16 Khoa hoc Cong nghe

NG DNG MATLAB/SIMULINK XY DNG M HNH V M PHNG

H THNG NI LI S DNG NGUN PIN MT TRI
KT HP NGUN C QUY
L Kim Anh *
Tm tt
Bi bo gii thiu ng dng Matlab/Simulink xy dng m hnh v m phng h thng ni li s
dng ngun pin mt tri kt hp ngun c quy. Nh chng ta bit, ngun nng lng mt tri l
ngun nng lng sch c tr lng ln, ang l mc tiu nghin cu ca nhiu nc trn th gii
nhm thay th dn ngun nng lng ha thch c nguy c cn kit, gy nhim mi trng. Trong
qu trnh lm vic, pin mt tri ph thuc nhiu yu t nh hng nh cng nh sng, nhit mi
trng, hin tng bng rm mt khc, cng sut sinh ra do tm pin mt tri ph thuc vo bc x
mt tri v nhit . Nhm nng cao hiu sut s dng ca pin mt tri kt hp ngun c quy v thc
hin ni li, i hi phi c cc gii thut iu khin. y s dng gii thut h bm im cng sut
cc i nhm m bo rng pin mt tri s lun lun lm vic im cc i khi ti thay i.
T kha: Nng lng ti to, pin mt tri, mt tri ni li, ngun c quy, h bm im cng sut
cc i.
Abstract
The article aims to introduce the application of Matlab/Simulink in modelling and simulation of
combined solar cells and batteries power sources connected to power grids. As we know, solar power,
a clean energy source which has large reserves, is a target for the study of many countries in order to
gradually replace fossil energy sources both at risk of depletion and causing environmental pollution. The
working process of solar cells depends on many factors such as light intensity, environment temperature,
the phenomenon of shade ... furthermore, power generated by solar panels is dependent on the solar
radiation and heat. In order to improve the efficiency of combined solar cells and batteries and gridconnected implementation, the control algorithms ared required. Here using the algorithm of maximum
point power tracking ensures that solar cells will always work at peak although the load changes.
Keywords: Renewable energy, solar cells, grid connected solar cells, battery power, maximum point
power tracking.
1. t vn
Ngun in mt tri l dng ngun nng lng
ti to v tn vi tr lng ln. y l mt trong
cc ngun nng lng ti to quan trng nht. Vic
tm cc cch thc khai thc, s dng ngun nng
lng in mt tri ny sao cho hiu qu v thay
th dn cc ngun nng lng ha thch ngy cng
cn kit, gy nhim mi trng ang l mc tiu
nghin cu ca nhiu quc gia. Nng lng mt
tri (NLMT) thc cht l ngun nng lng nhit
hch v tn ca thin nhin. Hng nm, mt tri
cung cp cho tri t mt nng lng khng l, gp
10 ln tr lng cc ngun nhin liu c trn tri
t. Hin nay, nc ta ch yu s dng h thng
pin mt tri c lp, hoc h thng c lp kt hp
gia pin mt tri v cc ngun nng lng khc nh
ngun c quy, pin nhin liu..vv. Bi bo ng dng
matlab/simulink xy dng m hnh v m phng
*

Trng Cao ng Cng Nghip Tuy Ha

h thng ni li s dng ngun pin mt tri kt

hp ngun c quy iu khin theo phng php
bm im cng sut cc i (MPPT). K thut iu
khin tm kim da trn m hnh nhm hng n
pht trin li in thng minh v iu khin ni
li linh hot cho cc ngun nng lng ti to.
Bng 1. Mt NLMT trung bnh nm v s gi nng
theo khu vc (Ngun: VNL)
Khu vc

NLMT trung
bnh nm
(kcal/cm2)

S gi nng
trung bnh
nm(hrs/nm)

ng Bc B

100 - 125

1500 - 1700

Ty Bc B

125 - 150

1750 - 1900

Bc Trung B

140 - 160

1700 - 2000

Nam Trung B v Ty Nguyn

150 - 175

2000 - 2600

Nam B

130 - 150

2200 - 2500

Trung bnh c nc

130 - 152

1830 - 2450

S 11, thng 12/2013 16

Khoa hoc Cong nghe

Bng 2. in t NLTT cng sut lp t giai on
2011 2030 (ngun: Quyt nh s 1208/Q TTg ngy
21/7/2011 ca Th tng Chnh ph, Ph lc 1)
Nm

