu d tr ct liu
nng (ct liu t mi phu nng c coi l 1 loi ct liu), ly mu bt khong phn tch thnh
phn ht. Tnh ton t l phi hp gia cc loi ct liu tng t nh Bc 2 ca giai on thit k
s b. iu chnh tc ca bng ti cho ph hp sao cho ng cong cp phi hn hp ct liu
tng t nh kt qu ca Bc 2 ca giai on thit k s b.

7.2.5 ngha ca giai on thit k hon chnh:

-

Chng minh kh nng c th sn xut c hn hp BTN ti trm trn;

Hn hp BTN sn xut ra ph hp vi cc yu cu k thut ca cng trnh;

Lm cn c tin hnh sn xut th v ri th.

7.2.6 Nu s liu trong phng th nghim ch ra rng hn hp BTN tha mn cc yu cu k thut

ra th tin hnh sn xut th hn hp BTN ti trm trn v ri th ngoi hin trng.
7.3 Giai on ph duyt cng thc ch to BTN (Giai on 3)
7.3.1 Giai on ny bao gm 5 bc nh sau (Hnh 1):
-

Bc 1: Sn xut th Trn c s kt qu ca giai on thit k hon chnh, sn xut khong t

60 n 100 tn hn hp BTN ti trm trn.

Bc 2: Ri th ly lng hn hp BTN va trn th ri 1 on di t 200 n 300 m.

Bc 3: Kim tra hn hp BTN va trn th (th nghim trong phng i vi hn hp sn xut ti

trm trn)

Bc 4: Kim tra hn hp BTN sau khi ri th ngoi hin trng.

Bc 5: Ph duyt cng thc ch to BTN.

7.3.2 Nu kt qu th nghim trong phng v hin trng ch ra rng hn hp BTN khi sn xut th
ph hp vi cc yu cu k thut quy nh ti Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN v
12

TCVN 8820 : 2011

c tnh cng tc ph hp, c th thi cng bng cc phng tin hin c, m bo yu cu v cht,
bng phng, kch thc hnh hc... th y l thi im Nh thu trnh cng thc ch to BTN
T vn v Ch u t ph duyt. Cng thc ch to BTN bao gm cc ni dung sau:
-

Ngun ct liu v nha ng dng cho hn hp BTN;

Kt qu th nghim cc ch tiu c l ca nha ng, ct liu dm, ct, bt khong ph hp

vi quy nh trong Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN;

Thnh phn cp phi ca hn hp ct liu;

T l ca cc loi ct liu: dm, ct, bt khong ti phu ngui, phu nng;

Kt qu thit k hn hp BTN v hm lng nha ti u;

Cc gi tr nhit thi cng quy nh: trn, x hn hp ra khi my trn, vn chuyn ti cng
trng, khi ri, khi lu;

Phng n thi cng ngoi hin trng nh: chiu dy lp BTN cha lu ln, s lu, s lt lu trn
1 im, nhm mt ng...

7.3.3 Cng thc ch to BTN c ph duyt trn l c s cho ton b cc cng tc tip theo, t sn
xut, thi cng, nghim thu n thanh quyt ton gia Nh thu vi Ch u t sau ny.
7.4 Kim sot cht lng hng ngy trong qu trnh sn xut v thi cng (Giai on 4)
Cng tc kim sot cht lng hng ngy bao gm 2 bc nh sau (Hnh 1):
-

Bc 1: Kim sot cht lng trong qu trnh sn xut, vic kim sot cht lng ti bc ny
tng t nh Bc 3 ca giai on ph duyt cng thc ch to BTN.

Bc 2: Kim sot cht lng sau khi thi cng - tng t nh Bc 4 ca giai on ph duyt
cng thc ch to BTN.

7.4.1 Kim sot cht lng trong qu trnh sn xut

7.4.1.1 Mc ch ca giai on ny l nhm kim sot s n nh v cht lng BTN, m bo dung
sai ca cp phi ht ct liu v hm lng nha so vi cng thc ch to hn hp BTN nm trong gii
hn quy nh ti Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN.
7.4.1.2 Cng tc ny c tin hnh theo 1 k hoch nh sn, vi tn sut ly mu kim tra nht
nh. Mu ct liu nng v hn hp BTN c ly ti trm trn. Mc ch ca cng tc ny l kim tra
hn hp BTN sn xut hng ngy sau so snh vi Cng thc ch to BTN c ph duyt
pht hin ra nhng thay i bt thng, t c nhng iu chnh cho thch hp.
7.4.1.3 Khi pht hin ra nhng thay i qu ln (cht lng ngun vt liu u vo, bin i ln v
cht lng ca vt liu...) vt qu kh nng iu chnh ca trm trn th phi tin hnh thit k li
hn hp BTN v xc lp li cng thc ch to hn hp BTN.
7.4.1.4 Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN s quy nh chi tit tn sut ly mu kim
tra, ch tiu kim tra cho giai on ny.
7.4.2 Kim sot cht lng sau khi thi cng
7.4.2.1 Cng tc ny bao gm rt nhiu hng mc khc nhau, trong vic khoan mu xc nh
cht lin quan trc tip n cng tc thit k hn hp BTN.
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7.4.2.2 Cng tc ny cng chnh l c s tin hnh nghim thu cng trnh.
7.4.2.3 Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng b tng nha s quy nh chi tit ch tiu kim
tra, mt kim tra cho giai on ny.

8 Trnh t thit k hn hp BTN theo phng php Marshall

Trnh t thit k hn hp BTN theo Marshall c tin hnh theo 7 bc c chi tit di y.
8.1 Th nghim xc nh cc ch tiu c l ca ct liu v nha ng
Tin hnh th nghim xc nh cc ch tiu c l ca dm, ct, bt khong, nha ng. i chiu
vi yu cu quy nh ti Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN nh gi cht lng.
Nu vt liu no khng cht lng quy nh phi c bin php thay th.
8.2 Phi trn cc ct liu
8.2.1 Mc ch ca cng tc phi trn ct liu l phi tm ra t l cc nhm ct liu ( dm, ct, bt
khong) hin c hn hp ct liu sau khi phi trn c thnh phn ht nm trong gii hn ng
bao cp phi hn hp ct liu quy nh trong Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN.
8.2.2 Cc loi ct liu: dm, ct, bt khong c sn xut ring. Vi dm, cn s dng 2 hoc
3 nhm c ht thit k ty thuc vo kch c ht danh nh ln nht ca hn hp BTN. V vy cn
thit phi phi trn tm ra hn hp ct liu ph hp.
8.2.3 Tin hnh phn tch thnh phn ht cc nhm ct liu: dm, ct, bt khong vi cc c sng
quy nh trong Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN.
8.2.4 Tnh ton tm ra t l phi trn gia cc nhm ct liu (tnh theo phn trm tng khi lng
ct liu) sao cho cp phi hn hp ct liu thit k nm trong gii hn ng bao cp phi quy nh ti
Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN. ng cong cp phi hn hp ct liu thit k
phi u n, khng c thay i t gii hn di ca mt c sng ln gii hn trn ca c sng k
tip hoc ngc li.
8.2.5 Nguyn l tnh ton phi trn c chi tit ti Ph lc A. Vic tnh ton phi trn c th c tin
hnh bng cch p dng cng thc ton, bng bng tnh Microsoft Excel hoc bng phn mm
chuyn dng (xem Ph lc A).
8.3 Chun b mu hn hp ct liu c mu Marshall
8.3.1 S lng mu ct liu cn thit:
-

c mu Marshall, xc nh t trng khi ca BTN v th nghim Marshall: 15 mu (5 t mu,

mi t 3 mu);

xc nh t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN: 5 mu nu xc nh theo cch th nht (xem ti

8.5.5.1) hoc 2 mu nu xc nh theo cch th hai (xem ti 8.5.5.2).

kim tra cc ch tiu c l ca mu BTN sau khi bit hm lng nha ti u: 3 mu.

xc nh n nh Marshall cn li ca mu BTN sau khi bit hm lng nha ti u: 2 mu.

kim tra cc ch tiu BTN b sung sau khi bit hm lng nha ti u: s lng mu theo quy
nh ca Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN.

