Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PRESENT AN IDEA
BUILD ON AN IDEA
I think ___.
In my opinion, ___.
I noticed that ___.
I didnt realize that ___.
One idea / suggestion / way to look at it is ___.
I found it interesting that ___.
One thing / Something to considered is ___.
It occurred to me that ___.
One thing / Something that caught my attention was ___.
I was struck by / surprised by ___.
CHALLENGE AN IDEA
POSE A QUESTION
Do you think that ___? Why?
Can you explain ___?
I wonder about / if / why ___.
Would it work to / What would happen if ___?
What do you mean by ___?
Can you give me an example of / a reason for ___?
What do you think? What makes sense to you?
How does ___ relate to ___?
predict an outcome
analyze how an event or phenomenon occurred
identify what led to an action or decision
found
effect
influenced
produced
found that
revealed
outcome
since
resulted in
brought about
led
factors
due/due to
led to
which in turn
result
discovered
because
had an impact on
it follows that
Use the following frames when you draft a paper or prepare to speak:
To open
__________ had a significant impact on __________.
The major cases of __________ can be traced to __________.
The critical factors which led to __________ were __________.
To close
The ending result was __________.
The findings suggest that __________.
but
like
same
produced
as opposed to
in contrast
however
similarly
both
although
compared to
yet
whereas
share
in common
just like
each
unlike
contrary
a distinction
between
on the other
hand
Use the following frames when you draft a paper or prepare to speak:
To open
The similarities between __________ and __________ indicate __________.
By comparing __________ to __________, it becomes clear that __________.
A comparison of __________ to __________ reveals __________.
To compare or contrast
Although __________ and __________ are __________, __________ is __________.
__________ is __________, whereas __________ is __________.
The most obvious difference between __________ and __________ is __________.
To close
By comparing __________ to __________, we learn __________.
The differences between __________ and __________ are important because __________.
displays
contains
for example
associated with
explain
illustrates
consists/exhibits
such as
defined by
describe
refers
indicates
is known for
considered to be
discuss
belongs
defines
understood as
is also called
Use the following frames when you draft a paper or prepare to speak:
To open
__________ is best described as __________.
To define __________, it is necessary to understand __________.
__________ is known for __________ and is important because __________.
To explain or describe
__________ is an illustration of __________.
__________ is frequently referred to __________.
To close
An explanation of __________ provides insight into __________.
A complete definition of __________ allows us to __________.
state a position
recommend a solution
present an interpretation
position
agree
opinion
prove
in fact
propose
view
disagree
state
validate
as stated by
believe
assert
convince
argue
according to
argues against
strongly
supports
asserts that
persuade
argues in favor
of
Use the following frames when you draft a paper or prepare to speak:
To open
In regards to __________, I believe __________.
My opinion on the issue of __________ is __________.
__________ presents the position that __________.
To state a position
__________ proves that __________.
My views are based on __________.
To close
There is little doubt that __________.
__________ urges us to __________.
Sequence
Use the language of description and elaboration when you are asked to:
-
summarize a story
recount steps in a process
provide directions
before / after
during
meanwhile
within
at present
first / then
following
now
throughout
long before
currently
later
yet
today
prior to
soon thereafter
initially
eventually
it wasnt long
before
in the final
scene
over time
the next
Use the following frames when you draft a paper or prepare to speak:
To open
__________ began when __________.
During the __________, __________.
For the past __________(years, months, days), __________.
To sequence
Several (years, decades, days) later, __________.
The next step (phase, stage) was __________.
To close
By the end, __________.
__________ finally __________.
The Prompt
Identify
topic
Clarify
purpose
Include
background
information
Show
cause and
effect
relationships
The Language of
Introduction
Essential
Structural
Elements
Key Content
Who is the
audience?
What is my purpose?
What specific
components do I
need to include?
Drafting an Introduction
_______ is significant
because
_________________.
________ is an important
topic.
To
understand___________, it
is necessary to take a
closer look at __
________________.
A discussion of
_______________
must include
______________.
This paper will examine
_________.
The purpose of this
paper is to ____.
An examination of
_______ will reveal that
______________.
The impact of
______________ can be
seen in____________.
The main reason for this
is _______.
The Initial
Explanation
Which of the
following
moves will you
make to explain
your purpose?
State
reasons
Elaborate
with
examples
Analyze
information
Compare
information
Show a
cause and
effect
relationship
The Language of
Explanation
Drafting an Explanation
An analysis of ___
suggests that ___.
For example,
____________.
A key reason for this is
________.
_____ is an example of
________.
Another example can be
found in
This example explains
__________.
It is widely recognized
that _______.
Take into
consideration_________.
This is true because
____________.
This illustrates the
importance of
______________________.
However,
_________________.
Similarly, _______________.
As a result of
_______________
Continued
Explanation
Which of the
following
moves will
you make to
further explain
your purpose?
State
reasons
Elaborate
with
examples
Analyze
information
Compare
information
Show a
cause and
effect
relationshi
p
Clarify
information
The Language of
Explanation
Another example
of________ can be seen
in ___________.
Drafting an Explanation
For instance,
____________.
A key reason for this is
________.
_____ is an example of
how______.
Other explanations
include ______.
This example points to
__________.
On the other hand,
____________.
In contrast to _________,
_________ is
_______________.
This suggests that
____________.
This illustrates the
importance of
__________________.
Yet another reason may
be _____.
However,
_________________.
Similarly,
_______________.
Consequently,
As a result of
____________, it became
clear that ____________.
The Conclusion
Which of the
following
Dutro
moves
& Levy
will
you make to
2008/E.L.Achieve
close your
explanation
clearly and
concisely?
The Language of
Drafting a Conclusion
Conclusion
To summarize,
Constructing Meaning: Explicit Language for Content Instruction
___________.
www.elachieve.org
In closing,
_________________.