Giao Trinh Sap2000 V14

2012
GIO TRNH SAP 2000 V14.0.0
KS.L VN DUY
TRUNG TM HA HONG NHI
9/2012
SAP 200 V14.0.0 Cng c c bn
PHN I : CNG C C BN CA SAP 2000 V14

MC LC
BI 1 : CC QUI C C BN ................................................................................... 3
1.1. GII THIU . ........................................................................................................ 3
1.1.1. Lch s hnh thnh. ......................................................................................... 3
1.1.2. M hnh ha kh nng ca SAP 2000. ........................................................ 4
1.1.3. Cc file d liu : .............................................................................................. 6
1.2. Cc bc c bn thc hin tnh ton v phn tch kt cu bng cc phn mm
SAP 2000. ....................................................................................................................... 6
1.2.1. Xy dng v iu chnh hnh hc ................................................................... 6
1.2.2. nh ngha vt liu,tit din v gn chi tit cho cc phn t .......................... 6
1.2.3. iu chnh gi ta........................................................................................... 6
1.2.4. nh ngha cc phng n cht ti v gn chi tit. ......................................... 6
1.2.5. nh ngha cc thanh c bit nu c ............................................................. 6
1.2.6. nh ngha cc phng n t hp. .................................................................. 6
1.2.7. nh ngha cc phng n phn tch .............................................................. 6
1.2.8. Chy v phn tch s b cng trnh theo qui phm ........................................ 6
1.2.9. Thit k theo vt liu (BTCT hoc Thp ) ...................................................... 6
1.3. Mt s qui nh c bn. ......................................................................................... 6
1.3.1. H n v c bn dung trong cng trnh SAP 2000 s dng ......................... 6
1.3.2. n v gc o dng trong SAP 2000. ........................................................ 7
1.3.3. Nt (node). ...................................................................................................... 7
1.3.4. Phn t (Element). .......................................................................................... 7
1.3.5. H ta (Coordinate system) ....................................................................... 8
a. H ta tng th (Global coordinate system) ................................................. 8
b. nh ngha h trc ta b sung. .................................................................... 9
c. H ta a phng. ...................................................................................... 10
1.3.6. Nguyn tc bn phi. .................................................................................... 12
1.3.7. Bc t do ca nt (DOF Degree of Freedom) ........................................... 12
1.3.8. Lin kt (Restraints)...................................................................................... 13
1.3.9. Ti trng (Load) : .......................................................................................... 13
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581
Trung tm ha Hong Nhi.

BI 2 : CNG C XY DNG HNH HC ............................................................... 14
2.1. Mn hnh lm vic c bn ca SAP 2000. ........................................................... 14
2.2. Tnh nng v tc dng ca cc icon trong SAP 2000. ......................................... 14
BI 3 : H THNG KT CU MU........................................................................... 19
3.1.1. H thng li nh v : Grid Only ................................................................ 19
3.1.2. H dm lin tc Beam. .................................................................................. 23
3.1.3. H khung phng 2D Frame : ......................................................................... 23
3.1.4. H khung khng gian 3D frame. ................................................................... 25
3.1.5. H dn phng (2D Truss) : ............................................................................ 27
3.1.6. H tng vch phng (Wall)......................................................................... 29
3.1.7. H kt cu sn phng (Flat Slab) : ................................................................ 30
3.1.8. H kt cu thanh dn khng gian (3D Truses) ............................................. 33
3.1.9. H tm v Shells. .......................................................................................... 34
3.1.10. Cu thang StairCase. ................................................................................... 36
BI 4 : NH NGHA VT LIU-TIT DIN-GN CHI TIT CHO I TNG.
........................................................................................................................................... 38
4.1. nh ngha cc loi vt liu : ............................................................................... 38
4.2. nh ngha cc loi tit din thanh gn chi tit cho phn t thanh. .................. 40
4.2.1. nh ngha tit din b tng hnh ch nht ................................................... 41
4.2.2. nh ngha mt s ng knh cy ct thp (Reinforcement Bar Size). ...... 44
4.2.3. Gn tit din va nh ngha cho phn t. .................................................... 45
4.2.4. nh ngha tit din ct c hnh dng phc tp bng Section Designer ....... 45
4.2.5. Phn t Frame c tit din NonPrismatic ..................................................... 48
4.2.6. Phn t Frame tit din General. .................................................................. 51
4.2.7. Phn t Frame c tit din Auto Select : ...................................................... 54
4.3. nh ngha cc loi tit din tm gn chi tit cho phn t tm. ....................... 56
4.3.1. nh ngha tm.............................................................................................. 56
4.3.2. Gn tit din va nh ngha cho phn t tm : ............................................ 56
4.4. V dm,ct v sn. ............................................................................................... 57
4.4.1. V dm. ......................................................................................................... 57
4.4.2. V ct. ........................................................................................................... 57
4.4.3. V sn hoc vch. ......................................................................................... 58
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

a. V nhanh sn. ................................................................................................... 58
b. V sn hnh ch nht. ...................................................................................... 58
c. V sn hnh a gic. ......................................................................................... 58
d. Xem tm hoc khi. ......................................................................................... 59
4.5. Copy ton b dm,sn t tng ny sang tng khc. ............................................. 59
4.6. Chn s mt ct xut ni lc cho dm Output Station. ....................................... 60
4.7. Chia sn t ng AutoMesh. ............................................................................... 62
BI 5 : NH NGHA CC PHNG N TI GN TI TRNG CHI TIT. .... 65
5.1. NH NGHA LOAD PATTERN. ..................................................................... 65
5.2. nh ngha cc phng n cht ti v kiu phn tch Load Case ...................... 66
5.2.1. Phn tch tnh v ng lc hc...................................................................... 68
a. Static : Phn tch tnh ....................................................................................... 68
b. Modal : Phn tch ng lc hc. ...................................................................... 68
5.2.2. Phn tch tuyn tnh v phi tuyn.................................................................. 68
a. Phn tch tuyn tnh Linear. ............................................................................. 68
b. Phn tch phi tuyn Nonlinear. ........................................................................ 69
5.3. nh ngha t hp ti trng Load Combination. .................................................. 69
5.4. Gn ti chi tit cho cc phng n ti nh ngha : ......................................... 70
5.4.1. Ti trng vo nt. .......................................................................................... 70
a. Ti trng tp trung nt. .................................................................................... 70
b. Xem ti trng: .................................................................................................. 72
c. Chuyn v cng bc (Joint Displacement)..................................................... 72
5.4.2. Ti trng trn thanh....................................................................................... 73
a. Uniform load (Span Load) ............................................................................... 74
b. Xem ti trng trn thanh. ................................................................................. 75
a. Ti trng tp trung trn thanh. ......................................................................... 75
b. Ti trng phn b khng u. .......................................................................... 77
5.4.3. Ti trng trn tm. ........................................................................................ 79
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

a. Ti trng phn b trn tm ............................................................................... 79
BI 6 : GI TA V MT S KHAI BO KHC. .................................................. 81
6.1. Gn iu chnh gi ta l tng. ...................................................................... 81
6.2. Gn iu chnh cc gi ta l xo ......................................................................... 81
cng khc v cng khi ti lin kt c chuyn v khc 0............................... 81
6.3. Quay h ta cc b ca thanh v tm. ............................................................ 82
6.3.1. Quay h ta cc b ca thanh .................................................................. 82
6.3.2. Quay h ta ca tm................................................................................. 82
6.4. Vo cc lin kt c bit 2 u thanh( gii phng thnh phn lc) ..................... 83
6.5. iu chnh nhp tnh ton..................................................................................... 83
6.6. iu chnh s mt ct tnh ton. .......................................................................... 85
6.7. T ng chia thanh (Automatic Mesh Frame)..................................................... 85
BI 7 : C KT QU NI LC THANH TM IN ........................................... 88
7.1. c kt qu bng ha...................................................................................... 88
7.1.1. Xem chuyn v (Displacement) .................................................................... 90
a. Xem hot hnh .................................................................................................. 91
b. Xut Video ....................................................................................................... 91
7.1.2. Xem ni lc thanh. ........................................................................................ 92
7.1.3. Xem phn lc Reaction. ................................................................................ 94
7.2. Xem kt qu phn tch dng bng. ....................................................................... 96
7.3. In kt qu tnh ton .............................................................................................. 98
BI 8 : THIT K KT CU. .................................................................................... 100
8.1. Chn tiu chun thit k .................................................................................... 100
8.2. Chn t hp thit k. .......................................................................................... 101
8.3. Chy thit k. ..................................................................................................... 102
8.4. Hin th kt qu thit k. .................................................................................... 102
PH LC : HNG DN CI T. ........................................................................ 104
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581