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8.3.2 Chun b ct liu: cn c s lng mu cn thit, chun b lng hn hp ct liu, sy kh,
sng thnh cc c ht ring bit, sau phi trn cc c ht li to thnh cc mu hn hp ct liu
ring bit:
-

Trng hp th nghim theo phng php Marshall thng thng: lng hn hp ct liu cho mi
mu khong 1200 g;

Trng hp th nghim theo theo phng php Marshall ci tin: lng hn hp ct liu cho mi
mu khong 4000 g.

8.4 Trn ct liu vi nha ng, m mu Marshall

8.4.1 D on hm lng nha ti u
8.4.1.1 thit k hn hp BTN, cn phi ch to 5 t mu hn hp BTN vi 5 gi tr hm lng
nha cch nhau 0,5 %. Vic chn c gi tr hm lng nha gia 5 gi tr hm lng nha, qua
tnh c 4 gi tr hm lng nha cn li l cn thit. Hm lng nha c chn ny cn phi
tha mn iu kin sao cho hm lng nha ti u xc nh c nm trong khong gia ca 5 gi tr
hm lng nha ca mu BTN th nghim. Hm lng nha c chn ny gi l hm lng nha ti
u d on.
8.4.1.2 Trng hp trong Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN c a ra khong hm
lng nha ng tham kho th hm lng nha ng ti u d on c chn nm trong
khong hm lng nha ng tham kho .
8.4.1.3 Trng hp Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN khng a ra khong hm
lng nha ng tham kho, cn thit phi xc nh hm lng nha ti u d on. C th xc
nh hm lng nha ti u d on theo cng thc sau:
P = 0,035a + 0,045b + Kc + F
Trong :
-

P l hm lng nha ti u d on (tnh theo % tng khi lng hn hp BTN);

a l phn trm ct liu nm trn sng 2,36mm, a vo di dng s nguyn (v d 22,3 % th

ghi l 22);

b l phn trm ct liu lt sng 2,36mm v nm trn sng 0,075mm; a vo di dng s

nguyn;

c l phn trm ct liu lt sng 0,075mm; a vo di dng s thp phn

6,25);

K chn l 0,15 nu lng lt sng 0,075mm t 11 n 15%; K chn l 0,18 nu lng lt sng
0,075mm t 6 n 10%; K chn l 0,20 nu lng lt sng 0,075mm t 0 n 5%;

F chn gi tr t 0,2 n 0,6 ph thuc vo hp ph nha ng ca ct liu th. Ct liu c

hp ph nha (hoc hp ph nc) nh th chn gi tr thp v ngc li.

8.4.2 Trn ct liu vi nha ng

8.4.2.1 Xc nh s lng mu BTN cn thit (theo 8.3) tin hnh chun b mu nha ng v
trn mu hn hp BTN, bao gm:
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c mu Marshall, xc nh t trng khi ca BTN v th nghim Marshall: Trn 5 t mu ct liu

(mi t 3 mu) vi 5 hm lng nha thay i khc nhau 0,5 % xung quanh gi tr hm lng
nha ti u d on.

Xc nh t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN: Trn 5 mu ct liu vi 5 hm lng nha nu xc

nh theo cch th nht (theo 8.5.5.1) hoc 2 mu vi hm lng nha ti u d kin nu xc nh
theo cch th hai (theo 8.5.5.2).

Kim tra cc ch tiu c l ca mu BTN ng vi hm lng nha ti u: Trn 3 mu ct liu vi

hm lng nha ti u bit (trn c s thit k hn hp BTN).

Xc nh n nh Marshall cn li ca mu BTN ng vi hm lng nha ti u: Trn 2 mu ct

liu vi hm lng nha ti u bit.

Kim tra cc ch tiu BTN b sung ng vi hm lng nha ti u: s lng mu BTN theo quy
nh ca Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN.

8.4.2.2 Vic trn hn hp ct liu vi nha ng c tin hnh theo trnh t sau:
-

Cn xc nh khi lng ca cc mu nha ng vi hm lng nha chn (tnh theo % khi

lng hn hp BTN).

Cho mu nha ng vo trong t sy v gia nhit n nhit trn c quy nh trong Tiu
chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN.

Cho mu ct liu vo mt t sy khc v nung nng n nhit cao hn nhit trn l 15 oC.

Trn ct liu vi nha.

8.4.3 m mu Marshall
8.4.3.1 Thit b m mu Marshall, dng c th nghim, trnh t m mu theo quy nh ti TCVN
8860-1:2011.
8.4.3.2 5 t mu hn hp BTN (mi t 3 mu) trn ln lt c a vo khun m mu.
Chiu cao ca mu hn hp BTN sau khi m trong khun phi trong khong quy nh (63,5 mm
1,3 mm khi m theo Marshall thng thng hoc 95,2 mm 1,8 mm khi m theo Marshall ci tin).
Thng thng, hn hp ct liu c khi lng khong 1200 g (khi m theo phng php Marshall
thng thng) hoc khong 4000 g (khi m theo phng php Marshall ci tin) s cho mu c c
chiu cao ph hp.
8.4.3.3 Trng hp chiu cao mu khng nm trong khong quy nh th iu chnh lng ct liu cn
thit c mu nh sau:

Lng ct liu cn thit, g =

A x Lng ct liu s dng (g)

Chiu cao mu ng vi lng ct liu s dng (mm)

Trong :
-

A bng 63, 5 mm khi m theo Marshall thng thng.

A bng 95,2 mm khi m theo Marshall ci tin.

8.4.3.4 Nhit m to mu Marshall c quy nh ti Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu BTN, ph
thuc vo loi nha ng (bitum) s dng.
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8.5 Th nghim v tnh ton cc ch tiu c tnh th tch ca hn hp BTN
Cc th nghim v cc ch tiu tnh ton cn thit lin quan n c tnh th tch phc v thit k hn
hp BTN tun theo trnh t sau:
1) Th nghim xc nh t trng ca nha ng theo TCVN 7501:2005. C th xc nh trc
(xem ti Mc 8.1).
2) Th nghim xc nh t trng ct liu th (theo AASHTO T 85-2000; t trng ca ct liu mn
(theo AASHTO T 84-2000; t trng ca bt khong (theo TCVN 4195:1995, th nghim ti
nhit 250C, tng ng vi t trng ca nc l 1 g/cm 3). C th xc nh trc theo
hng dn ti 8.1.
3) Tnh t trng khi, t trng biu kin ca hn hp ct liu.
4) Tnh t trng c hiu ca hn hp ct liu.
5) Th nghim xc nh t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN trng thi ri.
6) Th nghim xc nh t trng khi, khi lng th tch ca mu BTN m.
7) Tnh hm lng nha hp ph.
8) Tnh hm lng nha c hiu.
9) Tnh rng ct liu ca hn hp BTN m.
10) Tnh rng d ca hn hp BTN m.
11) Tnh rng lp y nha ca hn hp BTN m.
8.5.1 Th nghim xc nh t trng nha ng
T trng ca nha ng c k hiu l Gb.
8.5.2 Th nghim xc nh t trng ca ct liu
8.5.2.1 Th nghim xc nh t trng ca ct liu th ( dm), ct liu mn (ct), bt khong s a ra
cc kt qu ng vi 3 loi t trng v hp ph nc:
-

T trng khi (Bulk Specific Gravity);

T trng khi (bo ha-kh b mt)( Bulk Specific Gravity-saturated surface-dry);

T trng biu kin (Apperent Specific Gravity);

hp ph nc (Absorption).

8.5.2.2 Cc kt qu th nghim trn c s dng vi mc ch sau:

-

T trng khi (Bulk Specific Gravity) ca ct liu ( dm, ct) c s dng tnh t trng khi
ca hn hp ct liu.

T trng biu kin (Apperent Specific Gravity) ca ct liu ( dm, ct, bt khong) c s dng
tnh t trng biu kin ca hn hp ct liu.

i vi bt khong, do kh c th xc nh chnh xc c t trng khi nn s dng t trng biu

kin thay cho t trng khi, vic thay th ny khng lm sai lch ng k kt qu tnh ton.

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hp ph nc (Absorption) ca ct liu l c s d on lng hp ph nha (nhiu ti liu

khuyn ngh hp ph nha ca ct liu xp x bng 0,5 hp ph nc ca ct liu).

8.5.3 Tnh t trng khi, t trng biu kin ca hn hp ct liu

8.5.3.1 T trng khi ca hn hp ct liu
T trng khi ca hn hp ct liu c tnh theo cng thc sau:

P1

P2

+ ...