Cng sut
lp t(MW)

Nm

Cng sut
lp t(MW)

2011

30

2018

200

2012

100

2019

230

2013

130

10

2020

300

2014

120

11

2011 - 2020

1.660

2015

150

12

2021 - 2025

2.500

2016

200

13

2026 - 2030

4.200

2017

200

2011 - 2030

8.360 = 8.36GW

17

2. M hnh iu khin ni li s dng ngun

pin mt tri kt hp ngun c quy
H thng ni li s dng ngun pin mt tri kt
hp ngun c quy bao gm cc thnh phn c bn
nh Hnh 1.

Hnh 1. S cu trc c bn iu khin ni li ngun pin mt tri kt hp ngun c quy

2.1. M hnh ngun pin mt tri (PV)

* Pin mt tri PV (Photovoltaic cell) gm cc lp
bn dn chu tc dng ca quang hc bin i cc
nng lng phton bc x mt tri thnh nng lng
in. Theo quan im nng lng in t, pin mt
tri c th c coi l nhng ngun dng biu din
mi quan h phi tuyn I-V nh Hnh 2.

Hiu sut ca tm pin mt tri s ln nht khi

pin mt tri cung cp cho ta cng sut cc i.
Theo c tnh phi tuyn trn hnh 2, n s xy
ra khi P-V l cc i, tc l P-V = Pmax ti thi
im (Imax,Vmax) c gi l im cc i MPP
(Maximum Point Power). H bm im cng sut
cc i MPPT (Maximum Point Power Tracking)
c s dng m bo rng pin mt tri s lun
lun lm vic im MPP bt chp ti c ni
vo pin.
* Dng in u ra ca pin theo [Saurav
Satpathy, Aryuanto Soetedjo] c tnh nh sau:

(1)
Hnh 2. c tnh lm vic ca pin mt tri

Trong : q: in tch electron = 1.6 x10-19 C,

K: hng s Boltzmanns = 1.38 x10-23J/K, Is: l
dng in bo ha ca pin, Iph: l dng quang in
,Tc: nhit lm vic ca pin, Rsh : in tr shunt,
Rs : in tr ca pin, A: h s l tng.
Theo cng thc (1), dng quang in ph thuc
vo nng lng mt tri v nhit lm vic ca
pin do :

Hnh 3. S tng ng ca pin mt tri

(2)

S 11, thng 12/2013 17

18 Khoa hoc Cong nghe

Vi: Isc: l dng ngn mch nhit 250C,
KI: h s nhit ca dng in ngn mch,
Tref: nhit ca b mt pin (nhit tham chiu),
H: bc x ca mt tri kW/m2.
y, gi tr dng in bo ha ca pin vi
nhit ca pin c tnh nh sau:

(3)
Trong : IRS: l dng bo ha ngc b mt
nhit v bc x ca mt tri, EG: nng lng
vng cp ca cht bn dn, ph thuc vo h s l
trng v cng ngh lm pin.
Mt khc, mt pin mt tri c in p khong
0,6V. Do mun c in p lm vic cao th ta
mc ni tip cc pin li, mun c dng in ln
th mc song song. Nh vy, dng in mt modul
tm pin s l:

(5)
Trong : v1: in p thay i ca c quy (V);
Ib: dng in (A); Qm: dung lng ln nht ca c
quy (Wh); kb: h s np v x ; D: t l x.
T biu thc (5), gi tr in p thay i ca c
quy c tnh nh sau: v1=[2+0.148.SOC(t).ns] (6)
Vi ns: s lng c quy 2V ni tip.
in tr ca c quy l:

(7)
2.3. Phng php iu khin
iu khin ni li ngun pin mt tri kt
hp ngun c quy, ta s dng phng php iu
khin bm im cng sut cc i (MPPT). Hin
nay, k thut iu khin bm im cng sut cc
i c th phn thnh 2 nhm chnh sau: nhm k
thut tm kim v nhm k thut tm kim da trn
m hnh. K thut tm kim d thc hin nhng
i hi mt s bc ln mi hi t c im cc
i (MPP), cn nhm k thut tm kim da theo
m hnh s hi t rt nhanh im MPP. Tuy nhin,
vic s dng k thut tm kim da theo m hnh
th i hi ta phi bit chnh xc thng s ca pin
mt tri v cc s o, k c nhit v bc x
mt tri.
3. Cc b bin i