Hnh 1-1 Cc kh nng phn tch ca SAP 2000.............................................................. 5
Hnh 1-3 Mt bng li ca h ta vung gc v h ta tr. ................................. 8
Hnh 1-2 H ta tng th.............................................................................................. 8
Hnh 1-4 Gc xoay dng ca h ta mi. ................................................................ 10
Hnh 1-5 Trc ta a phng ca phn t thanh. ..................................................... 10
Hnh 1-6 Trc ta a phng ca phn t tm. ........................................................ 11
Hnh 1-7 Nguyn tc bn tay phi. ................................................................................. 12
Hnh 2-1 Ca s lm vic ca SAP 2000 ....................................................................... 14
Hnh 2-2 Hp thoi Display Options For Active Window ............................................. 18
Hnh 3-1 Ca s New Model .......................................................................................... 19
Hnh 3-2 Ca s Quick Grid Lines ................................................................................. 20
Hnh 3-3 Sa chi tit li................................................................................................ 21
Hnh 3-4 Ca s Coordinate/Grid Systems .................................................................... 21
Hnh 3-5 Ca s Define Grid System Data .................................................................... 22
Hnh 3-6 Ca s khai bo Beam ..................................................................................... 23
Hnh 3-7 M hnh Beam. ................................................................................................ 23
Hnh 3-8 Ca s khai bo 2D Frames............................................................................. 24
Hnh 3-9 Open Frame Building ...................................................................................... 25
Hnh 3-10 Beam - Slab Building .................................................................................... 26
Hnh 3-11 2D Truss ........................................................................................................ 27
Hnh 3-12 Cu to dn .................................................................................................... 27
Hnh 3-13 Cc loi dn thng gp ................................................................................ 28
Hnh 3-14 Khai bo h Wall ........................................................................................... 29
Hnh 3-15 Mt s loi sn khc nhau ............................................................................. 30
Hnh 3-16 Sn t trc tip ln ct ................................................................................. 31
Hnh 3-17 Sn phng c panel ........................................................................................ 31
Hnh 3-18 Sn phng c m ct...................................................................................... 32
Hnh 3-19 Khai bo h Slab ............................................................................................ 32
Hnh 3-20 3D Trusses ..................................................................................................... 33
Hnh 3-21 Shells. ............................................................................................................ 34
Hnh 3-22 Barrel Shell. ................................................................................................... 34
Hnh 3-23 Mt ct ngang hm. ....................................................................................... 35
Hnh 3-24 Li gii bi ton vm..................................................................................... 36
Hnh 3-25 Staircases. ...................................................................................................... 36
Hnh 4-1 Define Materials .............................................................................................. 38
Hnh 4-2Ca s Add New v Modify/Show Material .................................................... 39
Hnh 4-3 Mt s cp bn b tng thng gp. .......................................................... 39
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

Hnh 4-4 Mun n hi ban u ca mt s b tng. ................................................... 40
Hnh 4-5 Mt s tit din thng gp ............................................................................. 40
Hnh 4-6 Add Frame Section Property ........................................................................... 42
Hnh 4-7 Rectangular Section ......................................................................................... 42
Hnh 4-8 Reinforcement Data. ........................................................................................ 43
Hnh 4-9 B tr ct thp ca mt s ct .......................................................................... 44
Hnh 4-10 SD Section Data. ........................................................................................... 47
Hnh 4-11 CSISD ............................................................................................................ 48
Hnh 4-12 V d thanh Nonprismatic ............................................................................. 49
Hnh 4-13 Add Frame Section Property ......................................................................... 50
Hnh 4-14 Nonprismatic Section Name .......................................................................... 50
Hnh 4-15 Cng thc tnh Shear Area ............................................................................ 53
Hnh 4-16 Chn tit din mun v.................................................................................. 57
Hnh 4-17 Chn tit din mun v.................................................................................. 57
Hnh 4-18 Chn tit din tm mong mun. .................................................................... 58
Hnh 4-21 Hp thoi Display Options For Active Windows. ........................................ 59
Hnh 4-22 Chn t danh sch dm. ................................................................................ 61
Hnh 4-23 Asign Frame Output Station. ......................................................................... 62
Hnh 4-24 Select Sections. .............................................................................................. 63
Hnh 4-25 Assign Automatic Area Mesh. ...................................................................... 64
Hnh 5-1 Define Load Pattern ......................................................................................... 66
Hnh 5-2 Define Load Case. ........................................................................................... 67
Hnh 5-3 Modify/Show Load Case ................................................................................. 67
Hnh 5-4 Analysis Type. ................................................................................................. 68
Hnh 5-5 Hp thoi Add New Combo ............................................................................ 69
Hnh 5-6 Hp thoi Load Combination Data.................................................................. 70
Hnh 5-7 Asign Joint Load.............................................................................................. 71
Hnh 5-8 Gn phng v ln ti trng ....................................................................... 71
Hnh 5-9 Gn chuyn v nn. .......................................................................................... 73
Hnh 5-10 Nhng loi ti thng gp ............................................................................. 73
Hnh 6-1 Ca s Joint Restraints. ................................................................................... 81
Hnh 6-2 Xoay h ta ca thanh. ............................................................................... 82
Hnh 6-4 Frame Local Axis ............................................................................................ 82
Hnh 6-3 Xoay tm.......................................................................................................... 82
Hnh 6-5 Area Local Axis. .............................................................................................. 83
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

Hnh 6-6 Assign Frame Releases .................................................................................... 83
Hnh 6-7 Frame Offset .................................................................................................... 84
Hnh 6-8 Frame End Length Offsets............................................................................... 85
Hnh 6-9 Output Station .................................................................................................. 85
Hnh 6-10 Automa tic Frame Mesh. ............................................................................... 86
Hnh 6-11 Assign Automatic Frame Mesh. .................................................................... 86
Hnh 6-12 No Automatic Meshing. ................................................................................ 87
Hnh 6-13 Auto Mesh Frame. ......................................................................................... 87
Hnh 7-1 Hp thoi Animation Video File Creation. ..................................................... 92
Hnh 7-2 Member Force Diagram .................................................................................. 93
Hnh 7-3 Diagrm For Frame Object. ............................................................................. 94
Hnh 7-4 Joint Reaction Forces. ..................................................................................... 95
Hnh 7-5 Joint Reaction .................................................................................................. 96
Hnh 7-6 Choose Table for Display ................................................................................ 97
Hnh 7-7 Element Forces-Frames. .................................................................................. 98
Hnh 8-1 Chn tiu chun thit k. ............................................................................... 101
Hnh 8-2 Chn t hp thit k dm. ............................................................................. 102
Hnh 8-3 Kt qu thit k chi tit ct b tng ct thp. ................................................ 103
Hnh 0-1 Hng dn gii nn file. ................................................................................ 104
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

BI 1 : CC QUI C C BN
1.1. GII THIU .
1.1.1. Lch s hnh thnh.
B phn mm Sap c bt u t cc kt qu nghin cu phng php s
(Numeric method), phng php phn t hu hn (Finite Element Method) trong
tnh ton c hc (Computation Mechanics) ca gio s Edward L.Wilson
(University of California at Berkeley,USA).
Bng 1-1 Cc giai on pht trin phn mm SAP
Giai on
Tn chng
trnh
Ni dung
1969 - 70
SAP
Used Static Load to Generate
1971-72
Solid-Sap
Rewritten by Ed Wilson
1972-73
SAP IV
Subspace Iteration - Dr.Jugen Bathe
1973-74
NON SAP
New Program The Start of ADINA
1979-80
SAP
New Linear Program for Personnal computers
1983-1987
SAP 80
CSI added Pre and Post Processing
1987-1990
SAP 90
Significant Modification and Documentation
1997-Nay
SAP 2000
Nonlinear Element-More Options-With Windows

