BI T P C U T O T

TI NG ANH

The Windy
M HNG (Ch bin)

B i tp
Dnh cho h c sinh THPT
Dnh cho h c sinh luy n thi i h c, cao ng mn ti ng Anh
Bao g m nhi u d ng bi t p t d n kh.

NH XU T B N T
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I N BCH KHOA

BI TP CU TO T TING ANH

BI TP CU TO T TING ANH

B n c thn m n!
Chng ti nh n th y c nhi u b n h c sinh, sinh vin cn lng tng khi
lm bi t p v c u t o t ti ng Anh. l do cc b n cha c ki n th c cn
b n v c u t o t ti ng Anh cng nh lm bi t p cha nhi u, trong khi
nh ng cu n sch v c u t o t ti ng Anh trn th tr ng hi n nay th ng
ch c l thuy t, t bi t p.
V l do ny nn chng ti xin ra m t b n c cu n BI T P C U
T O T TI NG ANH nh m gip cc b n c ki n th c t ng qut v c u
t o t cng nh th c hnh nhi u d ng bi t p t d n kh. Cu n sch c
c u trc n gi n g m l thuy t v bi t p nhng s em n cho cc b n
s tho i mi khi h c ph n ny.
Chng ti ch mong nh ng g chng ti c g ng lm s c cc b n
n nh n v ng h!, chng ti ch nh ng ki n ng gp h u ch t pha
b n c.
Xin chn thnh c m n!
The Windy

BI TP CU TO T TING ANH

I. S L C V C U T O T
Ph n l n t ti ng Anh c s d ng ngy nay khng ph i l ti ng Anh
g c. Nh ng t ny b t ngu n t cc ngn ng khc nh Latinh hay Hy L p.
N u bi t c g c t trong ti ng Anh th s r t c l i cho chng ta khi h c
c u t o t . Chng ta c th on c ngha c a m t t chng ta cha h
g p d a vo vi c bi t ngha g c c a t . Thm vo chng ta bi t c
ti n t v h u t c a t .
M t t ti ng Anh c th bao g m 3 ph n: g c t (cn ng - root), m t
ti n t (prefix) v m t h u t (suffix). G c t l m t ph n c a t ch a ngha
c b n hay nh ngha c a t . Ti n t l m t thnh ph n c a t c t
tr c g c t , n thay i ngha c a t hay t o ra m t t m i. H u t l m t
thnh ph n c a t c t sau g c t , n thay i ngha cng nh ch c
nng c a t .
Khi thm m t h u t vo m t t c m t m ti t, n u g c t c a t
k t thc ch" b#ng m t ph m ng tr c m t nguyn m v n u h u t
b t u b#ng m t nguyn m th ta g p i ph m . V d , khi thm h u
t -ing vo t can, ta g p i ph m n thnh canning. Ta cng p d ng
quy t c cho t c nhi u m ti t nhng ch" c p d ng khi t c tr ng
m $ m ti t cu i.
V i nh ng t k t thc b#ng e th khi h u t b t u b#ng m t nguyn
m, ta b% e r i m i thm h u t . V d , khi thm h u t -ing vo t take, ta
b% e r i thm ing thnh taking.
Khi thm m t h u t vo m t t k t thc l y v tr c y l m t nguyn
m th ta thm h u t v khng thay i g. V d , t obey + -ed = obeyed.
N u c m t ph m ng tr c y th ta s chuy n y thnh i r i thm h u t
(tr h u t -ing v -ish). V d , angry + ly = angrily, baby + ing =
babying.
Sau y l m t s ti n t v h u t hay g p:
Ti n t

Ngha

V d

pre-

before

They will show a sneak preview of the movie.

un-

not

The cafeteria will be unavailable tomorrow

morning.

dis-

not

Mark disagreed with John's philosophy.

BI TP CU TO T TING ANH

re-

again

Are you going to renew your subscription?

mis-

not

He has mismanaged the company.

im-

not

With hard work and determination, nothing is

impossible.

bi-

two

Henry recently received his first pair of

bifocals.

de-

not

Many ecologists are concerned about the

deforestation of our world's rain forests.

H ut

Ngha

V d

-er

doer

I work as a computer programmer.

-able

able

These glass bottles are recyclable.

-ous

full of

Driving on the freeway can be dangerous.

-ness

state of
being

At night, the earth is covered in darkness.

-ful

full of

The witness gave an honest and truthful

testimony.

-ly or -y

like

James whistled happily on his way home from

school.

-ment

state of

Mary sighed with contentment.

