Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ON VIT DNG
H NI - 2015
ii
LI CM N
Tc gi lun n xin trn trng cm n tp th lnh o v cc thy c gio
Trng i hc Kinh t quc dn, Khoa Kinh t hc, cn b Vin Sau i hc ca
trng. Tc gi c bit xin gi li cm n chn thnh v su sc nht ti tp th
gio vin hng dn PGS.TS. Phm Vn Minh v PGS.TS. T Trung Thnh
nhit tnh hng dn v ng h tc gi hon thnh lun n.
Tc gi xin cm n bn b, ng nghip v nhng ngi thn trong gia nh
lun ng h, to iu kin, chia s kh khn v lun ng vin tc gi trong sut
qu trnh hc tp v nghin cu hon thnh bn lun n ny.
iii
LI CAM OAN
Ti xin cam oan y l cng trnh nghin cu khoa hc ca ring c nhn
ti. Cc s liu, kt qu nu trong lun n ny l trung thc v cha tng c cng
b trong bt c cng trnh nghin cu no khc.
Tc gi
on Vit Dng
iv
MC LC
LI CM N ............................................................................................................ ii
LI CAM OAN ..................................................................................................... iii
DANH MC T VIT TT.................................................................................. vii
DANH MC CC BNG ........................................................................................ x
DANH MC CC TH .................................................................................... xi
DANH MC CC S ..................................................................................... xii
CHNG 1: M U............................................................................................ 1
1.1.
1.2.
1.4.
ng gp ca lun n..................................................................................... 7
1.5.
Kt cu ca lun n. ....................................................................................... 7
3.1.1. Qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ca h thng ngn hng .......................... 52
3.1.2. c im ca h thng ngn hng sau nm 2007 - 2008............................... 55
3.2.
Thc trng cu trc cnh tranh ngnh ngn hng Vit Nam. ................ 65
vi
4.2.
Nhm kin ngh i vi cc ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam .............. 118
vii
DANH MC T VIT TT
Tn vit tt
Tn ting Vit
ABBank
ACB
BIDV
DaiABank
DongABank
EIB
HabuBank
HDBank
KienLongBank
MBB
MDB
MHB
MSB
NamABank
NaviBank
OceanBank
OricomBank
PGBank
PNB
SacomBank
SaigonBank
viii
Tn vit tt
Tn ting Vit
SeaBank
SHB
TechcomBank
VIBank
VietABank
VietCapitalBank
VietcomBank
VietinBank
VPBank
WEB
CIEM
CONS
DEA
DRS
EPS
GDP
IRS
NHLD
NHNN
Ngn hng Nh nc
NHNNg
NHTM
NHTMCP
NHTMNN
NIM
ix
Tn vit tt
Tn ting Vit
NOM
OECD
PE
Hiu qu quy m.
ROA
ROE
SE
SFA
TCTD
T chc tn dng
TDND
Tn dng nhn dn
TE
TFP
TNHB
DANH MC CC BNG
Bng 3.1:
Bng 3.2:
Bng 3.3:
Bng 3.4:
Bng 3.5:
Bng 3.6:
Bng 3.7 :
Bng 3.8 :
Bng 3.9:
xi
DANH MC CC TH
th 3.1:
th 3.4:
th 3.5:
th 3.6:
th 3.7:
th 3.8:
th 3.9:
xii
DANH MC CC S
S 2.1 :
S 2.2:
S 2.3:
S 3.1:
CHNG 1: M U
1.1. Tnh cp thit ca ti
Tri qua hn 25 nm i mi, chng ta chng kin s thay i nhanh chng
ca h thng ngn hng Vit Nam, th hin l tr ct ca h thng ti chnh, gp
phn quan trng vo tng trng kinh t t nc. Tc ny c th hin thng
qua s lng, quy m vn v s lng sn phm, dch v ca cc ngn hng thng
mi tng ln nhanh chng. Cng vi s thay i l nhng ng gp quan trng
ca h thng ngn hng i vi nn kinh t. H thng ngn hng huy ng v
cung cp mt lng vn kh ln cho nn kinh t, c tnh d n tn dng vt trn
130% GDP, gn 50% vn u t ton x hi. Tc tng trng huy ng vn qua
cc nm mc 22 47% (Ng Xun Thanh, 2012). Tuy nhin, t nm 2008 khi
kinh t th gii ri vo cuc khng hong kinh t ti t nht t sau cuc i suy
thoi nm 1929 1933. Nn kinh t Vit Nam cng khng trnh khi b nh hng:
chu k kinh t thu hp bt u t qu I/2008 v ngy cng tr nn r rt vo cc qu
sau. Du hiu nn kinh t trong mt chu k thu hp c th hin di tc ng ca
chnh sch ti chnh, tin t tht cht, tc tng trng suy gim, gi c tng cao,
th trng chng khon suy gim, th trng bt ng sn m m. Lc ny vai tr
quan trng ca h thng ngn hng c th hin thng qua vic gp phn y li
v kim ch lm pht, tng bc duy tr s n nh ca ng tin v t gi, gp
phn ci thin kinh t v m, mi trng u t v pht trin sn xut kinh doanh.
C th ni, h thng ngn hng l cu ni gia cc thnh phn kinh t gip cho
dng vn lu thng, thc y s pht trin nn kinh t.
Tuy nhin, h thng ngn hng Vit Nam vn cn nhiu tn ti ng lo ngi
m c bit l nng lc qun tr doanh nghip khng theo kp tc pht trin
nhanh chng ca quy m, mng li, loi hnh sn phm, dch v ti chnh v mc
ri ro trong hot ng. NHTM cnh tranh thiu lnh mnh dn n s thiu tn
trng cc chnh sch, php lut trong hot ng ngn hng. V nng lc ti chnh
ca cc NHTMVN cn hn ch v hiu qu kinh doanh thp so vi cc ngn hng
trong khu vc v trn th gii. T nhng tn ti trn, nhn thy vn cp thit
t quc t th hin s cnh tranh ngy cng gia tng buc cc ngn hng thng mi
Vit Nam phi khng ngng i mi.
T nhng vn trn tc gi la chn ti L thuyt cu trc cnh tranh
ngnh vi vic nng cao nng lc cnh tranh ca cc ngn hng thng mi
Vit Nam hin nay vi mc tiu ng gp mt phn nh trong vic nghin cu
cu trc cnh tranh ngnh c nh hng nh th no ti hiu qu ti chnh, cng
nh nng lc cnh tranh ca cc ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam. Thng qua
nghin cu ny gip cc ngn hng thng mi c ci nhn tng quan nhm nng
cao nng lc cnh tranh tng kh nng cnh tranh trong mi trng kinh t m.
1.2.
ngn hng c th s dng nhiu cch tip cn khc nhau. Trong nghin cu ny, tc
gi phn tch nng lc cnh tranh bng hiu qu hot ng ca cc NHTMVN.
Hiu qu hot ng th hin vic ngn hng s dng cc kt hp u vo to
u ra hiu qu, tm ra cc nhn t v phn tch nh lng nh hng ca n n
hiu qu hot ng ny ca cc NHTM Vit Nam.
Phm vi nghin cu: Trong nhng bi nghin cu ca cc tc gi trc thng
tp trung nghin cu vo mt vi NHTMNN hoc cc ngn hng ln, do khng
phn nh mt cch y nng lc cnh tranh v hiu qu ti chnh ca h thng
NHTM Vit Nam. Trong khi , nhng nm va qua tc gia tng nhanh chng
ca cc NHTMCP tc ng mnh m n h thng ngn hng. Do , lm r
bc tranh ton cnh hot ng ca h thng NHTM Vit Nam, lun n s tp trung
nghin cu vo cc NHTMCP Vit Nam hot ng Vit Nam. Bn cnh , lun
n s m rng phm vi nghin cu th hin r 2 giai on pht trin ca h thng
ngn hng theo giai on pht trin kinh t.
T nm 2000 - 2007, y l thi k Vit Nam y nhanh qu trnh hi nhp
kinh t quc t, vi vai tr l cu ni ca cc thnh phn kinh t cc ngn hng y
nhanh qu trnh ci cch, s thnh lp ca cc ngn hng mi khng ngng gia tng
chun b cho s cnh tranh khi hi nhp.
Tuy nhin, t nm 2008 - 2012, mi trng v m khng my thun li tc
ng ti hot ng ca cc NHTM, lm pht gia tng (nm 2008 l 19,89%, nm
2011 l 18,58%, n nm 2012 cn 6,81%), cn cn thng mi thm ht ln, th
trng ti chnh trong nc v quc t din bin phc tp, li sut, t gi, gi vng
bin ng mnh... Trong giai on ny, nn kinh t trong nc chu tc ng tiu
cc ca cuc khng hong ti chnh v suy thoi kinh t ton cu, bn cnh vn
lm pht cao v suy gim tc tng trng kinh t trong nc. i vi h
thng ngn hng vi t cch l trung gian ti chnh nn cng chu s tc ng, mi
trng kinh doanh v hot ng gp nhiu kh khn lm cho cht lng tn dng
suy gim v n xu tng nhanh hn tc tng trng tn dng. Trong giai on
2008-2011, tc tng trng d n tn dng bnh qun 26,56% nhng tc tng
trng n xu bnh qun 51%, n nm 2012 tc tng trng d n tn dng t
1.4. ng gp ca lun n.
Lun n ny c ng gp c v mt l lun v thc tin. Da trn l thuyt
v cu trc cnh tranh ngnh, lun n xc nh cu trc ca ngnh ngn hng
Vit Nam. Bn cnh , lun n lm r c s l lun v nng lc cnh tranh v ch
ra mi quan h gia cu trc ngnh v nng lc cnh tranh ca cc ngn hng. Bng
vic xy dng th phn nh mi quan h gia c cu cnh tranh tc ng n
hiu qu hot ng ca cc ngn hng, lun n hnh thnh cc gi thuyt v mi
quan h gia cc nhn t trong cu trc cnh tranh ngnh ngn hng phn tch
thc trng hot ng ca cc ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam.
Trn c s l lun v cu trc cnh tranh ngnh v nng lc cnh tranh, lun
n phn tch thc trng v nh gi hiu qu hot ng ca cc ngn hng thng qua
phng php phn tch bao d liu (DEA), m hnh Tobit v phn tch bin ngu
nhin (SFA) ch ra cc nhn t nh hng ti hiu qu k thut, nhng im
mnh v yu ca cc NHTM Vit Nam. Ngoi ra vic quan st xu hng bin ng
hiu qu k thut, cng vi bng xp hng cc ngn hng gip cc nh qun l c ci
nhn tng quan v thc trng hiu qu k thut cng vi cc nhn t tc ng ti
hiu qu k thut ca cc ngn hng, t a ra k hoch nhm nng cao hiu qu
k thut v kh nng cnh tranh ca h thng NHTM Vit Nam.
Da trn kt qu nghin cu, lun n a ra cc kin ngh i vi Chnh ph
v NHNN nhm hon thin khung chnh sch v iu hnh h thng NHTM Vit
Nam. Bn cnh , di gc vi m, lun n s gip cc NHTM nng cao hiu
qu hot ng v nng lc cnh tranh trong giai on hi nhp kinh t quc t.
1.5. Kt cu ca lun n.
Chng 1: M u
Chng 2: Tng quan nghin cu v c s l lun
Chng 3: Thc trng cu trc cnh tranh ngnh ngn hng v nng lc cnh
tranh ca cc ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam.
Chng 4: Kin ngh nng cao nng lc cnh tranh ca cc ngn hng
thng mi Vit Nam
Phn kt lun
CHNG 2
TNG QUAN NGHIN CU V C S L LUN
2.1. Tng quan cc nghin cu
2.1.1. Tng quan cc nghin cu ti Vit Nam
Vi vai tr trung gian ti chnh, h thng ngn hng c bit quan trng i
vi kinh t mt quc gia. Chnh v vy, c rt nhiu cng trnh nghin cu lin quan
n nng lc cnh tranh ca cc ngn hng thng mi nh: nghin cu ca ng
Hu Mn nm 2010 v Nng cao nng lc cnh tranh ca cc ngn hng thng
mi Vit Nam, hay nghin cu cu Bi Tn nh nm 2007 v Nng cao nng
lc cnh tranh ca cc ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam khi Vit Nam chnh thc
gia nhp t chc thng mi th gii(WTO), hoc nghin cu ca Nguyn Qunh
Hoa (2007) v Nng cao nng lc cnh tranh ca cc ngn hng thng mi Vit
Nam trong qu trnh hi nhp kinh t quc t .Tuy nhin cc nghin cu trn ch
yu da trn phng php m t s liu t a ra cc nhn nh v thc trng
nng lc cnh tranh ca mt s ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam.