Pn

Gsb =

(1)
P1

P2
+

G1

Pn
+ ...

G2

Gn

Trong :
-

Gsb l t trng khi ca hn hp ct liu.

P1, P2, ..., Pn l hm lng tng loi ct liu, tnh theo % ca tng khi lng hn hp ct
liu.

G1, G2, ..., Gn l t trng khi ca tng loi ct liu c trong hn hp ct liu.

8.5.3.2 T trng biu kin ca hn hp ct liu

T trng biu kin ca hn hp ct liu c tnh theo cng thc sau:
P1

P2

+ ...

Pn

Gsa =
P1

P2
+

G1

(1)

Pn
+ ...

G2

Gn

Trong :
-

Gsa l t trng biu kin ca hn hp ct liu.

P1, P2, ..., Pn l hm lng tng loi ct liu, tnh theo % ca tng khi lng hn hp ct liu.

G1, G2,..., Gn l t trng biu kin ca tng loi ct liu c trong hn hp ct liu.

8.5.4 Tnh t trng c hiu ca hn hp ct liu

T trng c hiu ca hn hp ct liu c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
Pmm

Pb

Gse =

(2)
Pmm

Pb
-

Gmm

Gb

Trong :

18

Gse l t trng c hiu ca hn hp ct liu;

Gmm l t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN (c xc nh ti Mc 9.5.5);

Pmm l phn trm khi lng ca tng khi lng hn hp trng thi ri (Pmm= 100);

Pb l hm lng nha, tnh theo % tng khi lng hn hp BTN;

TCVN 8820 : 2011

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Gb l t trng ca nha ng.

CH THCH 1:
T trng c hiu ca ct liu lun nm trong gii hn gia t trng khi v t trng biu ki n. Nu kt qu tnh t
trng c hiu nm ngoi gii hn trn th kt qu l sai. Khi cn phi kim tra li gi tr t trng ln ca
hn hp BTN theo th nghim, kim tra li t l phi trn ct liu v hm lng nha tm ra nguyn nhn dn
n sai st.

8.5.5 Xc nh t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN

C 2 cch xc nh t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN ng vi hm lng nha khc nhau.
8.5.5.1 Cch th nht
Th nghim xc nh 5 gi tr t trng ln nht ca mu BTN ri ng vi 5 hm lng nha ng
khc nhau.
8.5.5.2 Cch th hai
T trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN xc nh theo cch ny c khuyn ngh p dng. Trnh t tin
hnh nh sau:
-

Th nghim xc nh t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN ca 2 mu BTN c hm lng nha ti u

d kin. T trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN (Gmm) l trung bnh cng ca 2 gi tr t trng ln
nht ca 2 mu.

Tnh t trng c hiu ca hn hp ct liu (Gse) theo cng thc 2 (Mc 8.5.4) vi gi tr t trng ln
nht ca hn hp BTN bit (Gmm).

T trng c hiu ca hn hp ct liu ny (Gse) c xem l khng i ti tt c cc hm lng

nha (bi v lng nha hp ph ti cc hm lng nha khc nhau th gn tng t nhau). Tnh
t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN ti cc hm lng nha khc theo cng thc di y.
Pmm
Gmm =

(3)
Ps
Gse

Pb
+

Gb

Trong :
-

Gmm l t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN;

Pmm l phn trm khi lng ca hn hp BTN trng thi ri ( Pmm= 100);

Ps l t l ct liu, tnh theo % tng khi lng hn hp BTN;

Pb l hm lng nha, tnh theo % tng khi lng hn hp BTN;

Gse l t trng c hiu ca hn hp ct liu;

Gb l t trng ca nha.

8.5.6 Th nghim xc nh t trng khi v khi lng th tch ca mu BTN m

T trng khi ca mu BTN m, k hiu l Gmb, c xc nh theo TCVN 8860-5: 2011.
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Khi lng th tch ca mu BTN c tnh bng cch ly gi tr t trng khi ca mu BTN nhn vi
khi lng th tch ca nc. Khi th nghim nhit trong phng 25 C, khi lng ring ca
nc c ly bng 1g/cm 3.
8.5.7 Tnh hm lng nha hp ph
Hm lng nha hp ph c tnh theo cng thc sau:

Gse Gsb
Pba
=

100 x

x Gb

(4)

Gsb x Gse

Trong :
-

Pba l hm lng nha hp ph, % khi lng ca hn hp ct liu;

Gse l t trng c hiu ca hn hp ct liu;

Gsb l t trng khi ca hn hp ct liu;

Gb l t trng ca nha.

8.5.8 Tnh hm lng nha c hiu

Hm lng nha c hiu c tnh theo cng thc sau:
Pba
Pbe =

Pb -

x Ps

(5)

100
Trong :
-

Pbe l hm lng nha c hiu, % khi lng ca hn hp BTN;

Pb l hm lng nha, % khi lng hn hp BTN;

Pba l lng nha hp ph, % khi lng ct liu;

Ps l t l ct liu, % khi lng hn hp BTN.

8.5.9 Tnh rng ct liu ca hn hp BTN m

rng ct liu c tnh theo cng thc sau:
Gmb x Ps
VMA =

100 -

(6)
Gsb

Trong :
-

VMA l rng ct liu, tnh theo % tng th tch hn hp BTN;

Gsb l t trng khi ca hn hp ct liu;

Gmb l t trng khi ca mu BTN m nn;

Ps l t l ct liu, tnh theo % khi lng hn hp BTN.

8.5.10 Tnh rng d ca hn hp BTN m

rng d c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
20

TCVN 8820 : 2011

Gmm Gmb
Va =

100
x

(7)
Gmm

Trong :
-

Va l rng d ca hn hp BTN m, tnh theo % ca th tch mu BTN;

Gmm l t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN;

Gmb l t trng khi ca hn hp BTN m.

8.5.11 Tnh rng lp y nha ca hn hp BTN m

rng lp y nha c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
100 (VMA Va)
VFA =

(8)
VMA

Trong :
-

VFA l rng lp y nha ca hn hp BTN m, tnh theo % ca rng ct liu

(VMA);

VMA l rng ct liu, tnh theo % th tch mu BTN;

Va l rng d, tnh theo % th tch mu BTN.

Ph lc B a ra v d tnh ton cc c tnh th tch ca hn hp BTN.

8.6 Th nghim xc nh n nh, do trn cc mu Marshall
8.6.1 Th nghim ny tin hnh sau khi hon tt th nghim xc nh t trng khi (v tnh khi
lng th tch) ca cc mu BTN m theo Marshall.
8.6.2 Yu cu v thit b, dng c th nghim, trnh t tin hnh th nghim theo hng dn ti TCVN
8860-1: 2011.
8.6.3 Tin hnh th nghim xc nh n nh v do vi 5 t mu BTN ng vi cc gi tr hm
lng nha khc nhau chn, mi t 3 mu.
8.6.4 Hiu chnh kt qu th nghim n nh vi cc mu c chiu cao khc vi chiu cao ca mu
chun (63,5 mm vi phng php Marshall thng thng hoc 95,2 mm vi phng php Marshall
ci tin) bng cch p dng h s hiu chnh (TCVN 8860-1: 2011).
8.6.5 Tnh do trung bnh ca 5 t mu ng vi tng hm lng nha v tnh n nh trung
bnh sau khi hiu chnh ca 5 t mu.
Ph lc B a ra v d kt qu th nghim n nh, do Marshall.
8.7 La chn hm lng nha ti u
8.7.1 Thit lp cc th quan h gia hm lng nha v cc ch tiu lin quan
8.7.1.1 V cc th quan h gia hm lng nha vi cc ch tiu lin quan: n nh, do,
rng d, rng ct liu, rng lp y nha, Khi lng th tch mu BTN, trong trc honh
biu th cc hm lng nha; trc tung biu th cc gi tr tng ng:

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-

n nh -Hm lng nha.

do-Hm lng nha.

rng d-Hm lng nha.

rng ct liu-Hm lng nha.

rng lp y nha -Hm lng nha.

Khi lng th tch mu BTN-Hm lng nha.

