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Tuned Boyer Moore Algorithm

Fast string searching , HUME A. and


SUNDAY D.M., Software - Practice &
Experience 21(11), 1991, pp. 1221-1248.

Adviser: R. C. T. Lee
Speaker: C. W. Cheng
National Chi Nan University

Problem Definition
Input: a text string T with length n and a pattern
string P with length m.
Output: all occurrences of P in T.

Definition

Ts : the first character of a string T aligns to a pattern P.

Pl : the first character of a pattern P aligns to a string T.

Tj : the character of the jth position of a string T.

Pi : the character of the ith position of a pattern P.

Pf : the last character of a pattern P.

n : The length of T.

m : The length of P.

Rule 2-2: 1-Suffix Rule (A Special


Version of Rule 2)
Consider the 1-suffix x. We may apply Rule 2-2 now.

Introduction
simplification of the Boyer-Moore algorithm.
uses only the bad-character shift.
easy to implement.
very fast in practice
uses Rule 2-2: 1-Suffix Rule

Tuned Boyer Moore Algorithm


In this algorithm, We always focus on the
last character of the window of T and try to
slide the pattern to match the last
character of T.

Tuned Boyer Moore Algorithm Rule


Since Ts+m-1 Pf , we move the pattern P to right such that the
largest position i in the right of Pi is equal to Ts+m. We can shift the
pattern at least (m-i) positions right until Ts+m-1 = Pf.
s
s+m-1
T

x
P

x
i

1
Shift

P
1

y
f
z
i

Shift

y
f
P
1

z
i

y
f

Tuned Boyer Moore Preprocessing


Table
In this algorithm, we construct a table as follow. Let x
be a character in the alphabet. We record the position
of the last x, if it exists in P, we record the position of
x from the second last position of P. If x does not exist
in P1 to Pm-1, we record it as m.

Tuned Boyer Moore Preprocessing


Table
Example
654321
P=AGCAGAC

bmBC

Example
Text string
T=GCGAGCAGACGTGCGAGTACG
Pattern string
P=AGCAGAC
tbmBC

GCGAGCAGACGT GCGAGT ACG


AGCAGAC

Example
Text string
T=GCGAGCAGACGTGCGAGTACG
Pattern string
P=AGCAGAC
tbmBC

tbmBC[A]=1, shift=1

GCGAGCAGACGT GCGAGT ACG


AGCAGAC

Example
Text string
T=GCGAGCAGACGTGCGAGTACG
Pattern string
P=AGCAGAC
tbmBC

GCGAGCAGACGT GCGAGT ACG

AGCAGAC

Example
Text string
T=GCGAGCAGACGTGCGAGTACG
Pattern string
P=AGCAGAC
tbmBC

tbmBC[G]=2, shift=2

GCGAGCAGACGT GCGAGT ACG


AGCAGAC

Example
Text string
T=GCGAGCAGACGTGCGAGTACG
Pattern string
P=AGCAGAC
tbmBC

GCGAGCAGACGT GCGAGT ACG

AGCAGAC

Example
Text string
T=GCGAGCAGACGTGCGAGTACG
Pattern string
P=AGCAGAC
tbmBC

GCGAGCAGACGT GCGAGT ACG


match

AGCAGAC

Example
Text string
T=GCGAGCAGACGTGCGAGTACG
Pattern string
P=AGCAGAC
tbmBC

tbmBC[C]=4, shift=4

GCGAGCAGACGT GCGAGT ACG


exact match

AGCAGAC

Example
Text string
T=GCGAGCAGACGTGCGAGTACG
Pattern string
P=AGCAGAC
tbmBC

GCGAGCAGACGT GCGAGT ACG

AGCAGAC

Example
Text string
T=GCGAGCAGACGTGCGAGTACG
Pattern string
P=AGCAGAC
tbmBC

GCGAGCAGACGT GCGAGT ACG


match

AGCAGAC

Example
Text string
T=GCGAGCAGACGTGCGAGTACG
Pattern string
P=AGCAGAC
tbmBC

tbmBC[C]=4, shift=4

GCGAGCAGACGT GCGAGT ACG


mismatch

AGCAGAC

Example
Text string
T=GCGAGCAGACGTGCGAGTACG
Pattern string
P=AGCAGAC
tbmBC

GCGAGCAGACGT GCGAGT ACG

AGCAGAC

Example
Text string
T=GCGAGCAGACGTGCGAGTACG
Pattern string
P=AGCAGAC
tbmBC

tbmBC[T]=7, shift=7

GCGAGCAGACGT GCGAGT ACG


AGCAGAC

Example
Text string
T=GCGAGCAGACGTGCGAGTACG
Pattern string
P=AGCAGAC
tbmBC

GCGAGCAGACGT GCGAGT ACG

AGCAGAC

Time complexity
preprocessing phase in O(m+ ) time and O()
space complexity, is the number of alphabets
in pattern.
searching phase in O(mn) time complexity.

Reference
[KMP77] Fast pattern matching in strings, D. E. Knuth, J. H. Morris, Jr and V. B. Pratt, SIAM J. Computing, 6,
1977, pp. 323350.
[BM77] A fast string search algorithm, R. S. Boyer and J. S. Moore, Comm. ACM, 20, 1977, pp. 762772.
[S90] A very fast substring search algorithm, D. M. Sunday, Comm. ACM, 33, 1990, pp. 132142.
[RR89] The Rand MH Message Handling system: Users Manual (UCIVersion), M. T. Rose and J. L. Romine,
University of California, Irvine, 1989.
[S82] A comparison of three string matching algorithms, G. De V. Smith, SoftwarePractice and Experience,12,
1982, pp. 5766.
[HS91] Fast string searching, HUME A. and SUNDAY D.M. , Software - Practice & Experience 21(11), 1991, pp.
1221-1248.
[S94] String Searching Algorithms , Stephen, G.A., World Scientific, 1994.
[ZT87] On improving the average case of the Boyer-Moore string matching algorithm, ZHU, R.F. and
TAKAOKA, T., Journal of Information Processing 10(3) , 1987, pp. 173-177 .
[R92] Tuning the Boyer-Moore-Horspool string searching algorithm, RAITA T., Software - Practice &
Experience,
22(10) , 1992, pp. 879-884.
[S94] On tuning the Boyer-Moore-Horspool string searching algorithms, SMITH, P.D., Software - Practice &
Experience, 24(4) , 1994, pp. 435-436.
[BR92] Average running time of the Boyer-Moore-Horspool algorithm, BAEZA-YATES, R.A., RGNIER, M.,
Theoretical Computer Science 92(1) , 1992, pp. 19-31.
[H80] Practical fast searching in strings, HORSPOOL R.N., Software - Practice & Experience, 10(6) , 1980, pp.
501-506.
[L95] Experimental results on string matching algorithms, LECROQ, T., Software - Practice & Experience 25(7) ,
1995, pp. 727-765.

Thanks for your listening

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