Interface
Th ban du chng ch l cc chng trnh n l nh SolidSapchy trn cc

h thng my tnh ln vi mc ch hu nh ch phc v nghin cu l chnh
.Phin bn u tin ca chng trnh c mang tn SAP (Structural Analysis
Program) vo nm 1970 v sau ln lt xut hin SAP IV,SAP 80 c nng
cp v hon thin vo cui nhng nm 80,n l mc nh du s xut hin phn
mm tnh ton kt cu c tnh thng mi u tin ca h.SAP c pht trin bi
cng ty COMPUTER AND STRUCTURE INC (CSI).SAP 2000 l mt bc t
ph ca h.Phn mm SAP 2000 theo hng CSI tuyn b l cng ngh ngy nay
cho tng lai.
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

Ngoi kh nng phn tch c nhng bi ton thng gp ca kt cu cng
trnh,version SAP 2000 b sung thm cc loi phn t mu v tnh nng phn
tch kt cu phi tuyn.Giao din ca n vi ngi s dng tr nn thn thin hn
rt nhiu,do chng trnh c thit k lm vic hon ton trn mi trng
WINDOWS.
1.1.2. M hnh ha kh nng ca SAP 2000.
S dng phng php phn t hu hn m hnh ha v phn tch kt cu.
Sap 2000 cung cp nhiu tnh nng mnh m t lp cc bi ton kt cu ph
bin trong thc t k thut,chng bao gm : Cu,p chn,bn cha,cc ta
nhCc giao tip ha da trn cc ca s,cho php nhanh chng to ra cc
m hnh kt cu t cc mu th vin sn c.Tt c vic chnh sa,thay i..phn
tch ni lc cng nh biu din v thit k u c thc hin cng mt cch
ging nhau.Ngi s dng hon ton c th thao tc trc tip trn cc hnh nh
ha hai,ba chiu (2D,3D).
Cc phn t mu gm c : thanh dn,dm (Frame/Struss),tm v -mng
(Shell/plate),phn t 2 chiu-ng sut phng bin dang phng,i xng
trc(plane/asolid),phn t khi (solid) cho ti phn t phi tuyn (Nlink)
Vt liu c th tuyn tnh (linear) ng hng hoc trc hng v phi tuyn.
Cc lin kt bao gm c : lin kt cng,lin kt n hi,lin kt cc b kh bt cc
thnh phn phn lc.
a h ton : c th dung nhiu h ta m hnh ha tng phn ca kt
cu.Nhiu cch thc rang buc cc phn khc nhau ca kt cu.
Ti trng bao gm lc tp trung ti nt,p lc ln phn t,nh hng ca nhit
,ti trng theo ph gia tc,ti trng iu ha v ti trng di ng..Chng c
th t ti nt,hoc phn b u,hnh thang,tp trung v p lc t rn phn t
Kh nng gii cc bi ton ln khng hn ch s n s,gii thut n nh v hiu
sut cao.
Cc phn tch cho bi ton kt cu bao gm :
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

Hnh 1-1 Cc kh nng phn tch ca SAP 2000
Cc phng n ti c th kt hp vi nhau.Mt kt cu c th c nhiu loi phn

t mu.
Kh nng thit k chi tit cho vt liu BTCT; kt cu thp;kt cu nhm theo
nhiu tiu chun ca cc nc tin tin.
Tiu chun thit k b tong ct thp :
US ACI 318-05/IBC 2003 : tiu chun ca vin b tong M(ACI)
Canadian CSA-A23.3-04 (2004) Tiu chun Canada
British BS 8110-97 Tiu chun Anh
Eurocode 2 -2004 Tiu chun chu u
AS 3600 01 Tiu chun ca Australia
New Zealand NZS 3101-95
..
Tiu chun thit k kt cu thp
US AISC/ASD 01,AISD/LFRD 99,
Canadian CAN/CSA-S16.1-01
British BS 5950 1990
Eurocode 3 -2005

Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

1.1.3. Cc file d liu :
*.SDB : file d liu chnh.
*.s2k : File d liu di dng text;c th dung cc trnh son tho vn vn xem
v iu chnh.
1.2. Cc bc c bn thc hin tnh ton v phn tch kt cu bng cc
phn mm SAP 2000.
1.2.1. Xy dng v iu chnh hnh hc
1.2.2. nh ngha vt liu,tit din v gn chi tit cho cc phn t
1.2.3. iu chnh gi ta.
1.2.4. nh ngha cc phng n cht ti v gn chi tit.
1.2.5. nh ngha cc thanh c bit nu c
V d thanh khp,thanh nhp thong thy,quay tit din,s mt tnh ton
1.2.6. nh ngha cc phng n t hp.
1.2.7. nh ngha cc phng n phn tch
1.2.8. Chy v phn tch s b cng trnh theo qui phm
V ni lc v cng nu t yu cu chuyn sang bc 9 ,nu khng t th quay li
cc bc (1 8) iu chnh.
1.2.9. Thit k theo vt liu (BTCT hoc Thp )
Phn tch theo tiu ch vt liu nu khng t quay li cc bc (1 8) iu chnh.
1.3. Mt s qui nh c bn.
1.3.1. H n v c bn dung trong cng trnh SAP 2000 s dng
C 2 h n v trong SAP 2000 : English v Metric.Mt h n v bao gm n v
lc,chiu di,nhit v thi gian.
Lc (lbs, kip, N, kN, etc.),

Chiu di (ft, in, m, mm, etc.),
Thi gian (second),
Nhit (F, C)
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

1.3.2. n v gc o dng trong SAP 2000.

Gm (o) v radian :
(o) c s dng ch nh thng s hnh hc chng hn nh gc ca trc a
phng.
Radian dng ch nh gc xoay ca chuyn v.
Kt qu gc xoay xut ra s dng n v radian.
Bn c th thay i n v hin ti bt k lc no bng cch click hp x xung bn
phi thanh trng thi.
1.3.3. Nt (node).
Nt c hiu l mt v tr dung xc nh cc kch thc hnh hc c bn ca kt
cu.Mi nt c xc nh thong qua tn nt v ta ca n trong h ta chung
.SAP 2000 t ng nh s cc nt ca m hnh.Cc d liu ca nt thng l : tn (Joint
Label),ta (Coordinate),h ton a phng ca nt,ti trng nt (Joint Load),lin
kt khng k chuyn v nt (Restraint),lin kt n hi (Springs),chuyn v cng bc
ca nt
1.3.4. Phn t (Element).
L cc thnh phn khc nhau ca kt cu c xc nh thong qua cc im nt.Mi
phn t c mt gi tr s i din cho tn phn t v c xc nh thong qua cc im
nt.Mi phn t c mt gi tr s i din cho tn phn t v c xc nh thong qua 2
hoc nhiu nt ty loi phn t.V d phn t frame(thanh)xc nh thong qua 2 hoc
phn t shell (v,tm)xc nh thng qua 3 hoc 4,8, hoc 9 nt.
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

Cc d liu ca phn t : tn,nt bin ca phn t,h ta a phuonwg,vt liu phn
t,cc c tnh mt ct phn t,ti trng tc dng ln phn t ,
1.3.5. H ta (Coordinate system)
a. H ta tng th (Global coordinate system)
H ta tng th l h ta vung gc
trong khng gian ba chiu,cc trc ta
vung gc vi nhau v hp thnh mt tam
din thun,chiu ca chng c xc nh
bng quy tc bn tay phi.Cc trc ca h
ta tng th c quy c l cc trc
X,Y,Z trong SAP 2000 h ta ny c tn
l GLOBAL
Hng mc nh ca h trc ta lun c
chiu dng ca trc Z hng thng ng t
di ln trn.Cc h trc ta a phng
Hnh 1-2 H ta tng th.
cho nt,phn t v ti trng ca gia tc nn
u c nh ngha tng ng vi hng thng ng ny.Ring i vi ti trng
bn thn c nh ngha theo chiu ngc vi trc Z mt phng X-Y nm ngang.
H ta tng th c th l h ta vung gc (Cartesian) v h ta tr
(Cylindrical)
Hnh 1-3 Mt bng li ca h ta vung gc v h ta tr.
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581


b. nh ngha h trc ta b sung.
H trc ta b sung c th c dng d dng cho qu trnh m hnh mt b phn
no ca kt cu.Mt h trc ta phi c mt im gc v cc trc,cc trc ny
vung gc vi nhau v xc nh theo quy tc bn tay phi.
Define > Coordinate Systems/Grids>Add New System.
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