8.7.1.2 n nh, do, rng d, rng ct liu, rng lp y nha, Khi lng th tch
mu BTN l gi tr trung bnh cng ca 3 gi tr tng ng ca 3 mu th nghim.
8.7.1.3 Hnh 2 a ra mt v d v cc th quan h gia hm lng nha vi cc ch tiu lin quan:
n nh, do, rng d, rng ct liu, rng lp y nha, Khi lng th tch mu BTN
trn c s s liu ti Bng B5, Ph lc B.
8.7.2 Xc nh hm lng nha ti u
8.7.2.1 Cch th nht
p dng ph hp vi BTN cht. Vic xc nh hm lng nha ti u theo trnh t sau:
-

Cn c vo biu quan h rng d-Hm lng nha, xc nh hm lng nha ng vi

rng d bng 4%.

Da vo cc biu quan h cn li, xc nh cc gi tr: do, rng ct liu, rng lp y

nha ng vi hm lng nha va xc nh (hm lng nha ng vi rng d bng 4%).

So snh cc gi tr: do, rng ct liu, rng lp y nha va xc nh v i cc yu cu

k thut nu trong Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN. Nu cc ch tiu ny tha
mn th hm lng nha chn trn l hm lng nha ti u.

Nu khng tha mn, c th chn li hm lng nha ng ng vi rng d la chn, tr ong

khong rng d t ln hn 3,5% n nh hn 4,5% v tin hnh lp li cch xc nh trn. Nu
vn khng tha mn cn phi iu chnh li thit k hn hp BTN.

8.7.2.2 Cch th hai

p dng cho cc loi BTN.
-

Cn c yu cu k thut nu trong Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN tng ng,
da vo tng th quan h lp, xc nh khong hm lng nha tha mn tng ch tiu
tng ng: n nh, do, rng d, rng ct liu, rng lp y nha.

Xc nh khong hm lng nha tha mn tt c cc ch tiu nu trn. y l khong hm lng

nha ti u (khong hm lng nha c chp thun).

Chn 1 gi tr nm trong khong hm lng nha ti u ny. Thng chn gi tr gia khong
ny lm hm lng nha ti u. Nu khng tha mn cn phi iu chnh li thit k hn hp
BTN.

Hnh 3 a ra mt v d v biu xc nh hm lng nha ti u. Trn c s cc gi tr khong

hm lng nha tha mn tng ch tiu tng ng: n nh, do, rng d, rng ct liu
(da trn s liu ti Hnh 2) v khong hm lng nha ti u theo yu cu thit k vi b tng nha
(tham chiu ti TCVN 8819 : 2011, Bng 3), tin hnh xc nh khong hm lng nha tha mn
22

TCVN 8820 : 2011

cc ch tiu trn. l khong hm lng nha ti u. Gi tr hm lng nha ti u chn thit k
nm trong khong hm lng nha ti u, v thng chn gi tr trung gian.
CH THCH 2:
a). Trng hp gi tr hm lng nha ti u xc nh c khng trng vi bt k gi tr hm lng nha ca
mu th nghim, vic xc nh cc thng s ca BTN ( n nh, do, rng d, rng ct liu, Khi
lng th tch) ng vi hm lng ti u s c ni suy t cc th tng ng.
b). Nu cn thit, c 3 mu BTN vi hm lng nha ti u v th nghim xc n h cc thng s ca BTN.
So snh cc kt qu th nghim ny vi cc ch tiu yu cu tng ng quy nh ti Tiu chun thi cng v
nghim thu mt ng BTN xem xt tnh ph hp.

23

Quan h
rng ct liu - Hm lng nha

Quan h
do - Hm lng nha
3.0

17.0

2.8

16.8

do (mm)

rng ct liu (%)

TCVN 882017.2
: 2011

16.6
16.4
16.2

2.6
2.4
2.2

16.0
15.8

2.0
4

4.5

5.5

6.5

4.5

Hm lng nha (%)

5.5

6.5

Hm lng nha (%)

Hnh 2- th quan h gia hm lng nha vi cc ch tiu lin quan

Khong hm l-ng nha

ti -u (-c chp thun)

n nh

do

rng d-

rng ct liu

rng lp y nha

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

Hm l-ng nha, %

Hnh 3- Khong Hm lng nha ti u (chp thun)

CH THCH 3:
Vic th nghim xc nh n nh Marshall cn li, cc ch tiu b sung (nu quy nh ti Tiu chun thi cng
v nghim thu mt ng BTN) c tin hnh trn c s cc mu BTN ng vi hm lng nha ti u. So
snh cc kt qu th nghim ny vi cc ch tiu yu cu tng ng quy nh ti Tiu chun thi cng v nghim
thu mt ng BTN xem xt tnh ph hp.

8.7.3 Quy lut v v hnh dng ca cc ng cong quan h

Hnh dng cc biu quan h gia hm lng nha v cc c tnh c l ca hn hp BTN thng
tun theo nhng quy lut c trnh by di y.
-

24

n nh Marshall: ban u n nh tng dn theo chiu tng ca hm lng nha. Khi t

n 1 gi tr cc i no , n nh li gim theo chiu tng ca hm lng nha.

TCVN 8820 : 2011

-

do (bin dng): do tng theo chiu tng ca hm lng nha.

rng d: rng d s gim dn u theo chiu tng ca hm lng nha.

rng ct liu (VMA): ban u rng ct liu gim dn theo chiu tng ca hm lng nha.
Khi t n 1 gi tr cc tiu no th rng ct liu li tng dn theo chiu t ng ca hm
lng nha.

rng lp y nha (VFA): rng lp y nha tng dn u theo chiu tng ca hm lng
nha.

Khi lng th tch BTN: quy lut bin i ca khi lng th tch cng tng t nh quy lut ca
n nh Marshall. Tuy nhin, hm lng nha ng vi gi tr khi lng th tch BTN cc i s
ln hn mt cht so vi hm lng nha ng vi gi tr n nh cc i.

9 Yu cu chung i vi Phng th nghim hin trng

Phng th nghim hin trng c thit lp thc hin cc php th cn thit thit k hn hp
BTN, kim sot cht lng v a ra cc iu chnh thch hp, kp thi vn hnh trm trn nhm
m bo hn hp BTN sn xut ra lun c duy tr ph hp vi yu cu k thut.
Sau y l cc yu cu c bn i vi 1 phng th nghim hin trng i cng vi trm trn BTN.
9.1 Yu cu v c s h tng ca phng th nghim
Phng th nghim phi tha mn 1 s iu kin sau y:
-

Phng th nghim phi c b tr ngay st trm trn, c din tch nh nht l 15m 2, c cung
cp in, nc, v phi c h thng thng gi tt.

Phi c h thng bn, b vng chc t cc thit b th nghim.

Phi c t nht 2 ca s, trong c 1 ca nhn thng ra trm trn, c th quan st trm trong ton
b thi gian m trm hot ng.

9.2 Yu cu v thit b th nghim

Cc thit b chnh ca mt phng th nghim hin trng i cng vi trm trn bao gm:
-

My nn Marshall v khun mu.

My m mu Marshall.

My ly tm xc nh hm lng nha.

B thit b ht chn khng v bnh cha mu xc nh t trng ri.

Dng c xc nh t trng ca ct liu th gm gi t trng v cc thit b i km.

B dng c xc nh t trng ca ct liu mn gm cn, chy m v cc thit b i km.

B sng li thp mt vung vi cc c sng quy nh trong Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu
mt ng BTN .

Dng c xc nh gii hn chy, gii hn do.

Dng c xc nh ch tiu ct tng ng ES.

My khoan mu hin trng.

25

TCVN 8820 : 2011

-

Cc dng c khc: cn cc loi, t sy, nhit k; cc dng c ly mu, chia mu, xc mu, khay
ng mu, cho trn, chi lng,...

Cc thit b, dng c th nghim khc nu trong Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu BTN c quy
nh cc ch tiu th nghim b sung.

9.3 Yu cu v nhn lc
Phng th nghim phi c nhn lc v trnh tin hnh cc th nghim mt cch chnh xc, kp
thi phc v cho cng tc sn xut. Cc th nghim vin c phn cng lm th nghim lin quan
n thit k hn hp BTN phi c chng ch o to ph hp, c kin thc v vt liu xy dng ni
chung v v BTN ni ring.

9.4 Yu cu v h thng qun l cht lng

Phng th nghim phi c h thng qun l iu hnh, theo di ton b cc hot ng ca phng.
Phng th nghim phi c bin php kim sot nhng vn sau y:
-

Kim sot h thng ti liu, h thng Tiu chun lin quan n BTN;

Kim sot h thng h s;

Cng tc xem xt yu cu k thut ca BTN;

Qun l cc thit b th nghim;

iu chnh vic sn xut BTN ti trm trn khi pht hin nhng thay i bt k i vi BTN sn
xut;

Cng tc o to v o to li nhn vin th nghim trong phng.