Bn cnh cng c nhiu nghin cu v hot ng ca h thng ngn hng
v cu trc th trng ca ngnh ngn hng. Tuy nhin, cn nhiu nghin cu vn
tip cn theo phng php truyn thng l nghin cu v mt nh tnh nh: nghin
cu ca L Dn (2004) [ 3 ], hay nghin cu ca Hong Xun Thnh (2007), hoc
nghin cu ca Phm Thanh Bnh (2005) [ 14 ]. Ni dung ch yu da vo cc ch s
ti chnh v s liu thng k phn tch v hot ng ca cc ngn hng ri t
a ra cc kin ngh. Hoc bi vit ca V Thnh Danh Phn tch hot ng kinh
doanh ca h thng ngn hng thng mi c phn Vit Nam nm 2008 s dng
phng php phn tch hiu qu truyn thng da trn phn tch cc ch s ti chnh.
Trong giai on gn y bt u xut hin nhng cng trnh nghin cu v
mt nh lng d khng phi l nhiu nh: Nguyn Th Vit Anh (2004) [10]
nghin cu v ngn hng Nng nghip v pht trin nng thn Vit Nam bng
10
11
12
Chen v Yeh (2000) nghin cu cc ngn hng i Loan v Gilbert and Wilson
(2000) nghin cu cc ngn hng Hn Quc cng s dng cc phng php
tng t. Chen & Pan (2012) iu tra trn 34 ngn hng thng mi i Loan
giai on 2005 2008, da trn cc thng s ri ro tn dng vi phng php tip
cn bao d liu. Nghin cu s dng gi tr trung bnh ri ro tn dng (hiu qu k
thut CR-TE) ti mi ngn hng kt hp vi ch s thu nhp trn mi c phiu
(EPS) phn loi cc NHTM thnh 4 nhm. Liu et.al (2007) s dng phng php
DEA vi ng bin hiu qu v ng bin phi hiu qu kt hp phng php
TOPSIS nhm a ra cch xp hng da trn cc tiu ch ny. Nghin cu p
dng cc phng php ny cho xp hng 15 cng ty trong top 500 cng ty ton cu.
T nhng nghin cu ca cc tc gi i trc, c th thy cc nghin cu v
ti Vit Nam thng tch bit gia nng lc cnh tranh v hiu qu hot ng ca
cc ngn hng thng mi. Trong khi cc nghin cu nc ngoi s dng
nhiu cng c v mt nh lng s lm tin kt hp gia cc nghin cu
trong v ngoi nc tm ra cc bin ph hp vi mi trng hot ng ca cc ngn
hng ti Vit Nam.
13
14
gm: tin giy trong lu thng (M0), s d trn ti khon tin gi giao dch ca khch
hng ti ngn hng, tin gi trn ti khon tin gi tit kim v tin gi c k hn
Khi ngn hng cho vay, s d trn ti khon tin gi thanh ton ca khch hng tng
ln, khch hng c th dng mua hng ha v dch v. Do , bng vic cho vay
(hay to tn dng), cc ngn hng to ra phng tin thanh ton (tham gia to ra M1).
Ton b h thng ngn hng cng to phng tin thanh ton khi cc khon tin gi
c m rng t ngn hng ny n ngn hng khc trn c s cho vay.
Trung gian thanh ton: Ngn hng tr thnh trung gian trong thanh ton ln
nht hu ht cc quc gia hin nay. Thay mt khch hng, ngn hng thc hin
thanh ton gi tr hng ha v dch v. vic thanh ton nhanh chng, thun tin
v tit kim chi ph, ngn hng a ra cho khch hng nhiu hnh thc thanh ton
nh thanh ton bng sc, y nhim chi, nh thu, cc loi thcung cp mng li
thanh ton in t, kt ni cc qu v cung cp tin giy khi khch hng cn. Cc
ngn hng cn thanh ton b tr vi nhau thng qua ngn hng Trung ng hoc
thng qua cc trung tm thanh ton. Nhiu hnh thc thanh ton c chun ha
gp phn to tnh thng nht trong thanh ton khng ch gia cc ngn hng trong
mt quc gia m cn gia cc ngn hng trn ton th gii. Cc trung tm thanh
ton quc t c thit lp lm tng hiu qu ca thanh ton qua ngn hng, bin
ngn hng tr thnh trung tm thanh ton quan trng v c hiu qu. [15, tr.15-16]
15
Sc mnh ca
ngi cung ng
(Khch hng
gi tin)
Sc mnh ca
ngi mua
(Khch hng
vay tin)
Cc sn phm thay th
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S tp trung ca ngi mua v dung lng ca ngi mua: ngi mua cng
tp trung m mua dung lng cng ln th s c kh nng chu nhiu hn.
Chi ph chuyn ca ngi mua: chi ph cng cao th ngi mua s t kh nng
chu hn v h s cng vic kinh doanh ca h ni khc s c tin cy
thp hn.
21
22
23
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t. Theo M. Porter (1990), nng sut lao ng l thc o duy nht v nng lc cnh
tranh. Tuy nhin, cc quan nim ny cha gn vi vic thc hin cc mc tiu v
nhim v ca doanh nghip.
Bn l, nng lc cnh tranh ng ngha vi duy tr v nng cao li th cnh
tranh. Chng hn, tc gi V Trng Lm (2006) cho rng: nng lc cnh tranh ca
doanh nghip l kh nng to dng, duy tr, s dng v sng to mi cc li th
cnh tranh ca doanh nghip, tc gi Trn Su (2006) cng c kin tng t: nng
lc cnh tranh ca doanh nghip l kh nng to ra li th cnh tranh, c kh nng
to ra nng sut v cht lng cao hn i th cnh tranh, chim lnh th phn ln,
to ra thu nhp cao v pht trin bn vng.
Theo quan im tng hp cnh tranh l qu trnh kinh t m trong cc ch
th kinh t ganh ua nhau, tm mi bin php t mc tiu kinh t ch yu ca
mnh nh chim lnh th trng, ginh ly khch hng cng nh m bo tiu th c
li nht nhm nng cao v th ca mnh.
Nng lc cnh tranh c th chia thnh nhiu cp cnh tranh khc nhau
Nng lc cnh tranh quc gia: Nng lc cnh tranh quc gia c th hiu l li
th cnh tranh quc gia. Nhn chung nng lc cnh tranh quc gia cp n s tng
trng kinh t quc gia, c s bn vng, n nh kinh t, nng cao v thu nhp, i
sng dn c nc .
Trong qu trnh nghin cu tc gi nghin cu v c bn vn nng lc
cnh tranh gia cc quc gia lm tin nghin cu nng lc cnh tranh ca
nghnh v doanh nghip trong giai on hi nhp kinh t th gii.
Nng lc cnh tranh cp ngnh/ doanh nghip: Nng lc cnh tranh ca
ngnh/doanh nghip c nh ngha l kh nng b p chi ph, duy tr li nhun v
c o bng th phn ca sn phm v dch v trn th trng.
xc nh nng lc cnh tranh ca ngnh/doanh nghip c th s dng mt s
k thut phn tch kh nng cnh tranh nh sau: Phn tch kh nng cnh tranh trn
c s nh gi li th so snh v chi ph, Phn tch kh nng cnh tranh theo m hnh
BCG, Phn tch kh nng cnh tranh theo ma trn GE-McKinsey
25
26
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nhng cng c marketing khc. N cng t c thng qua vic nng cao cht
lng sn phm m s sng to sn phm l nhng kha cnh rt quan trng ca
qu trnh cnh tranh.
Cc yu t to nn nng lc cnh tranh ca doanh nghip. Tng hp cc
trng phi l thuyt, trn c s quan nim nng lc cnh tranh ca doanh nghip l
kh nng b p chi ph, duy tr li nhun v c o bng th phn ca sn phm
v dch v trn th trng, th nng lc cnh tranh ca doanh nghip c th c xc
nh trn 4 nhm yu t sau:
Cht lng, kh nng cung ng, mc chuyn mn ha cc u vo. Cc
ngnh sn xut v dch v tr gip cho doanh nghip. Yu cu ca khch hng v
cht lng sn phm, dch v. V th ca doanh nghip so vi i th cnh tranh
Theo Michael Porter th nng lc cnh tranh ca doanh nghip gm 4 yu t:
a. Cc yu t bn thn doanh nghip: Bao gm cc yu t v con ngi (cht
lng, k nng); cc yu t v trnh (khoa hc k thut, kinh nghim th trng);
cc yu t v vn cc yu t ny chia lm 2 loi:
Loi 1: cc yu t c bn nh: mi trng t nhin, a l, lao ng;
Loi 2: cc yu t nng cao nh: thng tin, lao ng trnh cao
Trong , yu t th 2 c ngha quyt nh n nng lc cnh tranh ca
doanh nghip. Chng quyt nh li th cnh tranh cao v nhng cng ngh c
tnh c quyn. Trong di hn th y l yu t c tnh quyt nh phi c u t
mt cch y v ng mc.
b. Nhu cu ca khch hng: y l yu t c tc ng rt ln n s pht trin
ca doanh nghip. Thc t cho thy, khng mt doanh nghip no c kh nng tha
mn y tt c nhng yu cu ca khch hng. Thng th doanh nghip c li
th v mt ny th c hn ch v mt khc. Vn c bn l, doanh nghip phi
nhn bit c iu ny v c gng pht huy tt nht nhng im mnh m mnh
ang c p ng tt nht nhng i hi ca khch hng. Thng qua nhu cu ca
khch hng, doanh nghip c th tn dng c li th theo quy m, t ci thin
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n: s doanh nghip
Trong si l th phn ca doanh nghip ln th i trong ngnh; n = 3 hoc 5 ty
trng hp cn xc nh CR3 hay CR5.
Ch s HHI c 2 cch tnh:
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Nhm ch s phn nh thu nhp, chi ph: Phn chnh lch gia doanh thu v
chi ph ca ngn hng phn nh li nhun ca mt ngn hng. Do , vic xem xt
cc ch s ny c th nhn bit c hiu qu hot ng v nng sut lao ng.
Tng chi ph hot ng/ tng thu t hot ng: l mt thc o phn nh mi
quan h gia u vo v u ra hay chnh l s phn nh kh nng b p chi ph
trong hot ng ngn hng.
Nng sut lao ng (thu nhp hot ng/S nhn vin lao ng thi gian)
phn nh hiu qu s dng lao ng ca ngn hng.
Tng thu hot ng/tng ti sn: phn nh hiu qu s dng ti sn. Nu
h s ny ln phn nh ngn hng s dng ti sn hp l trong vic nng cao
li nhun.
Nhm ch tiu phn nh ri ro ti chnh: Trong giai on nn kinh t c
nhiu bin ng nh hin nay, cc ngn hng ngy mt ch trng n nhm ch tiu
ny nng cao hiu qu hot ng phng nga ri ro.
T l n xu ( n xu/tng cho vay v cho thu): ch tiu ny phn nh cht
lng tn dng, ch tiu ny cng b th hin cht lng tn dng cng cao.
T l cho vay ( cho vay rng/tng ti sn): phn nh phn ti sn c c
phn b vo nhng loi ti sn c thanh khon km. Vy vic tng cng s dng
vn vay c th gy ra ri ro thanh khon nu vic rt tin tng v cht lng khon
vay gim.
T l n by ti chnh (tng ti sn/tng vn ch s hu): phn nh bao
nhiu ng gi tr ti sn c to trn c s 1 ng vn ch s hu v ngn hng
da trn ngun vay n l bao nhiu.
Tng d n/vn huy ng: phn nh hiu qu u t ca mt ng vn huy
ng ngn hng.
Vn huy ng/ vn t c: phn nh kh nng v quy m thu ht vn t nn
kinh t.
Nh vy, phn tch hot ng kinh doanh ca mt ngn hng, c th s
dng cc ch tiu trn.Tuy nhin, cc ch tiu trn c xc nh ch yu da trn
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2.3.4.4. Th phn.
