PTVT 2014 PDF

T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 1
Gii phng trnh: 2x 3 +
3x 1
=0
3 2x2 + 2 x
Li gii
3
3
x
iu kin:
2
2
Phng trnh c vit li di dng
2x 3 +
(3x 1)
3 2x2 2 + x
3x2 + 4x 1
= 0 2x 3 +
3 2x2 2x2 + 6x 5 = 0
3 2x2 + x 2
=0
1x
3 2x2 = 2x2 6x + 5
Nhm c nghim x0 = 1 nn ta c bnh phng phng trnh mt cch bnh thng
2x 6x + 5 0
4x4 24x3 + 58x2 60x + 22 = 0
4
0
9
2x2 6x + 5 0
(x 1)2 (4x2 16x + 22) = 0
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
i chiu thy nghim tha mn. Vy phng trnh c nghim duy nht x = 1.
Bi: 2
2
x+1
Gii phng trnh: (2x 5) 2x + 3 =
3

s
2
x1
3
x=1
Li gii
5
2
s

1
2
1
(4x2 9)
Khi : P t 2x 5 = 3 (2x + 3) x 1 (2x 5)2 =
3
27
k cn c ngha v 2 v cng du l x
104x2 540x + 684 = 0 x = 3(n) x =
57
(l).
26
Vy Pt c 1 nghim x = 3.
Bi: 3
17x + 1
Gii phng trnh:
= 2x 3
3 2x2 + 2 x
Li gii
Hnh thc ging bi 1 nhng ta li khng nhn lin hp c nn c quy ng xem sao? Vit li
phng trnh di dng
2x2 + 10x + 7 = (2x 3) 3 2x2

t u =
3 2x2 2x2 = 3 u2 v phng trnh tr thnh

3 u2 + 10x + 7 = (2x 3) u u2 + (2x 3) u 10x 10 = 0
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 1
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Coi y l phng trnh bc hai vi n l u v tham s l x ta c

u = (2x 3)2 + 4 (10x + 10) = 4x2 28x + 49 = (2x 7)2
3 2x + 2x 7
= 2
2
3 2x 2x + 7
u=
= 5 2x
2
u=
Do u 0 nn ch nhn nghim
u = 5 2x
2x2
= 5 2x
3 2x2 = 4x2 20x + 25
5
2
Vy phng trnh cho v nghim.
Bi: 4
Gii phng trnh: 8x2 + 3x + (4x2 + x 2) x + 4 = 4

Li gii
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Pt
x+4
2
+ 4x2 + x 2
x + 4 + 8x2 + 2x 8 = 0
2
x+4 = 4x2 + x 6
x+4+2=0
(1)
(V N )
x + 4 + 4x2 + x 4 = 0
x+4
2
x + 4 4x2 2x = 0, (2)
x+4 = (4x + 1)2
x + 4 = 2x
(2)
4
0
9
...
x + 4 = 2x + 1
x=
65
3 + 57
x=
8
Bi: 5
x3
1
Gii phng trnh:

=
2x 1 1
x+3 x3
Li gii
K: x 3
Phng trnh cho tng ng vi:
x2 9 (x 3) =
GV: V Vn Nhn
2x 1 1
x2 9
n thi H-C
2x 1 (x 4) = 0
Trang 2
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Nhn xt: Nhn thy pt c nghim l x = 5 v x = 4 ta ngh n cch to ra nhn t chung l

(x 4)(x 5) tuy nhin mun to ra nhn t ny th thm bt n rt l. Do vy ta lm nh sau:
(1) df racx2 2x 8 x2 9 + 2x 1 (x 4) = 0 (x 4)(
x2
x+2
1) = 0
9 + 2x 1
TH1: x = 4 tha mn k bi ton x = 4 l mt nghim ca pt
TH2: Quy ng ta c: x2 9 + 2x 1 = x + 2 (2)
em (1) cng (2) ta c: x2 9 = x 1 x2 9 = x2 2x 1 x = 5

Vy pt c 2 nghim l x = 4; x = 5.
Bi: 6
Gii phng trnh: 6x3 + 15x2 + x + 1 = (3x2 + 9x + 1)
x2 x + 1
Li gii
t u =
x2 x + 1 khi phng trnh tr thnh
1
m
a
r
t
o
a

u2 3x2 + 9x + 1 u + 6x3 + 14x2 + 2x = 0
Coi y l phng trnh bc hai vi n l u v tham s l x ta c

u = 3x2 + 9x + 1
2
4
0
9
4 6x3 + 14x2 + 2x = 3x2 + 5x + 1
2
3x2 + 9x + 1 + 3x2 + 5x + 1
= 3x2 + 7x + 1
2
3x2 + 9x + 1 3x2 5x 1
u=
= 2x
2
x0
1
+
13
x=
Vi u = 2x x2 x + 1 = 2x
6
x2 x + 1 = 4x2
u=
B
2
Vi u = 3x + 7x + 1
x2
x + 1 = 3x + 7x + 1
3x2 + 7x + 1 0
3x (3x3 + 14x2 + 18x + 5) = 0
3x + 7x + 1 0

3x x +
5
3
(3x2 + 9x + 3) = 0
n
Vy phng trnh c ba nghim l x 1+6 13 ; 0; 3+2
x=0
x = 3+2
Bi: 7
Gii phng trnh: (x 3) 1 + x + x 4 x = 2x 3

Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 3
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
K: 1 x 4
PT cho tng ng vi:
(x 3)( 1 + x 1) + x( 4 x 1) = 0
(x 3)x
x(x 3)
=0
4x+1
1+x+1
x(x 3) = 0 (1)
1 + x + 1 = 4 x + 1 (2)
T (1) ta c x = 0 hoc x = 3
3
T (2) ta c x = .
2
Bi: 8
Gii phng trnh: (x + 2) x2 2x + 4 = (x 1) x2 + 4x + 7

Li gii
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Phng trnh cho tng ng vi
(x + 2) (x 1) 0
(x + 2)2 (x2 2x + 4) = (x 1)2 (x2 + 4x + 7)
4
0
9
(x + 2) (x 1) 0
3(x + 2)2 = 3(x 1)2
H phng trnh cui v nghim.
Vy phng trnh v nghim.
Cch 2: t x2 2x + 4 = a; x2 + 4x + 7 = b (a; b > 0)

Ta c
b 2 a2 + 9
6
b 2 a2 9
x1=
6
Khi phng trnh cho tr thnh:
x+2=
b2 a2 + 9
a=
6
b 2 a2 9
b
6
(b2 a2 + 9) a = (b2 a2 9) b
(a + b) (a 3 b) (a + 3 b) = 0
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 4
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
Suy ra
L Thu
a 3 = b x2 2x + 4 = x2 + 4x + 7 + 3
x2 + 4x + 7 = x 2
x2
x2
7 = 4(V L)
x2 + 4x + 7 = x2 4x + 4
a + 3 = b x2 2x + 4 + 3 = x2 + 4x + 7
x2 2x + 4 = x 1
x1
4 = 1(V L)
Vy phng trnh cho v nghim.
Bi: 9
Gii phng trnh: (2 2x 1 + x + 1)2 9x2 + 15 = 22x

Li gii
1
2
Nhm c nghim x = 1 nn bnh phng hai v ta c
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
K:x
2x2 + 3x 3 0
2
(2x + 3x 3) = (x + 1) (2x 1)
2x2 + 3x 3 0
3
4
0
9
x=1
(x 1) (2x + 7x + 4x 5) = 0
Vy phng trnh c nghim duy nht x = 1.
Phng trnh bc ba chng minh v nghim trong iu kin .

Bi: 10
Gii phng trnh: x3 + 22x2 11x (6x2 + 12x 6) 2x 1 = 0
Li gii
1
2
Phng trnh cho c vit li thnh:
K x
x3 + 22x2 11x = (6x2 + 12x 6) 2x 1

Bnh phng 2 v ln xem sao
Khi , ta c:
(x 1)2 (x2 18x + 9) (x2 8x + 4) = 0
GV: V Vn Nhn
x=1
x2 18x + 9 = 0
x2 8x + 4 = 0
x=1
x=96 2
x=42 3
n thi H-C
Trang 5
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
i chiu vi iu kin. Vy phng trnh cho c nghim:
x=1
x=96 2
x=42 3
Cch 2:
Nhn thy x0 = 1 l nghim ca phng trnh nn thc hin nhn lin hp ta c

x3 + 16x2 23x + 6 6 x2 + 2x 1
2x 1 1 = 0

x1
=0
(x 1) x2 + 17x 6 6 x2 + 2x 1 .
2x 1 + 1
x=1
6 (x2 + 2x 1)
x2 + 17 6
= 0(1)
2x 1 + 1
Ta gii phng trnh (1). Quy ng ta c
1
m
a
r
t
o
a

x2 + 17x 6
2x 1 = 11x2 + 7x 6
4
0
9
Tip tc nhn lin hp ta c

x2 + 17x 6
2x 1 1 = 10x2 10x
x=1
2 (x 1) (x + 17x 6)
= 10x (x 1)

2x 1 + 1
10x 2x 1 + 1 = 2 (x2 + 17x 6) (2)
2
Phng trnh (2) tng ng vi

2
5x 2x 1 = x2 + 12x 6 x2 5x. 2x 1 + 6 2x 1 = 0

x = 2 2x 1
x=42 3
x 2 2x 1 x 3 2x 1 = 0
x = 3 2x 1
x=96 2
i chiu thy tt c cc nghim u tha mn.

n
o
Vy phng trnh c 5 nghim x 1; 4 2 3; 9 6 2 .
Bi: 11
Gii phng trnh: 6x3 + 3x2 + 12x + 7 + 4 (x2 + x + 2)
x2 + x + 1 = 0
Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 6
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 12
Gii phng trnh:
x+1+
4
x 1 = x 1 + x2 2x + 3.
Li gii
K: x 1
q
q
q
4
2
4
pt x 1 + (x 1) + 2 = (x 1) + (x 1)2 + 2 ()
Xt hm s: f (t) = 4 t + t + 2 vi (t 0)
1
1
Ta c f 0 =
+
> 0 vi t > 0
4 3
2 t+2
4 t
Vy hm f lin tc v n iu tng trn tp s thc t > 0

Ta c () f (x 1) = f (x 1)2 x 1 = (x 1)2 x = 1; x = 2
Kt hp iu kin () ta c x = 1 v x = 2 l nghim ca phng trnh.
Bi: 13
Gii phng trnh:
3x2 + 33 + 3 x = 2x + 7.
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Li gii
x, t 0
2
Ta c P t : 3t4 + 33 = 2t2 3t + 7 3t4 + 33 = (2t2 3t + 7)
t t =
4
0
9
t4 12t3 + 37t2 42t + 16 = 0 (t 1)2 (t 2) (t 8) = 0

Vy Pt c 3 nghim : x = 3; x = 4; x = 64
Bi: 14
Gii phng trnh: 2 (5x 3) x + 1 + 5 (x + 1) 3 x = 3 (5x + 1)

Li gii
K:1 x 3
Thys xut hin ca hai cn thc nn ta t n ph dng hai n xem sao?
u= x+1
t
, (0 u, v 2) th ta c u2 + v 2 = 4
v = 3x
5x 3 = 3u2 2v 2
5x + 1 = 4u2 v 2
ng nht h s ta phn tch c : x + 1 = u2
Khi phng trnh cho tr thnh

2u(3u2 2v 2 ) + 5u2 v = 3(4u2 v 2 )
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 7
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
(2u v)(3u2 + 4vu 6u 3v) = 0

Nu 2u v = 0 th
Nu 3u2 + 4uv 6u 3v = 0 th ta c h phng trnh
u2
+ v2 = 4
3u2
+ 4uv 6u 3v = 0
Cng 2 pt vi nhau ta c :
(2u + v 4)(2u + v + 1) = 0
P/s: Kinh nghim bi ton no c c hai cn thc dng bc nht, t n ph hai n u ra c.
Bi: 15
Gii phng trnh: 4x2 + (2x 5) 4x + 2 + 17 = 4x + (2x + 3) 6 4x

Li gii
iu kin:
1
3
x
2
2
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
4x2 + (2x 5) 4x + 2 + 17 = 4x + (2x + 3) 6 4x(1)
(1) (2x + 3) 6 4x (2x 5) 4x + 2 = (2x 1)2 + 16
(2x + 3) 6 4x + (5 2x) 4x + 2 = (2x 1)2 + 16
4
0
9
V T 16()
i2
6 4x + (5 2x) 4x + 2
h
i2 h
i2
V P 2 2. (2x + 3) 6 4x + (5 2x) 4x + 2
h
V P 2 = (2x + 3)
V P 2 2 (96x2 + 96x + 104) = 2 24(2x 1)2 + 128 2.128 = 256.
V P 16()
Bi: 16
Gii phng trnh: (7 6x)
4 + 3x + (13 + 6x)
1 3x = 5 9x2 24x 11
Li gii
t:u =
4 + 3x; v =
1 3x th u2 + v 2 = 5
P T (5 + 2v 2 )u + (5 + 2u2 )v =
(u + v)3 =
u2 v 2 4u2 + v 2
5 u4
(5 + 2uv)3 + u4 = 5
iu ny v l.
Vy PT cho v nghim.
GV: V Vn Nhn

n thi H-C
Trang 8
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 17
Gii phng trnh: 7 3x 7 + (4x 7) 7 x = 32

Li gii
iu kin:
7
3
x7
3x 7
7x
Phng trnh cho tr thnh :
u2
+ 3v 2 = 14 (1)
7u + v(u2
v 2 + 7) = 32 (2)
T (2) ta c
u(u2 ) + (2u2 2v 2 + u2 + 3v 2 ) = 64
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
u3 + 3uv 2 + 3u2 v + v 3 = 64
(u + v)3 = 64
4
0
9
3x 7 + 7 x = 4
q
2 (3x 7)(7 x) = 16 2x
(8 x)
(3x 7)(7 x)
= (8 x)2
4x2
44x + 113 = 0
11 + 2 2
11 2 2
x=
x=
2
2
Bi: 18
11 2x
15
4x 1
Gii phng trnh:
+
=
2
4x 3
5x
Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 9
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
4x 1
11 2x
15
+
=
2
4x 3
5x
2
1
15
4x 3 +
+2 5x+
=
2
4x 3
5x

2
1
15
4x 3 + 2 5 x +
+
=
4x 3
5x 2

4x 3 + 2 5 x
15
4x 3 + 2 5 x + q
= .(1)
2
(4x 3)(5 x)
4x 3 + 25 x = a 0
(4x 3)(5 x)
=b0
a2 17
.
a2 4b = 17. b =
4
4a
15
(1) a +
= .
2
17 + a
2
2a3 15a2 26a + 255 = 0
(a 5)(2a2 5a + 51) = 0
a = 5.
19
4x 3 + 25 x = 5
x=
(4x 3)(5 x) = 2
x=1
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Bi: 19
4
0
9
Gii phng trnh: x + x2 3x + 9 = x2 + 2x + 10 + 1

Li gii
Bi: 20
1
1
23
Gii phng trnh:
+ x=
+ 3x2 + 11
2
x1
2x 3
Li gii
3
2
Vit li phng trnh di dng
iu kin: x >
1
1
23
= 3x2 x + 11
2
x1
2x 3
11
x2

= (x 2) 3x
2
x 1. 2x 3 x 1 + 2x 3

x=2
GV: V Vn Nhn
1
11

= 3x
(1)
2
x 1. 2x 3 x 1 + 2x 3
n thi H-C
Trang 10
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Phng trnh (1) d thy chuyn v ta c mt hm n iu vy ci ta cn l tm c mt

nghim na ca phng trnh v chnh l x = 2.
Bi: 21
Gii phng trnh:
2x
= 2x 3 3 x 1
4
Li gii
iu kin: x
3
2
2x
= 2x 3 3 x 1
4
x
x2
=0
2x 3 1 + 3 x 1 +
2
4
2
2x 4
(x 2)(x + 2x 4) x 2
+
+
=0
8A
4
2x 3 + 1
x=2
1
3
x2 + 2x 4 1
do :
+ > 0; x
+
8A
4
2
2x 3 + 1
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Bi: 22
Gii phng trnh: 2x2 + (2x 1) x2 + 9x + 9 = 6x + 9
4
0
9
Li gii
Bi: 23
Gii phng trnh: 4x2 + 3(x2 x) x + 1 = 2(x3 + 1)
K :x 1.
Li gii
4x2 + 3(x2 x) x + 1 = 2(x3 + 1)
4x2 2x3 2 + 3(x2 x) x + 1 = 0

h
i
(x 1) 3x x + 1 2x2 + 2x + 2 = 0
x=1
3x x + 1 = 2x2 2x 2
x=1
4x4 17x3 13x2 + 8x + 4 = 0
GV: V Vn Nhn
x=1
(x2 4x 4)(4x2 x 1) = 0
n thi H-C
Trang 11
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 24
Gii phng trnh:
x2 + 4x + 3 +
x2 + x =
3x2 + 4x + 1
Li gii
K: x 3 x 0; x = 1 Phng trnh thnh
q
(x + 1) (x + 3) +
x (x + 1) =
(x + 1) (3x + 1)
Xt x = 2 tho
Trng hp 1: x 0 phng trnh tng ng
8 + 76
2
x + 3 + x = 3x + 1 3x + 16x 4 = 0, x 2 x =
(loi)
3
Trng hp 2: x 3 phng trnh tng ng
8 76
2
x 3 + x = 3x 1 3x + 16x 4 = 0 x =
3
Cch 2:
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Phng trnh cho tng ng vi :

q
2 (x2 + x) (x2 + 4x + 3) = x2 x 2
4
0
9
2 (x + 1)2 (x2 + 3x) = (x + 1) (x 2)
Bi: 25
Gii phng trnh:
x x20
(x + 1)2 (3x2 + 16x 4) = 0
x = 1
x=
8 76
3
x2
x+2
+
2 = 1
x1
x+2+ x2
Li gii
iu kin: x 2
PT
t: t =
x2
, (t
x+2
v
u
u
u
u
u
u
t
x2
1
x+2 +
s
!2 = 1
x2
x2
3
+1
1+
x+2
x+2
4
0)
PT tr thnh
2t
1
+
=1
3t2 + 1 (1 + t)2
GV: V Vn Nhn
2t
t2 + 2t
=
3t2 + 1
(t + 1)2
n thi H-C
Trang 12
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
(t2 + 2t)
4t2
=
2
3t + 1
(t + 1)4

t3 t3 + 4t2 + 11t + 12 = 0
t=0
Vy PT c nghim duy nht x = 2.
Bi: 26
x+3
x+4
6x2
x+2
Gii phng trnh:

+
2 +
2 +
2 = 3
x+1
x2 + x + 2
x2 + x + 3
x2 + x + 4
Li gii
2
x + 2 (x2 + 1) (x2 + x + 2)
Theo BCS ta c:
2
x2 + x + 3 (x2 + 1) (x2 + x + 3)
5x2
2
5x2
2x2
Suy ra v tri Pt :V T
+
+2
x + 1 x 2 + 1 x + 1 x2 + 1

2

2
2
2
2
x
5x
x
+
3
+
1
x
+
1
x 5x + 5 2 x + 1
VT
+2
+2
(x2 + 1) x + 1
(x2 + 1) x + 1
VT 2=VP
x2
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
4
0
9
Vy V T = V P = 2 x = 0
Vy Pt c nghim duy nht :x = 0

Bi: 27
Gii phng trnh: (2x 9) x + 7 + 3x 2 + 2x + 9 = 0

Li gii
2
3
Phng trnh c vit li di dng
iu kin: x
(2x 9)
x+73 +
3x 2 2 + 8 (x 2) = 0
"
2x 9
3
(x 2)
+
+8 =0
3x 2 + 2
x+7+3
2x 9
3
Mt khc
+
+ 8 > 0, x
3x 2 + 2
x+7+3
Vy phng trnh c nghim duy nht x = 2
2
3
nn phng trnh tng ng vi x = 2

Bi: 28
x3
1
Gii phng trnh: 3
=x
x
x +1
Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 13
T Ton
iu kin:
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
x > 1
x 6= 0
L Thu
x4
Vit li phng trnh : 3
= (x 1) (x + 1) () x > 1
x +1
Lc :

s

1
1
4
2
x+ 2
() x = x 1 x3 + 1 x = 1 2
x
x
1
t: a = 1 2 > 0; b =
x
PT trn tr thnh :
x+
1
x2
a + b2 1 = ab b2 ab + a 1 = 0
a = a2 4 (a 1) = (a 2)2
b=a1
b=1
s
b=a1
1
= x12 (V N )
x2
x+
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
b=1 x+
Bi: 29
Gii phng trnh:
1
= 1 (V N do x > 1)
x2

=
3x 2 x 1. 2x 3
x 1 + 2x 3
4
0
9
2x 3 x 1 + 2
16 (x 2)
Li gii
iu kin:
3
x 6= 2
2
2x 3 x 1 + 2

q
Pt
=
16 2x 3 x 1
3x 2 (2x 3) (x 1)
t: t = 2x 3 x 1, 12 t 6= 0
1
t2
1
t+2
=
+4
16t
t=2
t=2 22
t = 2 2 2 (l)
2x 3 x 1 = 2
x = 26
x = 38 24 2 + 4 139 98 2
2x 3 x 1 = 2 2 2
q
Vy Pt c 2 nghim : x = 26; x = 38 24 2 + 4 139 98 2
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C

Trang 14
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 30
q
Gii phng trnh: 3(x2 + 1) 15 = 8x2 2 (2 x2 )

Li gii
iu kin:|x|
t a = x2 + 1, b =
4 2x2 a 1, b 0
Ta c h phng trnh
2a + b2 = 6
3a2
(1)
15 = 8b (a 1) (2)
T (1) th (2):

3b4 +16b3 36b2 64b+48 = 0

3b2 2b 12
37 v nghim
q
b = 3 + 13 x = 3 13 9
b=1+
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Bi: 31
Gii phng trnh:
x4 + x 2 + 1 +
4
0
9
b2 + 6b 4 = 0 b = 1+ 37b = 3+ 13
x (x2 x + 1) =
(x2 + 1)
x
Li gii
Chia 2 v cho x ta c
PT
1
x2 + 2 + 1 +
x
1
x+ 1=
x
1
x+
x
3
n gin, ta t t = x + df rac1x (t 2)
PT tr thnh
t2 1 +
t1=t t
t2 + t 2 + 2 (t2 1) (t + 1) = t3
q
(t2
2
1) (t 1) 1
=0
t2 1 (t 1) 1 = 0

t t2 t 1 = 0
(v nghim, do t 2)
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 15
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 32
q
Gii phng trnh: x 1 + x + (x + 2) 1 x = x + (1 x) (1 + x) + 1
Li gii
K: 1 x 1.
x 1 + x + (x + 2) 1 x = x + (1 x) (1 + x) + 1

x2 + x 1 + x + 2 x + 1
1xx =0

(x2 + x 1) 1
x+2
x+1
1x+x
=0
x2 + x 1 = 0
x+2 x+1= 1x+x
Bi: 33
x=
1 5
2
x=0
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Gii phng trnh:
3x + 2 + x 3x 2 = 2 2x2 + 1
Li gii
TH: x 1

3
Pt
4
0
9

3x + 2 2 + 3x 2 2x2 + 1 + x 3x 2 3x 2 = 0
3(x 2)
(x 2)(x 1) 3x 2
(x 2)(x + 2)
q
+
+
= 0 x = 2.
2
3
x + 3x 2
(3x + 2)2 + 2 3 3x + 2 + 4 3x + 2 2x + 1
TH:
2
3
x < 1.
Pt x + 1
3x + 2 + x 1

3x 2 + 2 2x2 + 1 2x 1 = 0
x3 + 3x2 1
3x(1 x)
4x2 4x + 3
q
+
+
= 0, (1)
2
(x + 1)2 + (x + 1) 3 3x + 2 + 3 (3x + 2)2 1 + 3x 2 2 2x + 1 + 2x + 1
Pt (1) v nghim do V T > 0 Vy Pt cho c 1 nghim : x = 2
Bi: 34
Gii phng trnh:
3+ x
x+ x+2
x x + x + 2 x2 + x x + 2
x2 + 3
10
+
+
+
+
=
2
2
2
x +x x+x+3 x +x x+3 x + x+4
x+x x+4
x x+x+ x+3
3
Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 16
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
K: x 0
Ta c: 3 + x = ( x + 1) + 2; x + x + 2 = ( x + 1) + (x + 1)
x x + x + 2 = (x + 1) + (x x + 1); x2 + x x + 2 = (x2 + 1) + (x x + 1)
x2 + 3 = (x2 + 1) + 2
t: a = 2; b = x + 1; c = x + 1; d = x x + 1; e = x2 + 1
Khi phng trnh cho tr thnh :
a+b
b+c
c+d
d+e
e+a
10
+
+
+
+
=
c+d+e a+d+e a+b+e a+b+c b+c+d
3
Cng 5 vo hai v ca phng trnh ( cng 1 vo mi phn s ) , ta c :
1
1
1
1
1
25
(a + b + c + d + e).(
+
+
+
+
)=
3
1
1
1
1
1
+
+
+
+
) = 25
3(a + b + c + d + e).(
1
1
1
1
1
t A = 3(a + b + c + d + e); B =
+
+
+
+
Theo bt ng thc AM-GM ta c : A.B 25
Du "=" xy ra khia = b = c x = 1
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Bi: 35
Gii phng trnh:
x x3=
3
2
1+
2
x
4
0
9
Li gii
Bi: 36
2
1
Gii phng trnh:

=3
+
x + 1 x x + x2 + 1
iu kin: x 0
Li gii
Vit li phng trnh di dng

2

x+1+
2
x + x +1x=3

x > 3 = V P , phng trnh v nghim.

