TCVN

TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 8869:2011
Xut bn ln 1

QUY TRNH O P LC NC
L RNG TRONG T
Method for measurements of pore pressures in soil

H NI 2011

TCVN 8869:2011
Mc lc
1 Phm vi p dng .......................................................................................................................

2 Ti liu vin dn .......................................................................................................................

3 Thut ng v k hiu .................................................................................................................

4 Thit b, dng c .......................................................................................................................

4.1 Ging quan trc mc nc ngm ................................................................................

4.2 Cc h thng o ..............................................................................................................

4.3 Mt b tr h thng quan trc ...................................................................................

5 Quy trnh lp t .......................................................................................................................

5.1 Lp t h thng thit b o p lc l rng bng phng php khoan ...................

5.2 Lp t h thng thit b o p lc l rng bng phng php n ...........................

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5.3 Lp t h thng bo v h thng truyn tn hiu .......................................................

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6 Quan trc ..................................................................................................................................

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6.1 Quan trc p lc nc l rng .......................................................................................

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6.2 Quan trc mc nc ngm .............................................................................................

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7 Biu th kt qu .........................................................................................................................

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7.1 Cc thng s cn xc nh tnh ton ........................................................................

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7.2 Bo co kt qu v biu din kt qu ............................................................................

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8 Kim tra v nghim thu .............................................................................................................

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8.1 Quy nh ...........................................................................................................................

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8.2 Nghim thu qua cc h s, ti liu, nht k .................................................................

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Ph lc A (Tham kho) Biu ghi kt qu .................................................................................

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Ph lc B (Tham kho) Minh ha thit b ................................................................................

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Ph lc C (Tham kho) Minh ha cu to ca cc h thng thit b o p lc nc l rng

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TCVN 8869:2011

Li ni u

TCVN 8870:2011 do Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Giao thng vn ti

bin son, B Giao thng Vn ti ngh, Tng cc Tiu chun o
lng Cht lng thm nh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng b.

TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 8869:2011

Quy trnh o p lc nc l rng trong t

Method for measurements of pore pressures in soil

1 Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny quy nh phng php xc nh s bin i p lc nc l rng ti hin trng
t t nhin trong xy dng.

2 Ti liu vin dn
- 22TCN* 259 : 2000, Quy trnh khoan thm d a cht cng trnh.

3 Thut ng v k hiu
Trong tiu chun ny s dng cc thut ng, nh ngha v cc k hiu sau.

3.1
ng ging (Tube wells)
ng bng nha hoc thp cch vi lp t xung quanh, phn di c ni vi ng lc, phn trn
l trn mt t. ng ging nhm dn hng, bo v ng dn kh hoc dy in truyn tn hiu trong
trng hp cn thit.
3.2
ng lc tiu chun (Standard pipe filter)
Thit b hnh ng c l lc vi kch thc v ng knh l ph hp cho tng loi t ti v tr cn o.
3.3 ALNLR
p lc nc l rng (Pore pressures)
3.4 MNN
Mc nc ngm (Groundwater)

4 Thit b, dng c
4.1 Ging quan trc MNN
Bao gm:
- ng ging bng nha hoc kim loi c ng knh khng nh hn 50,8mm c ni ln mt t.
- ng lc (u lc) c ng knh bng ng knh ng ging v c gn vo phn y ng ging.
- Np bo v.
- My o mc nc ngm c chnh xc n 1 mm.
( )