Khi nim th phn bao gm c v th th trng ca mt doanh nghip cng
nh quy m tng i ca n. Th phn c th th hin c s thm nhp hoc
quyn lm ch th trng ca mt doanh nghip (Jacobson & Aaker, 1985). Mt
cch gin tip, n c th bao hm mc ph bin, s cng nhn, kh nng phn
phi hoc thm ch c nhn thc v cht lng ca mt doanh nghip (Smallwood
& Conlisk, 1979; Jacobson, 1988, Aaker, 1996). Th phn cng chuyn tn hiu v
quy m ca mt doanh nghip n cc i th cnh tranh tim nng, cc phn khc
hoc ton th th trng. Th phn c nh ngha chung l t l hot ng ca mt
doanh nghip (da trn doanh thu, n v, khi lng, t l nhn vin ...) trn tng
hot ng ca th trng (Bain, 1951; Gale, 1972; Scherer, 1974).
Ni chung, th phn ca mt doanh nghip c gi nh l c nh hng
n hiu qu ti chnh trong hot ng ca doanh nghip (Kholi, Venkatraman,
& Grant, 1990). Tuy nhin, thi gian gn y ni ln ba lung quan im khc nhau
v mi quan h gia th phn v hiu qu hot ng ca doanh nghip m Saghafi
(1987) gi l 'Cp tin, n ha v Bo th'. Phe 'Cp tin' cho rng th phn l
cha kha dn n hiu qu kinh t cao (Rumelt & Wensley, 1981; Buzzell, Gale &
Sultan, 1975; Wagner, 1984; Gale, 1972; Shepherd, 1972; Buzzell & Gale, 1987).
Phe 'n ha' tha nhn tm quan trng ca th phn cao n hiu qu hot ng,
nhng khng nh gi thp nh hng ca cc yu t khc (Schmalensee, 1986;
Rumelt, 1991). Mann (1966) v Hall v Weiss (1967) cho rng hng ro gia nhp l
yu t quan trng hn th phn i vi hiu qu hot ng trong mt s tnh hung
nht nh. Phe 'Bo th' c cch nhn hon ton tri ngc v mi quan h ny. H
cho rng rng th phn ch l mt yu t nh hoc khng ng k nh hng n
46
hiu qu hot ng ca doanh nghip (Fruhan, 1972, Jacobson & Aaker, 1985;
Jacobson, 1988; Jacobson, 1990).
Quan im ng h cho mi quan h cng chiu gia th phn hiu qu ti
chnh (MS-FP): Mt s tc gi ca trng phi cp tin bng nghin cu thc
nghim thit lp c mt mi quan h MS-FP mnh. Shepherd (1972) kim tra
mt s nhn t ca cu trc th trng, s dng mt mu 410 doanh nghip t 23
ngnh khc nhau t 1960 n 1969. ng kt lun rng th phn l nhn t trung tm
nh hng n hiu qu hot ng ca doanh nghip.
Mt trong nhng nh gi ton din nht lin quan n th phn, cu trc th
trng v hiu qu hot ng l nh gi ca Szymanski, Bharadwaj v
Varadarajan (1993). Cc tc gi ny thc hin mt phn tch tng hp (metaanalysis) cc nghin cu trong cc lnh vc kinh t t chc, th trng, qun l
chin lc i n kt lun rng, nhn chung, th phn c tc ng cng chiu n
hiu qu hot ng ca hu ht cc ngnh, tuy nhin mi quan h khng tng
qut. H cng thy rng cc nhn t ca cu trc th trng nh nh hng ro gia
nhp, tng trng v cnh tranh, thc s nh hng n c th phn v hiu qu
hot ng nhng cc mc khc nhau.
L do gii thch mi lin h cng chiu gia MS-FP l th phn cao hn
gip cho cc doanh nghip c sc mnh th trng thu c li nhun cao hn t
khch hng v tn dng cc loi hiu qu khc nhau cng nh t c tnh kinh
t theo quy m v gim chi ph hot ng. Martin (1988) kim nh thc nghim
c s gii thch bng hiu qu ln sc mnh th trng cho mi quan h th phn-li
nhun. Kt qu kim nh ng h c hai gi thuyt ny, n cho thy cc gi
thuyt b sung cho nhau hn l loi tr.
Quan im phn i mi quan h cng chiu ca MS-FP: Gn y, rt nhiu
nh nghin cu cho rng c th khng c mi quan h nhn qu gia th phn v li
nhun (Gale, 1972; Woo, 1983). Fruhan (1972) ch ra rng, trong di hn, vic duy
tr th phn cao mu thun vi l thuyt kinh t c in (Baumol, 1967), trong
cho rng cc doanh nghip, cc quy trnh hay cc sn phm thnh cng c xu hng
47
48
49
50
Gi thuyt 10: Khi th phn tng ln, hiu qu ti chnh ca doanh nghip cng s
tng ln.
Cc mi quan h gi thuyt ny s c kim nh da trn s liu hot ng
thc t ca cc ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam trong. Ni dung c bn ca m
hnh c trnh by tm tt trong S 3.2.
Vic kim nh mi quan h gia cc nhn t trong m hnh nhm xem xt
hiu qu k thut ca cc ngn hng. Bn cnh , cn ch ra mi tng tc gia
cc bin trong m hnh c th nhn nh xu hng bin ng nhm nng cao
nng lc cnh tranh to hiu qu hot ng ca cc ngn hng thng mi.
(5) (-)
Cnh tranh
(6)
(-)
(1) (-)
(3) (+)
(+)
Ro cn gia
nhp
(2) (+)
(4)
(8) (+)
Tc tng
trng
(+)
(9)
(+)
(7) (-)
Th phn
(10) (+)
Hiu qu ti
chnh
Ghi ch:
(+/-): Mi quan h cng chiu/ngc chiu gia cc thnh t
51
CHNG 3
THC TRNG CU TRC CNH TRANH NGNH
NGN HNG V NNG LC CNH TRANH CA
CC NGN HNG THNG MI VIT NAM
n thi im nm 2012 kinh t th gii vn tip tc i mt vi nhiu kh
khn do cuc khng hong n cng Chu u, suy thoi ko di ca c nn kinh t
cc quc gia pht trin v mi ni cng nh bt n chnh tr ca nhiu nc.
Trong bi cnh nn kinh t ton cu c nhiu xo trn, nn kinh t Vit Nam
khng t c mt s ch tiu kinh t v m theo k hoch: GDP t khong
5,14%, mc thp nht k t nm 2000; t l thm ht ngn sch cao hn con s k
hoch 4,8%; t l tht nghip, hng tn kho tng cao v ngnh ngn hng cng
khng phi l mt ngoi l. Vi vai tr l trung gian ti chnh m bo cho nn
kinh t mt quc gia hot ng mt cch nhp nhng, trong bi cnh kinh t nh
hin nay, hiu qu hot ng ca ngn hng khng ch nh hng ti chnh h
thng ngn hng m cn tc ng ti nhiu ngnh ngh khc ca nn kinh t. Do
, theo n c cu li h thng t chc tn dng theo quyt nh s 254/Q
TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph, cc ngn hng phi khng ngng i mi nng
cao nng lc ca mnh gp phn pht trin ca ton b nn kinh t. Vic nh gi
hot ng ca cc ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam trong thi gian qua s gip
chng ta thy c nhng tn ti hoch nh chnh sch v qun tr ngn hng
mt cch hiu qu hn. Chng ny s nh gi tng quan chung v ngnh ngn
hng Vit Nam, phn tch cu trc cnh tranh ca ngnh thng qua m hnh 5 lc
lng cnh tranh ca Michael Porter v sau , nh lng mi quan h gia cu
trc cnh tranh ca ngnh n nng lc cnh tranh ca cc NHTM (thng qua cc
bin s o lng hiu qu).
52
53
trin lu di ca h thng ngn hng Vit Nam trong tin trnh i mi. V c bn
h thng ngn hng theo php lnh nm 1990 tho b c tnh c quyn Nh
nc trong lnh vc hot ng ngn hng bng cch cho php thnh lp cc ngn
hng thng mi theo nhiu loi hnh s hu khc nhau. Bn cnh , vic cho lp
cc ngn hng lin doanh v chi nhnh ngn hng nc ngoi thu ht c vn
u t, i mi cng ngh trong lnh vc ngn hng v thc y qu trnh cnh
tranh trong ton h thng. Sau khi gia nhp T chc thng mi th gii (WTO)
vo nm 2007, h thng ngn hng Vit Nam c iu chnh theo xu hng
chung ca th gii, cc ngn hng 100% vn nc ngoi c php thnh lp. C
th khi qut h thng cc t chc tn dng theo s sau:
H thng TCTD
Ngn hng
6 Ngn hng TM NN
Cng ty ti chnh
Qu TDND
T chc TC quy m nh
54
39
37
37
34
34
40
40
35
26
27
31
31
41
39
49
50
55
56
57
58
59
60
ng vn. Mc d vy ROE ca nhiu ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam cng cha
phi l cao th hin kh nng s dng vn vay ca nhiu ngn hng cn hn ch.
Bn cnh cng c th thy khi khng hong kinh t xy ra vi chiu hng ngy
cng xu ca nn kinh t th cc ngn hng vp phi rt nhiu cn tr t nh
hng ti hiu qu ti chnh.
Tnh hnh n xu: Tnh hnh n xu ca cc ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam
ngy cng nng bng, t nh hng tiu cc n vic lu thng dng vn vo
nn kinh t, nh hng tiu cc ti cc t chc tn dng v cc doanh nghip. th
3.6 cho thy n xu ca NHTM Vit Nam t nm 2005 n 2012 c nhiu bin
ng. Sau khi thc hin phn loi n theo quyt nh 493/2005/Q NHNN c th
thy tng n xu c xu hng tng ln. Trong 3 nm t 2005 n 2007 tng n xu
bin ng khng nhiu, tuy nhin bc sang nm 2008 k t sau cuc khng hong
kinh t tc tng n xu l tng i nhanh. Tnh n nm 2012 theo cng b ca
NHNN tng n xu ca cc NHTM Vit Nam l 185.205 t ng, tng ng t l
n xu/ tng d n l 6%. Tuy nhin, theo y ban gim st ti chnh quc gia a
ra t l n xu l 11,8% tng ng 270.000 t ng. Mt trong nhng nguyn
nhn quan trng khin tnh hnh n xu ngy mt gia tng l do mt s nguyn nhn
trong vic cp tn dng: giai on 2007 -2010 chng kin s bng n ca th trng
bt ng sn v chng khon, cc d n u t v bt ng sn u t t bt chp
s mt cn bng cung cu trn th trng. Thm vo , i vi ti sn m bo ch
yu l bt ng sn khi th trng st gim dn n gi tr ti sn m bo gim,
cng vi hng tn kho gia tng gy n xu tng theo. Cng vi cuc khng hong
ti chnh ton cu din ra tc ng ti nn kinh t ca quc gia v cc doanh
nghip ni ti, t nh hng ti hot ng sn xut kinh doanh v tiu th sn
phm trn th trng.
61
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Tng n xu
17.511
17.207
18.046
26.970
35.875
49.064
85.967
185.205
Tng d n
550.673
693.834
1.061.551
1.242.857
1.750.000
2.271.500
2.504.911
3.086.750
3,18
2,48
1,70
2,17
2,05
2,16
3,3
6,0
T l n xu/
tng d n
62
3.2.1. C ch v th ch cn nhiu hn ch
Ngn hng Nh nc vi vai tr l ngn hng ng u trong h thng ngn
hng Vit Nam. iu ny th hin vai tr to ln trong vic kch thch, kim sot
ton b h thng ngn hng. Nhng vai tr ca Ngn hng Nh nc cha thc s
mnh thc hin chc nng, nhim v ca mnh. Hay ni cch khc NHNN
cha c c tnh c lp trong mi quan h vi Chnh ph c c v th trong
xy dng v vn hnh chnh sch tin t mt cch hiu qu, cng nh khng m
bo thc hin c mt s chnh sch vi ngn hng thng mi.
Vn tn ti ca cc ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam trong giai on va
qua l tnh hnh n xu mc cao nh hng ti hot ng ca ton h thng.
tho g vn n xu ngoi nhng cng c h tr cn thit phi xem xt cc th
ch c tnh rng buc tho g cc ro cn tm kim cc ngun lc t bn ngoi.