Nu 0 x 1 ta xt hm s f (x) = 2 x + 1 + x + x2 + 1 x 3
Nu x > 1 th V T > 2
x+1+
Ta c
1
1
x
f (x) = +
+ 2
1=
x
x+1
x +1
0
1
1
x
1 +
+
> 0, x (0; 1]
x
x+1
x+1
Do f (x) l hm ng bin trn [0; 1]. Nhn thy f (0) = 0 nn suy ra x = 0 l nghim duy nht
ca phng trnh.
GV: V Vn Nhn

n thi H-C
Trang 17
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 37
Gii phng trnh:
6x 4
2x + 4 2 2 x = 2
x +4
Li gii
K: x 2; 2
6x 4
6x 4
2
PT
= 2
x = hoc 2x + 4 + 2 2 x = x2 + 4 (1)
3
x +4
q2x + 4 + 2 2 x
2
(1) 4 2 (4 x ) = (x 2) (x + 4)

Ta thy V T (1) 0 V P (1) do x 2; 2

Suy ra V T (1) = V P (1) x = 2
2
Vy PT c nghim x = 2; x = .
3
Bi: 38
Gii phng trnh: 3 4 1 + x + 4 1 + 3x = 3 4 1 + 2x + 1
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Li gii
K: x
1
3
4
0
9

P T 4 1 + 3x 1 = 3 4 1 + 2x 4 1 + x
1 + 3x 1
1 + 2x 1 + x
= 3

4
4
1 + 3x + 1
1 + 2x + 4 1 + x
3x
3x

=

4
4
4
1 + 3x + 1
1 + 3x + 1
1 + 2x + 1 + x
1 + 2x + 1 + x

1 + 3x + 1 = 4 1 + 2x + 4 1 + x
1 + 2x + 1 + x
Ta quan tm ti PT 4 1 + 3x + 1
cc BT 1 + x + 1 + 2x 1 + 1 + 3x v 4 1 + x + 4 1 + 2x 1 + 4 1 + 3x
Suy ra V P () V T () vy V T () = V P () x = 0.
Bi: 39
Gii phng trnh:
x+
()
x2 4x + 1 = x + 1
Li gii
Bi: 40
Gii phng trnh:

x + 6 x + 1 x + 3 + x2 + 1 = 6 (3x + 4)
Li gii
K: x 0
Nhn lin hp a v phng trnh

x+6 x+1 .
GV: V Vn Nhn

6x + 8
2+1
=
6
(3x
+
4)
x
+
6
x
+
1
=
3
x
+
3
x
x + 3 x2 + 1
n thi H-C
Trang 18
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
x2 + 1 x 1 + 6
L Thu
x + 6 x + 1 + 3 x2 + 1 3x 9 = 0

x+11 +
6x
6x
x=0 2
+ x=0
+
x+1+1
x +1+x+1
x=0
6 x
6 x
1+
2
= 0(1)
x+1+1
x +1+x+1

6 x x2 + 1 + x x + 1

> 0, x 0
Mt khc V T(1) = 1 +
x2 + 1 + x + 1
x+1+1
V vy phng trnh c nghim duy nht x = 0.
Bi: 41
s
Gii phng trnh:
1
x3
+
3
3x
1
x
+
= 3x 2 + 1
3 3x
Li gii
iu kin: x 1
s
x2 + 1
= 3x 2 + 1.
3x
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Pt
x4 1
+
3x
4
0
9
x2 + 1 2
x2 + 1
3x 2 + 1
= 2
x 1 + 1 = 3x 2 + 1
3x
3x
x 1+1
s
x2 + 1
3x 2 + 1
1 + 1 2
=0
3x
x 1+1
x2 + 1 3x
x2 1 3x 2
+
=0
3x
x2 1 + 1
x2 3x + 1
x2 3x + 1

=0

3x x2 + 1 + 3x
x2 1 + 1
x2 1 + 3x 2
3+ 5
x =
2
x2 3x + 1 = 0
3 5
x=
(l)
2
3+ 5
Vy Pt c 1 nghim : x =
.
2
Bi: 42
Gii phng trnh: (2x 1) 2 x + (2x + 3) 2 + x 4 x2 = 3x 4

Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 19
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
Bi: 43
Gii phng trnh:
3+
L Thu
7x 6
3+x
=
7x
4 + 7 3x
Li gii
7
3
TH 1: Thay x = 3 vo phng trnh ta thy l nghim
iu kin: x
TH 2: Vi x 6= 3. Khi phng trnh cho tng ng vi phng trnh
3 + 3 7x 6
(3 + x)(4 7 3x)
=
7 x
9 + 3x
3
3 + 7x 6
(4 7 3x)
=
7x
3
3 3 7x 6 = 19 4x (7 x) 7 3x
3 3 7x 6 3x + (7 x) 7 3x (19 7x) = 0
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
(2)
4
0
9
3(x3 + 7x 6)
3 (x3 + 7x 6)
=0
+
2
a + ax + x2
(7 x) 7 3x + (19 7x)
!

1
1
3
3 x + 7x 6
+
=0
a2 + ax + x2 (7 x) 7 3x + (19 7x)
x3 + 7x 6 = 0
(1)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Kt lun: Phng trnh cho c 3 nghim x = 3; 1; 2

Bi: 44
Gii phng trnh: x 1 +
2x + 1 + 2 =
Li gii
iu kin: x
1
2

x + 2 x + 2x + 1
P T x + 2 + x( 2x + 1 x + 2) (x + 2)(2x + 1) = 0
t: a =
x + 2, b = 2x + 1(a, b 0)
a2 + (a2 2)(b a) ab = 0
a3 + a2 + 2a + b(a2 a 2) = 0
a(a2 a 2) + b(a2 a 2) = 0
(a2 a 2)(a b) = 0
a = b x = 1
a = 2 x = 2
a = 1(l)
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 20
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
Bi: 45
x+1
Gii phng trnh:
+
3x 2
L Thu
3
3x + 2
= 3x 2
4
Li gii
2
3
Phng trnh cho tng ng vi :
iu kin: x >
3x + 2. 3x 2 = 8x 12 ()
3
phng trnh () c nghim :8x 12 > 0 x >
2
q

5
t: 3x 2 = a a > 2
s
1
8 (a2 + 2)
4
20
12 3 3 + 3 + 2 = 8
a a2 + 4 =
3
a a
a
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
1
4
20
Hm s f (a) = 3 3 + 3 + 2 nghch bin trn khong
a a
a
T suy ra : x = 2 l nghim duy nht ca PT ban u.
Bi: 46
4
0
9
5
; + v f (2) = 0
2
Gii phng trnh: (3x 8) x 2 14 x 5 9x + 36 + 6 (x 2)(x 5) = 0
Li gii
t: t = x 5 x = t2 + 5, (t 0) P T (3t2 + 6t + 7) t2 + 3 9t2 14t 9 = 0

!

2
9t
+
14t
+
9
t
+
3
t
+
3
t2 + 3
+
2
=0
2
2
3t + 6t + 7
3 (t 1)2
3 (t + 1) (t 1)2

= 0, (t 0)
+
2 (3t2 + 6t + 7)
2 t + 3 + 2 t2 + 3
(t 1)2 = 0 t = 1
Vy Pt c 1 nghim :x = 6.
Bi: 47
Gii phng trnh:
3x 1(x 2) + x( 3x 1 2) + 4 2 x + (x 4 x + 3)(x + 6 x + 8) = 0
Li gii
Bi: 48
Gii phng trnh:
3x + 1 +
x+5+
x+3
2 (x2 + 1)
32 x
(1 x) +
2
Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 21
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Nhn thy nhiu cn nh ny ngh ngay n vic nh gi

iu kin 0 x 1

Khi v phi l hm nghch bin nn V P
!
1
3 2 x
=
(1 x)3 +

2
2
x=1

Mt khc s dng bt ng thc Bunhiacopski v bt ng thc C si ta c
3x + 1 +
x+3
2 (3x + 1 + x + 3) = 2 2 (x + 1)
q
x + 5 + 2 (x2 + 1)
x+5+x+1
2+x+1=
2
2
Do V T
1
2
Vy phng trnh tng ng vi V T = V P =
1
2
x=1
Bi: 49
Gii phng trnh:
1 + 2x +
1 2x =
3
1 + 3x + 3 1 3x
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Li gii
Cch 1:
t: 1 + 2x + 1 2x = 3 1 + 3x + 3 1 3x = u
Khi :
4
0
9
u2 = 2 + 2 1 4x2 2 u 2

u = 3 1 + 3x + 3 1 3x u 2 u3 = 2 + 3.u 3 1 9x2
1
1
3
3 1 9x2 = u 3u2 > 0 < x <
3
3

1 1
Suy ra cc bt phng trnh sau nghim ng x ;
3 3
3
1 + 3x (1 + 2x)3 (1 + 3x)2 x2 (3 + 8x) 0
1 2x 3 1 3x (1 2x)3 (1 3x)2 x2 (3 8x) 0
1 + 2x
Hay:

1 1
3
3
1 + 2x + 1 2x 1 + 3x + 1 3x , x ;
3 3
Du "=" xy ra khi v ch khi x = 0. Kt lun : Phng trnh c nghim duy nht x = 0. Cch 2:
Trc tin, hy xt hm s:f (t) = t 1 + at + t 1 at, (a, t 0)

Khi :
a
f 0 (t) =
t1 +
t1 t =
t. t 1 at
t. t 1 + at
a.

t
t1
1 at
q
t. 1
t
t1
1 + at
(at)2
t1
Do vy, hm f (t) nghch bin.
Gi, bc th v nht: Hy thay a = x; t ln lt bi 2 v 3. V kt qu s l: 1 + 2x + 1 2x

GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 22
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
3
1 + 3x + 3 1 3x
Do vy, PT phi c nghim duy nht x = 0.
P/s: "Thc cht t tng li gii ny(nu c ngi ra ) da vo nh l Lagrange, ci ny
hay dng trong pt m v loagarit hn on cui phi lp lun nh ny f(x) nghch bin mt khc
f (2) = f (3) nn f (x) l hm hng trn [2; 3] do a = 0"
Bi: 50
Gii phng trnh:
2+x+
2x+
(2 + x) (2 x) = 2 (x2 + x 1)
Li gii
K: 2 x 2

P t 4 + 2 4 x2 + 2 2 + x + 2 x + 1 = 4x2 + 4x + 1

2
2 + x + 2 x + 1 = (2x + 1)2
2 + x + 2 x = 2x
(1)
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
2 + x + 2 x = 2x 2 (2)
(1) 4 + 2 4 x2 = 4x2 , (0 x 2) ... x = 27 .
(2) 4 + 2 4 x2 = 4x2 + 8x + 4, (2 x 1)

2 + x 2 x 2x 2 + x = 0, (2 x 1) x = 2
Bi: 51
Gii phng trnh:
Cch 1:
5+x+
5x+
4
0
9
(4 + x) (4 x) = 4
Li gii
iu kin: x2 16
5x+
5 + x 4 10 + 2 25 x2 16 25 x2 3 x2 16
Cch 2:
Trc tin, nhn xt: Thay x bi -x th phng trnh khng thay i.
Do vy, ta ch cn xt:x [0; 4]
q
Khi , xt hm s f (x) = 5 x + 5 + x + (4 x)(4 + x)
1
1
2x
5x 5+x
2x
0
f (x) =
+
+q
=
< 0 vi x [0; 4]
5x
5+x
25 x2
16 x2
(4 x)(4 + x)
Do : f (x) nghch bin trn:[0; 4] f (x) f (4) = 4
Vy: x = 4.
GV: V Vn Nhn

n thi H-C
Trang 23
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 52
Gii phng trnh:
1
x1
23x+22
2
1
2x3
+ 3x2
Li gii
Bi: 53
Gii phng trnh:
x 3x2 +
3
18x2 1 = 3x
Li gii
Bi: 54
Gii phng trnh: x3 + 5x2 + 3x + 2 =
x2 + 10x + 8
Li gii
P T x3 + 5x2 + 3x + 2 + x2 + 10x + 8 = x2 + 10x + 8 +
(x + 2)3 + x + 2 = x2 + 10x + 8 + 3 x2 + 10x + 8
f (x + 2) = f ( 3 x2 + 10x + 8)
3
x2 + 10x + 8
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Xt hm s f (t) = t3 + t, t R c f 0 (t) = 3t2 + 1 > 0, t R

Vy:
4
0
9
f (x + 2) = f ( x2 + 10x + 8)
3
x + 2 = x2 + 10x + 8
(x + 2)3 = x2 + 10x + 8
x3 + 5x2 + 2x = 0
5 + 17
5 17
x=0x=
x=
2
2
Bi: 55
Gii phng trnh: 3 x (x + 3) +
x (x + 8) +
x (x + 15) = 13 |x|
Li gii
K: x 0 x 15
Ta thy x = 0 l nghim ca phng trnh
Xt x > 0 phng trnh tr thnh
3 x + 3 + x + 8 + x + 15 = 13 3( x + 3 2) + ( x + 8 3) + ( x + 15 4) = 0
3(x1)
x+3+2
x1
x+8+3
x1
x+15+4
=0
suy ra x = 1 l nghim phng trnh

Xt x 15 lp bng bin thin v suy ra pt v nghim.
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C

Trang 24
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 56

Gii phng trnh: x2 + x + 1 = x +
1
3
x2 + x + 3
Li gii
1
3
Bnh phng hai v pt ta c:
pt c nghim th: x
9(x2 + x + 1)2 = (3x + 1)2 (x2 + x + 1) 3x3 7x2 x + 6 = 0 (x 2)(3x2 x 3) = 0
1 + 37
T tnh c nghim: x = 2 v x =
.

6
Bi: 57
Gii phng trnh:
q
4
1
2
+x+
q
4
3
2
r
x+
1
2
+x

3
2
x =3
Li gii
K: 12 x
Ta c:
V:
q
4

1
2
1
2
+x

3
2
3
2
+x+
Suy ra: V T =
Nn P t
1
2
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
3
2
q
4
1
2
1
4
x
x
+x+
+x=
Bi: 58
3
2
1
2
+ x + 32 x
r q
q
4
3
2
1
2
+x+
x+
r
5
1
2
2
3
2
r
5
1
2
+x

3
2
x 1
x 2, (BCS)
+x

3
2
4
0
9
x 3
x = 1 x = 21 .
Gii phng trnh:
3+x+
1x+
(3 + x) (1 x) =
x4 +4x3 +10x2 +12x11

8
Li gii
K: 3 z 1
q
2
(x2 2x+3) 12(x2 2x+3)+16

P t 4 + 2 x2 2x + 3 + x2 2x + 3 =
8
q
2
t t = x2 2x + 3 = 4 (x + 1) 0 t 2
Ta c phng trnh
4
2
4 + 2t + t = t 12t8 +16 2t + 4 2 + t =
t4 12t2
8
t(6t)
2t+4+2t
t(12tt3 )
8
= 0, (0 t 2)
t = 0 (Phng trnh cn li v nghim v V T > 0)

Vy Pt c 2 nghim : x = 3; x = 1.
Bi: 59
r
Gii phng trnh: 8 5 x2 +
1
x2 +4x1
+ 54x2 = 121x 47
Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 25
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
K: 54x2 121x + 47 0
r
P t 8 5 x2 +
1
x2 +4x1
1
2
r
(x2 +4x1) 8
5 x2 +
47
27
13x 7 + 54 (x 1)2 = 0
(x1)2 (151x2 +724x+369)
L Thu
1
x2 +4x1
+ 54 (x 1)2 = 0
+13x+7
(x 1)2 = 0 x = 1.
Bi: 60
Gii phng trnh: (2x + 3)
2 + x + (2x + 1) 2 x = 5x + 4 + 4 x2
Li gii
K:2 x 2 t:
2 + x = a; 2 x = b (a; b 0)
Khi :
2x + 3 = 2 (x + 2) 1 = 2a2 1
2x + 1 = 2 (x + 2) 3 = 2a2 3
5x + 4 = 5 (x + 2) 6 = 5a2 6
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Phng trnh cho tr thnh:
(2a2 1) a + (2a2 3) b = 5a2 6 + ab
4
0
9
(a + 1) (2a 3) (a + b 2) = 0
a = 1
a=
3
2
a=
3
2
a+b=2
a+b=2
a = 32 2 + x = 23 x + 2 = 94 x =
a + b = 2 2 + x + 2 x = 2
1
4
x=2
2 4 x2 = 0 4 x2 = 0 4 x2 = 0
x = 2
i chiu vi iu kin
Vy phng trnh cho c tp nghim:S =
1
; 2; 2
4
Bi: 61
Gii phng trnh:
(1 + x)3 +
(1 x)3 + 14 =
(4 + x)3 +
(4 x)3
Li gii
Nhn thy khi thay x bi x th phng trnh khng i. Vy ta c, iu kin :0 x 4
Xt hm s f (x) = (1 + x) 1 + x + (1 x) 1 x (4 x) 4 x (4 + x) 4 + x + 14 = 0
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 26
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
Ta c
f 0 (x) =
L Thu
4+x
1 x 1x
4
+
x
+
4x+
2
2

1+x 1x+ 4x 4+x

= 32
1+x+
1+x
2
= 3x
1
1+x+ 1x
1
4+x+ 4x
4x
2
=0
T bng bin thin cho ta f (0) 0. Suy ra x = 0 l nghim ca phng trnh.
Bi: 62
Gii phng trnh:
x2 2x + 5 + 5 =
x 2 + 2x
Li gii
K: x 2
Pt tng ng vi:
( 3 x2 2x + 5 2) ( x 2 1) 2(x 3) = 0
x+1
(x 3)( (
3 2
x 2x+5)2 +2 3 x2 2x+5+4
1
x2+1
2) = 0
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Suy ra nghim x = 3
Xt x 2 th
4
0
9
1
x+1
2<0
3
3
x2+1
( x2 2x + 5)2 + 2 x2 2x + 5 + 4
Bi: 63
Gii phng trnh:
K:5 x 1
5+x+
1x+
(5 + x) (1 x) =
x
2
x+6
Li gii
Phng trnh cho tng ng:

5+x+ 1x)
3
=
x + 6 + x+6
2
2
( 5+x+ 1x)
+
= x + 6 + x+6
2
2
1x +
3

5+x+ 1x

5 + x + 1 x x + 6 1 + 21
5+x+ 1x+ x+6 =0

5+x+ 1x x+6 =0 5+x+ 1x= x+6
5+x+
2 (5 + x) (1 x) = x 4 (x2 4x + 5) = x2
5x2 + 16x 20 = 0 x =
82 41
5
Vy phng trnh cho c nghim duy nht x =
x=
8+2 41
5
8+2 41
.
5
Cch 2:
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 27
T Ton
t: t =
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh

5+x+
1x
(5 + x) (1 x) =
t2
2
L Thu
Phng trnh thnh

t2
x+6
+t3=
+ x + 6 3 ()
2
2
Xt hm s f (u) =
u2
2
+ u 3 f 0 (u) = u + 1 > 0, u 0
8 + 41
() 5 + x + 1 x = x + 6 x =
5
Bi: 64
Gii phng trnh:
x+3+
3
x 3 = 5 x + 5 + 5 x 5 x (3; 3)
Li gii
Pt
3+x
5+x=
1
Vi f 0 (x) =
3
3
3x
5 x f (x) = f (x)
1

5
(3+x)2q
(5+x)4
4
Do 3 < x < 3 5 5 (5 + x) > 5 3 (5 + x)2 > 5 3 (3 + x)2 > 3 3 (3 + x)2
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Suy ra f 0 (x) > 0, x (3; 3) f tng trn (3; 3)

Nn P t f (x) = f (x) x = x x = 0.
Bi: 65
Gii phng trnh: (x + 2)
4
0
9
x + 1 (4x + 5) 2x + 3 = 6x 23
Li gii
t: t =
x + 1 x = t2 1, (t 0)
Phng trnh tr thnh
t3 + 6t2 + t + 17 (4t2 + 1) 2t2 + 1 = 0