II. CC D NG BI T P V CC B C LM BI
C u t o t l m t ph n r t d& ghi i m trong cc bi thi ti ng Anh nhng
nhi u b n cn ang lng tng v ph n ny. Nhng th c ra n u cc b n bi t
quan st k th khng ph i l kh v d ng bi ny ki m tra ki n th c c b n
cc lo i t v ng ti ng Anh cng nh v tr c a chng trong cu. lm t t
ph n ny th cc b n c n n m c m t s d ng bi t p c b n c a c u t o t ,
cc b c lm bi, cc quy t c thng d ng c a c u t o t v hn h t l lm th t
nhi u bi t p v c u t o t .
Bi t p v c u t o t c chia lm 2 d ng c b n:
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- D ng 1 thu c ph n t v ng (C 4 phng n c a ra th chng ch"

c th thu c vo trong cc t lo i: danh t , ng t , tnh t , tr ng t ).
- D ng 2 thu c ph n ng php cc l a ch n u lin quan n c u trc
ng php trong cu.
lm d ng bi t p ny cc b n ch" c n n m ch c cc lo i t v ng ti ng
Anh, v tr c a chng trong cu v cch dng nh th no.
Sau y s l m t s m(o nh% khi lm ph n c u t o t v ng:
* C u t o t thu c lnh v c t lo i.
B"c 1: Xc nh t lo i
- c qua cu h%i v quan st th t k v tr c a t c n i n. Vi c xc nh t lo i
c a t c n i n vo ch) tr ng l i m quan tr ng nh t c tnh quy t nh n
chnh xc c a p n.
V d# 1:
Life here is very _____.
A. peace
B. peaceful
C. peacefully
D. peacefulness
- Sau ng t to be (is) c 2 t lo i l tnh t v danh t . Tuy nhin do c
tr ng t ch" m c very nn t lo i c n i n ph i l m t tnh t .
V d# 2:
Some species of rare animals are in _____ of extinction.
A. danger
B. dangerous
C. dangerously
D. endanger

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BI TP CU TO T TING ANH

- N u b n khng bi t thnh ng to be in danger (ang b e d a, ang trong

t m nguy hi m) th hy r#ng v tr c a t c n i n khng th l m t t
lo i no khc ngoi danh t (gi a 2 gi i t ).
B"c 2: Quan st p n v ch n p n ng
- Sau khi xc nh c t lo i c a t c n i n cc b n quay l i quan st
4 phng n cho, th y t no ph h p v i t lo i c xc nh th
chnh l p n. Trong v d 2 ch" c danger l danh t v cng l p n
c a cu. (Dangerous l tnh t , dangerously l tr ng t , endanger l ng
t ). Trong v d 1 peaceful l tnh t duy nh t trong cc t cho v cng
l p n c a cu.
- Khi 4 phng n A, B, C, D u thu c cng lo i t v ng (danh t ho c
tnh t ) th cc em ph i xem xt ngha c a t ng t ch n p n chnh
xc nh t.
V d#:
Computer is one of the most important _____of the 20th century.
A. inventings
B. inventories
C. inventions
D. inventors

- Sau one of ph i l m t danh t s nhi u. Tuy nhin inventories l i c

ngha l b n tm t t, b n ki m k trong khi inventions l s pht minh, sng
ch . p n c a cu ng nhin l inventions. N u khng cc b n hy ch
n ui tion, m t cch c u t o danh t ch" v t t ng t r t thng d ng
cng c th suy ra p n c a cu.
*Lu :
N u 4 phng n l 4 t lo i khc nhau th v n th t n gi n. Tuy nhin
cng c nh ng cu m ng*i ra i h%i th sinh ph i k t h p c ki n th c
ng php. Xt v d sau y:
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There are small _____ between British and American English.

A. differences
B. different
C. difference
D. differently
Sau khi xc nh t lo i c a t c n i n l m t danh t nhng khi quan st
cc phng n cc b n l i th y c 2 danh t differences v difference. V y
t no m i l ng? Lc ny cc b n m i c n n th c a ng t trong
cu to be c chia $ s nhi u (are) do p n c a cu ph i l m t
danh t s nhi u differences.
- Ngoi ra cc b n cng ph i xem xt ngha ph nh c a t . Khi thm cc
ti n t nh in, un, ir, dis... th ngha c a t b o ng c hon ton. D a
vo cc y u t cc b n c th nh n bi t c ngha c a t l kh+ng nh
hay ph nh.
Tuy nhin m)i m t t ch" c th k t h p v i m t lo i ph t nh t nh. V
d responsible ch" k t h p v i ti n t ir-, illegal ch" k t h p v i ti n t il-...
V d#:
I think its very _____ of him to expect us to work overtime every night this
week.
A. reason
B. reasonable
C. unreasonable
D. inreasonable

T c n i n l m t tnh t . C m t work overtime every night this week

mang hm ph nh nn tnh t c a cu cng mang ngha ph nh
unreasonable. (Reasonable ch" k t h p v i ti n t un- t o nn t tri
ngha). lm d ng bi t p ny cc em ph i lin h t c n i n v i cc c m
t khc trong cu nh n bi t c c a cu l kh+ng nh hay ph nh
r i t xc nh d ng th c c a t .
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BI TP CU TO T TING ANH

* C u t o t thu!c lnh v c ng php.