Theo quyt nh s 88/2009/Q Ttg ban hnh km Quy ch gp vn th nhng
khng ch v mc s hu 30% c phn i vi nh u t ngoi c xa b
theo cam kt vi t chc thng mi th gii nhng vn cn ngoi l i vi mt s
trng hp. Tuy nhin, c th thy mc khng ch ny cn hn ch nhiu cc
ngun vn ngoi trong giai on cc t chc tn dng Vit Nam ang cn vn x
l cc vn ni ti.
i vi Lut Doanh nghip v Lut cc t chc tn dng, b my qun tr,
iu hnh v kim sot cc ngn hng thng mi xc nh gm Hi ng qun
tr, Ban iu hnh, ban kim sot,...tuy vy quan h gia Hi ng qun tr v ban
iu hnh cn tch bch quyn s hu v quyn iu hnh cha r rng.
63
64
65
3.3. Thc trng cu trc cnh tranh ngnh ngn hng Vit Nam.
Da trn khung l thuyt nm lc lng cnh tranh ca Micheal Porter, phn
ny s nh gi thc trng cu trc cnh tranh ngnh trn 5 yu t: i) Mc cnh
tranh ca cc i th hin ti, ii) Mi e da ca nhng ngi gia nhp tim nng,
iii) Mi e da ca cc sn phm thay th, iv) Sc mnh ngi mua, v) Sc mnh
nh cung ng.
66
67
68
69
nh: cc dch v cho vay nh l, cho vay nng li v chi hi. Hoc cc knh u t
nh: u t trn th trng chng khon; u t trn th trng vng; u t bt
ng sn; tham gia cc qu u ti vi i tng cn vay vn cng c th tm
kim ngun vn thng qua cc knh huy ng khc ngoi ngn hng nh: vay t
cc dch v nh l ngoi ngn hng; pht hnh c phiu; tri phiu trn th trng
chng khon; thu mua ti chnhCc sn phm, dch v thay th ngy cng hp
dn, gi c cnh tranh dn n vic cnh tranh ca cc ngn hng thng mi ngy
cng tr nn gay gt.
70
khon giao dch, cung cp dch v y thc, cho vay tiu dng qun l tin mt, dch
v thu mua thit b, cho vay ti tr d n, bn cc dch v bo him, v chi ph
chuyn i khng cao m ng c ca khch hng mua dch v l ti a ha li ch
ca mnh do khch hng nhy cm hn v gi s dn n s dch chuyn ca
khch hng n ngn hng c gi c thp hn.
Sc mnh ca bn mua cn c th hin thng qua mc v mc c:
trong thi i cng ngh thng tin ng dng cao, vic cp nht thng tin ca ngi
mua v cc ngn hng l rt thun tin v nhanh chng. Cng vi cc sn
phng dch v ca cc ngn hng c tnh tng ng cao to ra s thay th mc
cao ca cc sn phm dch v. iu dn n khch hng i mua c kh nng
mc c cao hn trong th trng ti chnh.
71
qu hot ng. Trn th trng c nhiu i tng cung ng nn tng cng ngh
thng tin cho cc ngn hng, tuy nhin i vi cng ngh thng tin ng dng trong
ngn hng i hi tnh hin i v an ton cao do cc ngn hng thng tip
cn vi cc nh cung ng ln c uy tn trn th trng. Do , i vi i tng
cung ng ny c sc mnh tng i vi cc ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam.
Chng hn nh i vi LienVietPostBank ngay t nhng ngy u chun b thnh
lp xy dng mt chin lc u t cng ngh bi bn hng ti tr thnh
ngn hng s 1 Vit Nam v hin i ha. Ngn hng LienVietPostBank ng dng
Ngn hng li (CoreBanking) Flexcube do nh cung cp gii php cng ngh thng
tin lnh vc dch v ti chnh hng u th gii I-Flex Solutions (nay l Oracle
Financial Services Limited). Flexcube l gii php Ngn hng c a chung nht
trn th gii theo bng xp hng ca IBS Sales league Table ca International
Banking System trong 4 nm lin (2002 -2005). Vi gii php CoreBanking tch
hp ton din, ngn hng ny p ng c ton din nhu cu dch v Ti chnh
Ngn hng hin i. Hoc nh ngn hng thng mi c phn ng k hp ng
vi tp on GRG mua 250 b my ATM i mi H68N cho php np tin. Nhn
thy ng dng khoa hc cng ngh trong ngn hng c bit quan trng, cc ngn
hng khng ngng nng cp h thng ngn hng in t. Nhiu ngn hng tr
thnh thnh vin chnh thc ca Visa v MasterCard. C th thy, mc tp trung
ca cc nh cung ng dn n xu hng to cho h sc mnh t tc ng ti cc
NHTM Vit Nam.
72
73
Hiu qu k thut:
Bng cch to ra ng bao d liu ny, phng php s gii hn c hiu
qu k thut ca ton ngnh v coi l hiu qu sn xut ti a u ra trong iu
kin u vo cho trc. th 3.6 minh ha nh ngha ny. Trong hnh ny, chng
ta c cc im A, B, C v E tng ng vi mi mc u vo v u ra nht nh.
ng ABC m t ng bin ca qu trnh sn xut. Cc quan st A, B, v C nm
trn ng bin, trong xu hng hot ng lun l ti a ha li nhun, cng nh
s dng khi cc quan st D v E nm di ng bin.
Sau khi qui hoch tuyn tnh cc bin tt nht trong b s liu thnh ng
bao gii hn (trn hnh minh ha l ng ni cc im A B C), ta s c hnh dung
v tnh hiu qu trong vic s dng c yu t u vo ca cc s liu m t bng
cc im nm di ng bao bin (E, F). Mi yu t u ra (q) c t trong mi
quan h ph thuc vi cc yu t u vo (x1, x2 ,x3 ,x4 ). V vy cc im gi
tr nm di ng bao bin cho thy mc hiu qu cng nh phi hiu qu ca 1
s liu i din. y, ta xt n thang o cho mc hiu qu l TE ( Tng hiu
qu k thut):
TE= SE PE
Trong :
TE: Tng hiu qu k thut.
SE: Hiu qu k thut thun ty.
PE: Hiu qu quy m.
Da trn vic thit lp ng bao bin (PP), trng thi hiu sut khng i v
hm khong cch, ta c th tnh c PE, SE v TE. K thut ny to ra mt bin
gii c thit lp bi cc ngn hng hiu qu v so snh n vi cc ngn hng
khng hiu qu sn xut im hiu qu. Trong DEA, ngn hng hiu qu nht
(vi TE=1) khng nht thit phi to ra mc ti a ca sn lng t cc yu t u
vo nht nh. Thay vo , ngn hng ny to ra mc thc hnh tt nht ca
u ra gia cc ngn hng khc trong mu
74
Vi cc rng buc:
Vi:
m=1,,M: s u ra
n=1,,N: s u vo
k=1,,K: s doanh nghip
T bi ton ny ta c th xc nh c TE ca doanh nghip th i ti thi k
75
76
TA
IN
M hnh
u vo
OE
EB
RE
EPS
0,913
0,902
EQ
u ra
Ngun: Tnh ton ca tc gi s dng phn mn DEAP 2.1 (Coelli v cng s, 2005)
Cc h s tng quan hng cho bit mc tng quan gia cch xp hng cc
ngn hng trong m hnh la chn vi m hnh gc c cho bi cng thc:
77
TE
PE
SE
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Mean
0,610
0,801
0,613
0,660
0,675
0,662
Min
0,057
0,239
0,129
0,092
0,217
0,280
Max
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
Mean
0,682
0,856
0,764
0,695
0,779
0,771
Min
0,058
0,370
0,150
0,093
0,223
0,308
Max
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
Mean
0,906
0,938
0,813
0,946
0,946
0,860
Min
0,538
0,239
0,208
0,758
0,217
0,471
Max
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
78
Vit Nam ch t mc trung bnh. Tuy nhin c th thy hiu qu c xu hng gia
tng d tc khng cao. Duy nht nm 2009, hiu qu tng mnh t 0,610 nm
2008 ln 0,801 nhng ngay nm sau hiu qu li gim v 0,613. iu cho thy
cc ngn hng vn cha s dng hiu qu cc ngun lc hin c nng cao hiu
qu hot ng. T nhng con s ny, c th thy cc ngn hng thng mi cn rt
nhiu c hi iu chnh hot ng nng cao hiu qu hot ng thun ty hp
phn gia tng li nhun. C th thy, hiu qu k thut (TE) c hnh thnh t
hiu qu k thut thun ty (PE) v hiu qu quy m (SE). Do , da vo kt qu
tnh ton, c th thy c nn iu chnh yu t no nng cao hiu qu k thut
ca cc ngn hng thng mi. Trong giai on ny, hiu qu quy m thng cao
hn hiu qu k thut thun ty. Vy phn ng gp chnh trong hiu qu k thut
l hiu qu quy m. i vi hiu qu k thut thun ty c mc tng gim tht
thng qua cc nm, thp nht nm 2008 vi PE t 0,682 v cao nht nm 2009
vi PE t 0,856. Mc d PE trong giai on trn mc trung bnh nhng c th
thy thc trng hot ng ca cc ngn hng trong giai on ny cha t hiu qu
k thut thun ty cao do tc tng nhanh v s lng cc ngn hng v tc
m rng quy m hot ng l tng i nhanh. Nhng s tng nhanh v s lng
khng gn lin vi cht lng. Do , khi b tc ng t nhng nhn t ngoi ngnh
th cc ngn hng lng tng trong vic x l. Trong hiu qu chung ca cc ngn
hng th hiu qu quy m ng gp phn ln trong , c th thy hiu qu quy m
ca cc ngn hng thng mi l tng i cao tng tuy nhin c xu hng i
ngang t 0,906 nm 2008 n 0,946 nm 2012 v thp nht l 0,813 vo nm 2010.
iu ny chng t cc ngn hng pht huy c li th v ngun vn, quy m
hot ng, trnh lao ng t tit kim chi ph sn xut gp phn nng hiu qu
hot ng ca cc ngn hng. Tuy vy sang nm 2013 li c xu hng st gim do
mt s ngn hng trong qu trnh ti c cu thu hp quy m hot ng. T nhng
s liu trn c th thy ng vi thc trng ngn hng thng mi trong giai on
khng hong kinh t th gii dn n cc ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam cng
khng trnh khi b nh hng. Sau khi gia nhp WTO mc d t c nhng
79
thnh tu nht nh trong vic ng gp thc y pht trin kinh t. Tuy nhin,
cng cn tn ti nhng bt cp t tc ng ti hiu qu hot ng ca cc ngn
hng nh cht lng tng trng khng cao, nng sut v hiu qu u t thp, hot
ng tim n nhiu ri ro do nng lc qun l v s dng vn km hiu qu. Theo
kinh nghim ca cc ngn hng nc ngoi th yu t cng ngh s gip gim thiu
76% chi ph hot ng, tuy nhin do chi ph u t v chuyn giao cng ngh l
tng i ln nn cc ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam cha ti u c dn n
hiu qu cha ti u. Bn cnh , cc ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam vi quy m
ti sn v ngun vn thp dn n hn ch trong hot ng t nh hng ti hiu
qu k thut. Thc t cho thy, cc ngn hng thuc nhm 1 vi quy m ti sn v
ngun vn ln Vietcombank, Techcombank, Vietinbank,c hiu qu k thut cao.
Cn nhng ngn hng thuc nhm 3 c quy m ti sn v ngun vn thp nh Nam
, Vit ,th hiu qu k thut thp. T nhng kt qu tnh ton c th xp hng
cc ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam da vo tiu thc sau: i vi hiu qu k
thut t 0,8 1 hng A (hiu qu k thut cao). T 0,5 0,8 hng B (hiu qu k
thut kh). T 0 0,5 hng C (hiu qu k thut trung bnh v km).
C th thy trong giai on ny th hng ca cc ngn hng qua cc nm
tng i n nh. iu ch ra rng cc b my hot ng kh ng u nhng
cc ngn hng cha tp trung nng cao trnh qun l v ci tin cng ngh mt
cch trit nng cao hn na hiu qu hot ng. Nhn chung, cc ngn hng
thng mi Vit Nam ch yu tp trung pht trin mng li theo chiu rng m
cha ch trong ti pht trin chiu su dn n vic s dng cc yu t u vo
cha ti u. Vy tim lc ni ti cn nhiu tim n cn c pht huy t hiu
qu cao hn. c ci nhn su hn v tnh hnh bin ng ca nn kinh t v
nhng tn ti dn n hiu qu cha cao, tc gi s i vo phn tch tnh hnh bin
ng ca hiu qu k thut qua tng nm ca cc ngn hng.