3
2 +t+17
2t2 + 1 t 1 + t + 1 t +6t42 +1
=0
(t2)(3t2 +4t+8)
2tt(t2)
=0
2 +1+t+1 +
4t2 +1
t = 2 (PT cn li v nghim do VT>0)
Vy Pt c 1 nghim : x = 3.
Bi: 66
Gii phng trnh: x =
1+x+
q
3
1+231+x
Li gii
t: y =
3
1 + x. Phng trnh cho tr thnh:
y 3 + y = 1 + 2y +
GV: V Vn Nhn
1 + 2y y =
n thi H-C
3
1 + 2y
Trang 28
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
Phng trnh c 3 nghim x = 2; x = 1
L Thu
5.
Ch : Phng php ny c th gii c mt lot cc phng trnh nh di y m cc
phng php khc ( nh t n ph)scha chc gii quyt c:

r
q
q
nx = 1 + x + 1 + 1 + x + ... + 1 + 1 + ... +
1+x
(Trong s hng cui c n du cn, do mnh khng g c bng cng thc nn phi ch gii)
2). Cc cn bc khc cng tng t, vn l cci phng trnh cui f (u) = f (v) c gii c
khng, gii c l ok
3). Luyn tp thm:
Gii cc phng trnh sau:
r
q
q
a) x + 1 + x + 1 + 1 + x = 3 1 + 1 + 1 + x
r
q
q
3
3
3
3
b) x = 1 + x + 1 + 3 1 + x + 1 + 3 3 1 + 3 3 1 + x
Bi: 67
Gii phng trnh:
q
1+x
1x

q
2
x
x
+ 1x
x = 2 1+x+1
+1
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Li gii
K: 0 x < 1
Pt
1+x
1x
+x+2
x(1+x)
1x
=2
x
1 + x 1 + 1x
+1

q
x
= 2 1 + x + 1x
1
x
+ 2 x(1+x)
+ 1x
1 + x + 1x
1x
2

q
q
x
x
2 1 + x + 1x
+1+
1 + x + 1x

2
q
x
x
1 + x + 1x
1 + 1x
= 0, (1)
4
0
9
1
1x
1=0
Vi 0 x < 1 V T (1) 0 v V T (1) = 0 x = 0

Vy phng trnh c nghim x = 0.
Bi: 68
Gii phng trnh:
1+x+
1x
3
1 x2 =
7
2
Li gii
K: 1 z 1
t t = 1 + x + 1 x 1 x2 =
t2 2
2
Phng trnh tr thnh

t2 2
7
3
= (2t 3)(t2 + 2t + 3) = 0 t =
2
2
2
3
Vi t = th 1 + x + 1 x = 23 1 x2 = 18 x = 3 8 7 x = 38 7
2
t3 +
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 29
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Cch 2:
P T 2
1+x+
3
2
3
1x +
1 + x + 1 x = 9 1 + x + 1 x =
2
Cch 3:
7
2
Phn tch
3
2
+ 12
2
3
2
1, v t n ph a VT thnh t + 12 t2 1. n y dng hm n iu
vi k t > 0 l ra ngay!
Bi: 69
Gii phng trnh: (2 x)
1 x + (4x 2) 1 + x = 3x x
Li gii
K: 0 x 1
+) Nhn thy x = 0 l mt nghim .
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
+) Vi x 6= 0, phng trnh cho tng ng vi :

t
1
x
2
x
q
1
x
1+ 4
1 = a (a 0) , phng trnh cho tr thnh :
2a + 1 a + 2 2a
Li c
a2
+2=3
4
0
9
2
x
q
1
x
+1=3
a=1
2a2 + 2a + 3 = 2 (1 + a) a2 + 2 ()

2
() (a2 + 2a + 1) 2 (1 + a) a2 + 2 + (a2 + 2) = 0 a + 1 a2 + 2 = 0
a2 + 2 = a + 1 a = 12
4
1
Kt lun : Phng trnh c cc nghim x = 0; x = ; x =
2
5
Bi: 70
Gii phng trnh: (x2 + 3x) 1 +
x2 + 1 =
4x + 12 + 4x + 28
Li gii
k cn c ngha v 2 v cng du l :x > 0
P t x2 + 3x 2 x + 3 + (x2 + 3x) x2 + 1 2 x + 7 = 0

x + 3 x x + 3 2 + (x2 + 3x 4) x2 + 1 + 2 2 x2 + 1 x + 7 = 0
2
x+3
(x1)(x+2)
+
(x
1)
(x
+
4)
x2 + 1 + 22(x1)(4x+3)
=0
x x+3+2
x2 +1+ x+7
x = 1 (Phng trnh cn li v nghim do VT>0)
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 30
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 71
Gii phng trnh:
3
x
2x3 10 = x
Li gii
K: x > 0
Phng trnh cho tng ng vi: 3x3 +
1 , t
x3
t t =
> 0 =>
1
x3
q
3
10
x3
= 1(1)
= t2
Phng trnh tr thnh
3t + 3 2 10t2 = 1 3 2 10t2 = 1 3t 27t3 37t2 + 9t + 1 = 0 (t 1)(27t2 10t 1) = 0

TH1: t = 1 th x = 1
TH2: 27t2 10t 1 = 0 do x > 0 nn t =
5+ 52
27
x =
77 20 13
q
3
Bi: 72
Gii phng trnh:
1
x

x 2
x+1
4(1+ 1+4x)
x+ x2 +3x+2+1
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Li gii
K: x > 0
Pt
1
x(x+1)2
4
0
9
4+4
1+4x
x+1+ (x+1)(x+2)
= 4x + 4x 1 + 4x
q
1
1
+ x+1
1 + x+1
= 4x + 4x 1 + 4x
x+1+
1
x+1
(x+1)(x+2)
(x+1)2
1
f ( x+1
) = f (4x)
Vi f (t) = t + t 1 + t, t > 0 f 0 (t) = 1 + t + 1 +
Suy ra f
B

1
x+1
= f (4x)
1
x+1
t
2 1+t
= 4x, (x > 0) x =
> 0 f : tng ,t > 0
21
.
2
Bi: 73

Gii phng trnh: 1 + x x2 + 1 = x2 x + 1 1 + x2 x + 2
Li gii
t y =
x2 x + 1
Phng trnh tr thnh
1 + x x2 + 1 = y + y y 2 + 1 x x2 + 1 y y 2 + 1 = y 1
2 1
+y 2 +1)
(x2 y2 )(x2
2
= yy+1
2
x x +1+y
y +1
(x1)(x2 +y 2 +1)
x x2 +1+y y 2 +1
x(x1)
x2 x+1+1
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 31
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
x=1
x2 +y 2
+1
x2 +1+y
x
x2 x+1+1
= 0 (1)
y 2 +1

2
( x2 +1x) + y2 +1y
2( x2 x+1x+1)
+ x2 x+1+1
x x2 +1+y y 2 +1
Ta c (1)
=0
q
x x2 + 1 + y y 2 + 1 > 0 y y 2 + 1 > (x) (x)2 + 1 y > x
x2 x + 1 > x
x2
x0
xR
x<0
x + 1 > x2
x2 x + 1 x + 1 0
x2
x<1
x1
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
nghim x = 1.
Bi: 74
Gii phng trnh: x2 + 2x 1
4
0
9
x R Vy phng trnh c
x + 1 x2 2x + 1
1 x2 = 3
Li gii
pt 2x 1 1 x2 = 3 x2 , (k : 0 x 1)

4x2 1 1 x2 = x4 6x2 + 9 x4 10x2 + 9 + 4x2 1 x2 = 0
x = 1 (l)
(1 x2 ) (9 x2 ) + 4x2 1 x2 = 0 1 x2 = 0
x=1
Bi: 75
Gii phng trnh: 9x2 + (12x2 + x) 2x 3x2 = 4

Li gii
Bi: 76
Gii phng trnh: x2 +

x + 1 3 2x + 1 = x x + 1 + 3 2x + 1
Li gii
Vi phng trnh ny, th tc gi mun chng ta thc hin php nhn phn phi v bt nhn t y.
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 32
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Tht vy ta c phng trnh cho tng ng vi phng trnh :
x2 x x + 1 x 3 2x + 1 + x + 1 3 2x + 1 = 0

x x

x + 1 x x + 1 3 2x + 1 = 0
x+1

3
2x + 1 = 0
Bi: 77
Gii phng trnh: x
1+x+
1x +
(1 x) (1 + x) + 1 = x
Li gii
4
0
9
Vi phng trnh ny tc gi luyn cho chng ta ghi nh cc php bin i i s c bit to

cc hng ng thc.
Nhn ton b phng trnh cho 2 ta c phng trnh :
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
2x
[(1 + x) (1 x)]
1+x
1+x
1+x+
1 x 1 + 2 (1 x)(1 + x) + 2 = 0
q

1 + x + 1 x 1 + (1 + x) + 2 (1 x)(1 + x) + (1 x) = 0

1+x+
1x
x+
Bi: 78
Gii phng trnh: (x + 13)
Bi: 79
1+x
1x +
1+x+
1x =0
1x=0
x + 1 + 3 (x 3) 3 3x 1 = 12x 4
Li gii

q
Gii phng trnh: x3 2x2 3 2x + 1 2x 1 3 (2x + 1)2 = 1
Li gii
t y =
3
2x + 1
Phng trnh tr thnh

x3 2x2 y + 2xy 2 y 3 = 0 x = y
Suy ra x =
2x + 1 x3 2x 1 = 0 x = 1; x =
GV: V Vn Nhn
1 5
.
2
n thi H-C
Trang 33
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 80
Gii phng trnh: x +
x + 4 + x + 25 + 1 = 2 x + 16
Li gii
K: x 4
PT x +
x + 25 + 1 2 x + 16 = 0
x+4+
t f (x) = V T ta c
1
1
1
f 0 (x) = 1
+
+
>0
x + 16 2 x + 4 2 x + 25
f (x) tng tng m x = 0 l nghim nn cng l nghim duy nht.
Cch 2:
PT x +
x+
x + 4 2 + x + 25 5 = 2 x + 16 8
x
x+4+2
x
x+25+5
x
= 2 x+16+4
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
1
1
2
x 1 + x+4+2
+ x+25+5
x+16+4
=0
2
12 1 +
Ta c x + 16 + 4 4 x+16+4
1
x+4+2
1
x+25+5
2
x+16+4
4
0
9
= 0 v nghim

Bi: 81
Gii phng trnh: x3 + 2 (x + 1)3 + 2 (x + 2)3 = 3x + 4

Li gii
K: x > 1
Ta c
(x + 2)3 = [1 + (1 + x)] 2 1 + 32 (1 + x) (x + 1)2 (4x + 7) 0 ng vi x > 1
Suy ra V T x3 + 0 + 2. 3x+5
= (x3 + 1) + 3x + 4 3x + 4 = V P
2
V V T = V P x = 1
Bi: 82
Gii phng trnh: x(x2 3x + 3)
x3 1 = 0
Li gii
K: x 0
P t x3 3x2 + 3x 1 = x3 (x 1)3 = x3 x 1 = x
2
x x 1 = 0 x = 1+2 5
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 34
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 83
Gii phng trnh:
x2 + 9x 1 + x 11 3x = 2x + 3
Li gii

2
P t x 11 3x = 2x + 3 x2 + 9x 1 x2 (11 3x) = 2x + 3 x2 + 9x 1
3
2 +21x+8
3x 6x
2
x2 + 9x 1 = 0
2x+3

3(3x3 6x2 +21x+8)

2 + 9x 1 = 0
9x
8
+
9x
+
8
6
x
2x+3
x(9x2 36x+20)
5(9x2 36x+20)
+
=0
2x+3
9x+8+6 x2 +9x1
9x2 36x + 20 = 0
x
2x+3
= 0 (2)
2
9x+8+6 x +9x1
2
3
x=
10
3
(1)
(2) x +
(1)
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
2
x2 + 9x 1
+ x
3
2
2
Vy nghim ca phng trnh x = 23 ; x =

Bi: 84
Gii phng trnh:
x+1+ 3 x1
2
15
4
= 0 (V N )
10
.
3
4
0
9
x
3
Li gii
t f (x) =
x+1+
Khi :
x1
2x
3
2
x+1 3x+1
f 0 (x) =
0
3 x2 1
Do vy: f (x) ng bin trn ton tp xc nh. Ni cch khc: f (x) c nghim duy nht.
3
M: f (0) = 0.
Bi: 85
q
Gii phng trnh:
x+1
2
x+2
3
x+3
4
= 3x
Li gii
K: x > 0 pt x
2x2
x1
2(x+ x+1
)
2
(x 1)
x+1
2
3x2
x2
3(x+ x+2
)
3
2x+1
2(x+ x+1
)
2
+x
x+2
3
4x2
x3
4(x+ x+3
)
4
3x+2
3(x+ x+2
)
3
+x
x+3
4
=0
=0
4x+3
4(x+ x+3
)
4
=0
x = 1 (Trong ngoc lun lun >0).

GV: V Vn Nhn

n thi H-C
Trang 35
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 86
Gii phng trnh: x3 + 12x + 7 2 + x + 7 8 x = 6x2 + 9

Li gii
Vit phng trnh v dng:
x3 6x2 + 12x + 19 + 7( x + 2 1) + 7( 8 x 3) = 0
Khi
(x + 1)(x2 7x + 19 +
Biu thc x2 7x + 19 +
7
x+2
7
8x+3
7
7
)=0
8x+3
x+2
> 0 vi 2 x 8
Nn phng trnh c nghim duy nht x = 1.

Bi: 87
Gii phng trnh: 4x2 10x 61 + (2x + 3) 2x + 1 + 2 x = 0
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Li gii
K:x > 0
P T 4x2 4x 48 + (2x + 3)
4
0
9
2x + 3 3 + 2 x 4 = 0

2x8
+ 2 x4
4 (x + 3) (x 4) + (2x + 3) 2x+1+3
=0
x+2
x=4
2
+
4 (x + 3) + (2x + 3) 2x+1+3
2
x+2
= 0 ()
Do x > 0 nn pt (*) v nghim.
Bi: 88
r
Gii phng trnh: x + x + x + x = 2 3 2
1
x7
1
x5
1
x3
1
x
Li gii
K: x 6= 0
q
pt (x4 + 1)(x3 + x) = 2 3 2(x4 + 1)( x x+1

7
q
+1
(x4 + 1)(x2 + 1) = 2 3 2(x4 + 1)( xx10
a.b = 2 3 2.a (a1)b 2 .x2

a3 b 3 =
ab =
16ab
x2 (a1)2
4
x(a1)
x11 + x9 + x7 + x5 4 = 0
x = 1 V f (x) ng bin.
GV: V Vn Nhn

n thi H-C
Trang 36
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 89
Gii phng trnh:
x2+
4x+
2x 5 = 2x2 5x
Li gii
K: x 25 ; 4

x21 +
4x1 +
2x 5 1 (2x2 5x 1) = 0
PT
(x 3)
1
x2+1
1
1
Mt khc, ta thy:
nn
1
x2+1
1
4x+1
1
4x+1
2
x2+1
(2x + 1) = 0
11 + 12 (2x + 1) < 0, vi mi x
+
2
x2+1
(2x + 1) < 0 vi mi x
5
;4
2
5
;4
2
Bi: 90
Gii phng trnh: 4 x + 1 1 = 3x + 2 1 x + 1 x2

Li gii
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
K: x [1; 1]
t x + 1 = a, 1 x = b, a, b > 0
4
0
9
Phng trnh cho tr thnh
2a2 + ab b2 2 (2a b) = 0 (2a b) (a + b 2) = 0

+/ Nu 2a = b x =
3
5
+/ Nu a + b 2 = 0 x = 0.
Bi: 91
Gii phng trnh:
2x+1
2x2 +6x+5
2
x+ x2 +10x+10
Li gii
Bin i phng trnh thnh
2x2 + 11x + 10 (2x + 1) x2 + 10x + 10 = 0

t t =
x2 + 10x + 10 a v phng trnh

t2 (2x + 1)t + x2 + x = 0
c t = 1.
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 37
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 92
q
q
Gii phng trnh: 15x2 + 10 (x + 1)3 + 26 = 6 (x + 1)5 + 30 x + 1
Li gii
t t =
x + 1 x = t2 1, (t 0)
a phng trnh v dng theo t

2
15 t2 1
+ 10t3 + 26 = 6t5 + 30t
f (t) = 6t5 15t4 10t3 + 30t2 + 30t 41 = 0, (t 0)
Ta c
f 0 (t)
= 30 (t2 t 1) 0
f (1) = 0
Vy Pt cho c 1 nghim x = 0.
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Bi: 93
Gii phng trnh:
1
x3
10
x2
3
x
2
10x1
=0
Li gii
Pt
1+10x
x2
t: t =
4
0
9
.Suy ra Pt theo t c nghim duy nht : t = 1
+3+
x
10x1
2x
10x1
10x+1
x2
=0
= t12
1
Phng trnh theo t c dng: t12 + 3 + 2t = 0 2t3 + 3t2 1 = 0 t = 1 hoc t =
2
Suy ra 10x 1 = x hoc 10x 1 = 2x.
Bi: 94
Gii phng trnh:
t t =
q
3
3x 2 x =
(3x 2)2 + (x + 1) 3 3x 2 + 3x 6 = 0
Li gii
t3 +2
3
Phng trnh theo t c dng

t2 +
t3 +2
3
+ 1 t + t3 4 = 0 t4 + 3t3 + 3t2 + 5t 12 = 0
t=1
(t2 + 2t 3) (t2 + t + 4) = 0
t = 3
.
Vy x = 1; x = 25
3
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 38
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 95
Gii phng trnh:
10 x +
x1=
Li gii
K: x [1; 10]
t 10 x = a, x 1= b
Phng trnh tr thnh
x=1
a + b
a4
3
a=0
a=
+b =9
x = 10 l nghim phng trnh.
Bi: 96
Gii phng trnh:
1 + x2
x2 + x + 4 =
x2 + x + 5 + x
Li gii
t t =
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
x2 + x + 4, t 0
Phng trnh tr thnh

q
x2 + 1 x = t2 + 1 + t (x)2 + 1 + (x) = t2 + 1 + t
Xt hm s: f (u) = u2 + 1 + u f 0 (u) = uu2 +1 + 1 > 0

x = t x =
x2 + x + 4
x0
Bi: 97
4
0
9
x = 4.
= 4
q

Gii phng trnh: (2x + 1) 1 + 2x + 1 + 1 = 3 2x + 1 3 (x + 1)2
Li gii
K: x 12
P T 2(x + 1) + ( 2x + 1)3 3 2x + 1. 3 (x + 1)2
t: u = 3 x + 1 v = 2x + 1 >= 0 2u3 v 2 = 1
Phng trnh tr thnh:

2u3 + v 3 3u2 v = 0 (u v)2 (2u + v) = 0 u = v u =
v
2
+TH1: Vi u = v th v () ta c: u = v = 1 suy ra x = 0
3
+TH2: Vi u = v2 th vo (*) ta c v4 v 2 = 1 v nghim do v > 0

GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 39
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Cch 2:
P t 2 (x + 1) +
t a =
x + 1, b =
2x + 1
3
=3

3
x+1
2
2x + 1
2x + 1 Phng trnh tr thnh
b = 2a
2a3 + b3 = 3a2 b (2a + b) (a b)2 = 0
b=a
Suy ra
2x + 1 = 2 3 x + 1 (V N : x 21 )
x (8x2 + 11x + 4) = 0
2x + 1 = 3 x + 1
Bi: 98
Gii phng trnh:
q
3
4
0
9
(4x + 1)2 +
x + 1 3 4x + 1 = (x + 1)( 3 4x + 1 + x + 1)
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Li gii
K: x > 1
t: a = 3 4x + 1, b = x + 1 ta c
a2 + ab = b2 (a + b) a (a + b) = b2 (a + b) a = b a = b2
a = b (4x + 1)2 = (x + 1)3 x3 13x2 5x = 0, x 41 x =
a = b2 3 4x + 1 = x + 1, x 41
x = 0 x2 + 3x 1 = 0 x = 0 x =
a = b2 3 4x + 1 = x + 1, x 41
x = 0 x2 + 3x 1 = 0 x = 0 x =
13 189
2
3+ 13
2
3+ 13
2
Bi: 99
Gii phng trnh:
(1 + x)3
(1 x)3 = 3x
Li gii
P T x.
+ 1+x+ 1x3 =0
1+x+ 1x
!
Cch 2:
t:
= 1x
1+x
, (u, v 0) u2 + v 2 = 2; u2 v 2 = 2x
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 40
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu

3 2
3
u v 2 = 0 (u v) u2 + uv + v 2 = (u v) (u + v)
2
2
u3 v 3 =
3
(u v) u + uv + v (u + v) = 0
3
Vi u v = 0 u = v 1 + x = 1 x x = 0.

Vi u2 + uv + v 2 23 (u + v) = 0 (u + v)2 uv = 32 (u + v) (1)
2
t t = u + v = 1 + x + 1 x,
2 t 2. ta c uv= t 22 .
t = 1(loi)
= 32 t t2 3t + 2 = 0
t=2
Vi t = 2 u + v = 2 1 + x + 1 x = 2 1 x2 = 1 x = 0
Khi (1) tr thnh :t2
t2 2
2
Vy phng trnh cho c nghim duy nht x = 0.