- D ng th 2 trong bi t p c u t o t l phn bi t d ng th c b tr c a ng
t , tnh t , tr ng t hay phng th c so snh. Trong d ng bi t p ny cc
b n ph i n m v ng c c u trc ng php, lo i b tr c a ng t cng
nh cc hnh th c so snh.
D ng 1: Tnh t -ed hay ing
V d#:
We are _____ of the long journey.
A. tire
B. tiring
C. tired
D. to tire
- Ch) tr ng c n i n m t tnh t nhng trong b n phng n l i c hai tnh
t l tiring v tired, v y t no m i l p n c a cu. Lc ny chng ta l i
v n d ng ki n th c ng php gi i quy t v n . Khi ch ng l ng*i
chng ta dng qu kh phn t ; khi ch ng l s v t, hi n t ng chng ta
dng hi n t i phn t . p n c a cu trn l tired.
D ng 2: B tr c a ng t
- Quan st c u trc ng php c a cu
V d 1:
The equipment in our office needs _____.
A. moderner
B. modernizing
C. modernized
D. modernization

Cu c ch ng l v t (The equipment) nn sau need s l m t V-ing p

n c a cu l modernizing.
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- M)i m t lo i ng t ch" i v i m t d ng b tr nh t nh. Khi cc b n

bi t c c u trc c a n r i th vi c xc nh c u t o c a t i sau n r t
d& dng.
- Cc ng t nh: mind, enjoy, avoid, finish, keep...th ng t i sau n
lun l V-ing. Cc ng t nh: agree, aim, appear, ask, attempt, decide,
demand...th b tr lun l ng t nguyn th c to.
D ng 3: D ng th c so snh
V d 1:
Sara speaks so _____ that I cant understand her.
A. fast
B. fastly
C. faster
D. faster
- Khi trong cu c cc d u hi u nh more ho c than th tnh t ho c tr ng
t trong cu ph i $ d ng so snh hn, c the ho c most tr c tr ng th
tnh/ tr ng t ph i $ d ng so snh nh t. Xt cu trn khng c cc d u hi u
c a cu so snh, nn tr ng t fast l p n (Lu r#ng fastly khng t n t i
trong ti ng Anh).
V d 2:
That is the most _____ girl Ive seen.
A. beautifuler
B. beautiful
C. beautifulest
D. beautifully

- T c n i n l m t tnh t b ngha cho girl. Tr c v tr tr ng l the

most d u hi u c a so snh nh t. n y nhi u b n s ch n beautifulest
v ngh r#ng tnh t $ d ng so snh nh t thm est cu i t nhng quy t c
ny ch" p d ng v i tnh t ng n, i v i tnh t di (hai m ti t tr$ ln) th
c u trc s l the most + nguyn m,u tnh t .
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BI TP CU TO T TING ANH

III. C U TRC CU TI NG ANH

1. C u trc thng th ng c a m t cu ti ng Anh:
h c t t ph n c u t o t th vi c n m c c u trc c b n c a m t cu
ti ng Anh cng gip ch r t nhi u. Tr c h t chng ta xem xt v cu n.
Thng th*ng m t cu g m 3 y u t cn b n l: S (ch t ), V ( ng t ), O
(tc t ). Ch t l ng*i/v t th c hi n hnh ng ( ng t ).
Tc t l ng*i / v t m ng t tc ng ln.
V d :
I buy a book.
Ta s h%i: Ai th c hi n hnh ng mua (buy)?
Cu tr l*i l ti (I), v y I l ch t .
Ta h%i: Mua ci g?
Cu tr l*i l a book (quy n sch), v y quy n sch l tc t . Ngoi 3 y u t
cn b n trn, cu cn c th c thm ni ch n, th*i gian.
V d :
I bought a book in a bookshop yesterday.

Cng d& th y a bookshop l ni ch n, v yesterday l th*i gian.

Tr$ l i 3 y u t chnh S, V, O. Khng ph i lc no m t cu cng i h%i
3 y u t ny v v i ring ng t ta c th phn lm 3 lo i:
+ Ngo i ng t : L ng t lun lun lc c m t tc t theo sau.
V d :
- I like it (ti thch n).
Ta khng th ni: I like (ti thch) r i ngng l i.
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M t s ng t lun l ngo i ng t nh:

Remind (nh c nh()
Allow (cho php)
Rent (cho thu)
Blame (trch c , l%i)
Select (l a ch n)
Enjoy (thch th)
Have (c)
Like (thch)
Need (c n)
Name (&t tn)
Prove (ch ng t')

Wrap (bao b c)
Rob (c"p)
Own (n )
Greet (cho)
....

