3o

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1.
.
2.
.
3.
.
4. ,
.
5. .
6. ;
7. .
8. Deadweight.
9. , Ro-Ro, Lo-Lo.
10. .

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1


.
,
, , .
,
.
.
-
/
. ,

(fatigue) ,
()
.
( crack initiation and propagation)
/ .
2

(Liquified gas carriers):

, (Liquified
Petroleum Gas , LPG)
(Liquifed Natural Gas, LNG).
, ,
, ,
.
.
LNG : LPG
, (
-104 -176 ) .
LPG , ,

.

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3

(volume-limited)

. ,
, ..
, ( ) ,
(, .), .
(mass-limited)
.
,
, .. ,
.
(dimensionally-limited)


,
(, .), .
,
(deadweight coefficient ratio).

.

(block coefficient. Cb),
13 14.
4

(Deadweight)
,
(,,), , ,
, ,
.
.
.
(Gross Tonnage, GRT)


, <<>>
.
-

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(Stowage Factor)
O
.
5

.

3.
( )
. ,
,
.
, (
),
(
) ( 15 ),

( 28 ).

,
( )
.

,

.

(value of time),
, .. /
. ,


. ,
,
,
,
/ . .
,
(
-

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),
- , SES
Monohull.
6

,

.
7

.

2.

,

. ,

.
1970, . ,

,

, -.
,
,
. , ,
,
( ).,

.

(Deadweight)
-

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,
(,,), , ,
, ,
.
.
.
9

() (Combination bulk carrier)

.
(single deck)
.

,
.
.
-
15000m3/ hour 5000m3/ hour .
.
.
Ro-Ro
Roll-on/Roll-of
, <<>> /
. ,
( )
. , Ro-Ro
- .
,
( 5 )
<<>> . ,
,
. . u Ro-Ro <<>>
/ .
<<>>
(slewed) .
3000 4000 dwt
18 22 . /
-

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Ro-Ro 12 ,
/
.
<<ferry>>
/ ,
.
,
. -
<<>> , .
, -

. /-/
SOLAS
, . ,
SOLAS Ro-Ro

,
.
Ro-Ro
. SOLAS
(bow-doors)
,
, .
: 2500-20000 grt
: 22
Lo-Lo(Lift on/Lift-off)
( )
- 1000 . ,
, .
: 20000 dwt
:17-19
Lo-Lo <<heavy industries>>

.
, <<->>

-

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. Ro-Lo
- .
10

, .


.
.
1. (Light ship)
2. (Light Waterline ,LWL)
3. (Base level)
4. (Base line)
5.(Draft or Draught)
6.(Hull)
7. (Tanks)
8.(Trim)
9. (Stringers or Beams)
10. (Centerline Plane or Middle Line Plane)
11. (Doublebottom)
12.E(Displacement)
13.E(verwater)
14. (Freeboard)
15.(Waterline)
16. (Quarter)
17. (Main Deck)
18. (Centre of Gravity)
-

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19. (Centre of Buoancy)
20. (Depth or Height)
21. (Camber)
22. (Holds)
23.(Stringer or Beams)
24. (Bow)
25. (Amidship or Midship Section)
26.(Metacentre)
27. (Length Between Perpendiculars, LBP or LPP)
28. (Deadweight)
29.(Frames)
30. (Parallei Middle Body)
31. (Bulwark)
32.(Bilge Keels)
33. (Waterplane)
34. (Moulded Breadth or Beam)
35.(Stern Post)
36. (Sheer)
37. (Strake)
38. (Sheer Strake)
39. (Bilge Strake)
40.(Keelson)
41.(Stem Post)
42. (Block Coefficient)
43. (Deadweight Coefficient)
44. (Stowage Factor)
-

10

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45. (Keel)
46.(Superstructure)
47.(Deck Erection)

11