Hnh 1-4 Gc xoay dng ca h ta mi.
c. H ta a phng.
Mi thnh phn c bn ca kt cu (nt,phn t ,hay rng buc chuyn v) u c cc h
ta a phng ca chnh n.Cc trc ca h ta a phng cng c xc nh
bng quy tc bn tay phi v k hiu cc trc 1,2,3. to h trc ny ta dung chc nng
to h ta a phng ca ca SAP 2000
Trc 1 mu ,trc 2 mu trng v trc 3 mu xanh ging nh mu ca quc k M.
Hnh 1-5 Trc ta a phng ca phn t thanh.
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

10
Hnh 1-6 Trc ta a phng ca phn t tm.
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

11

1.3.6. Nguyn tc bn phi.
Hnh 1-7 Nguyn tc bn tay phi.
1.3.7. Bc t do ca nt (DOF Degree of Freedom)

S bin dng ca kt cu khi chu tc dng ca ngoi lc,c biu din qua s
chuyn v ca cc nt.i vi kt cu khng gian (3-D) trong trng hp tng
qut mt s nt c su thnh phn chuyn v ca n.
Bc t do ca mt nt tng ng vi mt s thnh phn chuyn v ca mt nt
gm c : ta ring (U1,U2,U3).
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581
12

3 thnh phn chuyn v xoay quanh 3 trc 1,2,3 ca h ta ring (R1,R2,R3)
Mt s thnh phn chuyn v c hai trng thi : c th c chuyn v hay b khng
ch chuyn v.i vi cc phn t mu tng ng vi cc m hnh phn tch khc
nhau th s thnh phn chuyn v ca mt nt tng ng cng khc nhau,n ty
thuc vo s lm vic ca phn t .S thnh phn chuyn v ca mt nt c
gi l bc t do(degree of freedom DOF) ca nt.
Mc nh hng ca cc trc 1,2,3 ca mt nt s song song vi hng ca cc
trc X,Y,Z.
1.3.8. Lin kt (Restraints)
L iu kin lin kt vi tri t ca mt nt.Sap 2000 dng nhiu loi lin kt nh gi
ta,khp c nh,ngm,lin kt hi.
1.3.9. Ti trng (Load) :
-Trng hp ti trng (Load case) : Trong SAP 2000 cho php khai bo nhiu trng
hp ti trng,file kt qu SAP 2000 a ra cha ni lc,chuyn v ca tng trng hp
ti.
-T hp ti trng (Load Combination): Ngi dng c th ch nh s c mt cng lc
ca nhiu trng hp ti gy ra kt qu bt li nht cho kt cu.Khi SAP 2000 a ra
kt qu l t hp tuyn tnh theo nguyn l cng tc dng(Add) hoc theo kiu ng
bao.
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

13
BI 2 : CNG C XY DNG HNH HC

2.1. Mn hnh lm vic c bn ca SAP 2000.
Trong SAP 2000 ,vic thc hin mt s thao tc lnh thng thng qua thanh cng c
cha cc biu tng tng ng.Di y l mt s biu tng thng c s dng
trong SAP 2000.
Hnh 2-1 Ca s lm vic ca SAP 2000
2.2. Tnh nng v tc dng ca cc icon trong SAP 2000.

Icon
Tn Icon
Shortkey
Tnh nng v tc dng
New Model
Ctrl + N
To m hnh mi
Open .SDB
Ctrl + O
M file SDB
Save Model
Ctrl + S
Lu m hnh
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

14

Print Graphic
Ctrl + G
In hnh nh
Undo
Ctrl + Z
Hy mt lnh trc
Redo
Ctrl + Y
Hy mt lnh sau
Refresh Window
Ctrl + W
Lm mi ca s
Lock Model
Kha m hnh
Run Analysis
F5
Chy phn tch m hnh

T ng cp nht phn tch khi
m hnh thay i
Model Alive
Rubber Zoom Band
F2
Phng to mt vng kt cu
Restore Full View
F3
Xem y m hnh kt cu
Xem kt cu trc
Previous View
Zoom In Step One
Shift
F8
+ Phng to tng bc
Zoom Out Step One
Shift
F9
+ Thu nh tng bc
Pan
F8
(Middle
Mouse)
Set Default
View
3D
Di chuyn mn hnh
Xem m hnh 3D mc nh
Set XY View
Xem m hnh trong mt phng

XY
Set XZ View

XZ
Set YZ View
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

15

YZ
Set Named View
Xem mt ct nng cao
Perspective Toggle
i sang php chiu phi cnh
Move Up In List
Di chuyn n mt phng cao

hn
Move Down In List
Di chuyn n mt phng thp

hn
Object
Toggle
Bt/tt ch rt ngn i
tng
Shrink
Set Display Options
Ctrl + E
Thit lp la chn hin th
Assign to Group
To Group
Show Undeformed F4
Shape
Hin th m hnh cha bin

dng
Show
Shape
Hin th m hnh bin dng
Deformed F6
Show
Forces/Stresses
Hin th ni lc/ng sut
Show
Display
Named
Hin th cc hnh lu tn kt
hp vi Display > Save Named
Display
Start
Steel
Design/Check
of
Structure
Chy thit k thp hoc kim tra

kt cu
Start
Concrete
Design/Check
of
Structure
Chy thit k b tng ct thp

hoc kim tra kt cu.
Set Select Mode
Chuyn sang ch chn
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

16

Set
Reshape
Element Mode
Sa i hnh dng phn t
Draw Special Point
V im c bit
Draw Frame/Cable
Element
V thanh/cp
Quick
Draw
Frame/Cable
Element
V nhanh thanh/cp
Quick Draw Braces
V nhanh ging
Quick
Draw
Secondary Beam
V nhanh dm ph
Draw Poly Area
V tm
Draw Rectangular
Area Element
V tm ch nht
Quick Draw Area

Element
V nhanh phn t tm
Draw Solid
V khi
Select All
Get
Selection
Ctrl + A
Previous
Chn phn t lc trc chn

B chn cc i tng
Clear Selection
Point and
Intersection
Chn ton b m hnh
Grid
Bt im ti nt v giao cc li
End and Midpoint
Bt im u ,im cui v
trung im phn t thanh/cp
Perpendicular
Projection
Bt im l chn vung gc vi
thanh
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

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Lines and Edges
Bt im thuc thanh /cp hoc

bin ca tm/khi.
Hnh 2-2 Hp thoi Display Options For Active Window
Mt s biu tng c bn ca SAP 2000 V14
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

18
BI 3 : H THNG KT CU MU.
File >New Model>Chn cc mu tng ng
Hnh 3-1 Ca s New Model
Ty theo cc cng trnh c th,chng ta chn mu kt cu tng ng

Trong mi loi s c cc hng dn c th hoc cc mu c th hn na vi cc
hnh v m t cc loi kch thc cn vo
3.1.1. H thng li nh v : Grid Only
Khi s xut hin bng nh ngha li,da vo cng trnh c th ta nh ngha li
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

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Hnh 3-2 Ca s Quick Grid Lines
Chn mt trong 2 ta , vi cng trnh c cc gc vung thng s dng h ta

(Cartesian) khi phi nh ngha cc thng s sau :
Number of Grid Line : Tng s li theo cc phng (X,Y,Z) thng thng ta da
vo cc trc kt cu nh ngha li
Grid Spacing : Khong cch ca li theo cc phng
First Grid Line Location : v tr ca li u tin.
Nhn OK.
Menu Define > Coordinate Systems/Grids sa chi tit.
Hoc click chut phi vo ca s lm vic chn Edit Grid Data hoc Click vo bt k
Grid line no
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