Bi: 100
q
Gii phng trnh:
1
2x
1
x
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Li gii
K: 0 < x < 2; 2
1
2x
4
0
9
Bnh phng 2 v ta c:
t:
1
1
= 2 2x2 2 x x2 = 2 x
x
2x
2 x = t (t 0) x = 2 t2
Khi , Phng trnh c vit li thnh:
2t5 t4 8t3 + 4t2 + 7t 4 = 0
(t 1) (t2 + t 1) (2t2 t 4) = 0
t=1
t=
t=
1 5
2
1 33
4
t=1
t=
t=
t=1
t=
t=
1+ 5
2
1+ 33
4
2x=12x=1x=1
1+ 5
1+ 5
3 5
1+ 5
x
=
x
=
x
=
2
2
2
2
1+ 33
1+ 33
17+ 33
1+ 33
x
=
x
=
x
=
4
4
8
8
i chiu vi iu kin. Vy phng trnh cho c 2 nghim:x = 1; x =
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
1+ 5
.
2
Trang 41
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 101
Gii phng trnh:
6
x+3
1
1+x
2+3 1+x
Li gii
1+x=a
a2 = x + 1
(a,
b
>
0)
a2 b2 + 3a = (x + 3)
b2 = 3 1 + x 2
2 + 3 1 + x = b
t
6
a2 b2 +3a
1
a
1
b
a3 b3 + 3a2 3ab + ba2 ab2 = 0

(a b) (a2 + b2 + 3a) = 0 a = b
Thay tr li cho ta : x = 0; x = 3.
Bi: 102
Gii phng trnh:
4
0
9
2x 3x+ 3x 6x+ 6x 2x
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Li gii
K: 0 x 2
2

2 x + 3 x + 6 x = 11 x
Pt
3 x + 6 x = 11 x 2 x
9 2x + 2 3 x 6 x = 13 2x 2 11 x 2 x
3 x 6 x = 2 11 x 2 x
18 9x + x2 = 26 13x + x2 4 11 x 2 x
2x=0
11 x 2 x = 2 x
x=2
11 x = 2 x
Bi: 103
q
Gii phng trnh: x3 + 2 (2x + 1)3 = 3x2 + 6x + 2

Li gii
t: t =
2x + 1 0 x =
t2 1
2
Khi phng trnh tr thnh

(t2 1)3
(t2 1)2
t2 1
+ 2t3 = 3
+6
+ 2 t6 9t4 + 16t3 9t2 + 1 = 0
8
4
2
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 42
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
+ Vi t = 0 khng l nghim ca phng trnh

+ Vi t 6= 0 chia hai v ca phng trnh cho t3 ta c
t3 +
1
t3
9(t + 1t ) + 16 = 0 (t + 1t )3 12(t + 1t ) + 16 = 0 (t + 1t 2)2 .(t + 1t + 4) = 0
Vi t + 1t 2 = 0 t = 1 x = 0
Vi t + 1t + 4 = 0 do t > 0 nn phng trnh v nghim.
Cch 2:
Cng hai v ca phng trnh cho (2 x) ta c :
x+2x=2x+
2 x. 3 x + 3 x. 6 x + 6 x. 2 x
( 2 x + 3 x)( 2 x + 6 x) = 2 (1)
Tng t ta cng c cc iu sau :
3 = ( 3 x + 2 x)( 3 x + 6 x) (2)
6 = ( 6 x + 2 x)( 6 x + 3 x) (3)
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Nhn 3 phng trnh (1), (2), (3) v theo v v ly cn bc hai ta c :
4
0
9
( 2 x + 3 x)( 2 x + 6 x)( 3 x + 6 x) = 6 (4)

T (1), (2), (3), (4) ta c h sau :
3 x + 6 x = 3 (5)
2 x + 6 x = 2 (6)
2 x + 3 x = 1 (7)
T phng trnh (5), bnh phng hai v ri chuyn v ta c :
x=
(3 x)(6 x) x2 = (3 x)(6 x) x = 2
Tng t cho cc phng trnh khc ta c :

(6) (6 x)(2 x) = (2 x)2 x = 2
(7) (2 x)(3 x) = (2 x)2 x = 2
Vy phng trnh cho c mt nghim l x = 2.
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 43
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 104

Gii phng trnh: 2 x +
1+x
x+2
+5=3 1+
1+x
Li gii
t: t =
1 + x 0 x = t2 1
Phng trnh tr thnh
2(t2 1 +
t
) + 5 = 3(1 + t) 2t4 3t3 + 2t2 t = 0 t(t 1)(2t2 t + 1) = 0
t2 + 1
Bi: 105
q
Gii phng trnh: x2 ( x + 1) + 4( x 1) + 2 x + 1 = x3 + 2x2 + x + 2

x1
Li gii
Bi: 106
1
m
a
r
t
o
a

Gii phng trnh: x
2 +2x2
x3
q
4
x2 +2x+2
x2 +4x+5
Li gii
Bi: 107
4
0
9
Gii phng trnh: (3x + 1)2 (2x + 2) 3x + 1 = (4x + 2) 4x2 + 5 3x 7

Li gii

2
2
P t x + 1 3x + 1 + 2x + 1 4x2 + 5 = 0
x + 1 3x + 1 = 0
x = 1.
2x + 1 4x2 + 5 = 0
Bi: 108
Gii phng trnh:
4
1
1
=
2
9x
2
3x + 2
Li gii
K: x 6= 0; x 2
3
t: 3x + 2 = a (a 0)
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 44
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Khi , phng trnh tr thnh:

4
(a2 2)2
1
a
1
2
8a 2(a2 2) = a(a2 2)
(a 2) (a2 + 2a 2) (a2 + 2a + 2) = 0
a=2
a = 1 3
a = 1 + 3
a = 2 3x + 2 = 2 x = 32
a = 1 + 3 3x + 2 = 1 + 3
a=2
Vy phng trnh cho c nghim x =
22 3
;x
3
22 3
3
= 23 .
Bi: 109
Gii phng trnh:
x4 + 2x3 + 3x2 + 4x +
1 2x = 4x3 4x4 + x + 1
Li gii
Bi: 110
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Gii phng trnh: 13 2x2 x4 + 9 2x2 + x4 = 16 2

Li gii
4
0
9
iu kin : 2x2 x4 0
p dng bt ng thc BCS ta c :

q
q
V T 2 = ( 2. 13.(2x2 x4 ) + 3 3 3(2x2 + x4 ))2 (13 + 27)x2 .(32 x2 ) = 4.10x2 (32 10x2 ) Tip
tc ta c
4.10x2 (32 10x2 ) 4.(
10x2 + 32 10x2 2
) = 322 = V P 2
2
Du
bng xy ra khi :q
q
13.(2x2 x4 )
3(2x2 + x4 )
=
2 10
x=
13
3 3
2
2
10x = 32 10x
Bi: 111
Gii phng trnh: 2 x3 2x2 + x + 4 = x2 2x + 5

Li gii
iu kin :x3 2x2 + x + 4 0
Phng trnh cho c vit li di dng :
q
(x + 1)(x2 3x + 4) = (x + 1) + (x2 3x + 4)
t a = x + 1, b = x2 3x + 4, vi a.b 0 phng trnh tr thnh
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 45
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
a2 + b2 2ab = 0 a = b
Suy ra x + 1 = x2 3x + 4 x = 1 x = 3.
Bi: 112
Gii phng trnh:
1
1+ 1+x
x
1+ 1+2x
1
1+ 1+3x
=1
Li gii
K: x
1
3
Ta c:

Suy ra
VT =
1+x+
1+x+
1
1+ 1+x
VT
VT
1 + 3x
= 2 + 4x + 2 1 + 4x + 3x2 2 + 4x + 2 1 + 4x + 4x2 = 4 (1 + 2x)
1 + 3x 2 1 + 2x, (1)
1
1+ 1+3x
4
2+2 1+2x
x+2
1+ 1+2x
VT VP
2
x
1+ 1+2x
x
, (do
1+ 1+2x
2+ 1+x+ 1+3x
x
1+ 1+2x
: (1))
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
VT VP
x+2
1+ 1+2x
x2
(1+ 1+2x)(x+1+ 1+2x)
1=
x+1
1+2x
1+ 1+2x
V V T V P = 0 x = 0..
Bi: 113
Gii phng trnh: x2 + x + 2 (x + 1)3 + 1 = 3 (x + 1)
4
0
9
3
x2 + x + 1
Li gii
Nhn thy x = 1 khng phi nghim, ta xt x khc 1, khi

pt
u2
v2
Cch 2:
+ 2 uv = 3
K: x 1
t a = x + 1, b = 3 x2 + x + 1, a 0, b > 0
2a3 3a2 b + b3 = 0 (a b)2 (2a + b) = 0
q
+ Trng hp a = b suy ra x + 1 = 3 x2 + x + 1 x2 + x + 1 = (x + 1)3 x (x3 + 2x2 1) = 0

+ Trng hp 2a + b = 0 v nghim.
Bi: 114
Gii phng trnh: 2 (x2 + 2x + 2)
x2 + 2x + 2 + (x 1) x + 2 = 0
Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 46
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
k : 2 x 1
Pt 2
q
3
(x + 1) + 1
4 (x + 1)2 + 1
i3
= (1 x) x + 2
= (1 x)2 (x + 2) , (1)
Ta c:V T (1) V P (1) 4 (1 x)2 (x + 2) = (2 x) (x + 1)2 0, (vi : 2 x 1)

V V T (1) V P (1) = 0 x = 1..
Bi: 115
Gii phng trnh: (x2 6x + 11)
x2 x + 1 = 2 (x2 4x + 7)
x2
Li gii
Pt
2
x
x+1
x2
2x2 8x+14
x2 6x+11
2
x 2x+3
x2( x2 x+1+ x2)
x2 x+1
x2
x2
x2 2x+3
x2 6x+11
x2 2x+3
x2 6x+11
4
0
9
x 2 x2 x + 1 + x 2 = x2 6x + 11 (x2 x + 1) x 2 x2 x + 1 6 (x 2) = 0

x2 x + 1 3 x 2
x2 x + 1 + 2 x 2 = 0

x2 x + 1 = 3 x 2 ... x = 5 6.
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Bi: 116
1 + 2x + 1 =
(x2 + x + 1) (3x + 2)
Li gii
1
2
Khi phng trnh cho c vit di dng :
q
(x + 1) + (x 2x + 1 (x2 + x + 1)(3x + 2) = 0
x2 (2x + 1) (x2 + x + 1)(3x + 2)
q
(x + 1) +
=0
(x 2x + 1 (x2 + x + 1)(3x + 2)
(x + 1)2 (x + 2)
q
(x + 1) +
=0
(x 2x + 1 (x2 + x + 1)(3x + 2)
(x + 1)(x + 2)
q
(x + 1)(1
=0
(x 2x + 1 (x2 + x + 1)(3x + 2)
Suy ra
q
(x + 1)(x + 2) = (x 2x + 1 (x2 + x + 1)(3x + 2)

K:x
(x + 1)2 (x + 2)2 = 5x3 + 6x2 + 5x + 2 + 2x (1 + 2x)(x2 + x + 1)(3x + 2)

q
2 x2 (1 + 2x)(x2 + x + 1)(3x + 2) = x4 + x3 + 7x2 + 7x + 2

q
(x4 + x3 + x2 )(6x2 + 7x + 2) = (x4 + x3 + x2 ) + (6x2 + 7x + 2)
t a = x4 + x3 + x2 , b = 6x2 + 7x + 2, a, b 0 Khi
2ab = a2 + b2 a = b
Suy ra
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 47
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
x4 + x3 + x2 = 6x2 + 7x + 2
x4 + x3 5x2 7x 2 = 0
(x2 2x 1)(x2 + 3x + 2) = 0
x2 2x 1 = 0 x = 1 2
Giao vi iu kin phng trnh c nghim : x = 1 +
2.
Bi: 117
Gii phng trnh: 3 x2 + 4x 5 + x 3 = 11x2 + 25x + 2

Li gii
x2 + 4x 5 0
K: x 3
11x2 + 25x + 2 0
Bnh phng 2 ln ln ta c:
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
(x2 + 7) (x2 21x + 70) = 0
x2 21x + 70 = 0 x =
i chiu iu kin

Bi: 118
Gii phng trnh: 1 +
(1 + x)3 = x +
K: x 0
21+ 161
;x
2
1+x
21 161
2
21 161
.
2
q
1+
4
0
9
1+x
Li gii
Khi phng trnh cho c vit li di dng :

q
(1 + 1 + x)3 3 1 + x(1 + 1 + x) = (x + 1 + 1 + x 2) 1 + 1 + x
t: t = 1 + 1 + x, t 1
t3 3t(t 1) = ((t 1)2 + t 2) t
t(t2 3t + 3) = (t2 t 1) t
t(t2 3t + 3) = (t2 t 1)
t(t2 3t + 3)2 = (t2 t 1)2
t5 7t4 + 17t3 17t2 + 7t 1 = 0
(t 1)(t4 6t3 + 11t2 6t + 1) = 0
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 48
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
1 + x = 1 x = 1(l)
1
1
1
t4 6t3 + 11t2 6t + 1 = 0 (t + )2 2 + 6(t + ) + 11 = 0 (t + 3)2 = 0
t
t
t
5
1
3
t + = 3 t2 3t + 1 = 0 t =
t
2
3+ 5
1+ 5
1+ 5
3+ 5
1+ 1+x=
1+x=
x=
Suy ra t =
2
2
2
2
1+ 5
Vy phng trnh c nghim x =
2
Cch 2:
q
t: 1 + 1 + x = a (a 0)

t=11+
Suy ra:
x = (a2 1) 1 = a4 2a2
1 + x = a2 1
2
Phng trnh cho tr thnh:

2
a (a + 1) (a2 a 1) = 0
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
a=0
a = 1
a=
1 5
2
a = 0
a =
1+ 5
2
a=0
a=
x + 1 = 1(L)
x + 1 = 1+2 5 x =
Vy phng trnh cho c nghim duy nht x =

Bi: 119
Gii phng trnh: x2 +
1
x2
1+
1+ 5
2
4
0
9
1+ 5
2
1+ 5
.
2
1 + x2 = 2 1 +
1 + x2
Li gii

q
4
2
2
x + (1 + 1 + x ) = 2x 1 + 1 + x2
q
2
(x 1 + 1 + x2 )2 = 0
q
2
x = 1 + 1 + x2
x4 = 1 + 1 + x2 1 + x2 ( 1 + x2 (x2 1) 1) = 0
5
2
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
Suy ra: 1 + x2 (x 1) = 1 (1 + x )(x 1) = 1 x (x x 1) = 0 x =
2
s
1
+
5
1
+
5
Suy ra x2 =
x=
2
2
Cch 2:
q
2
x2 + 1+ x1+x
2 1 + 1 + x2 (AM GM )
2
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 49
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
x4 = 1 + 1 + x2 1 + x2 (x2 1) = 1
t t = 1 + x2 x2 = t2 1
phng trnh thnh:t3 2t = 1 t =
1+ 5
2
x =
1+ 5
2
Bi: 120
Gii phng trnh: 2x3 4x2 + 3x 1 = (5x3 3x4 ) 3 3x

Li gii
Bi: 121
Gii phng trnh: x + 2 (x + 1)3 + 1 = 2x2 + 2x + 2x x + 1

3
Li gii
Bi: 122
Gii phng trnh: (x + 1) (x2 x + 2) = (x2 + x + 1)
x2 2x + 3
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Li gii
K: x 1
4
0
9
Khi phng trnh cho c vit li di dng :
x3 + x + 2 = (x2 + x + 1) x2 2x + 3
x(x2 2x 1) = (x2 + x + 1)( x2 2x + 3 2)

x2 2x + 3 4
x(x2 2x 1) = (x2 + x + 1)( 2
)=0
x 2x + 3 + 2
x2 + x + 1
(x2 2x 1)(x 2
)=0
x 2x + 3 + 2
Trng hp 1 : x2 2x 1 = 0 x = 1 2
Trng hp 2 :
x(2 + x2 2x + 3) = x2 + x + 1
(2x 1) + x( x2 2x + 3 (x + 1)) = 0
x(x2 2x + 3 x2 2x 1)
(2x 1) +
=0
x2 2x + 3 + x + 1
1
2x
) = 0 Suy ra: x = hoc x2 2x + 3 + x + 1 = 2x
(2x 1)(1 2
2
x 2x + 3 + x + 1
Bi: 123
Gii phng trnh:
x2 + x +
q
q
x + 1 + 1 + x2 x + x + 1 + 1 = 2 1 + 1 + x
Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 50
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 124
1
1
2
Gii phng trnh: 2
+ 2
=
x + x + 1
x x + 1
1 x2
Li gii
VT =
1
4
1
x2 + x + 1
x2 x + 1
x2 + x + 1 + x2 x + 1
4
2
(22x2 )
2
=
=
1 x2
VP
Du "=" xy ra khi x = 0..
Bi: 125
Gii phng trnh:
2x + 4
1+x=1
Li gii
K: x 2
t: t = 3 1 + x x = t3 1 phng trnh
tr thnh
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
t + 1
2t3 + 2 t = 1 2t3 + 2 = t + 1
2t3 t2 2t + 1 = 0
t + 1
(t 1)(t + 1)(2t 1)
t + 1
2t3
B
0
(t 1)(2t2 + t 1) = 0
=0
2t3 + 2 t = 1 2t3 + 2 = t + 1
t + 1
4
0
9
t + 1
(t 1)(t + 1)(2t 1)
t2 2t + 1 = 0
t + 1
(t 1)(2t2
+ t 1) = 0
=0
Vi t = 1 th x = 0
Vi t = 1 th x = 2
1
7
Vi t = th x = .
2
8
Bi: 126
Gii phng trnh:
x2 + 4x 3 + x x2 =
4x + 1 2
Li gii
K: x 2 + 7
P t x2 + 4x 3 4x + 1 = x2 x 2
x2 4
2
= (x + 1) (x 2)
x + 4x 3 + 4x + 1
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 51
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
x=2
x+2
= 0 (1)
4x + 1
x+1
x+2
0
V T (1) f (x) = 4x + 1
Do f (x) > 0 nn
x+1

f (x) f 2 + 7 > 0 V T (1) > 0 (1) : V N
x2 + 4x 3 +
Vy Pt c 1 nghim :x = 2.
Bi: 127
Gii phng trnh: 3x x2 2 + 3x2 4 = 2. 3x4 3x2 4

Li gii
P t 3x x2 2 = 2 3x4 3x2 4 3x2 4, (1)
Do x2 2 3x4 3x2 4 3x2 4 V P (1) 0 V T (1) 0

Khi
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
(1) 9x4 18x2 = 12x4 9x2 20 4 3x2 4 3x4 3x2 4
(3x4 3x2 4) 4 3x4 3x2 4 3x2 4 + 4 (3x2 4) = 0

2

3x4 3x2 4 2 3x2 4 = 0
3x4 3x2 4 = 2 3x2 4 x4 5x2 + 4 = 0
4
0
9
Theo k chn c 1 nghim : x = 2.

Bi: 128
Gii phng trnh: (x 1) x2 + x + 1 + (x + 1) x2 x + 1 = 2x2
Pt x
x2 + x + 1 +
Li gii
x2 x + 1
x2
2x
= 2x2
+ x + 1 + x2 x + 1
x=0
2

x2 + x + 1 + x2 x + 1 2x x2 + x + 1 + x2 x + 1 + x2 = x2 + 2 (1)

2

2
(1)
x2 + x + 1 + x2 x + 1 x =
x2 + 2 , (2)
Do: x2 + x + 1 + x2 x + 1 > x, x R nn
(2) x2 + x + 1 + x2 x + 1 = x + x2 + 2
2x2 + 2 + 2 x4 + x2 + 1 = 2x2 + 2 + 2x x2 + 2
x4
x0
x=1
+ x2 + 1 = x4 + 2x2
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 52
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Vy Pt c 2 nghim : x = 0; x = 1.
Bi: 129
Gii phng trnh: (1 + x) x2 x + 1 + (1 x) x2 + x + 1 = 2

Li gii
pt (x + 1) x2 x + 1 (x 1) x2 + x + 1 = 2
(x + 1)( x2 x + 1 1) (x 1)( x2 + x + 1 1) = 0
(x + 1)(x2 x)
(x 1)(x2 + x)
=0
2
x2 + x + 1 + 1
x x+1+1
(x + 1)(x2 x) = 0
1
1
2
=0
2
x x+1+1
x +x+1+1
x=1
x = 1
Bi: 130
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Gii phng trnh: x2 x + 3 + 2 5x 6 = x( 5x2 + 9x 18 + 2)

Li gii
4
0
9
6
5
x(x x + 3 5x2 + 9x 18) 2(x 5x 6) = 0

x(x3 + 3x2 5x2 9x + 18) 2(x2 5x + 6)

=0
x + 5x 6
x x + 3 + 5x2 + 9x 18
2(x2 5x + 6)
x(x3 2x2 9x + 18)

=0
x + 5x 6
x x + 3 + 5x2 + 9x 18
x(x 2)(x 3)(x + 3)
2(x 2)(x 3)
=0

x + 5x 6
x x + 3 + 5x2 + 9x 18
x(x + 3)
2
(x 2)(x 3)(
)=0
x x + 3 + 5x2 + 9x 18 x + 5x 6
Trng hp 1: (x 2)(x 3) = 0 x = 2 x = 3
Trng hp 2: x(x + 3)(x + 5x 6) = 2(x x + 3 + 5x2 + 9x 18)
x x + 3( 5x2 + 9x 18 2) + (x2 (x + 3) 2 5x2 + 9x 18) = 0 ()
6
105
t: a = x x + 3 v b = 5x2 + 9x 18 vi a
v b 0
25
Khi phng trnh () tr thnh :
K: x
a(b 2) + (a2 2b) = 0 (a + b)(a 2) = 0
a = b(l)
a = 2 x x + 3 = 2 x (x + 3) = 4 x + 3x2 4 = 0 (x 1)(x + 2)2 = 0 , phng trnh
GV: V Vn Nhn
a=2
n thi H-C
Trang 53
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
ny v nghim v x
L Thu
6
5
Vy phng trnh cho c nghim : x = 2; x = 3.
Bi: 131
2
Gii phng trnh: 1 + (x + x + 1) x +
r
1+
1
x2 +x+1
3
= (1 x3 )
1x
Li gii
K: x 1
t:
1+
1
x2 +x+1
> 1, v =
1x0
Khi phng trnh tr thnh :
1+
u2
1
1
(1 v 2 + u3 ) = 2
v3
1
u 1
v 3 + v 2 = u3 + u2 v = u
Vy
(1 +
1
x2 +x+1
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Vy phng trnh c mt nghim x = 1.

Bi: 132
4
0
9
1
1 x 1 + x2 +x+1
= 1 x x3 + x2 + x + 1 = 0 (x + 1)(x2 + 1) x = 1
Gii phng trnh: x x2 + x 2 + 3x x5 1 = (x2 + 3)(3x7 2x2 + x 2)
Li gii
K: x 1

x2 + x 2; x 3 x5 1 , x; 3
q
Ta c: V T x2 + x 2 + 3x2 (x5 1) x2 + 3 = V P
Dng BCS cho 2 b s :
Pt V T = V P
x2 +x2
x

x 3 x5 1
3
f (x) = x9 x4 x2 x + 2 = 0, (x 1)
f 0 (x) = 9 (x8 x3 ) + 5 (x3 x) + 3 (x 1) + 2 > 0, (do : x 1)
V f (1) = 0. Vy phng trnh c nghim x = 1.
Bi: 133
Gii phng trnh:
3x 2 = x2
Li gii
Bi: 134
Gii phng trnh: (2x + 3) 4x + 1 = 8x + 5

Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 54
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu

2
Pt
4x + 1 2 (2x + 3) 4x + 1 + 12x + 9 = 0

4x + 1 3
4x + 1 4x 3 = 0 ...
x = 2.
Bi: 135
Gii phng trnh:
x2 9
+ 19x2 + 50x + 40 + 3x + 7 = 5x + 8
4x + 3
Li gii
Bi: 136
s
Gii phng trnh: (x 4)(x + 1) + 4(x 4)
x+1
+3=0
x4
Li gii
K: x 1 x > 4
q
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
t2 + 4t + 3 = 0 phng trnh v nghim.