26

TCVN 8820 : 2011

Ph lc A
(tham kho)

Hng dn thit k phi trn ct liu

A.1 Nguyn tc chung
A.1.1 Trong cng tc thit k hn hp BTN, cng vic u tin l phi phi trn ct liu ( dm, ct,
bt ) chn ra 1 hn hp ct liu c thnh phn ht t yu cu k thut.
A.1.2 Vic phi trn ct liu c tin hnh theo nguyn tc sau: i vi bt k 1 hn hp ct liu no
th lng lt sng (%) ca hn hp ct liu qua 1 c sng bt k u tun theo cng thc sau:
P = Aa + Bb + Cc + Dd + ...

(B1)

Trong :
-

P l lng lt qua sng (%) ca 1 c sng bt k ca hn hp ct liu;

A, B, C,D,..l lng lt qua sng (%) ca 1 c sng bt k ca tng loi ct liu s dng
phi trn;

a, b, c,d,...l t l phi trn ca tng loi ct liu s dng phi trn.

a+b+c+d+...= 1 (100%)

(B2)

A.1.3 Da vo cng thc B1 v B2, trn c s bit cp phi ca tng loi ct liu (lng lt sng
qua cc c sng bt k A, B, C, D...), tin hnh la chn t l phi trn ca tng loi ct liu (a, b,
c,d,..) mt cch hp l sao cho hn hp ct liu c chn c thnh phn ht nm trong min gii
hn ng bao cp phi hn hp ct liu quy nh ti Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu.
A.1.4 Da trn nguyn tc ny tnh ton phi trn. thun tin cho vic tnh ton phi trn, tin
hnh lp phn mm tnh ton hoc s dng phn mm Microsoft Excel.
A.2 Mt s v d thit k phi trn ct liu
A.2.1 Phi trn vi 2 loi ct liu

27

TCVN 8820 : 2011

Cng thc p dng khi phi trn 2 loi ct liu l
P=

Aa + Bb

(B3)

V a + b = 1 (hay 100%) nn a = 1 b.
Thay a = 1 b vo cng thc B3 s c:
PA
b=

(B4)

BA

hoc
PB
a=

(B5)

AB

Gi s c 2 ct liu, ct liu I (k hiu CL I) v ct liu II (k hiu l CL II). Thnh phn ht (lng lt

sng) ca 2 loi ct liu, yu cu v thnh phn ht (lng lt sng yu cu), trung bnh lng lt
sng yu cu ca hn hp ct liu nu ti Bng B1.
Bng B1
C sng (mm)

19

12,5

9,5

4,75

2,36

0,6

0,3

0,15

0,075

Lng lt sng yu cu (%)

-Cn trn

100

100

90

70

50

29

23

16

10

-Cn di

100

80

70

50

35

18

13

-Trung bnh

100

90

80

60

42,5

23,5

18

12

CL I

100

90

59

16

3,2

1,1

CL II

100

100

100

96

82

51

36

21

9,2

Chn hm lng lt sng 2,36 mm lm chun. im trung bnh ca lng lt sng yu cu ti c sng
2,36 mm l 42,5. Tnh gi tr a v b theo cng thc B4:
PA
b=

BA

42,5 3,2
=

82 3,2

= 0,50

a = 1 0,5 = 0,5
T s liu ti Bng B1, bit a v b, tnh lng lt sng ca 2 loi ct liu (Aa, Bb) v ca hn hp ct
liu (P=Aa+Bb) trn cc c sng. Kt qu c nu ti Bng B2.
Bng B2
C sng (mm)

T l

19

12,5

9,5

4,75

2,36

0,6

0,3

0,15

0,075

100

90

70

50

29

23

16

10

Lng lt sng yu cu (%)

-Cn trn

28

100

TCVN 8820 : 2011

-Cn di

100

80

70

50

35

18

13

-Trung bnh

100

90

80

60

42,5

23,5

18

12

CL I

0,5

50

45

29,5

1,6

0,6

CL II

0,5

50

50

50

48

41

25

18

10,5

4,6

Hn hp ct

=1

100

95

79,5

56

42,6

25,6

18

10,5

4,6

liu

Qua Bng B.2, thy rng lng lt sng qua c sng 0,075 mm ca hn hp ct liu (4,6%) thp nn
c th nng t l ct liu II ln, c th l b = 0,55, v khi t l ct liu I l a = 0,45. Kt qu tnh t l
lng lt sng ca 2 loi ct liu v ca hn hp ct liu nh Bng B3.
Xt thy hm lng lt sng 0,6 mm qu cao (28,5%), gn vi gii hn trn ca lng lt sng yu
cu), v vy h t l ct liu II xung cn b= 0,52, khi t l ct liu I l a = 0,48. Kt qu tnh t l
lng lt sng ca 2 loi ct liu v ca hn hp ct liu c trnh by ti Bng B4.
Bng B3
C

sng

T l

19

12,5

9,5

4,75

2,36

0,6

0,3

0,15

0,075

(mm)
Lng lt sng yu cu (%)
-Cn trn

100

100

90

70

50

29

23

16

10

-Cn di

100

80

70

50

35

18

13

-Trung bnh

100

90

80

60

42,5

23,5

18

12

CL I

0,45

45

40,5

26,6

7,2

1,4

0,5

CL II

0,55

55

55

55

52,8

45,1

28

19,8

11,5

5,1

Hn hp ct

=1

100

95,5

81,6

60

46,5

28,5

19,8

11,5

5,1

liu

Bng B4
C

sng

T l

19

12,5

9,5

4,75

2,36

0,6

0,3

0,15

0,075

(mm)
Lng lt sng yu cu (%)
-Cn trn

100

100

90

70

50

29

23

16

10

-Cn di

100

80

70

50

35

18

13

-Trung bnh

100

90

80

60

42,5

23,5

18

12

48

43,2

28,3

7,7

1,5

0,5

CL I

0,48

29

TCVN 8820 : 2011

CL II

0,52

52

52

52

49,9

42,6

26,5

18,7

10,9

4,8

Hn hp ct

=1

100

95,2

80,3

57,6

44,1

27

18,7

10,9

4,8

liu

Hn hp ct liu ti Bng B4 tha mn yu cu (nm trong gii hn ca lng lt sng yu cu). Kt

qu phi trn:
Ct liu I: 48%
Ct liu II: 52%
A.2.2 Phi trn 5 loi ct liu (s dng hm Solver ca Microsoft Excel)
Cng thc c bn p dng khi phi trn 5 loi ct liu l:
P = Aa + Bb + Cc + Dd + Ee

(B5)

1=a+b+c+d+e

(B6)

Gi s c 5 loi ct liu, bit thnh phn ht (lng lt sng) ca tng loi ct liu ny:
-

Ct liu th ( dm), Dmax 25 mm, k hiu l D25;

Ct liu th ( dm), Dmax 9,5 mm, k hiu l D10;

Ct liu mn (ct xay), Dmax 4,75 mm, k hiu l D5;

Ct t nhin, Dmax 4,75 mm; k hiu l CTN;

Bt khong, k hiu l BK.

Cn phi tnh t l phi trn 5 loi ct liu trn (a, b, c, d, e) to thnh hn hp ct liu tha mn
yu cu quy nh (trong v d ny, cp phi ct liu thit k phi tha mn yu cu quy nh ti TCVN
8819:2011, Bng 1, vi loi BTNC 19). Trong , a l t l ca dm D25; b l t l ca dm D10;
c l t l ca ct xay D5; d l t l ct thin nhin CTN v e l t l ca bt khong BK.
Cch lm nh sau:
1/ Nhp s liu vo bng tnh Micrsoft Excel (Bng B5):
-

Nhp gi tr ng bao gii hn lng lt sng yu cu tng ng vi cc c sng: cn trn (dng

3), cn di (dng 4), trung bnh (dng 5).