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Hnh 3-3 Sa chi tit li
Click Modify/Show System.
Hnh 3-4 Ca s Coordinate/Grid Systems
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Hnh 3-5 Ca s Define Grid System Data
Units : chn h n v
Display Grid as : Xc nh cch hin th li
o Ordinate : Hin th li theo h trc tng th
o Spacings : Hin th theo khong cch gia cc ng li.
Hide All Grid Lines : n cc ng li.
Glue to Grid Line : Dnh cc nt vo li ; iu chnh li cng c ngha l iu
chnh h trc kt cu
Buble size : Kch thc vng trn hin th trc
Reset to default color : a v ch mu chun,mc nh.
Reorder Ordinate : Sp xp li th t ta ng li
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581
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Trong qu trnh iu chnh c th vo Menu Edit thm xa cc ng li
3.1.2. H dm lin tc Beam.
Vi h dm lin tc cn a ra cc thng tin sau :
Hnh 3-6 Ca s khai bo Beam
Number of Spans : Tng s nhp

Span length : Khong cch ca mt nhp
Section Properties : Chn tit din s b cho dm.C th click vo Nt du +
khai bo lun tit din.
Nhn Ok
Hnh 3-7 M hnh Beam.
3.1.3. H khung phng 2D Frame :

BI 1 : Vi h khung phng cn a ra cc thng tin sau :
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

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Hnh 3-8 Ca s khai bo 2D Frames
Number of Stories : Tng s tng

Number of Bays : Tng s nhp theo phng X
Story Height : chiu cao tng
Bay Width : Chiu rng mt nhp
Beams : Chn tit din s b cho dm
Columns : Chn tit din s b cho ct
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3.1.4. H khung khng gian 3D frame.
Hnh 3-9 Open Frame Building
Vi h Open Frame Building : h thanh cha c sn

Number of Bays X : tng s nhp theo phng X
Number of Bays Y : tng s nhp theo phng Y
Story Height : Chiu cao tng
Bay Width X : Chiu rng mt nhp X
Bay Width Y : Chiu rng nhp Y
Beams : Chn tit din s b cho dm
Columns : Chn tit din s b cho ct
Vi h Beam-Slab Building : H khng gian c sn.
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

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Hnh 3-10 Beam - Slab Building

Number of Bays X : Tng s nhp theo phng X
Number of By Y : Tng s nhp theo phng Y
Story Height : Chiu cao tng
Bay Width X : Chiu rng mt nhp X
Bay Width Y : Chiu rng mt nhp Y
Number of Division X : S li chia nh t ng tm sn theo X
Number of Division Y : S li chia nh t ng tm sn theo Y
Beams : chn tit din s b cho dm
Columns : Chn tit din s b cho sn
Area : chn tit din s b cho sn.
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

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3.1.5. H dn phng (2D Truss) :
Hnh 3-11 2D Truss
Number of Divisions : S bc mt dn
Division Length : Chiu di mt bc mt dn.
Height : Chiu cao ca dn
Ngoi ra mun chn cc loi dn khc nhau chn 2D Truss Type vo Parametric
Definition xem ngha cc k hiu.
Hnh 3-12 Cu to dn
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Hnh 3-13 Cc loi dn thng gp
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3.1.6. H tng vch phng (Wall).
Hnh 3-14 Khai bo h Wall
Number of Divisions X : S on chia ca vch theo phng X

Number of Division Y : S on chia ca vch theo phng Y
Division Width X : di on chia theo X
Division Width Y : di on chia theo Y
Section : Chn dy ca tm vch
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3.1.7. H kt cu sn phng (Flat Slab) :
Hnh 3-15 Mt s loi sn khc nhau
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

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Hnh 3-16 Sn t trc tip ln ct
Hnh 3-17 Sn phng c panel
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

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Hnh 3-18 Sn phng c m ct
Hnh 3-19 Khai bo h Slab
Number of Division X : S on chia ca sn theo phng X

Number of Division Y : S on chia ca sn theo phng Y
Division Width X : di on chia theo X
Division Width Y : di on chia theo Y
Middle Strip Width X : rng ca di gia nhp theo X
Middle Strip Width Y : rng ca di gia nhp theo Y
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Section : Chn tit din ca tm sn
3.1.8. H kt cu thanh dn khng gian (3D Truses)
Hnh 3-20 3D Trusses
Mun chn cc loi dn khc nhau chn 3D Truss type; vo Parametric definition
xem ngha cc k hiu.
Ngoi ra Sap 2000 V14 cn c nhiu bi ton kho st chuyn dng nh kt cu thang;
cc thp silo; cc loi lin kt.
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

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3.1.9. H tm v Shells.
Hnh 3-21 Shells.
Chn Barrel Shell :
Hnh 3-22 Barrel Shell.
Nhn Parametric Definition xem cc nh ngha thng s.
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

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2500
3700
1200
V d :
Hm di L=10m
Mt ct ngang hm :
4000
Hnh 3-23 Mt ct ngang hm.
Hng dn gii :
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

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Hnh 3-24 Li gii bi ton vm.
3.1.10. Cu thang StairCase.
Hnh 3-25 Staircases.
Chn Staircase Type 2 l cu thang ph bin nht

Click Parametric Definition xem cc thng s nh ngha.
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581
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Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

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BI 4 : NH NGHA VT LIU-TIT DIN-GN CHI TIT

CHO I TNG.
4.1. nh ngha cc loi vt liu :
Mi mt cng trnh c th s dng mt hoc nhiu loi vt liu. nh ngha mt loi
vt liu lm nh sau :
Vo Define > Material > Add New
Material
Add New Material Quick :
Thm mt loi vt liu trong
danh sch sn c.Ch yu l
cc vt liu theo tiu chun
nc ngoi.
Add New Material :Thm mt
loi vt liu.
Add Copy of Material : Thm
mt vt liu mi c cc thuc
Hnh 4-1 Define Materials
tnh tng t vt liu c sn.
Modify/Show Material : Thay
i loi vt liu c sn( khai bo)
o Chn tn vt liu
o Bm vo Modify Ging nh New
Delete : ch xa c khi cha gn vt liu cho tit din
o Material Name and Display color: Tn loi vt liu v mu sc vt liu.Tn
vt liu do ngi dng t nn t tn theo vt liu s dng.V d : B25
o Material Type : Dng vt liu
o Weight per Unit volume : Trng lng ring
o Modulus of Elasticity : M un n hi E tra bng TCXDVN 356 : 2005.
o Poisons Ratio : H s Poison .B tng =0.180.2,Thp =0.3
o Coeffcient of Thermal Expansion : H s dn n nhit
o Shear Modulus : M un khng ct c tnh t E v h s Poison
G=
E
2 (1 + )
o Specified Concrete compressive Strength, fc : Cng chu nn c

trng ca b tng.
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

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Hnh 4-2Ca s Add New v Modify/Show Material
Hnh 4-3 Mt s cp bn b tng thng gp.
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

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Hnh 4-4 Mun n hi ban u ca mt s b tng.
4.2. nh ngha cc loi tit din thanh gn chi tit cho phn t thanh.
Trong mt cng trnh c dng nhiu loi tit din.Trc khi gn chng ta phi nh
ngha.
Hnh 4-5 Mt s tit din thng gp
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

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Vo Define > Section Properties > Frame Section.

Nhn Add New Properties
4.2.1. nh ngha tit din b tng hnh ch nht

Chn Add New Property.
Frame Section Property Type : chn Concrete
Chn Rectangular
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Hnh 4-6 Add Frame Section Property
Hnh 4-7 Rectangular Section
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

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Nhn Concrete Reinforcement iu chnh lp b tng bo v v b tr ct thp
mm cho ct.
Hnh 4-8 Reinforcement Data.
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

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Hnh 4-9 B tr ct thp ca mt s ct
4.2.2. nh ngha mt s ng knh cy ct thp (Reinforcement Bar Size).

Define > Section Properties > Reinforcement Bar Size
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Mt s loi thp trong SAP 2000 :
Khai bo tn thp,din tch cy thp v ng knh thp.Nhn Add ri Ok.