80
Bng 3.5 : Bng xp hng hiu qu k thut ca cc NHTM Vit Nam giai
on 2008-2013
NHTM
DEA chun
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
MBB
A
A
A
A
A
A
SacomBank
A
A
B
B
B
A
ACB
A
A
A
A
C
C
SHB
B
A
B
B
A
B
MSB
A
A
A
C
C
C
EIB
C
A
B
A
A
C
KienLongBank
C
A
C
A
A
A
SeaBank
B
A
B
C
VIBank
B
A
B
C
B
C
VPBank
C
B
C
B
B
C
TechcomBank
A
A
A
A
B
B
VietABank
C
B
C
C
C
NaviBank
C
A
B
C
C
C
NamABank
C
C
C
B
B
A
SaigonBank
A
A
A
B
A
C
HDBank
C
B
B
B
B
A
ABBank
C
B
B
C
B
C
OceanBank
C
B
B
B
C
C
PNB
C
B
B
A
C
C
MDB
A
A
B
A
A
A
DongABank
A
A
B
A
A
A
VietCapitalBank
C
A
C
A
B
C
WEB
C
A
C
C
C
B
PGBank
B
A
B
A
A
A
OricomBank
C
A
B
B
B
B
VietcomBank
B
A
A
A
A
A
VietinBank
B
B
A
A
A
A
BIDV
B
B
B
B
B
B
MHB
C
C
C
C
DaiABank
A
C
C
A
B
HabuBank
B
B
B
C
Ngun: Kt qu tnh ton ca tc gi
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
DRS
18
17
12
16
13
14
IRS
16
10
CONS
11
31
31
31
31
27
27
Tng cng
88
3.4.1.2. c lng hiu qu k thut vi phng php phn tch bin ngu
nhin (SFA)
Phng php bin ngu nhin (SFA)
Phng php DEA l mt k thut quy hoch tuyn tnh nh gi n v
ra quyt nh hot ng tng i so vi cc ngn hng khc trong mu nh th
no. DEA khng i hi xc nh dng hm i vi bin hiu qu v cho php kt
hp nhiu u vo v nhiu u ra trong vic tnh cc o hiu qu. Tuy nhin,
nhc im ca DEA l nhy cm vi quan st vt tri v khng c suy din
thng k. V vy, phn ny tc gi s ng dng phng php phn tch bin ngu
nhin (SFA)_Tip cn tham s; nh gi hiu qu hot ng ca cc ngn hng
thng mi Vit Nam, vi mc tiu a ra c lng chnh xc hn v hiu qu k
thut, cng nh xu hng thay i trong hot ng ca cc ngn hng thng mi
trong giai on 2008 2013.
Phng php SFA thng c s dng trong cc m hnh phn tch hm
sn xut, chi ph hoc li nhun. N cng c th c s dng trong vic nh gi
hot ng ca cc t chc ti chnh nh ngn hng thng mi hay qu u t. Tuy
nhin y ta khng nn hiu u vo l nhng yu t sn xut, nhng ngun lc
c s dng trc tip to ra sn phm u ra. Trong bi ton ti u ha ca
ngn hng thng mi, c th hiu u vo l nhng bin m vi sn lng u
ra nht nh, doanh nghip s mun ti thiu ha; cn u ra l nhng bin m
vi tp hp u vo nht nh, doanh nghip s mun ti a ha.
89
Vi
Trong
l sn lng u ra ca hng th i trong giai on th t;
l vector u vo c (k x 1) ca hng th i trong giai on th t;
l vector tham s c trng cho vai tr ca nhng yu t u vo trong hm sn
xut;
l bin ngu nhin c gi nh phn phi chun
trong
v c lp vi
90
ngoi tr h
91
ng vi u vo ny v h s
ng vi thnh phn xc nh ca m
hnh, th hin vic tin b cng ngh lm kh nng sn xut ca cc hng thay i
theo thi gian; cn
it
it
it
it
it
it
92
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
Tn bin
IN
EQ
EB
RiE
OE
Trung bnh
lch chun
Trung v
Gi tr nh nht
Gi tr ln nht
S quan st
2761047
661478,6
1671043
80094
15895605
31
3870392
729585,7
2199046
577616
13790042
31
568858,2
137665,9
198723
6235
2560580
31
261833,6
109537,6
35338
1330
2553515
31
585134,6
174356,5
246401
29452
4957685
31
Trung bnh
lch chun
Trung v
Gi tr nh nht
Gi tr ln nht
S quan st
Trung bnh
lch chun
Trung v
Gi tr nh nht
Gi tr ln nht
S quan st
2409202
542885,2
1300431
138921
14235364
31
4393015
931681,8
2520683
334320
20590477
31
4738562
865181,2
2547985
1038949
17639330
31
6630237
1045967
4087344
2022339
24219730
31
905538.7
211664,5
382632
28117
5004374
31
1272038
267858,2
661413
67373
5568850
31
207774.5
68552,47
82122
455
2012282
31
312699.3
107671,2
126283
3114
3024227
31
784206.6
195505,6
339896
46668
4536214
31
1141440
300236,6
446990
73997
7197137
31
Trung bnh
lch chun
Trung v
Gi tr nh nht
Gi tr ln nht
S quan st
8002242
1561242
4939280
525917
35727190
31
8004022
1321671
4644051
2590976
28638696
31
1552998
360545
565976
114012
8392021
31
605897,1
227049,8
148729
10519
4904251
31
1585694
372950,7
657284
208355
9077909
31
Trung bnh
lch chun
Trung v
Gi tr nh nht
Gi tr ln nht
S quan st
Trung bnh
lch chun
Trung v
Gi tr nh nht
Gi tr ln nht
S quan st
7864398
1509979
5342662
454888
32240738
26
3089171,64
4008143,88
1671043
118993
15895605
25
9982600
1932510
5748969
3184140
41553063
26
4335192,4
4368287,63
2266655
577616
13790042
25
1332970
379027,5
479850.5
3474
8167900
26
654090,8
829094,1
221254
6235
2560580
25
818180.9
235059,4
349325
-564710
4357954
26
315452,9
670185,9
35338
1330
2553515
25
2031277
425202,5
1234836
284577
9435673
26
676964,1
1061713,1
264281
29452
4957685
25
93
94
Tn bin
c lng
lch chun
z-ratio
Hng s
-4,82
1,153
-4,182***
EQ
0,789
0,161
4,894***
IN
0,344
0,131
2,635***
EO
0,45
0,177
0,254
RiE
0,143
0,068
2,097**
0,011
0,05
0,225
0,883
0,042
20,879***
-0,615
0,104
5,893***
Thng k khi
bnh phng
hn hp
Gi tr ti hn
mc ngha
5%
Kt lun
39.6
2,706
Bc b H0
v H1:
) l thnh
95
phn ngu nhin vo trong m hnh c lng hiu qu hot ng ca ngn hng l
cn thit v kt qu thu c s ng tin cy hn so vi m hnh hi quy OLS
truyn thng.
Bin thi gian vi h s
b cng ngh qua cc nm. Tuy nhin, vic bin ny khng c ngha thng k cho
thy khng c bng chng v s nh hng ca n n u ra thu nhp ngn hng
giai on 2008 2013. Trong khi h s
nhn gi tr m
96
2008
0,983
0,973
0,954
0,969
0,917
0,960
0,982
0,895
0,975
0,945
0,846
0,959
0,973
0,932
0,934
0,935
0,840
0,970
0,960
0,965
0,938
0,965
0,962
0,965
0,950
0,895
0,982
0,946
2009
0,967
0,950
0,916
0,944
0,853
0,928
0,969
0,815
0,954
0,900
0,734
0,925
0,951
0,878
0,881
0,883
0,724
0,945
0,927
0,937
0,889
0,937
0,931
0,936
0,911
0,724
0,969
0,903
2010
0,940
0,911
0,852
0,900
0,746
0,871
0,943
0,685
0,917
0,824
0,565
0,867
0,912
0,787
0,793
0,795
0,550
0,901
0,870
0,887
0,806
0,888
0,878
0,886
0,842
0,550
0,943
0,833
2011
0,893
0,844
0,746
0,825
0,583
0,778
0,899
0,499
0,854
0,702
0,349
0,770
0,845
0,645
0,653
0,656
0,333
0,828
0,776
0,804
0,673
0,805
0,789
0,801
0,723
0,333
0,899
0,723
2012
0,815
0,736
0,589
0,706
0,374
0,635
0,825
0,280
0,753
0,527
0,145
0,624
0,739
0,451
0,461
0,465
0,132
0,711
0,632
0,675
0,487
0,676
0,652
0,670
0,565
0,132
0,825
0,573
2013
0,696
0,583
0,392
0,542
0,170
0,449
0,712
0,996
0,606
0,320
0,294
0,435
0,587
0,240
0,250
0,254
0,248
0,549
0,445
0,500
0,277
0,502
0,470
0,494
0,364
0,170
0,996
0,400
97
Tn ngn hng
MBB
SacomBank
ACB
SHB
MSB
EIB
KienLongBank
VIBank
VPBank
TechcomBank
NaviBank
NamABank
SaigonBank
HDBank
ABBank
OceanBank
PNB
MDB
DongABank
VietCapitalBank
PGBank
Oricombank
VietComBank
VietinBank
BIDV
2008
1
4
15
7
22
12
2
23
3
17
24
14
5
21
20
19
25
6
13
8
18
9
11
10
16
2009
2
5
15
7
22
12
1
23
3
17
24
14
4
21
20
19
25
6
13
8
18
9
11
10
16
2010
2
5
15
7
22
12
1
23
3
17
24
14
4
21
20
19
25
6
13
9
18
8
11
10
16
2011
1
5
15
7
22
12
2
23
3
17
24
14
4
21
20
19
25
6
13
9
18
8
11
10
16
2012
2
5
15
7
22
12
1
23
3
17
24
14
4
21
20
19
25
6
13
9
18
8
11
10
16
2013
3
6
16
8
25
13
2
1
4
18
19
15
5
24
22
21
23
7
14
10
20
9
12
11
17
98
99
M Hnh 1
M hnh Tobit
Bng 3.11: Kt qu c lng mi quan h Hiu qu k thut, th phn tn
dng, tng ti sn v tng trng tng i.
Hiu qu k thut
Coef.
S.E
Th phn tn dng
-0,102**
0,043
Tng ti sn
3,88e-06***
0,438***
t.
Pvalue
-2,35
0,020
-0,188
-0,016
1,08e-06
3,59
0,000
1,74e-06
6,02e-06
0,039
11,23
0,000
0,361
0,515
100
M hnh 2
M hnh Tobit
Bng 3.12: Kt qu c lng mi quan h Hiu qu k thut, th phn tn
dng, vn ch s hu v tng trng tng i.
Hiu qu k thut
Th phn tn dng
Vn ch s hu
Tng trng tng i
Coef.
-0,072**
0,001***
0,357***
S.E
0,028
0,001
0,044
T
-2,53
4,41
8,16
P-value
0,013
0,000
0,000
-0,016
0,001
0,444
Coef.
-0,038
0,001** *
0,365***
S.E
0,031
0,001
0,046
T
-1,22
3,09
7,99
P-value
0,225
0,003
0,000
0,024
0,001
0,456
101
Coef.
S.E
P-value
-0,014
0,257
-0,06
0,956
-0,524
0,496
Vn ch s hu
0,001***
0,001
7,73
0,000
0,001
0,001
H s chn
-0,089
0,442
-0,20
0,840
-0,966
0,787
102
M hnh 5
M hnh hi qui
Bng 3.15: Kt qu c lng mi quan h th phn huy ng, tng ti sn v
tng trng tng i.
Th phn huy ng
Coef.
S.E
P-value
0,048
0,129
0,37
0,710
-0,207
0,303
Tng ti sn
0,001***
1,51e-06
15,32
0,000
0,001
0,001
H s chn
-0,008
0,193
-0,04
0,967
-0,391
0,375
Coef.
S.E
P-value
0,709**
0,299
2,37
0,020
0,115
1,303
Vn ch s hu
0,001***
0,001
9,33
0,000
0,001
0,001
H s chn
-1,062**
0,413
-2,57
0,012
-1,880
-0,243
103
Coef.