Nhp gi tr lng lt sng tng ng vi cc c sng ca 5 loi ct liu: D25 (dng 6), D10 (dng
7), D5 (dng 8), CTN (dng 9) v BK (dng 10).
Bng B5
A

T l
phi
trn

25

19

12.5

9.5

4.75

2.36

1.18

0.6

0.3

0.075

C sng
(mm)

Lng lt sng yu cu (%)

Cn trn

100

100

86

78

61

45

33

25

17

Cn di

100

90

71

58

36

25

17

12

Trung bnh

100

95

78.5

68

48.5

35

25

18.5

12.5

6.5

4
5

30

TCVN 8820 : 2011

D25

100

86.3

30.6

7.4

2.1

0.3

0.3

0.2

D10

100

100

100

90.9

46.2

15.2

0.9

0.7

0.2

D5

100

100

100

100

90.5

70.1

45.5

18.9

12.5

7.4

CTN

100

100

100

98.8

95

89.3

78.1

45.6

8.7

0.9

10
11

BK
100
100
Kt qu chy chng trnh ln 1

100

100

100

100

100

100

96.4

76.1

12
13
14
15
16
17

D25
D10
D5
CTN
BK
Hn hp

10.1
20.4
34.0
9.4
3.2
77.1

2.4
18.6
34.0
9.3
3.2
67.5

0.7
9.4
30.8
8.9
3.2
53.0

0.1
3.1
23.9
8.4
3.2
38.6

0.1
0.2
15.5
7.3
3.2
26.3

0.1
0.1
6.4
4.3
3.2
14.1

0.0
0.0
4.3
0.8
3.0
8.1

0.0
0.0
2.5
0.1
2.4
5.0

6
7
8

0.33
0.20
0.34
0.09
0.03
1.00

33.0
20.4
34.0
9.4
3.2
100.0

28.5
20.4
34.0
9.4
3.2
95.5

2/ Thit lp quan h theo cng thc B5 (P = Aa + Bb + Cc + Dd + Ee) (Bng B5):

-

Gn cc gi tr a, b,c,d v e (cc gi tr bt k) vo cc t B12 ti B16.

Xc nh gi tr Aa tng ng vi cc c sng: c biu th t C12 n L12. Cc gi tr ny l

tch ca gi tr B12 vi gi tr cc tng ng t C6 n L6 (vit theo ngn ng Excel l:
C12=$B12*C6, D12=$B12*D6,...., L12=$B12*L6).

Xc nh gi tr Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee tng ng vi cc c sng: theo cch xc nh vi Aa, c

biu th tng ng t dng 13 n dng 16, t ct C n ct L.

Thit lp quan h P (P = Aa + Bb + Cc + Dd + Ee) tng ng vi cc c sng: c biu th t

C17 n L17. Cc gi tr ny l tng cc gi tr tng ng t dng 12 n dng 16, ct C n ct
L. V d nh C17= C12+C13+C14+C15+C16 (vit theo ngn ng Excel l C17= SUM(C12:C16)).

3/ Thit lp quan h theo cng thc B6 (1=a+b+c+d+e) (Bng B5):

-

Gi tr ti B17 bng tng gi tr t B12 n B16 (vit theo ngn ng Excel l B17=
SUM(B12:B16)).

Vic gn gi tr bng 1 cho B17 (1=a+b+c+d+e) c thc hin bng hm Solver.

4/ Khai bo cc ni dung trong hm Solver:

-

Trong Microsoft Excel, vo menu Tool Add in nh du ci t hm Solver. Sau khi ci t

xong, trong menu Tool s xut hin mc Solver.

Vo mc Solver trong menu Tool, s xut hin ca s Solver Parameter khai bo, thc hin
cc khai bo sau (Hnh B1):
Hnh B1

31

TCVN 8820 : 2011

Dng lnh Set Target Cell: nhp vo a ch B17 (vit theo ngn ng Excel l $B$17).

Dng lnh Equal To: chn mc Value of v nhp gi tr 1 (gi tr ca phng trnh B6).

Dng lnh By Changing Cells: nhp cc a ch t B12 n B16 (vit theo ngn ng Excel l
$B$1:$B$16).

Dng lnh Subject to the constraints: chn mc Add, s hin th ca s Add Contraint nhp
vo cc rng buc ca bi ton (Hnh B2).
Hnh B2

m bo iu kin cc gi tr ti t B12 n B16 (biu th cc gi tr a, b, c, d v e) khng

nhn gi tr m (-), nhp dng lnh $B$12:$B$16 vo ca s Cell Reference, chn du biu
thc >=, nhp s 0 vo ca sCosntraint v nhn nt OK. Dng lnh nhp s c hin th
ti Hnh B1 ($B$12:$B$16>=0).

m bo iu kin cc gi tr ca cc t C17 n L17 (lng lt sng ca cc c sng

ca hn hp ct liu) phi nm trong gii hn lng lt sng yu cu (nh hn gi tr cn trn
v ln hn gi tr cn di ca ng bao lng lt sng yu cu), nhp vo ca s Cell
Reference nh hng dn trn. Dng lnh nhp s c hin th ti Hnh B1 ($C$17>=$C$3,
$C$17<=$C$4;
$D$17<=$D$3,
$D$17>=$D$4;
$E$17<=$E$3,
$E$17>=$E$4;
...;
$L$17<=$L$3, $L$17>=$L$4).

5/ Chy chng trnh: sau khi nhp xong, chn nt Solve ca ca s Solver Parameter (Hnh B1).
Chng trnh s hin th kt qu phi trn, a ra t l phi trn t B12 n B16; a ra gi lng
lt sng ca hn hp ct liu t C17 n L17 (Bng B5-Kt qu chy chng trnh ln 1). Vic
chy chng trnh nhiu ln bng cch thay i gi tr t B12 n B16 s nhn c cc kt qu
phi trn khc. Mt s kt qu chy chng trnh c th hin Bng B6.
Bng B6

32

TCVN 8820 : 2011

A

T l
phi
trn

25

19

12.5

9.5

4.75

2.36

1.18

0.6

0.3

0.075

C sng
(mm)

Lng lt sng yu cu (%)

Cn trn

100

100

86

78

61

45

33

25

17

Cn di

100

90

71

58

36

25

17

12

Trung bnh

100

95

78.5

68

48.5

35

25

18.5

12.5

6.5

12.8
15.9
25.9
10.0
6.3
71.0

3.1
14.5
25.9
9.9
6.3
59.7

0.9
7.4
23.5
9.5
6.3
47.6

0.1
2.4
18.2
8.9
6.3
36.0

0.1
0.1
11.8
7.8
6.3
26.2

0.1
0.1
4.9
4.6
6.3
16.0

0.0
0.0
3.2
0.9
6.1
10.3

0.0
0.0
1.9
0.1
4.8
6.8

9.3
22.7
27.9
12.0
7.0
78.9

2.2
20.7
27.9
11.8
7.0
69.6

0.6
10.5
25.2
11.4
7.0
54.8

0.1
3.5
19.5
10.7
7.0
40.8

0.1
0.2
12.7
9.4
7.0
29.3

0.1
0.2
5.3
5.5
7.0
18.0

0.0
0.0
3.5
1.0
6.8
11.3

0.0
0.0
2.1
0.1
5.3
7.5

8.9
21.0
35.0
10.0
5.0
79.9

2.1
19.1
35.0
9.9
5.0
71.1

0.6
9.7
31.7
9.5
5.0
56.5

0.1
3.2
24.5
8.9
5.0
41.7

0.1
0.2
15.9
7.8
5.0
29.0

0.1
0.1
6.6
4.6
5.0
16.4

0.0
0.0
4.4
0.9
4.8
10.1

0.0
0.0
2.6
0.1
3.8
6.5

4
5
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

Kt qu chy chng trnh ln 2

D25
0.42
41.8
36.1
D10
0.16
15.9
15.9
D5
0.26
25.9
25.9
CTN
0.10
10.0
10.0
BK
0.06
6.3
6.3
100.0
94.3
Hn hp
1.00
Kt qu chy chng trnh ln 3
D25
0.30
30.4
26.2
D10
0.23
22.7
22.7
D5
0.28
27.9
27.9
CTN
0.12
12.0
12.0
BK
0.07
7.0
7.0
100.0
95.8
Hn hp
1.00
Kt qu chy chng trnh ln 4
D25
29.0
25.0
0.29
D10
21.0
21.0
0.21
D5
35.0
35.0
0.35
CTN
10.0
10.0
0.10
BK
5.0
5.0
0.05
100.0 96.0
Hn hp
1.00