* : ang c chuyn i thnh TCVN

TCVN 8869:2011
4.2 Cc h thng o
4.2.1 H thng o p lc nc l rng loi h
- Cc l khoan c khoan su n cc v tr a tng cn quan trc. Sau u lc c t ti cao
thit k.
- H thng da theo nguyn l nc c p trong ng ging s gim dn theo thi gian, t tnh
c s bin i ca ALNLR.
- My o mc nc trong ng ging (xem hnh ti Ph lc B).
4.2.2. H thng o p lc nc l rng loi kn
4.2.2.1 u o loi kh nn: - u o t trong mt ng nha hoc thp khng g vi mt u
m rng bng gm, nha hoc kim loi cho nc ti c mng ngn ca u o. - Hai
ng dn kh bng nha ng knh nh s c ni vi u o. - vn hnh u o, cn
s dng mt ngun cung cp kh nn, kh nn trong chai hoc kh c lm sch (sch v
khng m). Khi lp t cn la chn u o kh nn c cng sut ph hp c th o c
p lc hin c ti su ca u o cng vi p lc nc l rng d kin.
4.2.2.2 u o loi dng in: Thit b ny bao gm u o c mt mng ngn c hiu chnh
(vi mt u o ng sut gn km) gn vi mt v bc thp khng r hoc nha, c mt mt nc
i vo qua mt b lc rng. u o ng sut c gn vi mng ngn c th l loi in tr hoc loi
dy rung. p lc nc l rng o c bng vic dng mt h thng ghi s liu dng in tng thch
vi loi u o ng sut s dng.
CH THCH 1: Tt c cc loi u o nht thit phi c bo ho nc trc khi a xung v tr o.

4.3 Mt b tr h thng quan trc

- Theo tnh cht cng trnh;
- Theo quy m ca cng trnh;
- Theo tiu chun v yu cu thit k k thut ca D n.

5 Quy trnh lp t
5.1 Lp t h thng thit b o p lc l rng bng phng php khoan
5.1.1 Cc dng c, vt t cn thit dng lp t cc u o trong l khoan gm
- Mt ba nn lm bng ng thp c (hoc bng ng), ng knh ngoi l 86mm v ng knh
trong l 60 mm c khi lng ti thiu 11,3kg. Cc kch c ny ph hp vi ng vch c ng knh
trong <91mm. Vi ng vch c kch c nh hn th kch c ca ba cng phi nh hn. Ti u pha
trn ca ba, mt cun cp m km ng knh 3,2mm s c gn cht vo ba v vo mt puli. B
mt trong ca ba phi nhn v tt c cc g s tip xc vi h ng phi vt trn. Ba ny c s
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TCVN 8869:2011
dng cng vi mt a m ng knh 86mm v dy 12,7mm c gn cht vi y. a ny s c
mt l tm (l c kch c ph hp vi kch c ca h ng v dy dn s dng) vi cc g c vt
trn. Vic lp cp cho ba c s dng cho cc mc ch sau: 1/ nhi v m lp bentonite to
thnh mt lp khng thm nc gia vch l khoan vi cc h dy dn hoc ng ging. 2/ nh v
cho cc ng dn vo gia khi nhi bentonite vo. 3/ o su ti cc giai on lp t khc nhau.
- Cp m km ng knh 6,35mm c di thch hp cho php lp t cc u o su nht. Cp ny
s c gn chc vi mt u ca mt mc kiu khp khuyn. nh du cp ti mi khong 1,52m,
bt u t mt y ca ba.
- Dng mt gi 3 chn c lp puli vn hnh ba ng.
- Thit b ly mu t.
- Ct c ra k lt sng c kch thc mt sng 0,850mm v cn li trn sng c kch thc mt
sng 0,425mm.
- Cc hn bentonite ng knh khong 12,7mmm, c to thnh vi mt m cao hn gii
hn do nhng thp hn gii hn chy c ln trong bt tan trnh dnh v c ct trong
bnh thu tinh bo v chng khng b kh.
- Cc vin si c ng knh khong 12,7mm.
5.1.2 Ging quan trc MNN
Trnh t nh sau
- Bc 1: Khoan (22TCN* 259 2000) to l c ng knh 91mm n v tr cao thit k ( su
ca ging phi vt qu mc nc ngm t nhin). n ng vch c ng knh trong <91mm ti cao
t ng lc. on ng y di 3,05m phi lin, khng c vt ni hay hn. H ng vch ny c n
xung trong sut qu trnh khoan.
- Bc 2: Ly mt on mu 305mm di y ng vch v a cc vt liu ny ng trong ti kn
lu mu. n ng vch tng ng xung su hn 305mm so vi cao t ng lc v ra sch t cn
li ti y ca ng vch. Thay nc trong ng vch bng nc sch bng cch o dng nc ca
my bm v dng ng phun lm u ht nc vo, vi u di ca ng gi khong vi centimet trn
y ca ng vch. Gi cho ng vch lun c y nc sch v tip tc vn hnh cho n khi
nc quay tr li sch.
- Bc 3: Ko ng vch ln 305mm v ct sch vo ng vch lp y chiu di ca phn ko ln
tng ng. a ng ging vi ng lc ph hp c gn vo. Chiu di ng lc, kch thc l lc
phi ph hp vi lp t m n s c lp t trong v cng m bo h ti su thch
hp cho n khi ng lc t vo ct.
- Bc 4: Tip tc ko ng vch ln khong 305mm ng thi chm chm mt lng ct th sch
vo trong ng vch cho ti khi ct y khong trng xung quanh u lc v tip tc ko ng vch ri