S.E
P-value
0,761***
0,206
3,70
0,000
0,353
1,169
Tng ti sn
0,001***
1,01e-06
23,82
0,000
0,001
0,001
H s chn
-0,906**
0,236
-3,84
0,000
-1,374
-0,438
104
105
106
2008
2009
2010
2011
0.96% 1.03% 0.97% 0.97%
12.05% 13.58% 12.72% 12.87%
0.610
0.801
0.613
0.660
2012
0.52%
6.55%
0.675
2013
0.60%
7.32%
0.662
107
qu trnh ti c cu bng nhng bin php cng rn nhm lm lnh mnh ha h thng
ngn hng. T lm cho kh nng sinh li ca cc ngn hng bt u gia tng. Kt
qu ny cng c m t bng s bin ng ca cc ch tiu thng qua th 3.12.
108
109
CHNG 4
KIN NGH NNG CAO NNG LC CNH TRANH CA
CC NGN HNG THNG MI VIT NAM
4.1. Nhm kin ngh i vi Chnh ph v ngn hng Nh nc
4.1.1. Gii php t Chnh Ph
Mt l, Hon thin h thng php lut, c bit l lut cnh tranh nhm to
hnh lang php l c hiu lc v m bo s bnh ng cho cc i tng hot ng
trn lnh th Vit Nam. Ring i vi ngnh ngn hng do l cu ni, huyt mch
ca nn kinh t nn cng i hi tnh minh bch m bo s an ton v hiu qu
ca ton h thng ni ring v ca nn kinh t ni chung. Do cn xy dng
nhng vn bn php lut ph hp vi lnh th Vit Nam da trn nhng chun mc
quc t. Trong , cc vn bn php lut v cc cng c phi ph hp vi chun
mc quc t va phi ph hp vi iu kin c th ca Vit Nam cc NHTM ch
ng thc hin chnh sch v vn hnh cng c iu tit ca NHNN cng nh cc
c quan chc nng nhm pht trin bn vng trong qu trnh hi nhp kinh t quc
t. Mt khc, thng qua chc nng vai tr ca nh nc trong vic iu tit khc
phc nhng khuyt tt ca th trng theo hng to mi trng lnh mnh cho cc
ngn hng hot ng theo lut, khng bao cp cho NHTM, nhng cng khng nn
to ra nhng ri ro cho ngn hng bng c ch chnh sch hay cc mnh lnh hnh
chnh; s dng c ch gim st, ch ti bo m cho cc ngn hng tham gia th
trng tun th lut chi qui nh. y l c s quan trng nht m bo cho
nn kinh t v h thng ngn hng pht trin bn vng v hi nhp hiu qu. Cng
trn phng din v m, cn phi c cu li h thng lut php ti chnh, ngn hng.
Hin Lut cc t chc tn dng, Lut Ngn hng Nh nc v cc quy nh khc
ang c xem xt sa i mt cch c bn. Vic c cu li NHNN cng nn c
t ra theo l trnh sa i Lut NHNN, m bo c quan ny hot ng theo
ng chc nng ca mt ngn hng trung ng hin i. Vic sa i Lut cc t
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
c quan chc nng nhm pht trin bn vng trong qu trnh hi nhp kinh t quc
t. Mt khc, thng qua chc nng vai tr ca nh nc trong vic iu tit khc
phc nhng khuyt tt ca th trng theo hng to mi trng lnh mnh cho cc
ngn hng hot ng theo lut, khng bao cp cho NHTM, nhng cng khng nn
to ra nhng ri ro cho ngn hng bng c ch chnh sch hay cc mnh lnh hnh
chnh; s dng c ch gim st, ch ti bo m cho cc ngn hng tham gia th
trng tun th lut chi qui nh. y l c s quan trng nht m bo cho
nn kinh t v h thng ngn hng pht trin bn vng v hi nhp hiu qu.
Hai l, Ngn hng Nh nc cn xy dng chin lc pht trin cng ngh
ngn hng gim thiu chi ph hot ng cho cc ngn hng. Ngn hng Nh nc
vi vai tr l ngi qun l trc tip hot ng ca h thng ngn hng, NHNN cn
gip , t vn cc ngn hng pht trin h thng thng tin hiu qu, minh bch,
cht lng, uy tn v bn vng.
Ba l, Ngn hng Nh nc cn phi y nhanh qu trnh ti cu trc h
thng ngn hng. i vi cc ngn hng thng mi yu km, cn thc hin sp
nhp, hp nht. c bit, NHNN cn a ra l trnh c th cn t c sau ti cu
trc cc ngn hng hot ng hiu qu.
i vi cc NHTM Nh nc, cn tip tc gim t trng phn vn Nh nc
mc hp l, bng vic cho php nh u t nc ngoi nng t l s hu c phiu
ti mi ngn hng ln ty theo qui m ca tng ngn hng. Tuy nhin, vic nng t
l s hu ca nh u t nc ngoi s c th dn n kh nng b thu tm ca cc
ngn hng tng ln. V vy, NHNN cn xy dng cc bin php gim thiu nh
hng ny bng cch tp trung xy dng cc ngn hng ln c nng lc cnh
tranh quc t vi y cc tiu chun qun tr ri ro quc t. Bn cnh , cn
gim s can thip ca Nh nc vo hot ng ngn hng, buc cc ngn hng phi
minh bch trong kinh doanh, chu trch nhim v s tn ti v pht trin ca chnh
ngn hng. nhiu yu t. Thc trng trn cho thy, khu vc ngn hng Vit Nam
ang ng trc yu cu v ti c cu mnh m hn bao gi ht. Tuy nhin, do khu
vc ngn hng l mt cu phn quan trng ca nn kinh t nn vic c cu li cn
117
118
tin lng, tin thng hp l trong giai on kh khn ny. Cch thc ny gip
gim chi ph mt cch hp l nhm h tr cho vic tng mc trch lp d phng t
l n xu. Th ba, ngn hng cn tng t l s hu ca nh u t nc ngoi trong
ngnh ngn hng ln 40%. ng thi cng cho php nng t l s hu ca nh u
t chin lc nc ngoi ln mc 25% hoc 30% vn iu l. Th t, Chnh ph
cn cho php mt s ngn hng nc ngoi c tim lc ti chnh mnh, qun tr
doanh nghip tt mua li nhng ngn hng yu km.
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
nghe kin ca khch hng, ng x kho lo, nhit huyt to s hi lng cho
khch hng, thi nhn vin phi lun nim n, tc phong nhanh nhn, trang phc
gn gng to s thin cm v thn thin i vi khch hng. Khng nhng th,
nhn vin ca ngn hng phi lun trung thc trong hot ng giao dch vi khch
hng, lun cng bng vi tt c cc khch hng to lng tin ca khch hng i
vi ngn hng.
126
PHN KT LUN
Ngnh ngn hng l ngnh quan trng trong vic kt ni gia cc doanh
nghip vi nhau v vi nn kinh t. Vi vai tr l cu ni vic pht trin ngnh ngn
hng s to thun li trong vic thc y nn kinh t ca mt quc gia. Do , lun
n L thuyt cu trc cnh tranh ngnh vi vic nng cao nng lc cnh
tranh ca cc ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam hin nay tp trung nghin
cu cc vn v mt l lun v thc tin v cu trc ngnh ngn hng, t xem
xt nh hng ti nng lc cnh tranh ca cc ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam.
Lun n phn tch trc tip v mt nh lng vo 31 ngn hng thng mi Vit
Nam bao gm 5 ngn hng thng mi Nh nc v 26 ngn hng thng mi c
phn trong giai on 2008 -2012. Da trn c s phn tch v mt nh lng trong
vic nh gi hiu qu v vic xc nh cc nhn t nh hng n hiu qu hot
ng ca cc ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam, lun n a ra cc kin ngh nhm
nng cao hiu qu hot ng v nng lc cnh tranh ca cc NHTM trong giai on
hi nhp kinh t quc t. Lun n t c mt s ni dung c th nh:
Lun n c xy dng da trn vic k tha cc phng php nghin cu
truyn thng phn tch thc trng hot ng cng nh nng lc cnh tranh ca
cc ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam. Bn cnh , vi u im ca phng php
nghin cu hin i c p dng trn nhiu nc vi nhiu ngnh ngh khc nhau.
Lun n ch ra nhng im mnh v yu ca cc phng php nghin cu v mt
nh lng t la chn cc phng php phn tch v cc bin s ph hp vi
ngnh ngn hng Vit Nam, t ng dng linh hot trong phn tch hiu qu hot
ng ca cc ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam.
Vi vic gia nhp WTO i hi cc ngn hng Vit Nam cn phi i mi
theo xu th ha nhp mi tng quc t. Bn cnh , trong giai on nghin cu
ri vo cuc khng hong kinh t ton cu khng nhng nh hng ti nn kinh t
cc quc gia m cn nh hng su ti khi ngn hng. V vy, Lun n phn
127
tch, nh gi thc trng ca cc ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam trong giai on
hi nhp kinh t quc t bng cch tip cn phn tch bin ngu nhin (SFA) v
phng php bao d liu (DEA). T da trn kt qu nghin cu c th thy h
thng ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam cn tn ti nhiu nhn t phi hiu qu gy
nh hng khng tt ti hiu qu hot ng ca cc ngn hng. Do , tng kh
nng cnh tranh ca cc ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam trc cc i th cn phi
xy dng phng thc hot ng gim thiu nh hng ca cc nhn t ny.
T nhng phn tch thc trng, lun n xut mt s kin ngh nng cao
hiu qu hot ng v nng lc cnh tranh cho cc ngn hng trong thi k hi
nhp kinh t quc t. (1) cc gii php t pha Chnh ph nh hon thin h thng
php lut, c bit l lut cnh tranh nhm to hnh lang php l c hiu lc v m
bo s bnh ng cho cc i tng hot ng trn lnh th Vit Nam v tng
cng cng tc thanh tra, gim st gim thiu s tht thot lng ph, ti thiu ha
chi ph qun l, ngn nga tham nhng v tiu cc. (2) gii php t pha ngn hng
Nh nc nh l: cn tch cc, ch ng gim st hot ng ca h thng theo
nguyn tc, chun mc quc t v khng can thip su bng cc mnh lnh hnh
chnh. Bn cnh , cn nng cao nng lc th ch, r sot cc c ch chnh sch
theo hng th trng, to mi trng lnh mnh cho h thng ngn hng. Cn phi
y nhanh qu trnh ti cu trc v kim tra cht ch sau ti cu trc pht trin
bn vng h thng ngn hng. (3) nhm gii php t cc ngn hng thng mi nh
nng cao nng lc ti chnh, pht trin th trng mc tiu, nng cao cng ngh,
pht trin vn ha kinh doanh v gim thiu n xu.
128
1.
on Vit Dng (2005), H thng ngn hng Vit Nam trong giai on hi
nhp WTO, Hi tho khoa hc Ngn hng Nh nc H thng ngn hng
Vit Nam v cc cam kt WTO: nh gi v trin vng
2.
3.
129
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Nguyn Minh Kiu (2002), Ci t h thng ngn hng Vit Nam, Chng
trnh Fullbright, TP HCM.
7.
Nguyn Minh Tun (2010), Nng cao nng lc cnh tranh ca cc doanh
nghip nh nc trong hi nhp kinh t quc t, nh xut bn H Quc gia
TP. HCM.
8.
9.
10. Nguyn Th Vit Anh (2004), c lng cc nhn t phi hiu qu cho ngn
hng nng nghip v pht trin nng thn Vit Nam, Lun vn Thc s Kinh
t, i hc Kinh t Quc dn.
11. Nguyn Thy Dng (2006), Nng cao kh nng hi nhp kinh t quc t ca
h thng ngn hng Vit Nam, Tp ch khoa hc v o to ngn hng.
130
12. Nguyn Vit Hng (2008), Phn tch cc nhn t nh hng n hiu qu
hot ng ca cc ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam, Lun n Tin s Kinh t,
i hc Kinh t Quc dn.
13. Peter S.Rose (2004), Qun tr ngn hng thng mi, NXB Ti chnh.
14. Phm Thanh Bnh (2005), Nng cao nng lc cnh tranh ca h thng ngn
hng thng mi Vit Nam trong iu kin hi nhp khu vc v quc t, ti
trng im cp ngnh, m s: KNHT 2003.01
15. Phan Th Thu H (2004), Gio trnh Ngn hng thng mi, NXB Thng k.
16. Quc hi nc Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit Nam (1997), Lut cc t chc
tn dng Vit Nam, NXB Chnh tr quc gia.
17. Trn Su (2006), Nng lc cnh tranh ca cc doanh nghip trong iu kin
ton cu ha, NXB Lao ng.