6/ Chn t l phi trn hp l: so snh lng lt sng ca cc hn hp ct liu thu nhn c t cc

kt qu chy chng trnh (Bng B5, Bng B6) vi gii hn gi tr lng lt sng yu cu (ln nht,
nh nht, trung bnh) chn mt kt qu phi trn hp l.
Trong v d ny, chn t l phi trn ct liu theo kt qu chy chng trnh ln 4. T l phi trn ct
liu nh sau:
Ct liu D25

= 29%

Ct liu D10

= 21%

Ct liu D5

= 35%

Ct t nhin (CTN)

= 10%

Bt khong (BK)

= 5%

33

TCVN 8820 : 2011

Ph lc B
(tham kho)

Tnh cc c tnh th tch ca hn hp b tng nha. Bo co kt qu thit

k hn hp b tng nha theo phng php Marshall
B.1 S liu u vo v kt qu th nghim
B.1.1 Gi s s dng 5 loi ct liu (D25, D10, D5, CTN, BK) bit t l phi trn (Ph lc A- phi
trn theo A.2.2, kt qu chy chng trnh ln 4) thit k hn hp BTN, loi c ng knh ht ln
nht danh nh 19 mm lm lp mt di.
B.1.2 Kt qu th nghim kim tra cc ch tiu c l ca 5 loi ct liu (xem ti 8.1) tha mn yu cu
quy nh.

34

TCVN 8820 : 2011

B.1.3 Kt qu th nghim t trng ca 5 loi ct liu v nha ng (xem ti 8.5.1 v 8.5.2) c nu
ti Bng B1.
Bng B1 Kt qu th nghim
T trng
Vt liu

T trng
(Specific
Gravity)

(1)

(2)

T trng khi
(Bulk Specific
Gravity)

T trng biu kin

(Apperent Specific
Gravity)

T l phi trn, %
(tng khi lng
hn hp ct liu)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

2. dm D25

G1

2,761

G1a

2,792

P1

29

3. dm D10

G2

2,710

G2a

2,800

P2

21

3. Ct xay D5

G3

2,652

G3a

2,698

P3

35

4. Ct CTN

G4

2,562

G4a

2,610

P4

10

5. Bt khong BK

G5

2,810

G5a

2,810

P5

100

1. Nha ng

Gb

1,03
1

B.1.4 Chn 5 hm lng nha (tnh theo % khi lng hn hp BTN) l: 4,5%; 5,0%; 5,5 %; 6,0% v
6,5%. Chun b Cc mu hn hp ct liu ring bit, mi mu 1200 g. Tnh 5 lng nha ng ng
vi 5 hm lng nha chn cho vo cc mu hn hp ct liu c khi lng 1200 g theo Bng
B2.
Bng B2 - Khi lng nha dng c mu Marshall (tnh theo 1200 g ct liu)
STT

Hm lng nha
(% khi lng hn hp BTN)

Lng nha, g

Tng khi lng

hn hp BTN, g

4,5

56,5

1256,5

5,0

63,2

1263,2

5,5

69,8

1269,8

6,0

76,6

1276,6

6,5

83,4

1283,4

B.1.5 Trn 5 t mu (mi t 3 mu) vi 5 lng nha chn. Tin hnh c mu Marshall vi s
chy 75 x 2 (xem Mc 8.3 v 8.4). Th nghim xc nh t trng khi ca 5 t mu BTN ng vi 5 hm
hm lng nha (xem ti 8.5.6), tnh khi lng th tch mu BTN (s dng gi tr khi lng ring
ca nc bng 1 g/cm 3). Kt qu th nghim (gi tr trung bnh) ti Bng B3.
B.1.6 Trn 2 mu hn hp BTN vi hm lng nha 5,5 % (hm lng nha ti u d on). Th
nghim xc nh t trng ln nht ca 2 mu hn hp BTN (xem ti 8.5.5). Kt qu th nghim (gi tr
trung bnh) nu ti Bng B3.
Bng B3 - Kt qu th nghim mu BTN
Tn ch tiu
4,5
1. T trng khi ca mu BTN
m (Gmb)

2,354

Hm lng nha, Pb (%)

5,0
5,5
6,0
2,378

2,392

2,395

6,5
2,389

35

TCVN 8820 : 2011

2. Khi lng th tch ca mu
BTN m, g/cm3

2,354

2,378

2,392

3. T trng ln nht ca hn hp
BTN ri (Gmm)

2,395

2,389

2,488

B.2 Tnh cc ch tiu c tnh th tch ca hn hp BTN

B.2.1 Tnh t trng khi, t trng biu kin ca hn hp ct liu
B.2.1.1 T trng khi ca hn hp ct liu- Gsb
S dng cng thc (1) (xem ti 8.5.3), vi kt qu th nghim ti Bng B1, tnh c gi tr t trng
khi ca hn hp ct liu Gsb:
25
Gsb =

22

29

30

21
+

2,761

2,710

35
+

2,652

18

10
+

2,562

5
5

2,810

100
Gsb =

= 2,693

37,13

B.2.1.2 Tnh t trng biu kin ca hn hp ct liu -Gsa

S dng cng thc (1) (xem ti 8.5.3), vi kt qu th nghim ti Bng B1, tnh c gi tr t trng
biu kin ca hn hp ct liu Gsa:
25
Gsa =

22

29

30

21
+

2,792

2,800

35
+

2,698

18

10
+

2,610

5
5

2,810

100
Gsa =

= 2,742

36,47

B.2.2 Tnh t trng c hiu ca hn hp ct liu

S dng cng thc (2) (xem ti 8.5.4), bit Gb=1,031 (Bng B1); Gmm=2,488 tng ng vi hm
lng nha Pb=5,5% (Bng B3), tnh t trng c hiu ca hn hp ct liu:
Gse =

100

5,5

100

5,5

2,488

100
Gse =

36

40,193

1,031

5,5
5,335

94,5
=

34,858

= 2,711

TCVN 8820 : 2011

So snh gi tr Gse vi cc gi tr Gsb v Gsa ta thy: Gsb=2,693 < Gse=2,711 < Gsa=2,742, nn kt
qu th nghim v tnh ton c tin cy.
B.2.3 Tnh t trng ln nht ca hn hp ct liu ti cc hm lng nha khc nhau
S dng cng thc (3) (xem ti 8.5.5.2), coi t trng c hiu ca hn hp ct liu (Gse) ti tt c cc
hm lng nha l khng i (bi v lng nha hp ph ti cc hm lng nha khc nhau th gn
tng t nhau) tnh t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN ti cc hm lng nha khc nhau.
Bit Gb=1,031 (Bng B1), Gse =2,711 (c coi l khng i), tnh c t trng ln nht ca hn
hp BTN ti cc hm lng nha khc nhau.
V d, t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN vi hm lng nha l 5,0% (Pb=5,0; Ps=95) l:
100
Gmm =

95,0

5,0
+

2,711

1,031

100
Gmm =

35,042

100
4,850

34,858

2,507

B.2.4 Tnh hm lng nha hp ph

S dng cng thc (4) (xem ti 8.5.7), bit Gb=1,031 (Bng B1), Gsb=2,693, Gse =2,711, tnh c
lng nha hp ph ti hm lng nha 5,5%:
2,710 2,663
Pba =

100

Pba =

10
0

2,6693x2,711

x1,031

0,018
7,301

x1,031 = 0,254

Hm lng nha hp ph, Pba=0,254, c coi l khng i s dng tnh cc thng s sau.
B.2.5 Tnh hm lng nha c hiu ca hn hp BTN
S dng cng thc (5) (xem ti 8.5.8), bit Pba=0,254, bit cc gi tr Pb, Ps, tnh c hm lng
nha c hiu ca hn hp BTN vi cc hm lng nha khc nhau.
V d, hm lng nha c hiu ca hn hp BTN vi hm lng nha 5,5% (Pb=5,5; Ps=94,5) tnh
c l:
0,254
Pbe =

5,5 -

100

x94,5

= 5,260

B.2.6 Tnh rng ct liu ca hn hp BTN

S dng cng thc (6) (xem ti 8.5.9), Bit cc gi tr Gmb (Bng B3), bit Gsb=2,693), bit Ps, tnh
c rng ct liu ca hn hp BTN vi hm lng nha khc nhau.
V d, rng ct liu ti mu BTN c hm lng nha 5,5% (Gmb=2,392; Ps=94,5) l:
2,392x94,5
VMA