TCVN 8869:2011
ct vo ti cao khong 1m so vi ming l khoan. on 1m cn li ln mt t c nt bng
bentonite hoc xi mng.
- Bc 5: Cho mt ng mm i qua ng ging ti ng lc. Bm nc sch qua ng mm lm sch
ng lc. Tip tc thi ra bng nc khong 5 pht sau khi thy nc sch i ra t ming ng ging.
B ng mm ra v t nt chp c l thng ln u ng trn mt.
5.1.3 H thng o p lc nc l rng loi h
Trnh t nh sau:
- Bc 1, 2, 3: Tng t cc bc 1, 2, 3 ti mc 5.1.2
- Bc 4: Tip tc ko ng vch ln khong 305mm ng thi chm chm mt lng ct th sch
vo trong ng vch cho ti khi ct y khong trng xung quanh u lc v ti khong 762mm so
vi y ca ng vch. Duy tr cng ng ging u lc khng dch chuyn theo phng thng
ng. Tip tc ko ng vch ri bt bentonite vi chiu cao khong 1m, sau c th tip tc ko
ng vch v va bentonite hoc xi mng ti ming l khoan.
- Bc 5: Cho mt ng mm i qua ng ging ti ng lc. Bm nc sch qua ng mm lm sch
ng lc. Tip tc thi ra bng nc khong 5 pht sau khi thy nc sch i ra t ming ng ging.
B ng mm ra v t nt chp c l thng ln u ng trn mt.
5.1.4 H thng o p lc nc l rng loi kn
5.1.4.1 u o (c loi dng kh nn v loi dng in) c a xung lp t cn o theo trnh t
nh sau:
- Bc 1, 2: Tng t cc bc 1, 2 ti mc 5.1.2
- Bc 3: Ko ng vch ln 305mm v ct sch vo ng vch lp y chiu di ca phn ko ln
tng ng. H u o cng cc ng truyn tn hiu (dy dn kh i vi u o bng kh nn v dy
dn in i vi u o bng in) cho n khi u o t vo ct.
- Bc 4: Tip tc ko ng vch ln khong 305mm ng thi chm chm mt lng ct th sch
vo trong ng vch cho ti khi ct y khong trng xung quanh u lc v ti khong 762mm so
vi y ca ng vch. Duy tr cng ca h dy dn u c khng dch chuyn theo phng
thng ng.
CH THCH 2: Khng c ct qu nhanh v n c th y cht ng dn n hin tng chn v khi ng c
ko ln, u o cng b dch chuyn.