Trng hp 2: x 1
t2 4t + 3 = 0 t = 1 t = 3
3 29
t=1x=
2
3 61
t=3x=
2
Bi: 137
Gii phng trnh:
4x 3 +
x + 1 = 2 4x2 + x 3 + 5x 22
Li gii
x + 1, t 0
t2 t 20 = 0 t = 5 2 4x2 + x 3 = 27 5x ...
t t =
4x 3 +
4
0
9
(x + 1) (x 4), t 0 phng trnh tr thnh
Trng hp 1: x > 4, t t =
Bi: 138
Gii phng trnh: x3 +
(x2 1)3 = x 2(x2 1)

Li gii
Bi: 139

x + 1 + 1 = (x + 1)
3x + 2
Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 55
T Ton
t: a =
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
x + 1, (a 0)
Ta c:
(a2 1) (2 + a) + 1 = a2 3 (a2 1) + 2 a3 + 2a2 a 1 = a2 3a2 1

a2
3a2 1 a 1 a2 + a + 1 = 0
2
a a1=0
2a2 (a2 a 1)
2
(a a 1) = 0
2
3a 1 + a + 1
2a2 = 3a2 1 + a + 1
Bi: 140

Gii phng trnh: 3x2 + 1 + x 1 x 2 + 2 3x = x + 2
Li gii
Bi: 141
Gii phng trnh:
x2
1
=1
+
3 + 9 x2 4(3 9 x2 )
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Li gii
K: 3 < x < 3
t u = 3 + 9 x2 , v = u = 3 + 9 x2 > 0 u.v = x2
4
0
9
Phng trnh tr thnh
1
11
1
1
= 1 v = 2 3 9 x2 = x =
v+
4v
2
2
Bi: 142
Gii phng trnh:
4x+
10 3x =
1+x+
3x
7 2x
Li gii
K: 1 x 3

2

2
Pt
4 x + 10 3x = (7 2x) 1 + x + 3 x
q
14 4x + 2 (4 x)(10 3x) = (7 2x) 4 + 2 (1 + x)(3 x)

14 4x 2 (4 x)(10 3x) + 2 (7 2x) (1 + x)(3 x) = 0

2

2 q
4 x 10 3x + 2 7 2x
(1 + x)(3 x) = 0
q

2
4 x 10 3x =
7 2x
(1 + x)(3 x) = 0
Bi: 143
Gii phng trnh:
x + 4 + 4 x + 1 = x2 + 2x + 4 1 x + 5
Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 56
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
t x = 1 t
5 t + 4 2 t = 5 t2 t + 5, (0 t 2)

2 2 t 5 t2 = 2 5 t + 2 1 2 t
t1
(t 1)(t 3)
2(t 1)
t1

+
t1
=
2
2 + 5 t 1 + 2 t 1+ t
2 2t+ 5t
t=1
t3
1
2
1
(1)
=
+
2+ 5t 1+ 2t 1+ t
2 2 t + 5 t2
1
2
+
1 > 0 > V T (1) (1) v nghim
V P (1)
2+ 5 1+ 2
Bi: 144
Gii phng trnh: x2 + 3 = (2 x) 2x2 + 3 + x 1 4x

Li gii

1
m
a
r
t
o
a
2
+ 3 2 (2 x)
+ 3 + 3 2x 1 4x = 0

2
2x2 +3 = x + 1 4x
2x2 + 3 = 2 + 1 4x
(1)
Pt
2x2

Suy ra
2x2 + 3 = 2 2x
2x2
4
0
9
1 4x (2)

(1) 2x2 + 3 = 5 4x + 4 1 4x x2 + 4x 1 = 2 x + 1 4x

x + 1 4x x 1 4x = 2 x + 1 4x
1 4x = x
x = 2 5
1 4x = x 2 (V N )

(2)
2x2 + 3 + x 2 + x + 1 4x = 0
x2 + 4x 1
x2 + 4x 1
+
=0
2+3x+2
x
1 4x
2x
x2 + 4x 1 = 0
x = 2 5
2 + 2x2 + 3 = 1 4x
(x + 1)2 + 2 + 2 2x2 + 3 = 0 (V N )
Th li ta chn c nghim :x = 2 5..
Bi: 145
Gii phng trnh: 3 1 + x + 1 x = (x + 4) 1 x2

Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 57
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
K: 1 < x < 1
3
1
Pt
+
= x + 4, (1)
1x
1+x
6
2
x+4
x + 4 = V P (1)
Theo AM GM V T (1)
+
=
x2
2x 2+x
1
4
ng thc xy ra khi : x = 0.
Bi: 146
Gii phng trnh:
1+x+
1 + 3x
1 + 2x = 2 1 + 4x
Li gii
1
K: x >
4
1 + x + 1 + 3x
2
Pt
=
, (2)
1 + 4x
1 + 2x
1 + 1 + 4x
1
1
Ta c: V T (2)
=1+
1+
V P (2)
1 + 4x
1 + 4x
1 + 4x + 4x2
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Bi: 147
Gii phng trnh:
x2 + x + 1 +
x2 x + 1 =
4
0
9
4
x 4 + x2 + 1 + 4 x4 x2 + 1
Li gii
AM GM V T 2 4 x4 + x2 + 1 4 x4 + x2 + 1 + 4 x4 x2 + 1 = V P
Bi: 148
Gii phng trnh: 2 x2 + x + 1 + 3 3 x2 x + 1 = 5
Li gii
Bi: 149
Gii phng trnh:
1 + 2x +
3
1 + 3x + 4 1 + 4x = 3 (x + 1)
Li gii
1
K: x
4
1 + 2x (x + 1) + 3 1 + 3x (x + 1) + 4 1 + 4x (x + 1) = 0
x2
x2 (x + 3)
q
3
1 + 2x + (x + 1)
(1 + 3x)2 + (x + 1) 3 1 + 3x + (x + 1)2
x2 (x2 + 1 + 4x + 1)
+
=0
[ 4 1 + 4x + (x + 1)][ 1 + 4x + (x + 1)2 ]
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 58
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
x=0
1
(x + 3)
q
+
3
1 + 2x + (x + 1)
(1 + 3x)2 + (x + 1) 3 1 + 3x + (x + 1)2
(x2 + 1 + 4x + 1)
+
<0
[ 4 1 + 4x + (x + 1)][ 1 + 4x + (x + 1)2 ]
Cch 2:
V T = 1.(1 + 2x) + 3 1.1.(1 + 3x) + 4 1.1.1.(1 + 4x)

1 + 2x + 1 1 + 1 + 1 + 3x 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 4x
+
+
= 3(x + 1) = V P
2
3
4
Du "=" xy ra khi :
1 + 2x = 3 1 + 3x = 4 1 + 4x x = 0.
Bi: 150
Gii phng trnh: 2x3 + 2x2 + 1 =
1 + 2x 3 1 3x
Li gii
1
2
Ta nhn thy:
K: x
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
V T = 2x3 + x2 + x2 + 1 = x2 (2x + 1) + x2 + 1
4
0
9
V iu kin u bi th v tri lun dng

Suy ra:
1 + 2x 3 1 3x > 0 3 1 3x > 0
Ta c:
1 + 2x = (1 + 2x) .1 1+2x+1
=x+1
2
q
3
1 3x = 3 (1 3x) .1.1 13x+1+1
=1x
3
1 + 2x 3 1 3x (1 + x) (1 x) = 1 x2
Ta cn chng minh:
2x3 + 2x2 + 1 1 x2 2x3 + 3x2 0
x2 (2x + 3) 0 x2 [(2x + 1) + 2] 0, 2x + 1 0
Do :
VT VP
Du "=" xy ra
1 + 2x = 1
x=0
1 3x = 1 x = 0

GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C

Trang 59
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 151
Gii phng trnh: 2 (x2 + x + 1) =
1+x+
1 x 1 + 2x
Li gii
1
x1
2
Phng trnh cho c vit li di dng :
2(x2 + x + 1) = 2x2 + 3x + 1 + 2x2 + x + 1
K:
Ta c:
1 + 2x2 + 3x + 1 + 1 2x2 + x + 1
= 2x + 2
2
1
V T = 2(x2 + x + 1) 2x + 2 2x2 0 ng vi
x1
2
Du
"=" xy ra khi :
2x2 + 3x + 1 = 2x2 + x + 1
VP =
1(2x2 + 3x + 1) +
=0
1(2x2 + x + 1)
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Vy phng trnh cho c nghim : x = 0.

Bi: 152
Gii phng trnh:
4
0
9
1 + 2013x+ 1 2013x = (1 + 2014x) 1 2014x+(1 2014x) 1 + 2014x

Li gii
Ta c:
V T 2 = ( 1 + 2013x + 1 2013x)2 4 1 (2013x)2
x2 0 (2014x)2 (2013x)2 1 (2014x)2 1 (2013x)2

q
4 1 (2013x)2 4 1 (2014x)2
q
V T 2 4 1 (2014x)2
h
i2
V P 2 = (1 2014x) 1 + 2014x + (1 + 2014x) 1 2014x

h
V P 2 2 (1 2014x)2 (1 + 2014x) + (1 2014x)(1 + 2014x)2
t: 1 2014x = a; 1 + 2014x = b a + b = 2
V T 2 4 ab; V P 2 2(a2 b + ab2 )
Ta cn chng minh: V P 2 4 ab
2(a2 b + ab2 ) 4 ab 2ab(a + b) 4 ab

GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 60
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
4ab 4 ab ab(1 ab) 0
ab > 0 1 ab 0 ab 1
Lun ng do: 2 = a + b 2 ab ab 1
Du "=: xy ra: 1 2014x = 1 + 2014x x = 0.
Bi: 153
Gii phng trnh: 2 (x + 2)
1 x = 3x 1 +
1+x +4
Li gii
Bi: 154
Gii phng trnh:
1 + 2013x +
1 2013x =
1 + 2014x +
3
1 2014x
Li gii
Bi: 155
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Gii phng trnh:
1 + x2 +
1 x2 =
1 + 2x2 +
1 3x2
Li gii
Bi: 156
Gii phng trnh: 2 (1 + x)
1 + 2x =
4
0
9
1 + x + (1 + 2x)3
Li gii
1
K: x
2
t: a = 1 + x; b = 1 + 2x;
a, b 0
a 2a2 b + b3
=0
Khi ta c h phng trnh:
2a2 b2 = 1
a (b2 + 1)b + b3 = 0 a = b 1 + x = 1 + 2x x = 0
Vy phng trnh c nghim : x = 0.
Bi: 157
Gii phng trnh:
x3 + 7 1 =
2x 1
Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 61
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 158
Gii phng trnh: 2(x +
x3 + 1) =
15 x 4
Li gii
K: 1 x 15.
T iu kin ny ta c cc nh gi sau :
x+
x3 + 1 1 2 x +
x3 + 1 2.
Mt khc:
15 x 4 2
Du ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi x = 1.

Bi: 159
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Gii phng trnh:
q
3
1
3
x3 +
2
9
=1
Li gii
K: x
2
9
s
4
0
9
4
15 x 2 15 x 16 1 x 0 (lun ng)
2
2
1
3 1
x3 + x = 1 x x
+ (1 x) 3 x3 = 0
3
9
9
3
9x2 9x + 2
9x2 9x + 2
s
!+
s
2 = 0
2
1
1
9 x+ x
x3
3 (1 x)2 + (1 x) 3 x3 + 3
9
3
3
1
x=
3
9x2 9x + 2 = 0
2
x=
3
B
Bi: 160
Gii phng trnh:
x2 + 2 =
2x + 2
Li gii
Bi: 161
s
3
Gii phng trnh: 512x + 960x 536x + 165 =
125
600 960 512

+ 2 3.
x
x
x
Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 62
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Vit li phng trnh di dng:

s
5
5 2
.
f 4x +
=f
2
2 x

Vi f (t) = t3 + 4t; f 0 (t) > 0

Bi: 162
Gii phng trnh:
x+3
=
(x
+
2)
x+2
x3 + x
Li gii
x+3
1
1
x+3
3
=
(x
+
2)
=
x
+
x
+
= x3 + x
x
+
2
x3 + x
(x + 2) x + 2
x + 2 (x + 2) x + 2
Bi: 163
Gii phng trnh: x2 + 2 x2 + x + 1 = x + x4 + x2 + 1 + 3
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Li gii
Ta c:x4 + x2 + 1 = (x2 + x + 1)(x2 x + 1)
a = x2 + x + 1
t:
b = x2 x + 1
(8)
4
0
9
Khi phng trnh tng ng: b2 + 2a = ab + 4 (b 2)(b a + 2) = 0

Bi: 164
q
3
x2 + 1 + 3 x +
x2 + 1 = 5
Li gii
x2 + 1 x + x2 + 1 = a1 , a > 0
3
Phng trnh tr thnh: 2 a +
3a = 5
3
0
C: f (a) = 2 a +
3 a f (a) = 0 a = 1
t: a = x +
Bi: 165
6x 5 1 + x
1x
Gii phng trnh:

+
=0
1+x
2+3 1+x
Li gii
K: 1 < x 1
Phng trnh cho c bin i thnh :
s
6x 5 1 + x
2
+3+
1=3
1+x
2+3 1+x
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 63
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
2 x+1+
t: t =
L Thu
2
1 = 3 (1)
1+x
x + 1, t > 0. Lc (1) tr thnh

s
2t +
2
1=3
t2
2
1 = 3 2t
t2

2t4 6t3 + 5t2 1 = 0 (t 1)2 2t2 2t + 1 = 0
1+ 3
3
. T ta thu c x = 0; x =
.
Gii ra v th li ta thu c: t = 1; t =
2
2
Bi: 166
Gii phng trnh:
10x + 35 + 3x2 2x + 7 = 2x2 + (7 + 3 5)x

Li gii
Pt x
2x + 7
2
3x2 +
5 2x + 7 + 3x 5 = 0
x 2x + 7 = 5
1
m
a
r
t
o
a

x 2x + 7 5
2x + 7 3x = 0
5 + 65
x=
; x = 1.
4
Bi: 167
2x + 7 = 3x
4
0
9
Gii phng trnh: x 1 + 2 x + 2 + 4 x + 2 = 0
Li gii
2
x 2
7
7
1 + 2 x + 2 0
x
x
4
4
+ Vi x 0 th phng trnh v nghim
7
+ Vi x < 0 th
4
q
4
P T x + 2 = x 2 x + 2 1 x + 2 = 2x2 x + 2 x2 x + 2 =
K:
x2
2x2 1
Bnh phng hai v mt ln na ta c :

4x5 + 7x4 4x3 8x2 + x + 2 = 0 (x + 1)(x2 + x 1)(4x2 x 2) = 0
Cch 2:

q
7
P t 4 x + 2 = x 1 + 2 x + 2. k : < x < 0
4

x + 2 = x2 1 + 2 x + 2 x2 = (2x2 1) x + 2
2
x
2x2 1
1
=
x+2
= 2x
x
x
x+2
! x+2
!

2
1
1
2x x + 2 +
= 0 2x x + 2 1 +
=0
x+2 x
x x+2
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 64
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
x + 2 = 2x
...
x x + 2 = 1
1
x = 1; x =
2
Bi: 168
Gii phng trnh: 4x2 + 5 13x +
3x + 1 = 0
Li gii
1
K: x
3

t: 3x + 1 = (2y 3) y 32
Do , ta c h:
(2x 3)2 = 2y + x + 1
(2y 3) = 3x + 1
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
x=yx=
15 97
8
11 + 73
2x + 2y 5 = 0 x =
8
i chiu vi iu kin
15 97
11 + 73
;x =
8
8
Bi: 169
4
0
9
(x y) (2x + 2y 5) = 0
Gii phng trnh: 2x3 + x2 3x + 1 = (6x 2) 3x 1
K: x
1
3
Li gii

(6x 2) x 3x 1 + (2x + 1) (x2 3x + 1) = 0

2 (3x 1) (x2 3x + 1)
+ (2x + 1) (x2 3x + 1) = 0
x + 3x 1
!
2 (3x 1)
2
(x 3x + 1)
+ 2x + 1 = 0 x2 3x + 1 = 0
x + 3x 1
Bi: 170
Gii phng trnh: 2x3 + 7x2 + 5x + 4 = (6x 2) 3x 1

Li gii

3
2
h
i
P t 2 3x 1 +
3x 1 2 (x + 1)3 + (x + 1)2 = 1

f
3x 1 f (x + 1) = 1, vi : f (t) = 2t3 + t2 l hm s tng vi t 0
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 65
T Ton
Suy ra: f
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
3x 1 f (x + 1) = 1 > 0 f
L Thu
3x 1 > f (x + 1)
3x 1 > x + 1
... v nghim
Bi: 171
Gii phng trnh: x3 4x2 5x + 6 =
3
7x2 + 9x 4
Li gii
3
7x2 + 9x 4 = 0
(x 5) (x2 + x 1)
q
(x 5) (x2 + x 1) +
=0
(x + 1)2 + (x + 1) 3 7x2 + 9x 4 + 3 (7x2 + 9x 4)2

(x 5) (x2 + x 1) + x + 1
(x 5) (x2 + x 1) = 0
Bi: 172
4
0
9

Gii phng trnh: 6 (x 1) x + 1 + (x2 + 2) x 1 3 = x (x2 + 2)
Li gii
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
K: x 1
P t (x2 + 2)
2
x11
trnh v nghim.
Bi: 173
+ 6 (x 1)
2
x+11
28
Gii phng trnh: 2 27x2 + 24x +
=1+
3
+ x (x 2)2 + 4 (x 1)2 + 20 = 0. Phng
27
x+6
2
Li gii
Ta c
1+
27x
27x
+ 6 = 1.1 + 3.
+2
2
6
28
2. 4 27x2 + 24x +
s
s
27x
+3
6
27x
4
+3
6

2

27x
28
2
16 27x + 24x + 3 16
+ 3 36 27x2 + 24x +
6

2
9x
2
12
1 0x=
2
9
Bi: 174
Gii phng trnh:
2x +
28
3
(27x + 18)2
4x2 5x + 1
4
= 2
5x 1
x +5
Li gii
P T (x 2 x 1 + 4x 1)(x + 2 x 1 4x 1) = 0
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 66
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 175
s
Gii phng trnh: 3x (2x 1) (x2 x + 1) +
4
3=0
3x
Li gii
4
9
Phng trnh c bin i tng ng vi phng trnh :
K: 0 < x
1
2x 3x + 3x 1 +
3x
3
t t =
4
3x
3, t 0 T cch t ny ta c :
4
2 = 0 (1)
3x
1
t2 + 3
=
. Lc (1) tr thnh phng trnh :
3x
4
8x3 12x2 + 12x 4 + t3 3t = 0

(2x 1)3 + 3 (2x 1) + t3 + 3t = 0
h
4
0
9
(2x 1 + t) (2x 1)2 (2x 1) t + t2 + 3 = 0 (2)

t
Khi : (2x 1) (2x 1) t + t + 3 = 2x 1
2
Do t (2) ta c :
2
2
3t2
+3>0
4
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
s
4
4
3 = 1 2x
3 = (1 2x)2
3x
3x
3x3 3x2 + 3x = 1 (1 x)3 = 2x3 1 x = 3 2x
1
x=
=1 32+ 34
3
2+1
i chiu iu kin ta c nghim ca phng trnh l :x = 1 3 2 + 3 4

t = 1 2x
Bi: 176
Gii phng trnh: x2 8x + 5 = 4 4x2 5x + 1
K:
4x2
Li gii
5x + 1 0
1
5
Khi phng trnh tng ng
6=
5x 1
4
=
2
x +5
(5x 1)(2x 4x2 5x + 1)
1
4
= 2
x +5
2x 4x2 5x + 1
x2 + 5 = 8x 4 4x2 5x + 1
x2 8x + 5 = 4 4x2 5x + 1
x4 16x3 + 10x2 + 9 = 0
(x2 8x + 9)2 = 72(x 1)2
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 67
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 177
s
x3 2x
1x
+ 2x + 1 = (1 + x2 )
Gii phng trnh:
x+1
1+x
Li gii
1
K: x 1
2
Thc hin quy ng, bin i v nhn lin hp ta c: x3 + 2x( 1 x2 1) = (x + 1)[(x +
1) 1 x2 2x + 1]
2x3
x3 (x + 1)(x + 2)
x3
=
1 x2 + 1
(x + 1) 1 x2 + 2x + 1
+ TH1: Phng trnh c nghim x = 0
2
(x + 1)(x + 2)
=
v nghim.
+ TH2: Ta chng minh phng trnh 1 +
2
(x + 1) 1 x + 2x + 1
1 x2 + 1
Tht vy, s dng AM-GM cho nh gi
4
0
9
(x + 1)(x + 2)
(x + 1)(x + 2)
x+2
=
2
(x + 1) + (x + 1)
2
(x + 1) 1 x + 2x + 1
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
1
Vi x 1 ta tip tc chng minh c BT sau
2
x+2
2
2 + 1) + 4 1 x2 > 0 ()
1+
x(
1
x
>
2
1 x2 + 1
1
. Nu < x 1 th (*) ng
2
3
2
21
7.
1
1
1
7
1
+
1
x
1
x
2
. Nu x Th V T () 4 1 x2
=
> 0 suy ra
2
2
2
2
2
(*) cng ng.Do , trng hp ny v nghim.
Bi: 178
Gii phng trnh: x4 + 3x2 + 2 (x 2) 2x + 5 = 2x3 6x 5 + (x + 1) 4x + 2

Li gii
s

2
13x 1
1
1
2
P t (x2 x) +
+ + x2
2x + 5 + x + 1 x +
2
4
2
2

3
(x 2) x 2x + 5 + (x + 1) 3x + 3 4x + 2 + 4 = 0, (2)
T H1 : x > 0 V T (1) > 0 (1) v nghim
1
T H2 : x 0 3x + 3 > 4x + 2 V T (2) > 0 (2)
2
Vy phng trnh v nghim.
!2
= 0, (1)
v nghim
Bi: 179
s
Gii phng trnh:
2x2 + 2
1
x x = 1x
3
3
Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 68
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
1
x1
3
s
s
2x2 + 2
1
PT 1 x + x x =
3
3s
s
s

1 CS
1
2(x2 + 1)
2
VT = 1x+x x
=VP
(x + 1) 1 x + x
=
3
3
3
ng thcs
xy ra khi
1
x
1
1
3
1x=
x2 (1 x) = x x3 x2 + x =
x
3
3
1
3
3
3x3 3x2 + 3x 1 = 0 (x 1)3 = 2x3 x 1 = 3 2x x = (1 2 + 4
3
Cch 2:s
s
2 (x2 + 1)
1
= x x + 1 x()
PT
3s
3
2
M V P () (x2 + 1) .
3
ng thc xy
ra khi v ch khi
s
1
x 1 x = x 3x3 3x2 + 3x 1 = 0
3
1
3
.
(x 1) = 2x3 x 1 = 3 2.x x =
1+ 32
K:
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Bi: 180
Gii phng trnh: x3 + 8 = (3x2 + 4)
4
0
9
x+2
Li gii
t:
x + 2 = y trn tng ng vi h sau:
x3
+ 8 = (3x2 + 4)y
y3 = x + 2
x3
+ 8 = (3x2 + 4)y
4y 3 = 4x + 8
Cng tng v h trn ta c:
x3 + 4y 3 = (3x2 + 4)y + 4x x3 + 4y 3 3x2 y 4(x + y) = 0 (x + y)(x 2y)2 4(x + y) = 0