4.2.3. Gn tit din va nh ngha cho phn t.
Bc 1 : Chn phn t cn gn tit din
Bc 2 : Assign > Frame > Frame Sections
4.2.4. nh ngha tit din ct c hnh dng phc tp bng Section Designer
Define > Section Properties > Frame Section
Add New Properties.
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

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Chn Section Designer
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

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Hnh 4-10 SD Section Data.
Chn Section Designer
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Hnh 4-11 CSISD
4.2.5. Phn t Frame c tit din NonPrismatic

Kiu phn t c tit din u theo trc thanh : phi khai bo t nht hai loi tit din tr
ln.
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

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Hnh 4-12 V d thanh Nonprismatic
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Hnh 4-13 Add Frame Section Property
Frame Section Property Type chn Other

Chn Nonprismatic
Hnh 4-14 Nonprismatic Section Name
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o Chn Start Section
o Chn End Section
o Nhp Length : Chiu di on section
o Length Type : chn kiu tnh chiu di : Variable ( chiu di tng i)
Absolute (gi tr chiu di)
Bng 4-1 Khai bo cho dm thp ch I
Bng 4-2 Khai bo cho ct b tng c m ct
o EI33 Variation : Kiu thay i EI33

o EI22 Variation : Kiu thay i EI22
o Add,Insert,Modify,Delete : Thm,chn,Chnh sa,Xa

o Ok
4.2.6. Phn t Frame tit din General.
Phn t m kiu tit din khng c trong cc kiu ca Sap,phi tnh cc c trng
hnh hc I; m men qun tnh J ; m men xon
Thng dng trong bi tp c hc kt cu,kt cu m tit din l t hp ca nhiu
tit din c bn.Tnh kt cu khng quan tm n chuyn v cng c th dng.
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Chn General
o Cross-section (axial) area : Din tch tit din A

o Torsional constant : M men qun tnh chng xon J
o Moment of Inertia about 3 axis : M men qun tnh quay xung quanh trc 3
o Moment of Inertia about 2 axis : M men qun tnh quay xung quanh trc 2
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o Shear Area : Din tch ct As.
Hnh 4-15 Cng thc tnh Shear Area
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o Section Modulus About 3(2) Axis : M men chng un W =
ch nht W =
I
ymax
; Vi hnh
bh 2
6
o Plastic Modulus About 3(2) Axis : M men do W =
W
1.3
o Radius of Gyration About 3(2) : bn knh qun tnh r 2 =
I
A
o Ok Ra mn hnh khai bo tit din

o Material Name
o Chn Material
o Ok
4.2.7. Phn t Frame c tit din Auto Select :
Nhm cc tit din c vo mt nhm.Kiu nhm ny gi l Autoselect
Auto Select Section Lists are used in Steel Frame, Aluminum Frame, and ColdFormed Steel Frame design
Khai bo : t nht phi c hai loi tit din :
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

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o Click Auto Select List

o Chn cc section khai bo a vo danh sch ca Auto Select.
o Add Remove
o Ok
Ch :SAP 2000 ly cng trung bnh ca cc loi tit din trong Auto Select
khi xc nh ni lc.
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

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4.3. nh ngha cc loi tit din tm gn chi tit cho phn t tm.
4.3.1. nh ngha tm
Define > Area Section > Add New
Section
o Section Name : Tn tit din
tm
o Type : Thng chn Shellthin : tm tng qut-dng
mng( c y cc thnh
phn ni lc)
Plate Thick (a/h <
8..10)
Membrane(a/h
>
=80..100)
Plate-thin : cn li
o Material : Vt liu
o Thickness : dy
Membrane = bending
: cng dy khi
un v ko nn
Ok
4.3.2. Gn tit din va nh ngha
cho phn t tm :
Bc 1 : Chn phn t cn gn tit
din
Bc 2 : Assign > Area > Section
> Nhn vo tn tit din cn
gn.Kt qu tn ca tit din hin
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581
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trn tm tng ng.
4.4. V dm,ct v sn.
4.4.1. V dm.
Click
chn v trn mt bng.
Click mi tn ln hoc xung
i n tng mun v.
Click
Quick Draw Frame/Cable Element v nhanh dm.
Chn tit din mong mun.
Hnh 4-16 Chn tit din mun v.
Qut ca s bao quanh li hoc click trc tip ln li.

kt thc v mt i tng thanh bn c th click p vo im cui hoc click im
cui sau nhn Enter hoc nhn phim ESC.
4.4.2. V ct.
Click
Oxz(Oyz).
chn xz (yz) chn v trn mt ct song song mt phng
i n mt ct mun v.
Click
Quick Draw Frame/Cable Element v nhanh ct.
Chn tit din mong mun.
Hnh 4-17 Chn tit din mun v.
Qut ca s bao quanh li hoc click trc tip ln li.
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4.4.3. V sn hoc vch.
Click
chn v sn trn mt bng v
v vch trn mt ct.
i n mt bng(mt ct) mun v.
a. V nhanh sn.
Click
Quick Draw Area Element v nhanh sn(vch).
Chn tit din sn (vch)mong mun.
Hnh 4-18 Chn tit din tm mong mun.
Qut ca s bao quanh li nu v nhiu sn hoc click trc tip vo li

nu v mt sn.
b. V sn hnh ch nht.
Click
Draw Rectangular Area v sn (vch) hnh ch nht.
Pick im u ri im cui
c. V sn hnh a gic.
Click
Draw Poly Area v sn(vch).
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

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Pick ln lt cc nh ca sn ngc chiu kim ng h m bo trc 3 ca sn
hng ln trn.
Khi kt thc v tm bn click p hoc click vo im cui ri nhn Enter.
Lu : Ch nn v tm sn hnh tam gic hoc t gic.Ngc li s dn n chia
tm v truyn ti b sai.
d. Xem tm hoc khi.
xem phn t tm hoc solid click
hoc View > Set Display Options
Hnh 4-21 Hp thoi Display Options For Active Windows.
4.5. Copy ton b dm,sn t tng ny sang tng khc.

Click
Set Select Mode chuyn t ch v sang ch chn.
Edit > Replicate
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4.6. Chn s mt ct xut ni lc cho dm Output Station.

Chn ton b dm.
chn nhanh dm lm nh sau :Select > Properties > Frame Sections
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Chn ton b dm trong danh sch.
Hnh 4-22 Chn t danh sch dm.
Asign >Output Station
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Hnh 4-23 Asign Frame Output Station.
4.7. Chia sn t ng AutoMesh.

Chn ton b sn.
chn nhanh sn : Select >Properties >Area Section
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Chn ton b sn trong danh sch.
Hnh 4-24 Select Sections.
Assign > Area > Automatic Area Mesh
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

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Hnh 4-25 Assign Automatic Area Mesh.
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

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BI 5 : NH NGHA CC PHNG N TI GN TI TRNG CHI

TIT.
5.1. NH NGHA LOAD PATTERN.
Define > Load Pattern

Khi chng ta bt u mt m hnh mi ,SAP 2000 t ng to Load Pattern DEAD
gn cho ti trng bn thn.
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Hnh 5-1 Define Load Pattern
Load Pattern Name : Tn loi ti

Sa Load Pattern Name thnh TTBT(ti trng bn thn)
Type : Dng ti (ch xc nh h s t hp khi SAP 2000 t t hp).
Self Weight Multiplier : H s k n ti trng bn thn( ch c ti trng bn thn
type Dead c h s khc 0 cn li l bng 0)
Auto Lateral Load Pattern : Khai bo ti trng ngang
Add New Load Pattern : thm loi ti
Modify Load Pattern : Sa loi ti
Delete Load Pattern : Xa ti
Ok
5.2. nh ngha cc phng n cht ti v kiu phn tch Load Case
Bn thn Load Pattern cha to bt k tc ng no (bin dng,ng sut,.)n h kt
cu.Load Case phi c nh ngha gn ti ln h.
Define Load Case
Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

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Hnh 5-2 Define Load Case.
Mi khi khai bo mt Load Pattern chng trnh s t ng khai bo mt Load Case

tng ng cng tn phn tch tnh tuyn tnh.
Nhn Modify/Show Load Case iu chnh
Hnh 5-3 Modify/Show Load Case
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5.2.1. Phn tch tnh v ng lc hc.
a. Static : Phn tch tnh
Mt phn tch tnh c gi thit rng ch c lc lin quan n cng l quan trng.
Nu ti l hng s trong mt khong thi gian tng i di th chn phn tch tnh cn
khng chn phn tch ng lc hc Modal
Thng thng nu tn s kch thch nh hn 1/3 tn s ring nh nht ca kt cu th c
th chp nhn phn tch tnh.
b. Modal : Phn tch ng lc hc.
Phn tch chu k dao ng v dng dao ng.
Thng s phi tnh n lc qun tnh v lc cn nu ti p t thay i theo thi
gian.V vy c th dng tnh cht ph thuc thi gian ca ti chn gia phn tch tnh
v phn tch ng.
5.2.2. Phn tch tuyn tnh v phi tuyn.
Hnh 5-4 Analysis Type.
a. Phn tch tuyn tnh Linear.