- Bc 5: To mt lp si ng knh 12,7mm dy 25,4mm trn mt ca lp ct trong ng vch v p

20 ln ln lp si ny vi chiu cao ri ca ba l 152mm.
- Bc 6: To mt lp gn kn bentonite gm 5 lp cc hn bentonite, mi lp dy 76,2mm c m
nn (trong khi m nn phi gi cng khng i cho h ng hay dy dn) nh sau:
+ H mc nc xung 76,2mm di nh ca ng vch.
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TCVN 8869:2011
+ Th tng hn bentonite vo trong ng vch cho n khi nc dng ti nh ng vch v mt
thi gian cc hn bentonite ny chm ti y (mi su 3,05m mt khong 1 pht).
+ Th si ng knh 12,7mm vo ng vch to mt lp dy 25,4mm v ch mt thi gian si
c th chm ti y.
+ Th ba qua h ng ging hoc h dy (c gi cng), p 20 ba xung xung lp si vi chiu
cao ri ca ba l 152mm .
- Bc 7: Lp li qu trnh ny cho n khi to c lp gn kt bentonite 5 tng. Trong qu trnh th
ba, nu qu ba khng chuyn ng t do, th phi rt ra v lm sch ngay.
- Bc 8: ct vo ng vch to mt lp ct 610mm, ph trn bng si v m 20 nht ba.
- Bc 9: Lp li cc bc mc trn to mt lp gn bentonite khc cho n gn ming l khoan.
- Bc 10: Tho cc ng vch v phn trn ng vch cn li phi t nht 1,52mm di mt t.
ct t nht 3,05m vo phn cn li ca ng vch.
5.1.4.2 Cc kt ni trn b mt
Vi h thng ny th cc kt ni ln b phn c (thu tn hiu) trn mt t c cch b tr tu
theo loi u o dng quan trc.
+ i vi u o in: u o loi dng in vi b ghi o iu khin t xa s c lp t nh sau
(trng hp mt trm quan trc cho nhiu im o):
- Ni cc ng dn in (c di lin tc, di trn mt t 3,05m) vi hp u o bng cc u
ni kn nc. Cc dy dn c dn nhn hoc t m mu trc khi lp t. chnh xc ca cc
u o cng s c kim tra.
- o mt rnh su c y thp hn mt t khong 600mm rng 350mm t v tr cc im o (trn
bnh ) n v tr t hp bo v b c.
- Cc dy truyn tn hiu ca h ny c cun li hnh xon c t su khong 600mm dn ln trn
cho n y ca rnh, sau ct xung xung quanh.
- Khi s dng nhiu dy dn trong mt rnh, cc dy ny khng c giao nhau.
- Tnh ton sao cho dy dn c di lin tc khng b ni, tnh t u o n b c trong hp bo
v.
- Kim tra cc dy dn in bng cch t ngp dy dn vo nc sch v o in tr. Nu c thay
i v in tr do ngm nc th loi b dy dn v thay mi.
+ i vi u o loi kh nn:
- Ni cc u dn kh (c di lin tc, di trn mt t 3,05m) vi hp u o. Cc dy dn kh
s c dn nhn hoc t m mu trc khi lp t.
- Dy dn kh gn vi u o v ni thng ti b c. Trc khi lp, cc dy dn kh phi c ngm
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TCVN 8869:2011
trong nc sch v kim tra r vi p lc ln hn p lc l rng. Tt c cc dy u c kim tra
tnh lin tc, s r nc trc khi kt ni. Hp thit b my o s c kim tra chnh xc bng
cch o p lc nc l rng (bng ct nc trong ng vch) ti cc su khc nhau gia nh ca
ng vch vi su lp t.
- Cn tnh ton dy dn kh c di lin tc khng b ni, tnh t u o n b phn c.
- Sau khi lp, cc dy dn kh cng c phun ra bng p lc kh ln ra sch mi bi bn hay
hi m ca dy dn trc khi thc hin cc kt ni tip theo. Cc ng dn sau c nt cht
trnh bi vo trong qu trnh lp t cn li.
5.2. Lp t h thng thit b o p lc l rng bng phng php n.
5.2.1 Khi qut
- c p dng khi iu kin a tng hon ton l t yu v c th n c. c s dng khi dng
h thng kn. Phng php ny nhanh nhng u o d b hng v h ng hoc cn khoan s phi
li trong t khi lp t xong. - Vic n thit b vo trong nn t c th thc hin bng my xuyn hoc
thit b n chuyn dng. Cc u ni vi ng xuyn hoc cn khoan vi cc u o p lc rng s
dng c khi cc im ni kn nc v ng knh ca u o khng vt ng knh ca ng
xuyn hay cn khoan.
5.2.2 Ging quan trc mc nc ngm
Tng t mc 5.1.2
5.2.3 Lp t u o v h thng truyn tn hiu
Ti cc v tr trn mt, dng thit b chuyn dng t t n u o nh vi cn khoan hoc
ng n thng vo t. Nu u o c ng dn nc, gi mt dng nc nh qua u o bng mt
bm nh cho ti cao khong 6,1m. Ti im ny, ngt my bm v tip tc n u o ti cao
t. Mi ln thm mt on cn khoan, my bm c ngt v u ca h ng c xoy trong khi h
ng c lm ren qua phn tip ca cn khoan. Qu trnh ny phi c thc hin cng nhanh cng
tt. Nu u o c ng dn kh hoc dy in truyn tn hiu th n vi tc va phi v m bo cho
cc dy, ng khng b xon, gp.
5.2.4 Cc kt ni b mt
Xem 5.1.4.2
5.3 Lp t h thng bo v h thng truyn tn hiu
Cng tc quan trc c thi gian ko di, do dng bt c phng php no cng phi c h
thng bo v nhm m bo cc thit b khng chu nh hng tc ng ca ngoi lc do con ngi
v thin nhin gy ra. i vi trng hp o mt mng li cc im o th trm quan trc trung tm
phi c quan tm cng vi cc h thng ng truyn ng, dy dn....