V d#:
I rent. (sai)
I rent a car. (ng)
+ N i ng t l ng t khng c n c tc t theo sau
M t s ng t lun l n i ng t
Faint (ng t)
Pause (d ng l i)
Hesitate (do d )
Rain (ma)
Lie (ni d i)
Remain (cn l i)
Occur (x y ra)
Sleep (ng )
V d#:
I remain a book (sai)
A book remains. (ng)
I lie him. (sai)
I lie. (ng)
+ Cc ng t v a l ngo i ng t v a l n i ng t
Answer (tr l i)

Touch (s )

Ask (h'i)

Wash (r*a)

Help (gip ))

Write (vi t)

Read ( c)

.....

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V d#:
I read a book. (ng)
I read. (ng)
ch c ch n v cch s d ng chng b n nn tra t i n, n u th y ghi l: v.t
(ch v l vi t t t c a ch transitive) l ngo i ng t cn ghi l v.i (ch i l
vi t t t ch intransitive) l n i ng t .
Cng c nh ng m,u cu khng c ch t nh trong cu m nh l nh.
V d#:
Go!
Chng ta cng tm t t l i cc c u trc c a m t cu n qua cc v d d i
y:
Write! (V)
Write it! (V + O)
I write it. (S + V + O)

I buy a book in the bookshop. (S + V + O + NI CH.N)

I bought a book in the bookshop yesterday. (S + V + O + NI CH.N +
TH/I GIAN)
M u cu thng th ng:
Subject + verb + complement + modifier
V d#:
I did my homework last night.
Ch ng (subject):
L tc nhn hnh ng trong cu ch ng. Ch ngha l ng*i ho c v t
th c hi n hnh ng trong cu, v n th*ng i tr c ng t .
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Ch : m)i cu ti ng Anh u ph i c m t ch ng (trong tr*ng h p cu

m nh l nh, ch ng you c hi u ng m). Ch ng c th l m t danh t
n.
V d#:
Milk contains calcium.
Ch ng c th l m t danh t ho c m t ng danh t :
V d#:
This new car is Johns.

Trong m t s cu, ch ng th t khng ng $ v tr ch ng . There v

"it'' c th c xem l ch ng gi trong cu. Ch ng th t th*ng ng
sau ng t v s c a ch ng s quy t nh ng t $ d ng s t hay s
nhi u.
V d#: There are many students in the room.
There is a student in the room.

ng t (verb):
ng t i sau ch ng trong cu tr n thu t. N th*ng ch" hnh ng c a
cu.
Ch : m)i cu ph i c m t ng t .
ng t c th l m t t n ho c m t ng ng t .
V d#: Jane has been reading that book.
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B ng (complement):
B ng hon ch"nh ngha cho ng t . Tng t nh ch ng , n th*ng
l m t danh t hay m t ng danh t , tuy nhin n th*ng theo sau ng t
khi cu $ th ch ng.
Ch : khng nh t thi t cu no cng i h%i ph i c b ng , b ng khng
th b t u b#ng m t gi i t . B ng tr l*i cho
cu h%i ci g (What?) ho c ai (Whom?).
V d#: He wants to drink some water.
(what does he want to drink?)
She saw John at the movie last night.
(whom did she see at the movie last night?)
T b ngha (modifier):
T b ngha ni v th*i gian, ni ch n hay cch th c c a hnh ng. T
b ngha th*ng l m t ng gi i t . Ch : t b ngha v th*i gian th*ng
$ v tr cu i cng trong cu n u nh cu c nhi u t b ngha.
V d#: I met her at the university last Monday.
T b ngha cn c th l m t ph t ho c m t ng tr ng t .
Lu : M)i cu khng b t bu c ph i c t b ngha. T b ngha khng
ph i nh t thi t lc no cng theo sau b ng . Tuy nhin, khi t b ngha l
m t ng gi i t n khng th xen vo gi a ng t v b ng .
V d#: Jill bought a book at the bookshop yesterday.
He was driving very fast.
John drove the car on the street.

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2. Cc c u trc cu c b n trong ti ng Anh

1. It is + tnh t + (for smb) + to do smt
V d#: It is difficult for old people to learn English.
2. To be interested in + N / V_ing (Thch ci g / lm ci g)
V d#: We are interested in reading books on history.
3. To be bored with (Chn lm ci g)
V d#: We are bored with doing the same things every day.

4. Its the first time smb have (has) + PII smt

(y l l n u tin ai lm ci g)
V d#: Its the first time we have visited this place.
5. Enough + danh t ( ci g) + (to do smt)
V d#: I dont have enough time to study.
6. Tnh t + enough ( lm sao) + (to do smt)
V d#: Im not rich enough to buy a car.
7. Too + tnh t + to do smt (Qu lm sao + lm ci g)
V d#: Im too young to get married.

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