(x + y)(x 2y 2)(x 2y + 2) = 0
+ Vi x = y thay vo phng trnh (2) ca h ta c
x3 + x + 2 = 0 (x + 1)(x2 x + 2) = 0 x = 1
+ Vi x = 2y 2 y =
x+2
2
Vi x = 2y + 2 y =
x2
2
thay vo phng trnh (2) ca h ta c

x+2
2
3
= x + 2 x = 2 x = 2 2 2
thay vo phng trnh (2) ca h ta c

GV: V Vn Nhn
x2
2
3
=x+2x=6
n thi H-C
Trang 69
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 181
Gii phng trnh:
1
+ 2x 1 + 4 4x 3 = x + 2
x
Li gii
3
K:x
4
1
x2 + (2x 1)
2x 1 + 4 4x 3 = x + 2 =
2 2x 1 4 4x 3 2x 1
x
x
s
(4x 3) + 1
2x 1 =
4 4x 3
2
Do P T 2x 1 = 4 4x 3 x = 1
Bi: 182
2
x + x2 + 1
+ 2
=0
Gii phng trnh:
x4
4x + 1
Li gii
x + x2 + 1
2
+ 2
=0
x4
4x + 1

4x3 + x + 4x2 + 1 x2 + 1 + 2x 8 = 0

4x3 + 3x 8 + 4x2 + 1 x2 + 1 = 0

2

2
V 4x2 + 1 x2 + 1 8 = 4x3 + 3x

16 4x2 + 1 x2 + 1 = 65
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
4
0
9
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
Ti y th n gin nh. Vi php t t = x2 gim bc cho gn
Cch 2:
2
1
8
2 + 1)2
(x
+
x
=
0
x
+
x2 + 1 = 2
4x2 + 1
(x 4)(x x2 + 1)
x + x2 + 1
Bi: 183
Gii phng trnh: 3x2 + (x + 6)
x2 x + 3 1
x2 x + 3 + 6 = 4x
Li gii

2
3x2 4x + 6
+ 1 = 3 x2 x + 3 3 x2 x + 3 + 1
x+6
2
3 (x2 x + 3) + 3
= 3 x2 x + 3 3 x2 x + 3 + 1
x+6

3
3 (a + 1) = (x + 6) (a2 a + 1) , vi : a = 3 x2 x + 3
Pt
3 (a + 1) = x + 6 3a = x + 3
27 (x2 x + 3) = x3 + 9x2 + 27x + 27
!3
x
3
x
(x 3) =
x3=
3
3
2
2
3
3 2
x=
3
21
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 70
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 184
Gii phng trnh: x4 + x 3 3x5 + 5x4 4x3 5x2 + 3x + 1 = x2

Li gii
Nhn thy x = 0 khng phi l nghim ca phng trnh
Xt x 6= 0 chia hai v ca phng trnh cho x2 v t t = x
t2 + 1 +
3t2 + 5t + 2 = 0 t2 +
3
1
ta c
x
3t2 + 5t + 3
=0
2
3t2 + 5t + 2 3 3t2 + 5t + 2 + 1
Phng trnh v nghim.
Bi: 185
3
Gii phng trnh: 2x =
1 + 2x 3 1 + 2x 2x
x2 + 3 3 (2x + 1)2
Li gii
t: y =
3
1 + 2x
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
4
0
9
Phng trnh tr thnh
2x3 = y (3y 2x) x2 + 3y 2 , (1)

x
1
. Nu y < 0 x < 0 t = > 0
2
y
3
Chia hai v ca phng trnh cho y ta c: 2t3 = (2t 3) t3 + 3, (2)
3
Do t > 0 V T (2) > 0 V P (2) > 0 t >
2
Khi

(2t 3)2 + (t2 + 3)
3
3
2
V P (2)
< 2t t (4t 5) + 12 (t 1) > 0, ng : t >
Suy ra (2) v
2
2
nghim.
. Nu y > 0 th (1) tr thnh:

2t3 = (3 2t) t2 + 3 2t3 + 4t 6 + (2t 3) t2 + 3 2 = 0

(2t 3) (t2 1)
2 (t 1) (t2 + t + 3) + 2
=0
t +3+2
t=1
t2 + 3 + 6t2 + 3t + 9 = 0 (V T > 0)
1+ 5
3
Suy ra x = y, (y > 0) hay x = 1 + 2x, (x > 0) x =
2
2 (t2 + t + 3)
Bi: 186

Gii phng trnh: 1 + 1 +
4
2 4 x + 2 = 4 x + 3 + 4 2x + 3
Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 71
T Ton
K: x
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
3
2
P t 1 + 4 x + 2 + 4 2x + 4 = 4 x + 3 + 4 2x + 3, (1)
4
4
x
+
2
x+3
1
+
Ta lun c:
V T (1) > V P (1) (1) : V N
2x + 4 >
4
2x + 3
Bi: 187
2x x 1
2x
Gii phng trnh:

= 2
2x + x 1
4x + 1 + 16x4 + 4x2 + 1
Li gii
2x x 1
2x
= 2
(14)
2x + x 1
4x + 1 + 16x4 + 4x2 + 1
( x 1) (2 x + 1)
2x

= 2 q
(15)
8x +2
2 2x + 1) (4x2 + 2x + 1)
( x + 1) (2 x 1)
+
(4x
2
4x
(2x 1) x
(4x2 + 2x + 1) (4x2 2x + 1)
=
2 =
2
(2x 1) + x
4x2 2x + 1 + 4x2 + 2x + 1
4x2 2x + 1 + 4x2 + 2x + 1
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
4
0
9
(16)
(4x2 + 2x + 1) (4x2 2x + 1)
(2x 1) x

=
(2x 1) + x
4x2 2x + 1 + 4x2 + 2x + 1
q
(2x 1) (4x2 2x + 1) + (2x 1) (4x2 + 2x + 1)
= (2x 1) (4x2 + 2x + 1) (2x 1) (4x2 2x + 1) +
B
q
(2x 1) (4x2 2x + 1) =
(17)
q 2
q
x (4x 2x + 1) x (4x2 + 2x + 1)
(18)
q 2
q
x (4x + 2x + 1) x (4x2 2x + 1)
(19)
q 2
x (4x + 2x + 1)
(20)
Ti y bnh phng hai v ln ri gii.
2x 1
Chia c t ln mu ca VT cho x v VP cho x v t t = .
x
4
2
2
2
(ch :16x + 4x + 1 = [(2x 1) + 2x][(2x 1) + 6x]) ta c
t1
2
t1
4
q
= 2
t+1
t+1
( t + 2 + t2 + 6)2
t2 + 4 + (t2 + 2)(t2 + 6)
t2 + 6 t2 + 2
t1
=2
t2 + 6 = t t2 + 2 t = 2.
2
t+1
t +6+ t +2
Cch 2:
Bi: 188

Gii phng trnh: x3 + x2 + x 1 +
x4 + x2 + 1 = (x + 1)
x2 + x + 1 +
x2 x + 1
Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 72
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
( x2 + x + 1 + x2 x + 1)(x x2 + x + 1 x 1) = 0
x x2 + x + 1 x 1 = 0
x2 + x + 1 =
4
x+1
x
iu kin c nghim
x>0
< 1
x + x 2x 1 = 0
2
1
1
4 + 3 1=0
x
x
x
1
1
1 2
1
( 2 + ) ( 2 + )1=0
x
x
x
x
1
5+1
1
1
1
1
( 2 + )=
(V
+
2
x
x
2
x
x
4
vi
51+ 6 51
x+1
x=
V (
> 0)
4
x
Vy phng trnh c duy nht nghim x =
x>0
51+
< 1
6 51
Bi: 189
Gii phng trnh:
3
x+1+1
x3 + 2
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Li gii
K: x 1
4
0
9
Bnh phng hai v ta c:
( x + 1 + 1)6 x3 2 = 0 (6x2 + 32x + 32) x + 1 + (3x + 15)(x + 1) + 15(x + 1)2 = 0
x + 1[(6x2 + 32x + 32) + (3x + 15) x + 1 + 15(x + 1) x + 1] = 0 x + 1 = 0 x = 1

Cch 2:
t t =
(t + 1)3 =
x + 1, t 0 x = t2 1
q
(t2 1)3 + 2 (t + 1)6 (t2 1) = 2 (t + 1)3 (6t2 + 2) = 2
Vi t 0 th (t + 1)3 (6t2 + 2) 2. Suy ra t = 0 x = 1.
Bi: 190
r

Gii phng trnh: 2 x + 1 + 1 2x 1 = 2 1 + 1 9x2
Li gii

1 1
K: x ;
ta c 2 x + 1 1 1 + 2x. Khi
r 3 3
r
r

2
2
P T 2 1 + 1 9x 1 + 2x + 1 2x 2 1 + 1 9x 2 1 + 1 4x2

x2 0
Vy x = 0 l nghim duy nht.
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 73
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 191

x4 + x2 + 3
x2 + 1 = 2 x4 + x2 + 3
Li gii
. Vi 0 th phng trnh v nghim
. Vi x > 0 ta c P T x4 + x2 x4 + x2 + 3 = 2 x4 + x2 + 3 2 x4 + x2
t: u = x4 + x2 > 0 Phng trnh tr thnh
(2 u)(u2 1)
(2 u) u2 + 3 = 2u (2 u)( u2 + 3 2) 4(u 1) = 0 2
4(u 1) = 0
u +3+2
(2 u)(u + 1)
4 < 0)
u = 1 V
u2 + 3 + 2
s
51
Vi u = 1 x4 + x2 = 1 x4 + x2 1 = 0 x =
.
2
Bi: 192
Gii phng trnh: (x + 1) (x 7) (x 11) = 24 + 16 3 3x2
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Li gii
K: 1 x 1.. D thy x = 1 khng l nghimsca phng

! trnh.
24
1x
(x 7)(x 11) + 8(x 5)
= 8 x 5 + 2 3.
x+1
1+x
x3 9x2 + 27x + 13
8(x3 9x2 + 27x + 13)
s
=
x+1
1x
x 5 2 3.
1+x
4
0
9
x3 9x2 + 27x + 13 = 0 ()
1x
1+x
3
Mt khc, PT(*) tng ng vi (3 x) = 40 x = 3 3 40.
Vi 1 x 1. ta c x + 1 > 0 > x 5 2 3.
Bi: 193
Gii phng trnh:
x+
x2 + 1

x4 + x2 + 4 +
x4 + 1 = x2 + 3
Li gii
K:x 0
P t x + x2 + 1 = x4 + x2 + 4 x4 + 1
x + x2 + 1 + x4 + 1 = x4 + x2 + 4, (1)
q

2
x2 + 1 + x4 + 1 = x4 + x2 + 2 + 2 (x2 + 1) (x4 + 1) x4 + x2 + 4
x2 + 1 + x4 + 1 x4 + x2 + 4
V T (1) x + x4 + x2 + 4 V P (1) V T (1) = V P (1) x = 0

Vy Pt c nghim : x = 0.
GV: V Vn Nhn

n thi H-C
Trang 74
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 194
x3 x
2
Gii phng trnh:
!3
= 2x +
x3 + 3x
2
Li gii
x3 x)3 + 4(x3 x) = (4x3 + 12x) + 4 3 4x3 + 12x

(x3 x)3 = 4x3 + 12x
x [x2 (x2 1)3 4x2 12] = 0
x=0
x2 (x2 1)3 4x2 12 = 0 x2 = 3
Kt qu x = 0, x = 3.
Bi: 195
Gii phng trnh:
32 3x2 + 2 3 x3 32 = x
Li gii
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Phng
trnh tng ng vi h sau:
x3
+ (y)3 = 32
4x2
4
0
9
+ 4x(y) + 4(y)2 = 32
Bi: 196
Gii phng trnh: x2 +
1
x4 + x = 24x4
2
Li gii
. Nu x 1 th V T < V P
1
. Nu x th
2
1
2
x + 3x2 12x4
2
x4 + x 16x8 + 128x8 12x4

Suy ra V T V P (1)
1
. Nu 0 x th
2
1
2
x + 3x2 12x4
2
x + x 12x4
Suy ra V T V P
(2)
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 75
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 197
Gii phng trnh:
x1+
x + 26 = 3 +
x1
(1 2x) (x + 25)
Li gii
K: x 1
P T x 1 + ( 3 x + 26 3)
x1
=0
(1 2x)(x + 25)
x1
x1
=0
x1+ q
3
3
(x + 26)2 + 3 x + 26 + 9 (1 2x)(x + 25)
x1
x1
x 1[1 + q
]=0
+
3
3
(x + 26)2 + 3 x + 26 + 9 (2x 1)(x + 25)
x 1 = 0 x = 1.
Cch 2:
Ta c V T 3 V P nn V T = V P x = 1
Bi: 198
Gii phng trnh: x + 4 = 2 x + 1 + x x2 x + 3
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
2
Li gii
K: x 1

PT x x
x2 x 3 = 2
x=3
x + 1 3 (x 3)
x+
4
0
9
x
2
= (x 3)
x+1+2
x+3
x2
x
2
=0
2
x+1+2
x+ x x+3
x
2
Xt hm s:f (x) =
hm s ng bin v f (3) = 0 nn phng trnh

2
x+1+2
x+ x x+3
c nghim duy nht x = 3.
Bi: 199
Gii phng trnh:
2013x 1
2x +
2 x2
s
3
2013x 1
2014
= x + 2013 3 x + 1.
2
2x
Li gii
2013x 1
t: y =
2 x2
Phng trnh tr thnh

2x + y x + 2013 + 3 x + 1 3 2014 y = 0
x + y 2013 x + y 2013
+ 2
= 0 x + y 2013 = 0
A+B
a + ab + b2

2013x 1
2 + 2013 x
2 1 = 0
Suy ra x +
2013
=
0
x
2
x
2
x
2 x2
t2
t t = x 2 x2 x 2 x2 = 1 khi ta c
2
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 76
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
t2 + 2013t = 0
t=0
t = 4026
x=
L Thu
x2
x 4026 =
2 x2
=1
VN
Bi: 200
Gii phng trnh: 2x2 + 4x + 3 = 3x x + 1 + (x + 1) 3x + 2

Li gii

2
2
P t x + 1 3x + 2 + 3 x x + 1 = 0
x0
x + 1 = 3x + 2
x=
x2
x+1
1+ 5
x=
2
x1=0
Bi: 201
2x + 1
7x + 3
1
Gii phng trnh:
+
=
2
2x 3x
3x 2
3x 1
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Li gii
2x + 1
7x + 3
1
+
=
2x 3x2
3x 2
3x
1
7x + 3
2
1
1
+
+
=
2 3x x (2 3x) 3x 2
3x 1

7x + 3
1
1
1
=0
2+
+
2 3x
x
3x 2
3x 1
1
2 3x
2 + 7x + 3 =
x
3x 1
1
1
2 + 7x + 3 =
3x 1
x
3x 1
1
1

+ 2 + 3x 1 7x + 3 = 0
x
3x 1
3x 1 x 3 + 3x + 4 3x 1 7x 3
+
=0
x 3x 1 2 + 3x 1 + 7x + 3

3x 1 x
4 3x 1 4x
+
=0
x 3x 1 " 2 + 3x 1 + 7x + 3
#

1
4
3x 1 x
+
=0
x 3x 1 2 + 3x 1 + 7x + 3
4
0
9
Bi: 202
3x
1 1 x3
Gii phng trnh:

=
1 x3
x + 1 x3
Li gii
K: x < 1, x +
1 x3 6= 0
. Nhn thy x = 0 l mt nghim ca phng trnh.

GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 77
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
. Vi x 6= 0 ta t a =
L Thu
1 x3
1
, b = ta c h phng trnh
x
x
ba
=
a
1+a
a2 b + 1
= b3
a2
+ 3a + 3 = ab
a2 b + 1
= b3
(1)
(2)
Ly a.P T (1) + P T (2) ta c

(a + 1)3 = b3 a + 1 = b
1
3
Thay vo phng trnh (1) ta c: a2 + 3a + 3 = a(a + 1) a = b =
2
2
T tm thm c 1 nghim x = 2..
Bi: 203
Gii phng trnh: x4 + 7x2 + 5 = x3 + 4x
x+3+
x2 x + 1
Li gii
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
P t (x2 1) + 2x
Bi: 204
2
2
x + 3 + 2x x2 x + 1 = 0
4
0
9
x2 1 = 0
2x = x + 3
2x = x2 x + 1
(V N )
Gii phng trnh: x2 + 2x 5 = (2x + 1) x 1
Li gii
t iu kin , bnh phng 2 v ca pt ta c :

!2

11 2
17
4
2
2
x 6x 17x + 26 = 0 x +
=
17x +
2
2
Bi: 205
Gii phng trnh: x2 + 20x = 93 2x x2 + 7

Li gii

2
x2 +20x = 932x x2 + 7 x2 +2x x2 + 7+x2 +7 = x2 20x+100 x + x2 + 7 = (x 10)2

Bi: 206
Gii phng trnh: x2 4x + 1 = (x + 1) 2x 1

Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 78
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 207
q
Gii phng trnh: x2 + 11x + 12 = 2 (2x + 3)3

Li gii
3
2
Bnh phng 2 v ca phng trnh ta c :
K: x
x4 10x3 + x2 + 48x + 36 = 0 x2 5x
15
2
2
= 3x +
9
2
2
Bi: 208
s
Gii phng trnh:
x+
3
x2 + 7
=
x
2(x + 1)
Li gii
s
4
0
9
3
1
3
3
4
P t 2 (x + 1) x + = (x2 + 3) + 4 2 1 +
x+ = x+
+
x
x
x
x
x
s
s
s
!2
!
!
s

3
1
3
3
3
1
2
x+ 4 1+
=
x+
4
x+ 2
x+
=0
2 1+
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
q
3
x+ x
x+
3
x
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
=2
2
x
Bi: 209
x = 1
x=3
Gii phng trnh: x2 + x x2 + 3x + 2 = 3x + 2
K:
Li gii
x 1
x 2
t: x2 + 3x + 2 = t; t 0 3x + 2 = t2 x2
Phng trnh tr thnh

2
3
x2 + xt = t2 x2
3
33
x2 + 3x + 2 = 2x x =
6
2
3 33
Kt hp vi iu kin ta c nghim x = ; x =
.
3
6
x2 + 3x + 2 = x x =
Bi: 210
Gii phng trnh: 15x2 + (3x2 6x + 2)
x2 3x + 1 = 3x3 + 5x
Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 79
T Ton
t: t =
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
x2 3x + 1 (t 0) t2 = x2 3x + 1
Th vo pt ta c :
15x2 + (x2 + 2t2 ) t = 3x3 + 5x ()
M 1 = t2 + 3x x2 nn phng trnh (*) tr thnh
15x2 + x2 t + 2t3 = 3x3 + 5x (t2 + 3x x2 ) 2x3 + 5xt2 = x2 t + 2t3 (x + 2t) (x t) (2x t) = 0
Bi: 211
Gii phng trnh:
5x3
3x2
x2
1
+ 3x.
+ 3x 2 + =
2
2
Li gii
2
q5
P T 2 (5x 2)(x2 + x + 1) = (x2 + x + 1) + (5x 2) 5x 2 = x2 + x + 1 x = 1, 3
K: x
Bi: 212
Gii phng trnh: x3 =
x + 78 + 18.
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Li gii
4
0
9
P T x3 18 = x + 78 x 3 18
1
0
Xt f(x) = x3 x + 78 18 ta c f(x)
= 3x2
> 0 x 3 18
2 x + 78
Suy ra hm s ng bin trn tp xc nh v f (3) = 0 nn phng trnh c nghim duy nht x = 3.

Bi: 213
3
7x2 + 9x 4.
Li gii
P T x3 + 3x2 + 4x + 2 = 7x2 + 9x 4 + 3 7x2 + 9x 4
(x + 1)3 + (x + 1) = 7x2 + 9x 4 + 3 7x2 + 9x 4
Xt hm s f (t) = t3 + t l hm s ng bin m f (x + 1) = f

3
7x2 + 9x 4 nn phng trnh
tng ng vi
x+1=
3
7x2 + 9x 4 (x + 1)3 = 7x2 + 9x 4
x=5
51
x=
2
51
x=
2
Bi: 214
Gii phng trnh: 5( 4x + 1 3x 2) = x + 3.

Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 80
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
2
3
5
5(x + 3)
=x+3
=1
4x + 1 + 3x 2
4x + 1 + 3x 2
Do v tri n iu gim nn phng trnh ny c em nghim duy nht l x = 2.
K: x
Bi: 215
s
Gii phng trnh:
5 2+7
+ 4x = 3 2 9
x+3
Li gii
5 2+7
5 2+7
3
2
+
+ 4t 3 5 2 + 7 = 3 2 + 3 (t = x + 3 > 0)
p dng AM - MG ta c:
2t
2t
q
q
5 2+7
2
3
Vy V T V P hay phng trnh tng ng vi:
= 4t 8t = 5 2 + 7
2t
q
Bi: 216

Gii phng trnh: x3 3x + 4x2 2 3x + 2 1 + x2 = 0
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Li gii
4
0
9
1
3
V T x 3x + 3 x
+ x2 + 1 x2 + 1 V T x3 3x + (x2 + 1) x2 + 1
3
Xt hm s: f (x) = x3 3x + (x2 + 1) x2 + 1

1
c f 0 (x) = 3 x2 x + x x2 + 1 , f 0 (x) = 0 x =
3
!
1
Lp bng bin thin ca hm s f(x), Da vo bng bin thin M inf (x) = f
= 0 hay
3
f (x) 0 = V P V T V P
!2
1
1
= 0 x = l nghim duy nht ca phng trnh.
Du = xy ra x
3
3
Bi: 217
Gii phng trnh:
2x3 + 4x2 + 4x
16x3 + 12x2 + 6x 3 = 4x4 + 2x3 2x 1

Li gii
K: x > 0
t: a = 2x3 1, b = 2x + 1, (b > 1)
Phng trnh tr thnh

a + b2 b = 3 4a + b3 b + ab
a
4a
=
+ ab
2
2
3
a+b +b
4a + b3 + b 3 4a + b3 + b2
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 81
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
a=0
1
4
=
+ b (V T < 1 < V P )

2
3
a + b2 + b
4a + b3 + b 3 4a + b3 + b2
1
Vy: x =
3
2
Bi: 218
3x
2
x3 + 8
x+1
=
+ 3
+2
Gii phng trnh:
3
2
x+1
x +8
Li gii
K: x > 2, x 6= 1
Phng trnh cho tng ng
3x
x+1
2x
x3 + 8
+ 3
=
+
3
2
x+1
x +8
x3 + 8
x+1
t:
= u,
= v Phng trnh cho thnh
3
2

x
x
x
u + = v + (u v) 1
=0
u
v
uv
5 + 393
. u=v x=1x=
8
3
. uv = x (x + 1) x + 8 = 6x
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
4
0
9
Phng trnh ny c my em nghim p nn khng ngi bnh phng, ch thm cht iu kin
bnh phng l 2 < x < 1 hoc x > 0. Bnh phng tung te ln ta c
x5 + 2x4 + x3 28x2 + 16x + 8 = 0 (x 1)(x 2)(x3 + 5x2 + 14x + 14) = 0

V x3 + 5x2 + 14x + 14 l n iu tng nn vi 2 < x < 1 hoc x > 0 n khng th bng 0 c.
5 + 393
Vy c nghim :x = 1, 2,
8
Bi: 219
Gii phng trnh:
1
1
1
+
= .
x1 x+1
2 x
Li gii
K: x 0, x 6= 1
2x
1
PT 2
= 4x x = x2 1 ()
x 1
2 x
t: x, t 0, phng trnh (*) tr thnh

t4 4t3 1 = 0 t4 + 4t2 + 1 4t3 + 4t 2t2 2t2 4t 2 = 0

2

2
(t2 2t 1) 2t + 2 = 0 t2 2 + 2 t1 2 = 0
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
t2 +
2 2 t+ 21 = 0
Trang 82
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 220
Gii phng trnh:
x+6+
x 1 = x2 1.
Li gii
K:t 1
x2
x2
= (x 2) (x + 2)
+
3
3
x
1
+
1
x+6 +2 x+6+4
1
1
x=3
+
= x + 2 ()
2
3
3
( x+6) +2 x+6+4
x1+1
Vi x 1 V T () < 1 v V P > 1 nn suy ra phng trnh (*) v nghim.
2
Bi: 221
Gii phng trnh: 2x2 + x (x 3) x3 + x2 6x + 4 + 3 = 5x

Li gii
4
0
9
x(x 3) x3 + x2 6x + 4 = 2x2 + 5x 3 x(x 3) (x 1)(x2 + 2x 4) = (x 1)(2x + 3)
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Nhn thy x = 1 l mt nghim v vit li phng trnh
x(x 3) x2 + 2x 4 = x 1(2x + 3)
t t = x 1 th lc ny phng trnh a v dng
t6 + 2t5 12t4 10t3 + 27t2 + 11t 4 = 0 (t + 4)(t2 t 1)(t3 t2 4t + 1) = 0

Cch 2:
x2 + 2x 4 + (2x 3) x 1
(x2 3x + 1) x2 + 2x 4 + (2x 3) x 1 x2 + 2x 4 = 0
Lin hp biu thc (2x 3) x 1 x2 + 2x 4. Nn phng trnh c nhn t chung x2 3x + 1
(x2 3x)
Phng trnh cn li d dng chng minh v nghim.
Cch 3:

h
i
Pt
x3 + x2 6x + 4 x 1
x3 + x2 6x + 4 + (x 1)2 = 0
Bi: 222
Gii phng trnh: 2 (x2 2x + 2) = (x 2) x + 1 + x 2x2 5x + 3

Li gii
x + 1
K:
2x2
5x + 3 0
Khi phng trnh c vit li di dng :
(x 2)(x 2 x + 1) = x( 2x2 5x + 3 x)
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 83
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
(x 2)2 (x + 1)
2x2 5x + 3 x2
(x 2).
= x.
x2+ x+1
2x2 5x + 3 + x
2
2
(x 2)(x 5x + 3)
x(x 5x + 3)
= 2
x2+ x+1
2x 5x + 3
+x
5 13
2
.Trng hp 1: x 5x + 3 = 0 x = 2
.Trng hp 2:
x2
x
= 2
x2+
x+1
2x 5x + 3 + x
2
(x 2) 2x 5x + 3 + x(x 2) = x(x 2) + x x + 1
(x 2)2 (2x2 5x + 3) = x2 (x + 1) (x2 5x + 3)(x2 2x + 2) = 0
13
5
+
13
x2 5x + 3 = 0 x =
x=
2
2
Cch 2:
4
0
9
p dng bt Bunhiacopxki cho VP ta c :

2
h
i
(x 2) x + 1 + x 2x2 5x + 3 (x 2)2 + x2 (2x2 5x + 3 + x + 1)

2
(x 2) x + 1 + x 2x2 5x + 3
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
VP VT
x2
x
Du = xy ra
= 2
x+1
2x 5x + 3
2
(x 2) 2x 5x + 3 = x2 (x + 1)
2
(x 2) (2x 5x + 3) = x (x + 1)
(x2 5x + 3) (x2 2x + 2) = 0
Bi: 223
Gii phng trnh: 2x2 + 4x + x (x + 2)3 + 1 = 0
Li gii
K: x 2
t: x + 2 = b > 0 ta c h
2xb2
b2
+ xb3 + 1 = 0
2=x
Th x ln (1) ta c
b5 + 2b4 2b3 4b2 + 1 = 0
(b + 1)(b4 + b3 3b2 b + 1) = 0
1
1
b2 + b 3 + 2 = 0 ()
b b
1
t b = u ta gii ra c
b
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 84
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
b=
5+
2(11 +
L Thu
5)
4
q
5 + 2(11 + 5)
b=
4
T y gii ra q
q
1 + 5 2(19 + 7 5)
1 5 + 2(19 + 7 5)
x=
x=
4
4
()
1 +
Bi: 224
Gii phng trnh: 7x2 10x + 14 = 5 x4 + 4

Li gii
Bnh phng 2 v ta c :
24x4 140x3 + 296x2 280x + 96 = 0
280 96
24x2 140x
+ 2 + 296 = 0 ()
x
x
2
2
2
t: t = x + x t = x + x42 + 4 khi
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
() 24 (t 4) 140t + 296 = 0 24t 140t + 200 = 0

Bi: 225
Gii phng trnh: x (2x2 2x 1) = (x3 3x 1) x2 + 3x + 1
4
0
9
Li gii
x4 + 3x3 8x2 6x 1 = (x3 3x 1) x2 + 3x + 1 (x4 3x3 + 6x2 + 5x + 1)

(x3 3x 1)2 .(x2 + 3x + 1) (x4 3x3 + 6x2 + 5x + 1)2
x4 + 3x3 8x2 6x 1 =
(x3 3x 1) x2 + 3x + 1 x4 3x3 + 6x2 + 5x + 1
x(x2 + 3x + 1)(x4 + 3x3 8x2 6x 1)
x4 + 3x3 8x2 6x 1 = 3
(x 3x 1) x2 + 3x + 1 x4 3x3 + 6x2 + 5x + 1
x4 + 3x3 8x2 6x 1 = 0
5
(x2 + 23 .x + 12 )2 = .(3x + 1)2
4
Cch 2:

1
Pt
x2 + 3x + 1 + x2
x2 + 3x + 1 3
=0
x
x2 + 3x + 1
x2 + 3x + 1
x2 + 3x + 1 = 3x+1
1=0
x
x2
x
Bi: 226
s
Gii phng trnh: x2 + 5 =
18
20x + 25.
x
Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 85
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 227
Gii phng trnh: x3 2 +
s
1
3+
x
2
x = 8x2 + 6x + 1
Li gii
K:
(3 + x1 )2
x0
6= 0

q
2x3 + x2 (3x + 1)2 x3 = 8x2 + 6x + 1

4
x + 3x 8x 6x 1 = x . (x + x) (3x +
x4 + 3x3 8x2 6x 1
q
x4 + 3x3 8x2 6x 1 = x2 .
x2 + x + (3x + 1)2 x3
3
5
x4 + 3x3 8x2 6x 1 = 0 (x2 + x + 12 )2 = .(3x + 1)2
2
4
Cch 2:
s
r
!

2

2
1
1
Pt
3+
3+ x xx1 =0
x+1
x

1 2
1
3+
3+
x
x 1 = 0, (1 x 6= 0)
...
2
x
x
2
1)2
x3
Bi: 228
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Gii phng trnh: x (x2 + 1)
4
0
9
x + 3 = (4x 2) 3x 1
Li gii
Bi: 229
1
1
3
Gii phng trnh:

+ 3
=
3x 4
2x 3 x
x + 3x2 + 9x 12
Li gii
Bi: 230
Gii phng trnh: (x3 + x)
x2 + 1 =
8x2 + 6x 1 3 9x2 + 6x
Li gii
Bi: 231
q
Gii phng trnh: (1 x) (1 + x)2 + 2x 2x + 1 + 2 1 + 2 2x + 1 = 0
Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 86
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 232

1
x
= 13 +
3
2x3 + 3x2 1
Li gii

PT
2x2 3x + 1 + 3x2 x 2x2 3x + 1 + 1 3x = 0
x 2x2 3x + 1 + 1 3x
2x2 3x + 1
2x2 3x + 1 2x2 3x + 1
+
2=0
x
x2
Bi: 233

Gii phng trnh: 3x2 +
1
x
2x2 3x + 1 = 7x2 1
Li gii

1
=0
Pt
+ 3x + 1 + x
+ 3x + 1 3
x
x2 + 3x + 1
x2 + 3x + 1
x2 + 3x + 1 = 3x+1
1=0
x
x2
x
s
s

1 2
1 2
Pt 3 +
x + 1 3 +
x x 1 = 0
x
x

1 2
1
3+
3+
x
x 1 = 0, (1 x 6= 0)
...
x2
x
2
x2
x2
Bi: 234
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Gii phng trnh: x3 + 3 =
4
0
9
6x3 + 24x2 + 28x + 6.

Li gii
P T 2x3 + 6 = 2 3 6x3 + 24x2 + 28x + 6
(2x + 2)3 + 2 (2x + 2) = (6x3 + 24x2 + 28x + 6) + 2 3 6x3 + 24x2 + 28x + 6

Xt hm s f (t) = t3 + 2t l hm s ng bin

M f (2x + 2) = f 3 6x3 + 24x2 + 28x + 6 2x + 2 = 3 6x3 + 24x2 + 28x + 6 2x3 4x + 2 = 0

Bi: 235
Gii phng trnh:
x2 + 9x 1 + x 11 3x = 2x + 3
Li gii
t: a =
x2 + 9x 1; b = 11 3x; a; b 0 ta c
a + xb = 2x + 3 a = 2x + 3 xb x2 + 9x = a2 + 1 = (2x + 3 xb)2 + 1(1).

Mt khc
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 87
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
(2x + 3 xb)2 + 1 (x2 + 9x) = x2 (b2 4b + 3) + 3x(1 2b) + 10.

= x2 (b 1)(b 3) + (11 b2 )(1 2b) + 10. (Do3x = 11 b2 )
= x2 (b 1)(b 3) + (b 1)(b 3)(2b + 7) = (b 1)(b 3)(x2 + 2b + 7)(2).
Ch x2 + 2b + 7 > 0 do b 0 nn t (1) v (2) suy ra b = 1 b = 3 x =
10
2
;x = .
3
3
Bi: 236
Gii phng trnh: x2 + (x + 1)
x2 + 3x + 1 = 5x + 1
Li gii
Bi: 237
Gii phng trnh:
x+
x2 + 2x = (x + 1) x + 1
Li gii
K: x 0
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Phng trnh tng ng vi :
q
x2 + 2x x + 1 = x( x(x + 1) 1)

q
x2 + x 1
= x x(x + 1) 1
2
x + 2x + x + 1
x2 + x 1
x2 + x 1
2
= xq
x + 2x + x + 1
x(x + 1) + 1

1
x2 + x 1 = 0 x =
51
2
Bi: 238
Gii phng trnh: 3x2 + 4x = 2 + x2 + x + 1 + 5 8x2 +
B

x+1
3
Li gii
(3x x 1)+ 21x2 + 3 x+3

=
3
1
3x2 x 1 = 0 x = (1 + 13)
6
2
4
0
9
x2 + x + 1 (2x2 + 4x) +
5 8x2 (19x2 + x 4
Bi: 239
Gii phng trnh: x2 + x x2 + 3x + 1 = 1 + 6x2 + 3x + 1

Li gii
Bi: 240

Gii phng trnh: 3 + 4 x2 + 1 (4x + 5) = 16.
Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 88
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
P T (x + 1)3 (7x2 + 9x 4) = x + 1 3 7x2 + 9x 4

q
[x + 1 3 7x2 + 9x 4][(x + 1)2 + (x + 1) 3 7x2 + 9x 4 + 3 (7x2 + 9x 4)2 + 1] = 0

Cch 2:
3
7x2 + 9x 4 phng
trnh cho tr thnh
t: y =
x3 4x2
5x + 6 = y
x3 4x2 5x + 6 = y
y 3 + y = (x + 1)3 + x + 1
7x2 + 9x 4 = y 3
f (y) = f (x + 1); f (t) = t3 + t; f 0 (t) > 0 y = x + 1.
Thay tr li h ta c phng
trnh cha x:
x=5
x3 4x2 6x + 5 = 0.
1 5
x=
2
Bi: 241
Gii phng trnh:
Li gii
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
K: x 1

q
t:
4
0
9
q
q
x + 2 + 2 x + 1 + x + 10 6 x + 1 = 2 x + 2 2 x + 1.
( x + 1 + 1)2 +
( x + 1 3)2 = 2 ( x + 1 1)2
q
x + 1 = t > 0 phng trnh tr thnh
| t + 1 | + | t 3 |= 2 | t 1 |
Ta c: | t + 1 | + | t 3 |>| t + 1 + t 3 |= 2 | t 1 |
Kt hp t 0 vy xt trng hp duy nht t 3. Phng trnh tr thnh

2t 2 = 2t 2
Vy phng trnh cho lun c nghim ng vi x 8

Bi: 242
3
7x2 + 9x 4.
Li gii
Bi: 243
Gii phng trnh:
x2 + 2x + 92 = x2 + 2x +
x 1 + 1.
Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 89
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
K: x 1
x2 + 2x + 92 10 = (x2 + 2x 8) + ( x 1 1)
!
1
x2
(x2 + 2x 8) 2
1 =
x1+1
x + 2x + 92 + 10
x=2
!
1
1
(x + 4) 2
1 =
x1+1
x + 2x + 92 + 10
Trng hp 2 loi do v tri m, v phi dng

Bi: 244
Gii phng trnh: (3x + 1) 9x2 + 6x + 2 x + 1 = 4x 16x2 + 1.

Li gii
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
4
0
9
(3x + 1) 9x2 + 6x + 2 + (3x + 1) = 4x + 4x 16x2 + 1
t2
Xt f (t) = t + t t2 + 1 c f 0 (t) = 1 + t2 + 1 + 2
> 0 nn f (t) tng . T suy ra
t +1
3x + 1 = 4x x = 1
Bi: 245
Gii phng trnh: x 4
K: 0 < x
s
t:
3
2=
x
v
s
u
u
t3 2 3
Li gii
3
2
3
2 = t; t 0.
x
3t
6
2
Thay vo phng trnh ta c 4
= 3 2t . vi 0 t
t +2
2
Hai v khng m, bnh phng 2 v ta c:
9t2 = (3 2t2 )(t8 + 4t4 + 4).
3
t: a = t2 ; 0 a ta c
2
5
3
2
2a a + 7a 5a + 12 = 0.
(as 1)(a2 + a + 3)(2a2 3a + 4) = 0 a = 1(T M ).
3
Vy 4 2 = 1 x = 1.
x
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 90
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 246
Gii phng trnh: x +
x + 1 + 3 = 1 x + 3 1 x2
Li gii
K:1 6 x 6 1
t: x + 1 = a, 1 x = b, ab 0
Mt phng trnh 2 n th mu cht l tch x + 3 = k(1 + x) + l(1 x) phn tch nhn t c
y s l
2(1 + x) + (1 x) +
x + 1 = 1 x + 3 1 x2
Tc l
2a2 + a(1 3b) + b2 b = 0 = (b + 1)2
a=b
2a = b 1
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Bi: 247
4
0
9
x=0
x=
24
25
Gii phng trnh: 7(x 2) 2x 1 + (11 8x) 4 x + 2x + 6 = 5 2x2 + 9x 4.

Li gii
1
x4
2
Phng trnh c vit li :
(2 2x 1 4 x)( 2x 1 2 4 x)( 2x 1 + 4 x + 1) = 0
8
.Trng hp 1: 2 2x 1 = 4 x x =
(N )
9
17
.Trng hp 2:
2x 1 = 2 4 x x =
(N )
6
17
8
Vy phng trnh c nghim :x = ; x =
9
6
K:
Bi: 248
Gii phng trnh: (6x 5) x + 1 (6x + 2) x 1 + 4 x2 1 = 4x 3.

Li gii
Bi: 249
Gii phng trnh: (x + 2) x + 1 (4x + 5) 2x + 3 = 6x 33.

Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 91
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
K: x 1
(x + 2)( x + 1 2) (4x + 5)( 2x + 3 3) 4(x 3) = 0.

!
8x + 10
x+2
4 = 0.
(x 3)
x+1+1
2x + 3 + 3
Ta s chng minh:
x+2
2(4x + 5)
<
+ 4; x 1
x+1+1
2x + 3 + 3
S dng nh gi:
3+
2x + 3 < 2( x + 1 + 2).

Bi: 250
Gii phng trnh: (x + 1) x + 2 + (x + 6) x + 7 = (x + 3)(x + 4).
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Li gii
K: x 2
4
0
9
Khi ta c
(x + 1)( x + 2 2) + (x + 6)( x + 7 3) = (x 2)(x + 4)

(x 2)(x + 1) (x 2)(x + 6)
+
= (x 2)(x + 4)

x+2+2
x+7+3
Trng hp 1: x = 2
x+6
x+1
Trng hp 2:
+
=x+4
x+2+2
x+7+3
Ta c
x+1
x+6
x+1 x+6
5x + 15
+
<
+
<
< x + 4 vi x 2
2
3
6
x+2+2
x+7+3
Bi: 251
Gii phng trnh: x(2x + 7) 4 2x2 + 9x + 10 + 10 = (3x + 2)(2 x + 2 2x + 5).

Li gii
K: x 2

(2 x + 2 2x + 5) x(2 x + 2 + 2x + 5) 3x 2 2 2x + 5 = 0
3
Trng hp 1: 2 x + 2 = 2x + 5 x =
(N )
2
Trng hp 2: x(2 x + 2 + 2x + 5) 3x 2 2 2x + 5 = 0
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 92
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
2(x 2) x + 2 + (x 2)( 2x + 5 1) 2(x + 2 2 x + 2) = 0
(x 2)(x + 2) 2(x 2) x + 2
2(x 2) x + 2 + 2

=0
x+2+2 #
" 2x +5 + 1
x+2
1
=0
2(x 2) x + 2 1 +
x + 2 #+ 2
" 2x + 5 + 1
x+2
x+2+1
2(x 2) x + 2
=0
+
2x + 5 + 1
x+2+2
x = 2; x = 2 (N )
3
Vy phng trnh c nghim :x = 2; x = ; x = 2
2
Bi: 252
Gii phng trnh:
2x + 3 +
x+1=
x2 11x + 33 +
3x 5.
Li gii
1
x4
2
Phng trnh c vit li :
(2 2x 1 4 x)( 2x 1 2 4 x)( 2x 1 + 4 x + 1) = 0
8
Trng hp 1: 2 2x 1 = 4 x x =
N
9
17
Trng hp 2: 2x 1 = 2 4 x x =
(N )
6
17
8
Vy phng trnh c nghim : x = ; x =
9
6
K:
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Bi: 253
Gii phng trnh: 8x3 13x2 + 7x (x + 1)
4
0
9
3x2 2 = 0
Li gii
Khi phng trnh tng ng
(2x 1)3 (x2 x 1) = (x + 1) 3 (x + 1)(2x 1) + x2 x 1
3
t
2x
1
=
a,
3x2 2 = b Da vo phn tch kia ta c h
a3
(x2 x 1) = (x + 1)b
b3
(x2 x 1) = (x + 1)a
(a b)(a2 + b2 + ab + x + 1) = 0
a 2 3(2x 1)2
D thy a + b + ab + x + 1 = b +
+
+x+1>0
2
4
1
T suy ra a = b x = 1 x =
8
2
Bi: 254
Gii phng trnh: x(4x2 + 1) (x2 + x + 1) 2x2 + 2x + 1 = 0

Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 93
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
P T 2x (4x2 + 1) = (2x2 + 2x + 2) 2x2 + 2x + 1
(2x)3 + 2x = (2x2 + 2x + 1) 2x2 + 2x + 1 + 2x2 + 2x + 1
Xt f (t) = t3 + t l hm s ng bin 2x = 2x2 + 2x + 1

Bi: 255
Gii phng trnh:
x3 + 3x + 1 +
x3 3x 1 = 2x
Li gii
Lp phng 2 v ta c
q
2x3 + 3 3 (x3 + 3x + 1)(x3 3x 1)

3
x3 + 3x + 1 +
x3 3x 1 = 8x3
3.2x. 3 (x3 + 3x + 1)(x3 3x 1) = 6x3
x=0
x=0
1
3
2
6
2
x
x (3x + 1) = x
3
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Bi: 256
4
0
9
Gii phng trnh: x4 + 6x3 + 14x2 + 15x + 5 = (x3 + 5x2 + 8x + 6) x + 2

Li gii
K: x 2

P T x3 + 5x2 + 8x + 6 (x + 1) + x2 + x 1 = x3 + 5x2 + 8x + 6

x3 + 5x2 + 8x + 6 x + 1 x + 2 + x2 + x 1 = 0
"
x+2
x3 + 5x2 + 8x + 6
x +x1
+1 =0
x+1+ x+2
x3 + 5x2 + 8x + 6
x2 + x 1 = 0 f (x) =
+1=0
x+1+ x+2

Ta c
x3 + 5x2 + 8x + 6
+1=0
x+1+ x+
2
x3 + 5x2 + 9x + 7 + x + 2 = 0
1
c f 0 (x) = 3x2 + 10x + 9 +
> 0 vi mi x 2 nn f (x) f (2) = 1 f (x) = 0 v
2 x+2
nghim
1
+
5
Vy P T x2 + x 1 = 0 x =
2
f (x) =
Bi: 257
Gii phng trnh:
x4 + x2 1 +
x4 x2 + 1 = 2x
Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 94
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
K: x4 + x2 1 0; x 0
Cch 1:
t
a=
x4 + x2 1, b =
a4 + b4 = 2x4
a + b = 2x
x4 x2 + 1 nn ta c h phng trnh
!4
a+b
8 (a4 + b4 ) = (a + b)4
a +b =2
2
7a4 4a3 b 6a2 b2 4ab3 + 7b4 = 0 (a b)2 (7a2 + 10ab + 7b2 ) = 0
4
a = b x4 x2 + 1 = x4 + x2 1 x = 1
Cch 2:
p dng bt Bunhiacopxki ta c :
2

4
x4 x2 + 1 + 4 x4 + x2 1 2. x4 x2 + 1 + x4 + x2 1 2. 2.2x4 = 4x2
4
x 4 x2 + 1 + 4 x4 + x2 1
Du "=" xy ra x4 x2 + 1 = x4 + x2 1 x = 1
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Bi: 258
Gii phng trnh:
x6 + x3 2x 1 +
x6 x3 + 2x + 1 = 2x
4
0
9
Li gii
t:
a + b
a6
x6 + x3 2x 1 = a,
= 2x
x6 x3 + 2x + 1 = b, ab 0 ta c
(a + b)6 = 32(a6 + b6 )
+ b6 = 2x6
(a + b)3
tht vy
4
(a2 + b2 )3
(a + b)6
a6 + b 6 >
>
4
32
S dng BT a3 + b3 >
1
+
5
Du "=" xy ra a = b x3 2x 1 = 0 x =
2
Bi: 259
Gii phng trnh:
v
u
u
u
t1 +
v
u
1u
t1 +
1
1
1 x = x.
2
2
Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 95
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
. i bin x (x) ri gii h
1+
y=
z=
1+
x
2
y
2
2y 2
2z
2x2
L Thu
= x + 2 (1)
= y + 2 (2)
(x < 0 < y, z)
z
= z + 2 (3)
2
. Ta c : x, y, z l 3 nghim thc ca Pt :(t x) (t y) (t z) = 0 hay
r
1+
t3 (x + y + z) t2 + (xy + yz + zx) t xyz = 0, ()