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TCVN 8869:2011
6 Quan trc
6.1 Quan trc p lc nc l rng.
Thng s cn quan trc: Cc i lng nhn c trn b phn c ca h thng thit b chnh l
thng s tnh c p lc nc l rng ti cao trnh u o. Kt hp vi chiu cao mc nc trong
ging quan trc MNN tnh c p lc nc l rng tng ln do nn p gy ra.
CH THCH 3 : Thi gian o v tn sut o l theo yu cu ca t vn thit k d n .

6.2 Quan trc mc nc ngm.

- Thng s cn quan trc: Cao mc nc ngm tnh chnh cao ca u o vi n.
- Chu k quan trc: Tin hnh cng vi mi ln c s liu quan trc ti h thng trong chu k o
chung theo yu cu thit k t ra.

7 Biu th kt qu
7.1 Cc thng s cn xc nh tnh ton
Cao ct nc ging quan trc; Cao mc nc ngm; S c trn thit b.
7.1.1 i vi h thng o p lc nc l rng h
p lc nc l rng tng ln do nn p gy ra ti thi im o l:

u = ( hm.w - hw.w ) /10

(1)

Trong :

u - l s gia p lc l rng, tnh bng kilopascan;

hm - l chnh cao ca ct nc trong ging o p h, tnh bng centimet;
hw - l chiu cao ct nc thu tnh xc nh trong ging quan trc MNN, tnh bng centimet;
w - l khi lng ring ca nc, tnh bng gam/centimet khi;
10 - l h s chuyn i n v.
7.1.2 i vi h thng o p lc nc l rng kn
p lc nc l rng tng ln do nn p gy ra ti thi im o l:

u = (p - hw.w) /10

(2)

Trong :

u - l s gia p lc l rng, tnh bng kilopascan;

p-

l s c ca b thu tn hiu, tr s bng kilopascan;

hw - l chiu cao ct nc thu tnh xc nh trong ging quan trc MNN, tnh bng centimet;

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TCVN 8869:2011
w - l khi lng ring ca nc, tnh bng gam/centimet khi;
10 - l h s chuyn i n v.
7.2 Bo co kt qu o
Cc kt qu quan trc p lc nc l rng thu thp kt hp vi kt qu quan trc ln v tc
gia ti ti hin trng c th c s dng phn tch nh gi qu trnh c kt ca nn t.
- Mt s kt qu o khc dng (kim tra cho) xem trng thi thc t ca cng trnh c gn vi
trng thi tnh ton khi thit k khng quyt nh cc bin php khn cp ti hin trng (ngng p
hoc gi bt t, hoc thay i tc p)
- Cui cng c th dng cc kt qu o c bit trng thi thc t ca t yu di cng trnh,
kim tra gi tr ca mt s tham s dng khi thit k.
CH THCH 4 : Phn tch cc kt qu o c ti cng trnh l nhim v ca k s T vn.

* Nhng yu t nh hng thng gp v cch khc phc trong qu trnh o .

- u o h h: p lc d chnh l s khc nhau gia cao ca nc trong ging v cao
ca mc nc ngm.
- u o h kn: hu ht cc thit b u o in v kh nn l o tng p lc nc ti mt im v bi
vy p lc d trong t c xc nh bng cch tr i phn khc nhau v cao gia u o v mc
nc ngm xung quanh khi cc kt qu c c ca my.
* S dng kt qu o
Kt qu o p lc l rng trong t kt hp vi cc ti liu lin quan khc thng c
s dng nh gi s tng bn ct hoc ln cn li trong cc iu kin ti bit. V
cc p lc l rng ch l mt php o gin tip cc c tnh ny, nn cn phi ht sc cn thn
din gii kt qu chnh xc. Cc thng tin sau cn c xem xt khi hiu chnh cc kt qu
o p lc l rng:
- Tng ti trng p dng v tc cht ti.
- S dao ng theo ma ca mc nc ngm xung quanh (cn c ging quan trc nng v cc u
c) ti vng xung quanh. Vic ny l cn thit ti khu vc c nc thy triu. S lng v v tr ty
thuc vo a hnh xung quanh.
- S phn b p lc l rng thc t trong lp t ang c theo di theo c phng dc v ngang.
iu ny thng i hi phi c 3 u o p lc hoc nhiu hn ti cc cao khc nhau v 3 u o
hoc nhiu hn ti cc v tr khc nhau tnh t tm ti trng.

8 Kim tra v nghim thu

8.1 Quy nh
Khi thi cng, lp t phi c mt k s t vn gim st. Ch c chuyn giai on khi c s
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TCVN 8869:2011
chp thun nghim thu hng mc trc .
Cc giai on thi cng cn phi c ghi vo nht k cng trnh. Cc bc chuyn giai on
c th hin bng bin bn nghim thu.
Qu trnh quan trc cng phi c s chng kin ca k s t vn gim st v kt qu o
phi c ghi ng biu mu quy nh.
8.2 Nghim thu qua cc h s, ti liu, nht k
Ch c th coi l hon thnh khi H s thi cng y cc ti liu nu trn v c ch k ca k
s t vn gim st.

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TCVN 8869:2011
Ph lc A
(Tham kho)
Biu ghi bo co kt qu

KT QU QUAN TRC P LC NC L RNG

Cng trnh:

Hng mc:

S hiu u o p lc l rng

Mt ct s:

S hiu ging quan trc mc nc ngm :

Ngy quan trc:

Cao gia ti

Ngy o

Tng thi gian quan trc

(ngy)

Ngi thc hin:

Nguyn Vn A
Nguyn Vn B
14

Thi tit

Chiu cao ct nc
(m )

Cao mc nc
p lc l rng
ngm
(m )

Ngi ghi kt qu:

Nguyn Vn C

TCVN 8869:2011
Ph lc B
(Tham kho)

Minh ho thit b

Hnh B.1: a - My o mc nc ngm; b, c - u c

Hnh B.2: u o p lc l rng bng in

a - t trong h khoan; b - t trong nn ng; c n su vo trong t

Hnh B.3: u o p lc l rng bng kh nn

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TCVN 8869:2011
Ph lc C
(Tham kho)
Minh ho cu to ca cc h thng thit b o p lc nc l rng

Hnh C.1: Cu to ging quan trc mc nc ngm

Hnh C.2: Cu to h thng thit b o h h (bng phng php khoan)

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TCVN 8869:2011

Hnh C.3: Cu to h thng thit b o h kn (bng phng php khoan)

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Vin Tiu chun Cht lng Vit Nam chu trch nhim xut bn,
pht hnh v gi bn quyn Tiu chun Quc gia (TCVN). Khng
c in, sao, chp TCVN nu cha c php ca Vin Tiu
chun Cht lng Vit Nam.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or

utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing
from Vietnam Standards and Quality Institute (VSQI).

a ch: Vin Tiu chun Cht lng Vit Nam

Address: Vietnam Standards and Quality Institute (VSQI)

S 8 Hong Quc Vit, Cu Giy, H ni

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