18. V Kim Dng v Cao Thy Xim (2003), Gio trnh Kinh t Qun l, NXB
Thng K
19. V Trng Lm (2006), Nng cao sc cnh tranh ca cc doanh nghip trong
tin trnh hi nhp kinh t quc t, NXB Chnh tr quc gia.
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PH LC
Ph lc 1: Danh sch cc NHTM v quy m vn CSH t 2008 -2013
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Tn TCTD
Ngn hng Cng thng Vit
Nam
Ngn hng u t v Pht trin
Vit Nam
Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit
Nam
Ngn hng NNo&PTNTVN
Ngn hng Pht trin nh ng
bng sng Cu Long
Ngn hng TMCP Hng hi
Ngn hng TMCP Si Gn
thng tn
Ngn hng TMCP ng
Ngn hng TMCP Xut nhp
khu
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
10.202
14.291
16338,36
24.037
30.029
54.075
13.282
16.273
22451,2
23.436
25.182
32.040
12.102
12.316
16401,85
24.428
37.594
42.386
16.142
17.916
30754,14
32.830
40.473
38.723
1.101
1.164
3134,539
3.103
3.175
1.736
3.285
5963,54
8.813
9.440
9.413
6.907
8.725
11703,82
12.193
12.369
17.064
2.962
3.570
4763,899
4.889
5.536
5.885
12.644
12.748
12967,89
13.265
13.709
14.680
10
1.279
1.281
2035,968
3.059
3.091
3.258
11
6.667
8.340
10.237
10.472
11.633
12.504
1.308
1.725
2730,84
3.546
3.242
3.501
2.353
2.377
4693,793
5.173
5.954
7.727
12
13
14
4.817
5.623
7286,779
9.563
12.429
13.920
15
4.110
6.463
8103,55
8.573
11.791
15.148
16
1.400
2.176
3077,886
3.092
3.113
3.312
17
2.147
2.510
5806,056
7.518
7.840
7.983
18
4.111
5.182
5470,319
5.393
5.505
5.726
19
1.432
2.038
3566,922
4.156
4.242
4.355
1.009
2.019
3066,184
3.085
2.361
1.613
1.602
2088,228
3.121
3.175
20
21
8.600
139
STT
Tn TCTD
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Nh TPHCM
22
4.042
4.099
4154,839
4.417
4.491
5.744
23
2.518
2.684
3148,927
3.783
4.206
4.317
1.519
2.120
2835,351
3.449
3.590
3.965
2.612
4.296
4467,159
4.429
11.305
13.113
24
Ngn
hng
TMCP Phng
ng
25
26
702
1.027
3130,121
3.140
3.189
27
559
1.513
3019,385
3.055
3.216
1.010
1.026
2073,288
2.143
3.160
3.210
511
1.021
3788,564
3.822
3.886
3.953
1.011
1.024
2038,215
3.045
3.188
2.073
2.101
3702,577
5.087
9.563
28
29
30
31
10.356
32
1.019
1.023
1864,966
3.049
3.182
33
1.010
1.015
3029,648
3.061
3.094
3.476
34
1.409
1.573
3129,003
3.328
3.369
3.588
1.002
1.005
3047,255
3.023
3.078
35
36
3.300
3.721
3861,492
6.323
6.952
7.271
37
1.049
1.052
2021,773
3.031
3.061
3.219
38
1.000
1.498
3035,904
3.050
4.734
3.701
39
1.500
1.500
1516,744
1.557
3.065
3.184
40
2.907
3.094
3221,464
4.403
41
617
1.018
2030,154
3.568
582
3.417
3516,114
3.043
42
140
Tn TCTD
Ngn hng Cng thng Vit
Nam
Ngn hng u t v Pht trin
Vit Nam
Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit
Nam
Ngn hng NNo&PTNTVN
Ngn hng Pht trin nh ng
bng sng Cu Long
Ngn hng TMCP Hng hi
Ngn hng TMCP Si Gn
thng tn
Ngn hng TMCP ng
Ngn hng TMCP Xut nhp
khu
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
218.360
245.986
370.964
474.649
518.821
678.368
264.153
296.733
368.344
412.474
492.241
548.386
216.444
258.108
311.027
374.189
419.780
468.994
466.760
469.312
523.566
560.780
618.857
696.781
35.369
39.779
51.350
47.446
37.986
44.558
64.452
115.024
112.056
107.467
107.115
82.517
99.040
143.208
140.903
153.178
161.378
38.997
42.486
55.177
65.057
69.353
74.920
54.960
66.345
131.668
183.968
170.488
169.835
10
6.774
10.915
14.375
19.083
16.002
28.782
11
141.750
172.748
204.154
279.334
175.572
166.599
11.559
11.911
16.810
15.942
15.459
14.685
20.433
27.920
57.960
80.682
98.716
121.264
12
13
14
74.612
92.804
149.742
181.379
183.633
158.897
15
44.807
66.658
107.354
137.799
176.020
180.381
16
11.876
14.998
26.355
26.597
34.954
50.308
17
42.387
56.678
93.939
97.079
63.129
76.875
18
21.851
30.789
55.706
101.051
75.140
79.864
19
20.487
33.829
55.260
62.817
64.568
67.075
11.130
17.349
27.867
26.801
18.165
14.300
19.152
34.676
45.553
37.986
20
21
86.227
141
STT
Tn TCTD
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
22
19.594
24.203
38.046
41.746
46.325
57.628
23
25.952
35.310
59.697
69.207
74.286
77.558
24
9.789
12.691
19.748
25.449
27.442
32.795
25
43.325
54.943
61.351
81.548
150.259
181.019
26
3.601
7.071
11.184
22.320
18.079
27
4.718
8.516
19.761
27.171
15.556
8.875
10.653
16.716
17.889
19.899
24.876
6.437
28
29
2.302
2.620
17.404
10.570
9.024
30
3.090
10.426
9.457
20.599
15.153
19.241
27.478
51.301
71.043
117.174
31
143.626
32
13.856
18.795
20.157
22.704
21.835
33
4.336
7.479
12.635
17.894
19.080
21.372
34
11.268
15.819
24.091
22.547
24.752
27.033
2.484
7.257
16.898
18.274
16.881
11.690
17.834
35.513
56.986
66.968
79.594
3.331
8.227
17.011
21.173
23.059
35
36
37
38
4.240
10.737
20.929
26.349
15.123
32.088
39
4.317
7.373
13.850
13.439
13.323
16.788
40
27.357
30.680
38.418
41.718
41
1.534
1.640
7.783
49.873
8.132
15.940
46.454
16.166
42
142
Tn NH
2009
Crste
vrste
Scale
crste
vrste
scale
MBB
0.877
0.877
drs
SacomBank
0.879
0.879
drs
0.857
0.957
0.895
drs
ACB
0.913
0.913
drs
SHB
0.666
0.725
0.918
drs
0.813
0.917
0.887
drs
MSB
0.931
0.932
0.999
drs
0.999
0.999
drs
EIB
0.488
0.906
0.538
drs
0.902
0.902
drs
KienLongBank
0.436
0.439
0.992
drs
SeaBank
0.566
0.684
0.827
drs
0.951
0.951
drs
VIBank
0.534
0.539
0.991
irs
0.92
0.94
0.979
drs
10
VPBank
0.364
0.373
0.976
drs
0.583
0.679
0.859
drs
11
TechcomBank
12
VietABank
0.431
0.431
0.999
0.788
0.83
0.949
drs
13
NaviBank
0.491
0.522
0.942
irs
14
NamABank
0.078
0.078
0.993
drs
0.386
0.396
0.974
irs
15
SaigonBank
16
HDBank
0.319
0.33
0.967
drs
0.64
0.681
0.94
drs
17
ABBank
0.124
0.227
0.548
drs
0.704
0.722
0.976
drs
18
OceanBank
0.375
0.389
0.964
irs
0.592
0.593
19
PNB
0.417
0.418
0.998
irs
0.545
0.552
0.987
irs
20
MDB
21
DongABank
0.879
0.885
0.993
drs
143
2008
2009
TT
Tn NH
Crste
vrste
Scale
crste
vrste
scale
22
VietCapitalBank
0.057
0.058
0.985
drs
23
WEB
24
PGBank
0.567
0.57
0.995
irs
25
OricomBank
0.389
0.393
0.991
drs
0.963
0.971
0.992
drs
26
VietcomBank
0.544
0.98
0.555
drs
27
VietinBank
0.599
0.951
0.63
drs
0.501
0.51
0.981
drs
28
BIDV
0.618
0.618
drs
0.664
0.822
0.808
drs
29
MHB
0.464
0.498
0.932
drs
0.35
0.37
0.945
drs
30
DaiABank
0.239
0.239
irs
31
HabuBank
0.688
0.708
0.972
drs
0.654
0.714
0.916
drs
0.61
0.682
0.906
0.801
0.856
0.938
mean
2010
TT
2011
Tn NH
Crste
vrste
Scale
crste
vrste
scale
MBB
0.946
0.973
0.972
drs
0.97
0.97
drs
SacomBank
0.676
0.836
0.808
drs
0.719
0.896
0.803
drs
ACB
0.933
0.966
0.966
drs
SHB
0.633
0.735
0.861
drs
0.584
0.681
0.858
drs
MSB
0.846
0.86
0.984
irs
0.359
0.383
0.937
drs
EIB
0.7
0.7
drs
0.994
0.994
drs
KienLongBank
0.395
0.535
0.739
irs
0.952
0.959
0.993
irs
SeaBank
0.559
0.57
0.98
drs
0.092
0.093
0.99
irs
VIBank
0.576
0.608
0.946
drs
0.394
0.52
0.758
drs
10
VPBank
0.477
0.498
0.958
drs
0.633
0.636
0.995
irs
144
2008
TT
Tn NH
2009
Crste
vrste
Scale
crste
vrste
scale
11
TechcomBank
12
VietABank
0.408
0.426
0.958
irs
0.421
0.448
0.939
drs
13
NaviBank
0.754
0.754
irs
0.326
0.37
0.883
drs
14
NamABank
0.348
0.887
0.392
irs
0.587
0.592
0.992
irs
15
SaigonBank
0.687
0.696
0.986
drs
16
HDBank
0.623
0.979
0.637
irs
0.632
0.635
0.995
irs
17
ABBank
0.546
0.553
0.987
drs
0.364
0.395
0.923
drs
18
OceanBank
0.621
0.658
0.944
irs
0.513
0.515
0.996
irs
19
PNB
0.662
0.797
0.83
irs
0.859
0.918
0.936
irs
20
MDB
0.744
0.744
irs
21
DongABank
0.588
0.594
0.989
drs
0.811
0.85
0.955
drs
22
VietCapitalBank
0.237
0.237
irs
0.932
0.932
irs
23
WEB
0.142
0.683
0.208
irs
0.253
0.253
24
PGBank
0.549
0.549
irs
25
OricomBank
0.511
0.57
0.896
irs
0.653
0.692
0.944
drs
26
VietcomBank
0.978
0.978
drs
27
VietinBank
0.866
0.933
0.928
drs
0.866
0.866
drs
28
BIDV
0.662
0.831
0.797
drs
0.508
0.621
0.818
drs
29
MHB
0.129
0.15
0.859
irs
0.133
0.14
0.949
irs
30
DaiABank
0.231
0.361
0.638
irs
0.969
0.985
0.983
irs
31
HabuBank
0.646
0.689
0.937
irs
0.265
0.28
0.948
drs
0.613
0.764
0.813
0.66
0.695
0.946
Mean
145
2012
TT
Tn NH
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
mean
MBB
SacomBank
ACB
SHB
MSB
EIB
KienLongBank
VIBank
VPBank
TechcomBank
NaviBank
NamABank
SaigonBank
HDBank
ABBank
OceanBank