Mt phn tch tuyn tnh vi gi thit rng ti p t vo lm thay i khng ng k
n cng ca kt cu .Cc du hiu in hnh :
Chuyn v nh ;
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Bin dng v ng sut nm trong min n hi.
Tip xc gia hai vt th.
b. Phn tch phi tuyn Nonlinear.
Mt phn tch phi tuyn l cn thit nu ti trng lm thay i cng ca kt cu.Cc
nguyn nhn c bn dn n s thay i cng ca kt cu :
Bin dng ra khi vng n hi;
Chuyn v ln ,v d nh ti p t trn nh thp vin thng.
Tip xc gia hai vt th.
5.3. nh ngha t hp ti trng Load Combination.
Define > Load Combination
Hnh 5-5 Hp thoi Add New Combo
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Hnh 5-6 Hp thoi Load Combination Data.
V d :
Chuyn v tnh ton c do TT l 3.5
Chuyn v tnh ton c do ti trng ng t EQ l 2.0
ADDCOMBO : Ln nht = 3.5+2.0=5.5
Nh nht = 3.5-2.0=1.5
ENVECOMBO : Ln nht = Max(3.5;2.0)=3.5
Nh nht =Min(3.5;2.0)=2.0
5.4. Gn ti chi tit cho cc phng n ti nh ngha :
SAP 2000 quan im mt phng n cht ti c phn loi thnh ti trng vo nt v
ti trng vo phn t.
5.4.1. Ti trng vo nt.
a. Ti trng tp trung nt.
Mt nt c 6 tp= Fx,y,z; Mx,y,z. Du Fx,y,z=trc, Mx,y,z= ngc chiu kim ng
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h.
Khai bo
Chn nt
Hnh 5-7 Asign Joint Load
Nhp cc gi tr lc v mmen tp trung theo cc phng, ch du ca ti

trng
Hnh 5-8 Gn phng v ln ti trng
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b. Xem ti trng:
Nu lc tp trung t trng phng vi iu kin bin ca nt th ch gy ra phn

lc nt.
c. Chuyn v cng bc (Joint Displacement)
Mt nt c 6 tp. 3tp= Ux,y,z; 3tp=Rx,y,z. Du U=trc, R= ngc chiu kim ng
h. n v: U=chiu di, R=Radian
Khai bo
Chn nt
Nhp gi tr chuyn v cng bc.
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Hnh 5-9 Gn chuyn v nn.
5.4.2. Ti trng trn thanh.
Hnh 5-10 Nhng loi ti thng gp
Trong mi mt trng hp ti trng th mt Frame c th gn cc dng ti trng:

Uniform: u, Trapezoidal: Hnh thang, Point Load: Tp trung, Ti trng trng
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lc(Gravity, thng khng dng).

y ang xt cho mt trng hp ti trng nn trong qu trnh khai bo la chn
Load Case Name (Tn trng hp ti trng) mc nh chn trng hp ti trng
c tn l Load1. Sau ny khi gn cho trng hp ti trng khc th nht thit u
tin phi chn tn trng hp ti trng cn gn.
a. Uniform load (Span Load)
Chn Frame
Nhp Uniform Load
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b. Xem ti trng trn thanh.
a. Ti trng tp trung trn thanh.

S im t ti tp trung l khng hn ch tuy nhin mi ln gn nhiu nht ch c
4 im t ti tp trung (1 im t ti tp trung c th c nhiu thnh phn lc
tp trung theo cc phng v khc nhau)
Khai bo:
Chn Frame
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Gn phng v ln ti :
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b. Ti trng phn b khng u.
Bn cht l ti trng phn b c gi tr thay i. S im thay i khng hn
ch. Nhng mi ln gn ch cho php khai bo bn im thay i.
Khai bo:
Chn Frame
Nhp v tr hng Distance v ln hng Load
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SAP 2000 b qua nhng c gi tr khong cch nh hn khong cch cc trc

.
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Bng 5-1 V d ti trng phn b khng u.
5.4.3. Ti trng trn tm.

a. Ti trng phn b trn tm
Ti trng phn b theo phng bt k. S t ti mt phng trung bnh ca tm
Khai bo
Chn Shell
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Nu ti trng vung gc vi mt phng trung bnh ca tm th chn Direction

l trc 3 trong cc bi ton phc tp nh b tr trn xoay.
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BI 6 : GI TA V MT S KHAI BO KHC.
6.1. Gn iu chnh gi ta l tng.
Thng thng khi sinh ra kt cu,SAP gn lun gi ta c nh.
Bc 1 : Xung cao Base chn ton b nt.
Bc 2 : Vo Assign > Joint> Restrains.
Hnh 6-1 Ca s Joint Restraints.
Quay gi :
Cc gi l tng mc nh theo chiu ca h ta tng th thng ng,trong thc tin
gi c v tr bt k.iu chnh gi nh sau :
o
Bc 1 : Chn gi cn quay
o
Bc 2 : Asign > Joint > Local Axes > Vo gc quay theo trc.
6.2. Gn iu chnh cc gi ta l xo
cng khc v cng khi ti lin kt c chuyn v khc 0
Bc 1 : Chn nt
Bc 2 : Assign > Joint > Spring

Translation 1,2,3= K(X,Y,Z)= Nhp gi tr Lc/chiu di.
Rotation 1,2,3= Kr(X,Y,Z)= Nhp gi tr Moment/Rad.
Thng cc bi ton kt cu khng phi nhp gi tr Rotation. Gi tr Translation
c th hiu l cng l xo ca gi ta theo cc phng tng ng.
S dng tt trong bi ton trn nn n hi.
Add: Cng i s
Replace: Thay ton b gi tr mi
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Delete: Xo ton b gi tr gn.

6.3. Quay h ta cc b ca thanh v tm.
6.3.1. Quay h ta cc b ca thanh
Hnh 6-2 Xoay h ta ca thanh.
Dng quay tit din hoc i chiu ca h cc b

Chn thanh cn iu chnh
Assign > Frame > Local Axes
Hnh 6-4 Frame Local Axis
6.3.2. Quay h ta ca tm.

Dng i chiu ca h a phng hoc quay h a
phng mt gc
Chn tm cn iu chnh
Assign > Area > Local Axes
Hnh 6-3 Xoay tm.
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Hnh 6-5 Area Local Axis.
6.4. Vo cc lin kt c bit 2 u thanh( gii phng thnh phn lc)

Mc nh l cc thanh 2 u nt cng (continous) hoc 2 u khp (pinned)
Chn thanh
Assign > Frame > Frame Release/Partial Fixity > gii phng thnh phn lc no
th nhn vo box tng ng; v ng vi nt u (start) hoc nt cui
(end).Thng l gii phng M3=0
Nu mun loi b khp : lm tng t nhng chn ngc li.
Hnh 6-6 Assign Frame Releases
6.5. iu chnh nhp tnh ton.

Mun SAP 2000 bo co kt qu ni lc ti mp kt cu(nhp thng thy tc l
kt qu s st thc hn; li cho b tr ct thp)
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End offset : gim chiu di tnh ton ca thanh bng cch tr i vng giao nhau
ca cc frame ti ntMc nh SAP 2000 khng xt EndOffset.
Nu xt n EndOffset khi chiu di tnh ton c tnh bng h s Lf
Hnh 6-7 Frame Offset
Lc=L-(Ioff+Joff)
Lf= L-Rigid(Ioff+Joff)
L = chiu di ca Frame tnh theo nt
Lc= chiu di thng thy ca frame
Ioff v Joff : chiu di vng cng ti u I v J ca Frame
Rigid : H s gim vng cng.
Sap = 0.5
Lf= Chiu di tnh ton ca Frame khi xt n EndOffset
Chn thanh
Assign > Frame > EndOffset
Ch Auto l ngm nh t ng s bo co ti mp.
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Hnh 6-8 Frame End Length Offsets
6.6. iu chnh s mt ct tnh ton.