100 -

= 100 83,94 = 16,06

37

TCVN 8820 : 2011

2,693

B.2.7 Tnh rng d ca hn hp BTN m

S dng cng thc (7) (xem ti 8.5.10), bit cc gi tr Gmb (Bng B3), bit Gm (tnh ton ti B.2.3),
tnh c rng d cu mu BTN vi hm lng nha khc nhau.
V d, rng d ti mu c hm lng nha 5,5% (Gmb=2,392, Gmm=2,488) tnh c l:
2,488 2,392
Va =

100
x

2,488

= 3,859

B.2.8 Tnh rng lp y ca hn hp BTN m

S dng cng thc (8) (xem ti 8.5.11), bit VMA (tnh ton ti B.2.6), Va (tnh ton ti B.2.7), tnh
c rng lp y ca mu BTN vi cc hm lng nha khc nhau.
V d, rng lp y ca mu BTN ti hm lng nha 5,5 % (VMA=16,06; Va= 3,859) tnh c l:
100 (16,06 3,859)
VFA =

16,06

= 75,97

Kt qu th nghim v tnh ton cc c tnh th tch ca hn hp BTN vi cc mu c hm lng

nha 4,5%; 5,0%; 5,5 %; 6,0% v 6,5 % c tm tt ti Bng B4.
B.2.9 Kt qu th nghim mu Marshall, xc nh hm lng nha ti u (xem ti 8.6 v 8.7)
Tng hp kt qu th nghim, tnh ton cc c tnh th tch ca BTN, kt qu th nghim Marshall ca
05 t mu BTN ng vi 5 hm lng nha c bo co Bng B5.
Trn c s s liu ti Bng B5, thit lp cc biu quan h Hm lng nha vi cc ch tiu: n
nh, do, rng d, rng ct liu, rng lp y nha, Khi lng th tch mu BTN (xem
ti Hnh 2).
Trn c s s liu th nghim (xem ti Hnh 2) v theo yu cu thit k b tng nha (TCVN
8819:2011, Bng 3, BTNC 19), lp biu xc nh khang hm lng nha tha mn tng ch tiu
tng ng: n nh (4,5% n 6,5%), do (4,5% n 6,5%), rng d (5,0% n 6,0%),
rng ct liu (4,5% n 6,5%). Xc nh khang hm lng nha ti u l t 5,0% n 5,5%) (xem
Hnh 3). Chn mt gi tr hm lng nha trong khong 5,0% n 5,5% lm gi tr hm lng nha
ti u, v d chn l 5,2%.

Bng B4 -Tng hp kt qu th nghim v tnh ton cc ch tiu c tnh th tch hn hp BTN

Mu: _______________________________

Ngy: ________________

a im, l trnh: ____________________________________________________________________

Thnh phn hn hp BTN

T trng, G

Khi

38

Biu kin

Mu th nghim (thnh phn hn hp, tnh theo % khi

lng hn hp BTN)
1

TCVN 8820 : 2011

1. Ct liu th D25

G1

2,761

G1a

2,792

2. Ct liu th D10

G2

2,710

G2a

2,800

3. Ct liu mn D5

G3

2,652

G3a

2,698

4. Ct

G4

2,562

G4a

2,610

5. Bt khong

G5

2,810

G5a

2,810

6. Tng ct liu

Gsb

2,693

Gsa

2,742

7. Nha ng

Gb

1.031

Ps

95,5

95,0

94,5

94,0

93,5

Pb

4,5

5,0

5,5

6,0

6,5

8. T trng khi ca tng hn hp ct liu, Gsb

Cng thc (1)

9. T trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN, Gmm

Cng thc (3)

2,526

2,507

2,488

2,470

2,451

10. T trng khi ca mu BTN m, Gmb

2,354

2,378

2,392

2,395

2,389

11. T trng c hiu ca hn hp ct liu, Gse

Cng thc (2)

2,711

12. Lng nha hp ph, % khi lng hn hp ct liu, Pba

Cng thc (4)

0,254

2,693

Tnh ton:
Dng 12 x Ps
13. HLN c hiu, Pbe

Dng 7

Cng thc (5)

4,257

4,759

5,260

5,761

6,263

Cng thc (6)

16,52

16,11

16,06

16,40

17,05

Cng thc (7)

6,809

5,146

3,859

3,036

2,530

Cng thc (8)

58,79

68,06

75,97

81,49

85,17

100
Dng 10 x Ps
14. R ct liu, VMA

100

Dng 8

15. rng d, Va

(Dng 9 - Dng 10)

100

x
Dng 9

16. R lp y, VFA

(Dng 14 - Dng 15)

100

x
Dng 14

39

TCVN 8820 : 2011

Bng B5 - Bo co kt qu th nghim mu BTN

S TN:

T trng ca nha:

1,031

Loi BTN: BTNC 19 (theo TCVN 8819:2011)

T trng khi ca hn hp ct liu:

2,682

S chy m/mt: 75

T trng c hiu ca hn hp ct liu:

2,711

K hiu muHm lng nha

(% hn hp BTN)

Khi
lng
mu
BTN
cn
trong
khng
kh, g

Khi
lng
mu
BTN
cn
trong
nc,g

Khi
lng
mu
BTN
khi lau
kh, g

Th tch
mu
BTN,
cm 3

A-4,5

1255,1

724,1

1257,3

533,2

B-4,5

1253,2

720,0

1254,2

534,2

C-4,5

1255,0

725,6

1256,7

531,1

A-5,0

1260,3

731,2

1262,1

530,9

B-5,0

1259,8

730,8

1261,5

C-5,0

1262,0

734,3

1263,4

rng
d

rng
ct
liu

rng
lp
y

VMA

VFA

n
nh

Chiu dy mu, mm

H s
hiu
chnh

n
nh sau
hiu
chnh

do

KN

mm

TB

KN

2,354

63,7

63,6

63,6

63,6

11,38

0,96

10,92

2,5

2,346

64,2

64,2

64,4

64,3

11,47

0,96

11,01

2,4

2,363

63,8

63,7

63,8

63,8

11,35

0,96

10,90

2,5

10,94

2,5

2,374

63,8

64,0

63,8

63,9

11,98

0,96

11,50

2,5

530,7

2,374

64,0

63,4

63,8

63,7

11,85

0,96

11,38

2,3

529,1

2,385

63,5

63,9

63,7

63,7

12,52

0,96

12,02

2,6

11,63

2,5

Trung bnh

2,354

Trung bnh

2,378

2,526

2,507

Va

6,809

5,146

16,52

16,11

58,79

68,06

A-5,5

1267,1

738,4

1269,2

530,8

2,387

64,0

63,5

64,2

63,9

12,58

0,96

12,08

2,5

B-5,5

1265,3

739,3

1266,9

527,6

2,398

63,6

63,3

63,9

63,6

12,20

0,96

11,71

2,5

C-5,5

1261,4

735,3

1263,1

527,8

2,390

64,0

63,4

63,7

63,7

12,68

0,96

12,17

2,7

11,99

2,6

Trung bnh

2,392

2,488

3,859

16,06

75,97

A-6,0

1273,3

744,3

1275,1

530,8

2,399

63,6

64,0

63,8

63,8

11,23

0,96

10,78

2,5

B-6,0

1271,8

741,8

1273,0

531,2

2,394

63,5

63,7

63,8

63,7

12,05

0,96

11,57

2,4

C-6,0

1270,5

740,8

1271,9

531,1

2,392

64,0

63,5

64,0

63,8

11,21

0,96

10,76

2,5

11,04

2,5

A-6,5

1281,2

746,6

1283,1

536,5

2,388

63,7

64,2

63,5

63,8

10,25

0,93

9,53

3,0

B-6,5

1280,6

746,2

1281,3

535,1

2,393

63,9

64,1

64,3

64,1

11,08

0,96

10,64

2,6

C-6,5

1282,2

746,5

1284,1

537,6

2,385

63,5

64,0

64,5

64,0

10,10

0,93

9,39

3,2

9,85

2,9

Trung bnh

Trung bnh

40

T trng
khi
BTN

T
trng
ln
nht
BTN

2,395

2,389

2,470

2,451

3,036

2,530

16,40

17.05

81,49

85,17

TCVN 8820 : 2011

41