Nn ta cn tnh:
x + y + z; xy + yz + zx; xyz
2 (x2
y2) = z x
Lp cc hiu : 2 (y 2 z 2 ) = x y
2 (z 2
8 (x2 y 2 ) (y 2 z 2 ) (z 2 x2 ) = (x y) (y z) (z x)
x2 ) = y z
4
0
9
Nu (x y)(y z)(z x) = 0 h v nghim

1
1
Nu (x + y)(y + z)(z + x) = (x + y + z)(xy + yz + zx) xyz = , (4)
8
8
. (1)+(2)+(3) : 2 (x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) = x+y +z +6 2(x+y +z)2 (x+y +z)6 = 4(xy +yz +zx), (5)
2a2 a 6
T (5) t: x + y + z = a xy + yz + zx =
, (6)
4
4a3 2a2 12a 1
, (7)
T (4) xyz =
8
(1).y + (2).z + (3).x 2 (x3 + y 3 + z 3 ) = xy + yz + zx + 2(x + y + z)
2a2 + 7a 6
, (8)
x3 + y 3 + z 3 =
8
Ta c HT : x3 + y 3 + z 3 3xyz = (x + y + z)3 3(x + y + z)(xy + yz + zx), (9)
1
3
+Thay (6), (7), (8) vo (9) ta c Pt :8a3 2a2 7a + 3 = 0 a = 1 a = a =
4
2
5
1./a = 1 xyz = 8 > 0, (mboxloi : x < 0 < y, z)
3
2./a =
Th vo (*) ch c 1 nghim thc nn cng loi
4
1
3./a =
Pt (*) c 2 nghim dng v 1 nghim m l : x=-1.253509322
2
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Bi: 260
x + 3 = (4x 2) 3x 1
Li gii
Bi: 261
1
1
3
Gii phng trnh:
+ 3
=
2
3x 4
2x 3 x
x + 3x + 9x 12
Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 96
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu

3(2x
3x+2
3x4)
1
(2x 3 x 2 3x 4)
+ 4x3x.x3 +3x2 +9x12.(4x3x+2x3 +3x2 +9x12) = 0

2x 3x. 3x4
x 3 x = 3x 4 x2 (3 x) = 3x 4 (x 1)3 = 3 x = 3 3 + 1(N )
Vy phng trnh c nghim : x = 3 3 + 1

Bi: 262
Gii phng trnh: (x3 + x)
x2 + 1 =
8x2 + 6x 1 3 9x2 + 6x
Li gii
K:
x (9x2
+ 6x) 0
8x2
3+ 17
8
+ 6x 1 0
q
P t x2 + 1 1 x2 + 1 3 (x2 + 1)2 = 8x2 + 6x 1 3 9x2 + 6x
4
0
9
t a = 9x2 + 6x, b = 8x2 + 6x 1 x2 + 1 = a b phng trnh tr thnh

q
q

(a b)2 (a b) 3 (a b)2 = b. 3 a, (1)
. Nu (a b)2 > a (a b)2 (a b) > b V T (1) > V P (1)
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
. Nu (a b) < a (a b) (a b) < b V T (1) < V P (1)

2
2
Nh vy (1) (a b)2 = a suy q
ra (x2 + 1) = 9x2 + 6x
= 3 (x + 1)2
q (x 2)
3 + 11 4 3
3 + 11 + 4 3
;x =
Vy Pt c 2 nghim : x =
2
2
Bi: 263
Gii phng trnh: (1 x) (1 + x) + 2x 2x + 1 + 2 1 + 2 2x + 1 = 0

2
Li gii
K: 2x + 1 0. t t =
2x + 1; t 0
t3 + t2 + t + 2 1 + 2t = x3 + x2 + x + 2 1 + 2x
2
Xt hm s f (a) = a3 + a2 + a + 2 1 + 2a; a 0 c f 0 (a) = 3a2 + 2a + 1 +
> 0 vy f (a) l
1 + 2a
hm s ng bin
Suy ra f (t) = f (x) 1 + 2x = x(x 0) x2 2x 1 = 0 x = 1 2 x = 1 + 2
Vy phng trnh c nghim : x = 1 + 2

Bi: 264
Gii phng trnh: 12 2x2 x4 + 9 2x2 + x4 = 32

Li gii
h i
K: x 2; 2

2
P T |x| 13 2 x2 + 9 2 + x2 = 32 x2 13 2 x2 + 9 2 + x2 = 1024 ()
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 97
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
p dng bt Bunhiacopxki ta c :

2
2

13. 26 13x2 + 3 3. 6 + 3x2
13 2 x2 + 9 2 + x2 =

2
13 2 x2 + 9 2 + x2 (13 + 27) (26 13x2 + 6 + 3x2 ) = 40 (32 10x2 )

nn x2 13 2 x2 + 9 2 + x2 40x2 (32 10x2 )

p dng bt Co-si ta c :

2
10x2 . (32 10x2 ) 10x +3210x

= 256
2

2
x2 13 2 x2 + 9 2 + x2 256.4 = 1024
Hay V T () < 1024
10x2
= 32 10x2
Du " = " xy ra
2 + x2
2
2x =
3
2 10
2 10
x=
;x =
5
5
Bi: 265
s
Gii phng trnh: 4 1 +
1
1
+
= x2 + x + 4
2
2
x
(x + 1)
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Li gii
K: x2 + x > 0
!2

2
1
1
1
1
1
: 1 + 2 +
= 1+
= 1+
x
x x+1
x (x + 1)
(x + 1)2
s
1
1
1
1+ 2 +
V x2 + x > 0
2 = 1+
x
x
(x
+
1)
(x + 1)
Nn P T 1 + x21+x
t: t = x2 + x, t > 0 ta c

1
4 1 + 2 = t + 4 t = 3 4 x2 + x = 3 4 x = ...
t
Bi: 266
Gii phng trnh:
2+
2+
4
0
9
2x=x
Li gii
K: 2 x 0
Da vo iu kin ta dng lng gic ha : t x = 2cost,
t
2
2
Th vo phng trnh ban u ta c :

r
q
2 + 2 + 2 2cost = 2cost
Dng cng thc bin i lng gic cui cng ta c :

t 3
cost = sin
t = sin
+
2
8
8
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 98
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 267
Gii phng trnh:
x+6+
x6=3
x+6
x6
Li gii
Ta
c
a + b
a2
=3
a
b
b4 b2 (3 b)2 = 12(3 b)2 6b3 21b2 + 72b 108 = 0 b = 2 x = 10
b2 = 12
Bi: 268
Gii phng trnh:
x2 + 15 = 3x 2 +
x2 + 8
Li gii
2
x2 + 15 > x2 + 8 3x 2 > 0 x > nn
3

x2 + 8 3
P t x2 + 15 4 = 3 (x 1) +
x2 1
x2 1
2
= 3 (x 1) + 2
x +8+3
x + 15 + 4
Do
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
x=1
4
0
9
x+1
x+1
=3+ 2
(1)
2
x + 15
x +8+3
1
1
3
(1) 2
2
=
, (2)
x+1
x + 15 + 4
x +8+3
Do x > 23 V T (2) < 0 < V P (2) (2) : V N
Vy Pt c 1 nghim :x = 1
Cch 2:
Nu x 0 th V T > V P
Xt x > 0 Phng trnh tng ng
x2 + 15
x2 + 8 = 3x 2 f (x) = g(x)
C
!
1
1
f (x) = x 2
2
< 0, g 0 (x) = 3
x + 15
x +8
Vy phng trnh c nghim th l duy nht. Nhm c x = 1 l nghim ca phng trnh.
0
Bi: 269
q
Gii phng trnh: x 6 (1 + x2 )11 +
2 + 3x2 3 3 + 5x2 6 1 + 2x2 = 0

Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 99
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
K: x < 0
Pt
(1 + x2 )2 3 x2 (1 + x2 )2 6 x2 (1 + x2 ) =
2 + 3x2 3 3 + 5x2 6 1 + 2x2
(1 + x2 )
x2 (1 + x2 )
x2 (1 + x2 )
3
6
1+
1
1
+
1
1
+
1=1
2
2 + 3x2
3 + 5x2
s
s
s 1 + 2x
x4 x2 1 3
(x2 + 3) (x4 x2 1) 6
x4 x2 1
1
+
1
+
1+
= 1, (1)
2 + 3x2
3 + 5x2
1 + 2x2
Nu x4 x2 1 > 0 V T (1) > 1
Nu x4 x2 1 < 0 V T (1) < 1
1
+
5
Nh vy (1) x4 x2 1 = 0 x2 =
s
2
1+ 5
Vy Pt c nghim duy nht : x =
2
Bi: 270
Gii phng trnh:
1+
2x x2 +
2x x2 = 2(x 1)2 (2x2 4x + 1).
Li gii
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
4
0
9
t t = 2x x2 0 (x 1)2 = 1 t2 v 2x2 4x + 1 = 1 2t2 phng trnh tr thnh
1 + t + 1 t = 2(1 t2 )(1 2t2 ) 0 t 1

Ta thy V P 2(1 t2 )
AD BT Cosi cho VT ta c:
V T 2 1 t2 2(1 t2 )
V 0 1 t2 1 V T = V P = 2(1 t2 )
Du "=" xy ra khi t = 0 x = 0; x = 2
Cch 2:
p dng bt Bunhiacopxki cho VT ta c :

q
2
q
1 + 2x x2 + 1 2x x2 4
q
q
1 + 2x x2 + 1 2x x2
Xt VP: f (x) = 2 (x 1)2 (2x2 4x + 1) vi 0 x 2

Nn f (x) f (2) = 2
Vy V T = V P = 2 x = 2 l nghim duy nht ca phng trnh.
Bi: 271
x1
Gii phng trnh: 2x +
1
1
1 3 x =0
x
x
Li gii
Ta c
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 100
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh

s
L Thu
1
x1
x2 1
=
+3
x
x !
x
2
x 1
+1
x
1
= 2x + 1
2
x
s
s
1
x1
x2 1
=
+3
x
x !
x
2
x 1
+1
x
1
= 2x + 1
2
x
5
5
1
1
+
x=
Du "=" xy ra khi x2 x 1 = 0 x =
2
2
Cchs2:
x1
=t0
t
x
P T t2 (1 + 3 x + 1)t + 2x = 0 c = ( x + 1 + 3)2
1
1 +3 x
x
1
3
x1+
x
+
2 s
s
1
1 +3 x
x
1
3
x1+
x
+
2
Cch 3:
s
s

1
3
1
1
x1
1
(x 1) +
+
x
+1 =
PT
+3 x
2
x
2
x
x
x
Theo AM GM th V T () V P ()
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Bi: 272
Gii phng trnh:
2(x + 1) + 4 2x = 1.
4
0
9
Li gii
2 1 x; v =
u + v =
4
2
pt
u2 + v 4 = 2 1
t: u=
Gii h = phng php th x =
1+
1
2. 8 3
x=
3
2. 4 8 3
3
Bi: 273
x2 x + 2
x2 + x
Gii phng trnh:
= x2 1.
1 + x2 + x + 2 1 + x2 x + 4
Li gii
x2 x + 2; b = x2 + x a2 b2 = 2 2x (1)
a
b
= x2 1 (2)
2
1+ 4a
1 + 4 b2
Ly (1)+(2) ta c:
!
!
a
b
a2 +
b2 +
= (x 1)2 0
2
2
1+ 4a
1+ 4b
b
a
2
a2 +
b
+
1 + 4 a2
1 + 4 b2
t: a =
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 101
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
vi 0 t 2 th hm s ng bin.
1 + 4 t2
M f (a) f (b) a b
Xt hm s f (t) = t2 +
Li c: a2 b2 = 2 2x 0 x 1
a
b
Nn
= x2 1 0 a b
2
1+ 4a
1 + 4 b2
Vy theo nh gi a = b x = 1
Bi: 274
Gii phng trnh: x4 + x3 x2 + x + 1 = (x + 1)2

Li gii

pt x3 x + x2 + x + 1 = (x + 1)2
x3 (x + 1)
2
= (x + 1)2
x +x+1x
x = 1

()
x3 = (x + 1) x2 + x + 1 x

x3 = (x + 1) x2 + x + 1 x
x3 + x2 + x = (x + 1) x2 + x + 1
x (x2 + x + 1) = (x + 1) x2 + x + 1
x x2 + x + 1 = x + 1
x2 + x + 1
x2 + x + 1
=
1
x
x2
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Bi: 275
r
Gii phng trnh: x + 5x + 1 = x x x +
2x2 + 5x + 1
4
0
9
Li gii
t: a = x2 + 5x + 1; b = x
r

pt a = b b b + a + b2
a2 = b2 .b. b +
a + b 2 a2 = b 3 .
a=0
a

a + b2 b
a a + b2 b = b3 a a + b2 = b3 + ab ()
Gii (*) ta c
2
2 2
a (a + b ) = a b + 2ab + b b + 2b a a = 0
b2
a
!3
b2
+2
a
!2
1=0
Bi: 276
Gii phng trnh:
x+
3x 2 +
6 4x x2 = x2 3x + 5.
Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 102
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
2( x + 3x 2 + 6 4x x2 ) = 2 x + 2 3x 2 + 2 (6 4x x2 ).1
x + 1 + 3x 1 + 7 4x x2 = x2 + 7
hay 2x2 6x + 5 x2 + 7 3(x 1)2 0
Bi: 277
Gii phng trnh: 4x + 3 2 x = 5 x + 4.

Li gii
K: 0 x 2
x2 (2 x)2 = 5 x 3 2 x.
cho gn: t a =
x; b =
2 x; 0 a, b
4
0
9
a4 (2 a)4 = 5a 3(2 a) 8a3 24a2 + 32a 16 = 0 (a 1)3 =
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
s !2
T ta c nghim ca phng trnh l:x = 1 +

Bi: 278
Gii phng trnh: 4x3 12x2 + 9x 1 =
1
4
1
4
2x x2 .
Li gii
iu kin: 0 x 2
pt 4 (x 1)3 3 (x 1) =
1 (x 1)2
t t = x 1 Phng trnh tr thnh
4t3 3t =
1 t2
t t = cos; t [1; 1] ; [; ]
pt 4cos3 3cos = sin cos3 = sin
Bi: 279
Gii phng trnh: x =
q
3
x + 6 + 6.
Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 103
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bnh phng hai v kh cn

x3 6 =
3
x+6
t
y=
3
x + 6 y3 = x + 6
Ta c h phng trnh
x3
y =6
y 3
x=6
Tr hai phng trnh ta c :

(x y) x2 + xy + y 2 + 1 = 0 x = y
Vi x = y x3 x 6 = 0 x = 2
Bi: 280
Gii phng trnh: 2x =
q
3
2014 3 4028x 2013 2013.
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Li gii
4
0
9
Phng trnh tng ng
8x3 + 2013 = 2014 3 4028x 2013
3
4028x 2013 = y ta c h phng trnh
(2x)3
Tc l
y 3
+ 2013 = 2014y
y = 2x
+ 2013 = 2014.2x
1
1 8053
8x = 4028x 2013 x = x =
2
4
3
Bi: 281
2
Gii phng trnh: x 2x 2 =
q
3
2 3 2x2 4x 5 1.
Li gii

q
(x2 2x 2)3 + 1 = 2 3 2(x2 2x 2) 1

D dng a v h i xng nh cc bi trn.
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 104
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 282
x + 3 = (4x 2) 3x 1
Li gii
1
2
2
2
V P (2x 1) + (3x 1) = 4x x, (1)
V T x (2x) x + 3 = x 4x3 + 12x2
k cn c ngha v 2 v cng du: x
V T x (4x3 4x2 + x) + (16x2 8x + 1) + 5x + (2x 1)
V T > x 16x2 8x + 1 = 4x2 x, (2)

T (1),(2) suy ra Pt v nghim.
Bi: 283
Gii phng trnh:
v
u
u
t
x+6
1+
4x 3
9
1+
x+6
16
=q
.
1 + 4x 3
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
Li gii
t a =
x + 6, b =
4x 3, (a, b > 0)
Phng trnh tr thnh

s
a2
9
16
1+
1+
=
b
a
1+b

v
u
u
t(1 + b)
a2
1+
b
4
0
9
16a
, (1)
a+9
Theo AM-GM ta c:
(a 3)2
16a
16a
V T (1) 1 + a =
+
= V P (1)
a+9
a+9
a+9
Nh vy: (1) a = b = 3 x = 3
Bi: 284
Gii phng trnh: (x 1) x
1
x
=43x
Li gii
Ta c:
s
1
pt (x 1)
x 2 + 2 (x 1 2 3 x) = 0
x
2
x 4x 1
(x + 1) (x2 4x 1)
+2
(x 1) q
=0
3
(x 1)2 + 2 (x 1) 3 x + 4 x2
x x x1 + 2
x2 4x 1 = 0
x1
x+1
= 0 ()
!+
3
2
(x 1) + 2 (x + 1) 3 x + 4 x2
1
x
x +2
x
Da vo iu kin ca phng trnh suy ra pt(*) v nghim v V T > 0.
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 105
T Ton
THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh
L Thu
Bi: 285
Gii phng trnh:
x2 2x + 2
4x2 + 1 = 1 + x
Li gii
3x2 2x + 1
=1+x
2
2
x 2x + 2 + 4x + 1
(x + 1) (3x 1)
2
=1+x
x 2x
+ 2 + 4x2 + 1
x = 1 x2 2x + 2 + 4x2 + 1 = 3x + 1 ()
P T q
Ly phng trnh (*) cng vi phng trnh ban u ta c:
x2 2x + 2 = 1 x phng trnh ny
v nghim
Bi: 286
q
Gii phng trnh: 4 x + 2x + x + 2 = x (1 + 2 x)
Li gii
1
m
a
r
t
o
a
iu kin x 0
q
pt 2x + x = (x 2) (2 x + 1)
2x + x = (x 2)2 (2 x + 1)
x (2 x + 1) = (x2 4x + 4) (2 x + 1)
x = x2 4x + 4

3
( x 1) ( x) + x 3 x 4 = 0
Cch 2:
B
!
4
0
9
1
1
1
Pt 2 2 +
+ 2+ =x 2+
x
x
x
1
1
t: t = , t > 0 ta c 2 (2 + t) + 2 + t = 2 (2 + t)
x
t
1
1
t
1
2+
= 2 2t +
=
t
t
t+2
t+2
2
1
2t + t + 2 =
+ t t+2=1
t
t
+
2
1 + 5
... t =
2
Bi: 287
Gii phng trnh:

Li gii
GV: V Vn Nhn
n thi H-C
Trang 106

PTVT 2014 PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

PTVT 2014 PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

T Ton

THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh

Gii phng trnh: 2x 3 +

Nhm c nghim x0 = 1 nn ta c bnh phng phng trnh mt cch bnh thng

4x4 24x3 + 58x2 60x + 22 = 0

(x 1)2 (4x2 16x + 22) = 0

104x2 540x + 684 = 0 x = 3(n) x =

2x2 + 10x + 7 = (2x 3) 3 2x2

3 2x2 2x2 = 3 u2 v phng trnh tr thnh

THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh

Coi y l phng trnh bc hai vi n l u v tham s l x ta c

3 2x2 = 4x2 20x + 25

Vy phng trnh cho v nghim.

Gii phng trnh: 8x2 + 3x + (4x2 + x 2) x + 4 = 4

x+4 = (4x + 1)2

Gii phng trnh:

THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh

Nhn xt: Nhn thy pt c nghim l x = 5 v x = 4 ta ngh n cch to ra nhn t chung l

(1) df racx2 2x 8 x2 9 + 2x 1 (x 4) = 0 (x 4)(

TH1: x = 4 tha mn k bi ton x = 4 l mt nghim ca pt

TH2: Quy ng ta c: x2 9 + 2x 1 = x + 2 (2)

em (1) cng (2) ta c: x2 9 = x 1 x2 9 = x2 2x 1 x = 5

Gii phng trnh: 6x3 + 15x2 + x + 1 = (3x2 + 9x + 1)

x2 x + 1 khi phng trnh tr thnh

u2 3x2 + 9x + 1 u + 6x3 + 14x2 + 2x = 0

Coi y l phng trnh bc hai vi n l u v tham s l x ta c

4 6x3 + 14x2 + 2x = 3x2 + 5x + 1

3x (3x3 + 14x2 + 18x + 5) = 0

Vy phng trnh c ba nghim l x 1+6 13 ; 0; 3+2

Gii phng trnh: (x 3) 1 + x + x 4 x = 2x 3

THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh

Gii phng trnh: (x + 2) x2 2x + 4 = (x 1) x2 + 4x + 7

Phng trnh cho tng ng vi

(x + 2)2 (x2 2x + 4) = (x 1)2 (x2 + 4x + 7)

3(x + 2)2 = 3(x 1)2

H phng trnh cui v nghim.

Vy phng trnh v nghim.

Cch 2: t x2 2x + 4 = a; x2 + 4x + 7 = b (a; b > 0)

THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh

Vy phng trnh cho v nghim.

Gii phng trnh: (2 2x 1 + x + 1)2 9x2 + 15 = 22x

Vy phng trnh c nghim duy nht x = 1.

Phng trnh bc ba chng minh v nghim trong iu kin .

Gii phng trnh: x3 + 22x2 11x (6x2 + 12x 6) 2x 1 = 0

x3 + 22x2 11x = (6x2 + 12x 6) 2x 1

THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh

i chiu vi iu kin. Vy phng trnh cho c nghim:

Ta gii phng trnh (1). Quy ng ta c

Tip tc nhn lin hp ta c

Phng trnh (2) tng ng vi

i chiu thy tt c cc nghim u tha mn.

Gii phng trnh: 6x3 + 3x2 + 12x + 7 + 4 (x2 + x + 2)

THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh

Gii phng trnh:

Gii phng trnh:

t4 12t3 + 37t2 42t + 16 = 0 (t 1)2 (t 2) (t 8) = 0

Gii phng trnh: 2 (5x 3) x + 1 + 5 (x + 1) 3 x = 3 (5x + 1)

Thys xut hin ca hai cn thc nn ta t n ph dng hai n xem sao?

ng nht h s ta phn tch c : x + 1 = u2

Khi phng trnh cho tr thnh

THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh

(2u v)(3u2 + 4vu 6u 3v) = 0

Gii phng trnh: 4x2 + (2x 5) 4x + 2 + 17 = 4x + (2x + 3) 6 4x

Gii phng trnh: