Thc phm chc nng

TS. Nguyn Hng Long

Cc An ton v sinh thc
phm

Ni dung trnh by:

I. Vai tr n ung v nhu cu n
II. Thc phm thc phm chc
nng
III. Cng b tiu chun sn phm
v cp chng nhn c s
iu kin VSATTP

I. Vai tr n ung
1. Nhu cu hng ngy, bc thit
2. n khng ch chng cm gic

i
3. n gn lin vi sc khe.
4. n cn em li nim thch th
5. n gn lin vi pht trin

Nhu cu n ca Mt i ngi trung bnh

10 tn go.
25 tn rau, c, qu, tht, c, trng, ng,
sa...

Nhu cu dinh dng

L lng thc n cn thit duy tr s sng v

pht trin ca tng c th.

Nhng cht cn thit

+ Cht sinh nng lng: Gluxit, Protit, Lipit
+ Vitamin B1, B2, B6, B12, C, K, E, A, D, PP,
folic.
+ Cc cht khong:
- Cht a lng: St, canxi, P, iode, mui n
- Vi lng: Fluor, Zn, Mg, Cu, Cr, Se, Co, molipden
+ Nc n ung

II. Thc phm chc nng

1. Mt s Khi nim
Thc phm: Sn phm con ngi n,
ung dng ti, sng hoc qua ch bin,
bo qu.
Thc phm nguy c cao: C nhiu kh
nng b cc tc nhn sinh hc, ho hc, l
hc xm nhp gy nh hng n sc kho
ca ngi tiu dng.
Thc phm chc nng: L thc phm h
tr c th hot ng, c tc dng dinh dng,

Cho n nay cha c mt t chc

quc t no a ra nh ngha y
v thc phm chc nng, mc d c
nhiu Hi ngh quc t v khu vc v
thc phm chc nng. Thut ng Thc
phm chc nng, mc d cha c mt
nh ngha thng nht quc t, nhng c
s dng rt rng ri nhiu nc trn th
gii.+ Cc nc chu u, M, Nht: a ra nh
ngha thc phm chc nng l mt loi
thc phm ngoi 2 chc nng truyn thng
l: cung cp cc cht dinh dng v tho
mn nhu cu cm quan, cn c chc nng
th 3 c chng minh bng cc cng trnh
nghin cu khoa hc nh tc dng gim
cholesterol, gim huyt p, chng to bn,
ci thin h vi khun ng rut

+ Hip Hi thc phm sc kho v dinh dng

thuc B Y t Nht Bn, nh ngha: Thc
phm chc nng l thc phm b sung mt s
thnh phn c li hoc loi b mt s thnh
phn bt li. Vic b sung hay loi b phi c
chng minh v cn nhc mt cch khoa hc
v c B Y t cho php xc nh hiu qu
ca thc phm i vi sc kho.
+ Vin Y hc thuc vin Hn lm Khoa hc
quc gia M, nh ngha: Thc phm chc
nng l thc phm mang n nhiu li ch
cho sc kho, l bt c thc phm no c
thay i thnh phn qua ch bin hoc c
cc thnh phn ca thc phm c li cho sc
kho ngoi thnh phn dinh dng truyn
thng ca n.
+ Hip Hi thng tin thc phm quc t

+ c,
c, nh
nh ngha:
ngha: Thc
Thc phm
phm chc
chc nng
nng l
l
+
nhng thc
thc phm
phm c
c tc
tc dng
dng i
i vi
vi sc
sc kho
kho
nhng
hn l
l cc
cc cht
cht dinh
dinh ddng
ng thng
thng th
thng.
ng. Thc
Thc
hn
phm chc
chc nng
nng l
l thc
thc phm
phm gn
gn ging
ging nh
nh cc
cc
phm
thc phm
phm truyn
truyn thng
thng nh
nhng
ng n
n
c
c ch
ch bin
bin
thc
cho
cho mc
mc ch
ch n
n king
king hoc
hoc tng
tng ccng
ng cc
cc

cht dinh
dinh ddng
ng
nng
nng cao
cao vai
vai tr
tr sinh
sinh l
l ca
ca
cht
chng khi
khi b
b gim
gim d
d tr.
tr. Thc
Thc phm
phm chc
chc nng
nng
chng
l thc
thc phm
phm
c
c ch
ch bin,
bin, sn
sn xut
xut theo
theo cng
cng
l
thc, ch
ch khng
khng phi
phi l
l cc
cc thc
thc phm
phm c
c sn
sn
thc,
trong t
t nhin.
nhin.
trong
+ Hip
Hip Hi
Hi nghin
nghin cu
cu thc
thc phm
phm Leatherhead
Leatherhead
+
(chu u):
u): Cho
Cho rng
rng kh
kh c
c th
th nh
nh ngha
ngha
(chu
thc phm
phm chc
chc nng
nng v
v s
s a
a dng
dng phong
phong ph
ph
thc
ca n.
n. Cc
Cc yu
yu t
t chc
chc nng
nng u
u c
c th
th b
b
ca
sung vo
vo thc
thc phm
phm hay
hay nnc
c ung.
ung. T
T chc
chc ny
ny
sung

+ Rober Froid M.: Ti Hi ngh quc t ln th

17 v dinh dng (ngy 27-31/8/2001) ti Vin
(o) trong bo co Thc phm chc nng: Mt
thch thc cho tng lai ca th k 21 a
ra nh ngha: Mt loi thc phm c coi l
thc phm chc nng khi chng minh c rng
n tc dng c li i vi mt hoc nhiu chc
phn ca c th ngoi cc tc dng dinh dng,
to cho c th tnh trng thoi mi, kho khon
v gim bt nguy c bnh tt.
+ B Y t Vit Nam: Thng th s 08/TT-BYT
ngy 23/8/2004 v vic Hng dn vic qun l
cc sn phm thc phm chc nng a ra
nh ngha: Thc phm chc nng l thc
phm dng h tr chc nng ca cc b phn
trong c th ngi, c tc dng dinh dng, to

+ Nh vy, c rt nhiu cc nh ngha v thc

phm chc
nng. Song tt c u thng nht
cho rng: Thc phm chc nng l loi thc phm
nm gii hn gia thc phm (truyn thng - Food)
v thuc (Drug). Thc phm chc nng thuc
khong giao thoa (cn gi l vng xm) gia thc
phm v thuc. V th ngi ta cn gi thc phm
chc nng l thc phm - thuc (Food-Drug). Tuy
nhin, thc phm chc nng (Functional Food) khc
1)phm
c sntruyn
xut, ch
bin
theocng
vi thc
thng
(Food)
ch: thc: b
sung mt s thnh phn c li hoc loi bt
mt s thnh phn bt li ( king). Vic
b sung hay loi bt phi c chng minh v
cn nhc mt cch khoa hc v c c
quan nh nc c thm quyn cho php (th
ng l phi theo tiu chun).

2) C tc dng vi sc kho nhiu hn (tc dng vi

mt hay mt s chc nng sinh l ca c th)
hn l cc cht dinh dng thng thng. Ngha
l, thc phm chc nng t to ra nng lng
(calorie) cho c th nh cc loi thc phm
truyn thng (c bn) nh cc loi thc phm
go, tht, c
3) Liu s dng thng nh, thm tr tnh bng
miligram, gram nh l thuc.
4) i tng s dng c ch nh r rt nh ngi gi,
tr em, ph n tui mn kinh, ngi c hi chng
thiu vi cht, ri lon chc nng sinh l no

2. iu kin l thc phm chc nng

A. i vi thc phm b sung vi cht dinh dng
Lung vi cht a vo c th hng ngy theo hng dn
ghi trn nhn c t nht 1 vitamin hoc cht khong
cao hn 3 ln gi tr ca Bng khuyn ngh nhu
cu dinh dng RNI 2002 (Recommended Nutrient
Intakes) th phi c Giy chng nhn tnh an ton
ca sn phm v ghi r trn nhn hoc nhn ph mc
p ng RNI ca vi cht b sung.
B. Loi thc phm chc nng c cha hot cht sinh
hc:
- Bo co th nghim lm sng v tc dng ca sn
phm.
- Ti liu chng minh tc dng ca thnh phn c chc

C. Ni dung ghi nhn ca thc phm chc nng

1. Hng dn s dng ghi r: Tn nhm sn phm, i t
ng dng, cng dng, liu, chng ch nh, cc lu ,
tc dng ph.
2. Loi cha hot tnh sinh hc ghi r Thc phm ny
khng phi l thuc, khng c tc dng thay th thuc
cha bnh .
3. Cm ghi: Ch nh iu tr bnh; sn phm thay
th thuc.

D. Cc ATVSTP ch tr v phi hp vi Cc qun l

Dc v V Y hc c truyn phn loi v thng
nht qun l.
1. Sn phm c cha vitanmin v mui khong cha c
trong Bng khuyn ngh v nhu cu dinh dng.

3. Thc phm chc nng, thc phm v thuc

FunctionalFood
Food
Functional
Dietarysuplement
suplementNutraceutical
Nutraceutical
Dietary

Drug

Food

No
No claim
claim

Health
Health
claim
claim

Drug
Drug claim
claim

Thc phm chc

nng
- Nhn sn phm l
thc phm, m bo
CL VSAT, sc kho, ph
hp vi cc quy nh
v thc phm
- C th s dng th
ng xuyn, lu di

Thuc
-Nhn ghi sn
phm thuc, c
tc dng cha
bnh,
phng
bnh vi cng
dng, ch nh,
liu dng, chng
ch nh.

- S dng khng cn
khm bnh, k n
ca thy
thuc
V d:
Tr bc h

- S dng cn
c khm bnh, k
n ca thy
thuc
- Ghi nhn: Nc ung gii nhit
th l Thc
phm chc nng
- Ghi trn nhn: Ch nh iu tr ri lon d
dy th l Thuc

4. Phn loi thc phm chc nng

a. Nhm b sung vitamin v khong cht

VD: Sa bt b sung acid Folic, vitamin,

khong
b. Nhm dng vin: Vin C si
c. Nhm Khng bo, Khng ng
VD: Nhm tr tho dc
d. Nhm cc loi nc gii kht, tng lc
VD: Nc ung b sung nng lng, vitamin,
khong cht cho c th khi tp th dc th

e. Nhm giu cht x tiu ho:

VD: Nc x, Vin x, Ko x
f. Nhm cc cht tng cng chc nng ng
rut: X tiu ho sinh hc (Probiotics) v
tin sinh hc (Prebiotics) vi h VK cng
sinh rut gi.
g. Nhm c chc nng c bit
- Thc n cho ngi cao tui
- Thc n cho vn ng vin, phi hnh gia
- Thc n cho ngi i thoi ng
- Thc n cho ngi cao huyt p
- Thc n thin nhin: ti, tr xanh..

Cc Dng sn phm thc phm chc nng

1.Dng lng ng chai, lon: Lipovital, bohuc,
lione...
2.Cao ming: Cao Trn, Kh, Gu, Nga Bch
3.Bt: Hng chanh, hng cam, bt m cc,
bt dinh dng cao nng lng.
4.Ti lc: Ch sm, ch vng, tr gng...
5.Vin nn: Vin vitamin cc loi.
6.Vin nang: Garlic 25, du gc, vin nang
malve
7.Cm: Can xi...
8.Vin si: Vin si c b xung Vitamin C hng
cam, hng chanh, hng kem tri cy thp cm...

Mt s cht c vai tr trong tphm chc nng

1.Taurine:
L Aminoacid, c th c th tng hp c..
Taurine c cha sunfua v c tc dng chng oxy
ho. Taurine c trong no, vng mc mt, c tim, x
ng v c trn. Taurine c trong mt s loi thc
phm nh tht, trng, hi sn v ung t sa
(thc
ng
Quyphm
nhngun
ca cgc
v gii
hnvt).
trong thc phm
TT

Tn thc phm

Liu ti
a/ngy

B sung cho vn ng
vin

Mg

60

Mg

2.000

ung Cafein

Hm lng Taurine trong mt s nc ung tng

lc, nc ung b dng ti Vit Nam
TT

Tn sn phm

Lng b sung ti
a/ngy

Nc tng lc Samurai

600mg/l

Nc tng lc Superhorse

Nc tng lc Lipovital

3200 - 4800mg/l (800 1200mg/250ml)

Nc tng lc Redbull

4000 600mg/l

Nc tng lc Lione

9,8 0,2mg/l

Nc tng lc Rhino

3950 - 4050mg/l

Nc tng lc Dona

3000mg/l (600mg/200ml)

Nc ung b dng Bachus F

3920mg/l (980mg/250ml)

8000mg 160mg/l
(200mg 40mg/250ml)

2. Carotenoid:
Cng vi Alpha-tocopherol, vitamin C, Glutathion v
Selen u c coi l cht dinh dng chng oxy ho c
tc dng iu ho s p ng min dch trong c th.
HmTn
lng
Carotenoid
s rauLicopene
qu
- trong
- mtLuteinthc phm
carotene carotene zeaxanthin
(mcg/10g)
TT

Cryptoxanth
in

C ci

2560

7700

Ci bp nu chn

1300

1800

Da b

3000

35

C rt nu chn

9800

3700

260

Ci bp

5400

16300

Rau dip

1200

1800

C chua ti

520

100

3100

C chua p ng
hp

900

330

8580

3. Diallyl sulfid trong ti

Trong h hnh ti c nhiu hp cht Sulfur hu
c nh Allyl, Diallyl sulfid... c s dng cch
y hng trm nm vi tc dng khng sinh v
chng huyt khi.
Mt s cng trnh NCKH ti Trung Quc cho
thy: ni c ung th d dy cao, vi ngi s
dng ti c t l ung th d dy thp hn 10 ln
soPolyphenol
vi ngi khng
n tr
ti.
4.
trong
Nhiu NC DTH lin quan gia ung tr v ung
th ca ngi cng nh th nghim trn ng vt
u cho thy tc dng ca polyphenol trong tr
i vi bnh ung th.

iiI. CNG B tiu chun SN PHM v CP

GIY CHNG NHN IU KIN vsattp i
vi sn phm Thc Phm chc nng

nh hng cht lng v sinh an ton thc

phm ti sc kho
Ng c cp tnh

Th lc

Ng c mn tnh

Bnh tt

To hnh

iu ho gen

Bnh truyn qua

thc phm

Cc Bnh khc: HA, K (35%

lin quan n ung), si mt,
i ng, x gan, rng ming,
long xng...)

Cht lng
v sinh attp

Tiu ho

H thng enzyme

Chc nng

Ging ni

Thn kinh

Sinh dc
Qu trnh chuyn ho

Tim mch

H hp

Bi tit

Ng c thc phm:
Vi khun
Vi sinh vt

Virus
K sinh trng

c t t nhin

ng vt c cht c
thc vt c cht c

NTP
NTPcp
cptnh
tnh

Ph gia thc phm

HCBVTV
Ho cht

Kim loi nng

Khng sinh
Hormone
m

thc n h hng
bin cht

ng
M

NTP
NTPmn
mntnh
tnh

A. Cng b tiu chun VSATTP vi tP chc nng

T chc, c nhn SX, KD TP c ng k KD v i
din cng ty, hng nc ngoi khi a sn phm TP
vo lu thng tiu th trn th trng VN phi c
cng b tiu chun SP.
Giy chng nhn cng b tiu chun sn phm c
gi tr trong 03 nm k t ngy c CQNN c thm
quyn cp.
Thm quyn: B Y t xc nhn cng b tiu chun
sn phm ca cc doanh nghip (SX, nhp khu, i
din doanh nghip nc ngoi) i vi cc sn phm
TP chc nng.

B. iu kin m bo vsattp
Kinh doanh thc phm l kinh doanh c iu
kin.
T chc, h gia nh, c nhn Vit Nam, t
chc, c nhn nc ngoi khi sn xut, kinh
doanh thc phm phi bo m cc iu
kin theo quy nh v v sinh an ton sau:
- iu kin v c s
- iu kin v trang thit b, dng c
- iu kin v con ngi

C. Cp Giy CN iu kin VSATTP i vi cc c

s SX, CB, KD thc phm chc nng

10 nhm thc phm c NCC gm:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Tht v cc sn phm t tht;

Sa v cc sn phm t sa;
Trng v cc sn phm ch bin t trng;
Thu sn ti sng v qua ch bin;
Cc loi kem, nc ; nc khong thin nhin;
Thc phm chc nng, thc phm tng cng
vi cht dinh dng, thc phm b sung, ph
gia thc phm.
7. Thc n, ung ch bin n ngay;
8. Thc phm ng lnh;
9. Sa u nnh v sn phm ch bin t u
nnh;

Thm quyn:
B Y t cp Giy chng nhn cho cc c
s SX, KD thc phm chc nng, thc phm
tng cng vi cht dinh dng, thc phm b
sung, ph gia thc phm, nc khong thin
nhin.
Th tc:
Theo Q 11/2006/Q - BYT ca B trng
BYT v vic ban hnh Quy ch cp

giy

chng nhn c s iu kin VSATTP i

vi c s SX, KD thc phm c nguy c cao

Xin cm n!

Cc loi nhim thc phm

1. nhim sinh
hc
2. nhim ho
hc
3. nhim vt l

 nhim sinh hc
Cc tc nhn sinh hc gy nhim thc phm

1. Vi khun:

Cc vi khun c trong
thc phm c th gy
bnh nhim khun
hoc ng c thc
phm.

Bnh nhim khun thc phm l do n

phi vi khun gy bnh, chng pht trin
v sinh c t trong c th ngi, thng
trong rut.
Ng c thc phm do n phi cht c
hnh thnh t trc (cht c do VK sinh
ra trong thc phm t trc khi n).

 nhim sinh hc
Cc tc nhn sinh hc gy nhim thc phm

1. Vi khun:

(Tip theo)

Thng ngi ta chia ra 2 loi vi khun hnh

thnh bo t v vi khun khng hnh thnh bo
t.

Cc loi vi khun
hnh thnh bo
t:
(VD:
Cl.
botulinum;
Cl.perfringens;
Bacillus cereus)

Cc loi vi khun khng

hnh thnh bo t:
(VD: Vibrio cholerae;
Vibrio
parahaemolyticus;
Shigella;
Salmonella;
Campylobacter; Listeria;
Staph.aureus;
Streptococcus;
E.coli;
yersinia enterocolitica;
Proteur)

 nhim sinh hc
Cc con ng gy nhim sinh hc vo thc phm

Tc nhn sinh hc
Sc vt
b bnh

m tht

Nu
khng k

Mi tr
ng

nhim:
t
Nc
Khng
kh

Sinh vt c
c t

c t nm
mc
Thc vt c
c
ng vt c
c

Thc phm

ch bin
thc phm

Bo qun
thc phm

V sinh c
nhn

iu kin
mt v sinh.
Khng che
y rui,
b, chut

(Tay ngi
lnh
mang
trng, ho
ht
hi)

 nhim sinh hc
Cc tc nhn sinh hc gy nhim thc phm

2. Vi rus:

Virus vim gan A

Virus vim gan E
Rotavirus
Norwalk virus
Virus bi lit

 nhim sinh hc
Cc tc nhn sinh hc gy nhim thc phm

3. K sinh
trng:

K sinh trng n bo
Giun a
Giun tc
Giun mc
Giun xon
Sn l gan nh
Sn l phi
Sn dy ln
Sn dy b

 nhim sinh hc
Cc tc nhn sinh hc gy nhim thc phm

4. Cc sinh vt c c t:

(Tip

theo)
ng vt c cht c:
Cc
C nc (tetradotoxin).
c t trong nhuyn
th:
DSP (Diarrhetic Shellfh Poisoning): Gy tiu
chy
NSP: Gy lit thn kinh
ASP (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning): Gy ng
tr
PSP (Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning): Gy lit

 nhim sinh hc
Cc tc nhn sinh hc gy nhim thc phm

4. Cc sinh vt c c t:
theo)

Thc vt c c:
Sn (HCN).
L ngn

(Tip

 nhim ho hc

Gm c:

1. Nhng cht ho hc cho thm

vo thc phm theo mun.
2. Nhng ho cht ln vo thc
phm.
3. Ho cht bo v thc phm.

 nhim ho hc
Nhng cht ho hc cho thm vo thc phm theo mun:
bo qun thc phm:
- Cht st khun: mui nitrat, nitrit, acid benzoic, natri benzoat,
natri borat (hn the)
- Khng sinh: chloramphenicol, tetracycllin, streptomycin,
penicillin.
- Cc cht kch thch, tng trng.
- Cc cht chng oxy ho: acid ascobic, a.citric, a.lactic,
-Tocophenol
- Cht chng mc: natri diaxetat, diphenyl...
Tng tnh hp dn ca thc n:
- Cht to ngt tng hp: saccarin
- Cc phm mu: phm mu v c, hu c, phm mu tng hp.
Cc cht cho thm vo ch bin c bit:
- Cc cht lm trng bt: kh chlor, oxyt nit
- Cht lm tng kh nng thnh bnh, dai, dn ca bt: bromat,
hn the