Chn thanh
Assign > Frame > Output Station
Hnh 6-9 Output Station
6.7. T ng chia thanh (Automatic Mesh Frame).

Chn thanh.
Assign > Frame > Automatic Frame Mesh
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Hnh 6-10 Automa tic Frame Mesh.
Hnh 6-11 Assign Automatic Frame Mesh.
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Hnh 6-12 No Automatic Meshing.
Hnh 6-13 Auto Mesh Frame.
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BI 7 : C KT QU NI LC THANH TM IN
7.1. c kt qu bng ha
S dng ch yu: toolbar
Deformed shape: S bin dng
Reaction v Spring Force
F: Frame: Chn loi ni lc (Axial, Shear, Moment..)
S: Shell: ng sut hoc Ni lc (Phn b trn chiu di)
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7.1.1. Xem chuyn v (Displacement)

Display > Show Deformed Shape
Click
Set Default 3D View xem bin dng trong khng gian 3D
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xem 3D nng cao c th vo View > Set 3D View
a. Xem hot hnh

Bin dng c th xut di dng hot hnh bng cch click vo Start Animation
Tc hot hnh c th iu chnh bng mi tn
b. Xut Video
File > Creat Video > Creat Cyclic Animation Video
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Hnh 7-1 Hp thoi Animation Video File Creation.
7.1.2. Xem ni lc thanh.

Display > Show Forces/Stresses > Frame/Cables
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Hnh 7-2 Member Force Diagram
C th xem ni lc ca tng thanh bng cch click chut phi vo thanh.
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Hnh 7-3 Diagrm For Frame Object.
7.1.3. Xem phn lc Reaction.

Display > Show Forces/Stresses > Joints
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Hnh 7-4 Joint Reaction Forces.
C th xem ni lc chi tit ca tng nt bng cch click chut phi vo nt
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Hnh 7-5 Joint Reaction
7.2. Xem kt qu phn tch dng bng.

Display > Show Tables
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Hnh 7-6 Choose Table for Display
Chn xem kt qu bng drop-down.
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Hnh 7-7 Element Forces-Frames.
7.3. In kt qu tnh ton

S dng file *.out (File in ton b phn t)
Menu File\Print Output Table (Print to file): Thng dng in mt s phn
t. Thng in dm ring, ct ring.
La chn phn t, nn dng menu select chn section.
Menu File chn Print output table
Chn Print to file
Chn Selection Only
Chn Spread Format
Chn file name, chn file type *.*, nhp tn file <name>.xls, bm save(open)
Chn cc kiu in kt qu (Displacment, Frame force, Shell Force, Reaction)
chn trng hp ti tng ng.
Bm OK
M file va Output trong Excel, v dng Excel c kt qu.
Dng cc kiu lc v Sp xp trong Excel c kt qu cho nhanh: Data
Filter, Sort
C th in tng loi i tng, ti trng
In file di dng c s d liu (MDB Access): Nn dng
In ho
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Ch in: Nu in bng Lazer HP chn HPIII hoc HP6L PCL

Ct ho vo word:
Chuyn mn hnh sap v mt ca s (Chuyn mu mn hnh) (Menu Option).
Bm phm Print Screen.
M Microsoft Foto editor (Paint)
Menu Edit\Paste as new Image
Select
Menu Image\Crop ->Ok
Menu Edite -> Select All
Copy
- Word: Edit-> Paste Special-> Picture (tit kim b nh)
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BI 8 : THIT K KT CU.
8.1. Chn tiu chun thit k
Design > Concrete Frame Design > View/Revise Preferences
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Hnh 8-1 Chn tiu chun thit k.
8.2. Chn t hp thit k.

Thit k ct dng tt c cc t hp ngoi t hp bao
Thit k dm ch dng t hp bao
Design > Concrete Frame Design > Select Design Combos
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Hnh 8-2 Chn t hp thit k dm.
8.3. Chy thit k.

Design > Concrete Frame Design > Start Design/Check of Structure
8.4. Hin th kt qu thit k.

Design > Concrete Frame Design > Display Design Info
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C th xem chi tit kt qu thp ca thanh bng cch click chut phi vo thanh.
Hnh 8-3 Kt qu thit k chi tit ct b tng ct thp.
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PH LC : HNG DN CI T.
Bc 1 : Copy hai file SAP2000_V14_DVD.zip (file ci t) v
SAP2000_V14_Patcher_R2_By_eng_ghost.rar (file Crack) vo my tnh.
Lu : khng copy vo C trnh mt mt do li Windows hoc phn mm ng
bng cng.
Bc 2 : Gii nn hai file trn :
-Click chut phi v chn Extract Here.
Hnh 0-1 Hng dn gii nn file.
Bc 3 : Ci t chng trnh .
-Click p vo file Autorun.
Click vo Install SAP2000 V14..
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Chn Install ca Standalone Installation.
-Click nt Next
Chn I Acept v nhn Next
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Khai bo tn ngi dng v c quan cng tc sau nhn Next
Next,Next ri nhn Install i t pht cho n lc Finish.
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Bc 4 : Crack phn mm.

-Copy file vo folder ci t Sap 2000
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Tm folder ci t Sap 2000 bng cch click chut phi vo biu tng Sap 2000 chn
Properties
Nhn Find Target ( hoc File Location Folder) tm folder ci t
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Nhn Ctrl + V dn file crack
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Giao Trinh Sap2000 V14

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Giao Trinh Sap2000 V14

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2012

GIO TRNH SAP 2000 V14.0.0

SAP 200 V14.0.0 Cng c c bn

PHN I : CNG C C BN CA SAP 2000 V14

SAP 200 V14.0.0 Cng c c bn

SAP 200 V14.0.0 Cng c c bn

SAP 200 V14.0.0 Cng c c bn

Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

SAP 200 V14.0.0 Cng c c bn

SAP 200 V14.0.0 Cng c c bn

SAP 200 V14.0.0 Cng c c bn

Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

SAP 200 V14.0.0 Cng c c bn

Used Static Load to Generate

Subspace Iteration - Dr.Jugen Bathe

New Program The Start of ADINA

New Linear Program for Personnal computers

CSI added Pre and Post Processing

Significant Modification and Documentation

Nonlinear Element-More Options-With Windows

Th ban du chng ch l cc chng trnh n l nh SolidSapchy trn cc

SAP 200 V14.0.0 Cng c c bn

Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

SAP 200 V14.0.0 Cng c c bn

Hnh 1-1 Cc kh nng phn tch ca SAP 2000

Cc phng n ti c th kt hp vi nhau.Mt kt cu c th c nhiu loi phn

SAP 200 V14.0.0 Cng c c bn

Lc (lbs, kip, N, kN, etc.),

Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

SAP 200 V14.0.0 Cng c c bn

1.3.2. n v gc o dng trong SAP 2000.

SAP 200 V14.0.0 Cng c c bn

Hnh 1-3 Mt bng li ca h ta vung gc v h ta tr.

Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

SAP 200 V14.0.0 Cng c c bn

Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

SAP 200 V14.0.0 Cng c c bn

Hnh 1-4 Gc xoay dng ca h ta mi.

Hnh 1-5 Trc ta a phng ca phn t thanh.

Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

SAP 200 V14.0.0 Cng c c bn

Hnh 1-6 Trc ta a phng ca phn t tm.

Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

SAP 200 V14.0.0 Cng c c bn

Hnh 1-7 Nguyn tc bn tay phi.

1.3.7. Bc t do ca nt (DOF Degree of Freedom)

SAP 200 V14.0.0 Cng c c bn

Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

SAP 200 V14.0.0 Cng c c bn

BI 2 : CNG C XY DNG HNH HC

Hnh 2-1 Ca s lm vic ca SAP 2000

2.2. Tnh nng v tc dng ca cc icon trong SAP 2000.

Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

SAP 200 V14.0.0 Cng c c bn

Chy phn tch m hnh

Rubber Zoom Band

Restore Full View

Zoom Out Step One

Xem m hnh trong mt phng

Xem m hnh trong mt phng

Xem m hnh trong mt phng

Ks.L Vn Duy ST : 0916028581

SAP 200 V14.0.0 Cng c c bn