Hnh 4. Dng in 1 modul tm pin

2.2. M hnh ngun c quy

Theo [M.Makhlouf, F.Messai , H.Benalla], in
p ca c quy v trng thi np (state of charge
SOC) c xc nh theo biu thc:

Theo [D. Ganesh, S. Moorthi, H. Sudheer],

thc hin chuyn i 2 trng thi ta s dng b
chuyn i DC/DC (t ngun mt chiu thnh
ngun xoay chiu) nhm thch nghi vi mc in
p v in tr t tm pin mt tri. Ngoi ra cn b
nghch lu DC/AC bin i (t ngun mt chiu
thnh ngun xoay chiu) thc hin ni ti v
ni li xoay chiu (AC).

Hnh 5. S cc b chuyn i DC/DC; DC/AC

S 11, thng 12/2013 18

Khoa hoc Cong nghe

19

4. Xy dng m hnh v m phng trn Matlab/Simulink

4.1. Xy dng m hnh trn Matlab/Simulink

Hnh 6. M hnh Pin mt tri

Hnh 7. B chuyn i 2 trng thi DC/DC

Hnh 8. M hnh iu khin ni li s dng ngun pin mt tri kt hp ngun c quy

4.2. Kt qu m phng trn Matlab/Simulink

Hnh 9. c tnh I - V

Hnh 10. c tnh P - V

Hnh 11. in p u ra U_dc(V)

Hnh 12. Cng sut u ra P (W)

Nhn xt: kt qu m phng cho thy khi chiu (G) thay i th dng PV thay i mnh, p PV t
thay i v cng sut ca PV ph thuc nh hng ca chiu .

S 11, thng 12/2013 19

20 Khoa hoc Cong nghe

Hnh 13. in p u ra Uabc (V)

Hnh 14. Dng in u ra Iabc (A)

Hnh 15. in p ni vi li Uabc (V)

Hnh 16. Dng in ni li Iabc (A)

5. Kt lun
M hnh iu khin ni li s dng ngun pin
mt tri kt hp ngun c quy s dng gii thut
iu khin bm im cng sut cc i (MPPT),
cng sut ca PV thu c lun t gi tr cc
i, ng vi cc chiu sng khc nhau. Ti thi
im t = 0.2s, dng v in p u ra t gi tr n
nh v bng gi tr t, ni li thng qua my

bin p v ng dy ti in. Hin nay, nc ta

ch yu s dng h thng nng lng mt tri c
lp nn cn nhiu hn ch v bt cp. Do vy, h
thng iu khin ni li s dng ngun pin mt
tri kt hp ngun c quy l mt gii php nhm
hng n pht trin li in thng minh v iu
khin ni li linh hot cho cc ngun nng lng
ti to.

Ti liu tham kho

Aryuanto Soetedjo, Abraham Lomi, Yusuf Ismail Nakhoda, Awan Uji Krismanto. 2012. Modeling of
Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller for Solar Power System. Telkomnika.
D. Ganesh, S. Moorthi, H. Sudheer. 2012. A Voltage Controller in Photo Voltaic System with Battery
Storage for Stand Alone Applications. International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System.
ng nh Thng. 2012. Cng ngh Pin mt tri bi hc kinh nghim t Vit Nam. Trung tm nghin
cu nng lng mi. Trng i hc bch khoa H Ni.
Hong Dng Hng. 2008. Nng lng mt tri l thuyt v ng dng. Trng i hc Bch Khoa
Nng.
M.Makhlouf, F.Messai , H.Benalla. 2012. Modeling and Simulation of Grid-connected Hybrid
Photovoltaic/Battery Distributed Generation System. Canadian Journal on Electrical and Electronics
Engineering Vol. 3, No. 1, January.
Saurav Satpathy. 2012. Photovoltaic power control using MPPT ang boost converter. Department of
Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology. Rourkela.

S 11, thng 12/2013 20