PNB
MDB
DongABank
VietCapitalBank
WEB
PGBank
OricomBank
VietcomBank
VietinBank
BIDV
DaiABank
Crste
1
0.584
0.414
0.863
0.223
0.95
1
0.573
0.789
0.556
0.217
0.59
1
0.526
0.677
0.491
0.249
0.979
0.827
0.614
0.479
0.83
0.692
1
1
0.53
0.562
0.675
vrste
1
0.589
0.419
0.868
0.223
1
1
0.792
0.796
0.573
1
1
1
0.527
0.683
0.493
0.25
1
0.836
1
1
1
0.731
1
1
0.584
0.662
0.779
scale
1
0.993
0.986
0.994
0.999
0.95
1
0.724
0.992
0.971
0.217
0.59
1
0.999
0.991
0.995
0.997
0.979
0.989
0.614
0.479
0.83
0.946
1
1
0.908
0.849
0.889
drs
drs
drs
drs
drs
drs
drs
irs
irs
drs
drs
drs
drs
irs
drs
irs
irs
irs
irs
drs
irs
146
2013
TT
Tn NH
1 MBB
crste
1,000
vrste
1,000
scale
1,000
2
3
4
5
1,000
0,443
0,511
0,303
1,000
0,451
0,517
0,308
1,000
0,982
0,990
0,983
irs
irs
irs
0,385
0,400
0,963
irs
1,000
0,280
0,457
0,696
1,000
0,341
0,461
0,776
1,000
0,820
0,991
0,897
drs
drs
drs
11 VietABank
12 NaviBank
0,396
0,457
0,455
0,533
0,872
0,858
drs
drs
13
14
15
16
NamABank
SaigonBank
HDBank
ABBank
1,000
0,429
0,900
0,482
1,000
0,633
0,919
0,683
1,000
0,677
0,979
0,706
drs
drs
drs
17 OceanBank
18 PNB
19 MDB
0,448
0,358
1,000
0,727
0,760
1,000
0,616
0,471
1,000
drs
drs
-
20 DongABank
21 VietCapitalBank
22 WEB
1,000
0,416
0,522
1,000
0,874
0,975
1,000
0,476
0,535
drs
drs
23 PGBank
24 OricomBank
1,000
0,621
1,000
1,000
1,000
0,621
drs
25 VietcomBank
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
0,776
0,662
1,000
1,000
0,771
1,000
0,776
0,860
drs
SacomBank
ACB
SHB
MSB
6 EIB
7
8
9
10
KienLongBank
VIBank
VPBank
TechcomBank
26 VietinBank
27 BIDV
Mean
147
Ph lc 4: Li nhun sau thu ca cc ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam 2008 -2013
STT
Tn TCTD
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
1.569,398
2.114.270 3.837
5.746
5.866
5.792
1.418,453
1943.473
2.506
3.502
3.242
4.031
1214.919
3947,644
4.521
4.528
4.269
4.358
1661.358
3003.418
2.891
3.870
3.260
1.357
49,139
49,001
81
86
96
18
316,650
180,476
1.202
788
226
330
1048,948
1468,296
2003
2031
1224
2229
5
6
7
495,548
546,824
634
922
769
328
722,687
1144.421
1822
3051
2117
659
10
9,824
53,992
134
241
184
135
11
2276.168
1879.145
2366
3476
699
826
156,396
207,141
791
300
297
173
166,029
1846,194
413
815
525
1018
1032,082
2076
3432
803
659
12
13
14
15
587,387
458,716
2032
2129
2268
2276
16
118,498
150,410
140
164
34
192
17
164,579
290,372
767
624
499
50
18
330,128
140,120
727
137
120
152
19
62,134
301,308
756
646
309
189
56,941
317,947
194
(725)
(2517)
38
60,399
193,144
269
426
96
218
20
21
22
64,224
299,494
483
318
360
141
23
96,231
224,995
388
215
132
18
24
65,421
208,983
321
306
231
241
148
25
466,532
26
47,927
27
23,295
36,665
73,679
154,779
28
Ngn
hng
TMCP
Xng
du
Petrolimex
679,399
282
224
31
43
97
375
191
236
161
(8835)
461
252
38
63
29
67,023
105,111
162
383
142
30
100,043
123,312
52
143
48
31
144,504
194,397
493
736
(87)
32
58,950
154,810
227
240
110
33
37,253
101,075
195
393
348
313
34
72,182
209,995
271
251
244
60
22,433
41,859
60
364
23
443,588
540,053
683
977
868
565
35
Ngn
hng
TMCP
Vit
Nam
Thng tn
850
36
37
8,956
54,739
52
270
171
135
38
51,658
67,481
168
74
(1393)
381
39
133
125
93
106
40
468,531
390,970
476
380,441
41
55,974
65,540
115
125,748
17,337
190,588
410
194,680
42
149
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
15.38% 17.26%
25.05%
23.90%
21.70%
13.20%
10.68% 13.15%
12.93%
14.94%
13.34%
13.80%
Nam
Ngn hng u t v Pht
Nam
10.04% 32.33%
29.12%
18.54%
13.77%
10.40%
10.29% 17.64%
11.80%
11.79%
8.89%
3.50%
4.46%
4.33%
3.77%
2.76%
3.05%
0.00%
18.24% 29.79%
24.22%
8.94%
2.48%
3.60%
thng tn
15.19% 18.79%
18.89%
16.66%
9.96%
14.50%
16.73% 16.74%
15.21%
18.87%
14.76%
5.50%
khu
5.72%
9.01%
13.92%
23.00%
15.70%
4.30%
10
0.77%
4.22%
8.11%
7.86%
5.99%
4.10%
11
34.14% 25.04%
25.29%
33.19%
6.33%
6.60%
11.95% 13.66%
35.69%
8.45%
8.76%
4.90%
7.06%
7.63%
11.67%
15.75%
9.44%
14.20%
N/A
35.37%
32.17%
35.89%
7.30%
4.80%
cng thng
Ngn hng TMCP Vit Nam
13
thnh vng
14
15
14.29% 19.52%
22.62%
24.83%
22.27%
16.20%
16
8.47%
8.41%
5.27%
5.31%
1.10%
6.00%
17
7.67%
19.70%
18.45%
8.30%
6.50%
0.60%
8.03%
6.25%
11.91%
2.54%
2.21%
2.70%
19
4.34%
17.36%
24.65%
15.54%
7.37%
4.30%
20
Ton Cu
5.64%
9.25%
7.64%
23.48%
-92.44%
0.00%
21
3.75%
12.02%
14.60%
13.66%
3.04%
3.10%
150
STT Tn TCTD
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
1.59%
7.36%
11.57%
7.20%
8.08%
2.60%
3.82%
8.65%
13.29%
5.67%
3.30%
0.40%
Nh TPHCM
22
23
Nam
Ngn hng TMCP Phng
24
ng
4.31%
11.48%
12.37%
8.87%
6.56%
6.20%
25
17.86% 19.67%
6.44%
5.07%
0.40%
0.30%
26
6.83%
4.65%
11.94%
6.03%
0.00%
N/A
27
4.17%
3.54%
10.42%
5.27%
281.80%
Petrolimex
7.29%
15.20%
0.00%
21.51%
9.52%
1.20%
29
13.11% 13.72%
6.75%
10.03%
3.69%
1.60%
30
9.90%
12.12%
3.42%
4.71%
1.55%
Ni
9.38%
15.23%
16.89%
14.47%
-1.18%
8.60%
32
5.79%
15.16%
15.70%
7.87%
3.54%
33
3.69%
9.98%
9.66%
12.83%
11.30%
9.10%
34
5.12%
14.09%
11.33%
7.53%
7.29%
1.70%
Thng tn
2.24%
4.17%
2.96%
12.05%
0.75%
36
13.44% 15.38%
18.01%
15.45%
13.08%
7.70%
37
0.85%
5.21%
3.68%
8.91%
5.62%
4.20%
38
5.17%
11.57%
7.39%
2.43%
-35.78%
10.90%
39
8.79%
8.05%
4.01%
3.30%
40
16.11% 13.03%
15.06%
6.84%
41
9.07%
8.02%
7.53%
5.46%
2.98%
9.53%
10.99%
4.13%
Tn Ngha
151
Tn TCTD
Ngn hng Cng thng Vit
Nam
Ngn hng u t v Pht trin
Vit Nam
Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit
Nam
Ngn hng NNo&PTNTVN
Ngn hng Pht trin nh ng
bng sng Cu Long
Ngn hng TMCP Hng hi
Ngn hng TMCP Si Gn
thng tn
Ngn hng TMCP ng
Ngn hng TMCP Xut nhp
khu
Ngn hng TMCP Nam
Ngn hng TMCP Chu
Ngn hng TMCP Si Gn cng
thng
Ngn hng TMCP Vit Nam
thnh vng
Ngn hng TMCP K Thng
Ngn hng TMCP Qun i
Ngn hng TMCP Bc
Ngn hng TMCP Quc t
Ngn hng TMCP ng Nam
Ngn hng TMCP i Dng
Ngn hng TMCP Du kh Ton
Cu
Ngn hng TMCP Pht trin Nh
TPHCM
Ngn hng TMCP An Bnh
Ngn hng TMCP Phng Nam
Ngn hng TMCP Phng ng
Ngn hng TMCP Si Gn
Ngn hng TMCP i
Ngn hng TMCP i Tn
Ngn hng TMCP Xng du
Petrolimex
Ngn hng TMCP Mekkong
Ngn hng Phng Ty
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
0.72%
0.91%
1.24%
1.2%
1.18%
1.10%
0.54%
0.69%
0.75%
0.8%
0.72%
0.80%
0.56%
0.36%
1.66%
0.64%
1.47%
0.58%
1.2%
0.7%
1.08%
0.55%
1.00%
0.20%
0.14%
0.71%
0.13%
1.37%
0.18%
1.25%
0.2%
0.7%
0.22%
0.21%
0.00%
0.30%
1.27%
1.27%
1.62%
1.34%
1.59%
1.30%
1.4%
1.4%
0.83%
1.14%
1.40%
0.50%
1.31%
0.15%
1.61%
1.89%
0.61%
1.20%
1.81%
1.06%
1.25%
1.7%
1.3%
1.2%
1.19%
1.05%
0.31%
0.40%
0.60%
0.50%
1.35%
1.77%
5.54%
1.9%
1.89%
1.20%
0.81%
#VALUE!
1.31%
1.00%
0.39%
1.51%
0.30%
0.75%
2.21%
1.85%
1.12%
0.93%
1.10%
1.11%
0.96%
1.71%
1.89%
0.67%
1.02%
1.47%
1.55%
1.0%
1.9%
1.5%
0.6%
0.6%
0.1%
1.0%
0.90%
0.40%
1.30%
0.50%
0.10%
0.20%
0.30%
0.51%
0.98%
0.59%
0.44%
1.45%
0.11%
0.62%
0.14%
0.49%
0.86% -2.7% 11.20%
0.42%
0.33%
0.37%
0.67%
1.08%
1.33%
1.15%
1.37%
0.73%
1.86%
1.38%
1.00%
1.53%
0.82%
1.89%
0.49%
1.06%
0.30%
0.30%
0.00%
0.80%
0.00%
0.00%
0.49%
0.55%
1.67%
0.23%
0.82%
0.18%
0.87%
0.03%
0.94%
0.6% 41.36%
0.83%
2.91%
3.24%
1.59%
4.27%
1.82%
0.00%
1.62%
0.53%
2.6%
3.6%
0.7%
0.20%
0.80%
0.9%
0.8%
0.3%
1.2%
0.3%
1.7%
1.34%
1.45%
0.27%
0.00%
152
STT
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
Tn TCTD
Ngn hng TMCP Si Gn-H
Ni
Ngn hng TMCP Nam Vit
Ngn hng TMCP Kin Long
Ngn hng TMCP Vit
Ngn hng TMCP Vit Nam
Thng tn
Ngn hng TMCP Lin Vit
Ngn hng Bn Vit
Ngn hng TMCP Tin Phong
Ngn hng TMCP Bo Vit
Ngn hng TMCP Nh H Ni
Ngn hng TMCP Nht
Ngn hng TMCP Vit Nam Tn
Ngha
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
0.70%
1.01%
0.43%
0.86%
0.64%
1.36%
0.95%
1.71%
1.55%
1.24%
1.16%
1.94%
1.34%
1.0%
1.1%
2.2%
1.1%
-0.09%
0.50%
1.88%
1.03%
0.90%
3.79%
0.86%
3.66%
1.22%
0.00%
1.71%
3.65%
1.93%
1.15%
1.35%
4.13%
0.50%
2.56%
0.98%
1.06%
1.25%
1.38%
2.44%
2.0%
1.7%
1.6%
0.3%
0.9%
0.7%
0.4%
0.13%
1.40%
0.90%
-6.72%
0.69%
0.21%
1.58%
1.22%
0.8%
1.60%
0.20%
0.80%
0.60%
1.60%
0.70%
Ph lc 7: Ch s CR v HHI
CR(4-NHNN)-Tin gi
CR(NHTMCP)-Tin gi
2009
2010
2011
2012
2009
2010
2011
2012
59.605968
35.05059
56.5554068
56.767732
43.867864
47.876645
48.653278
49.612857
CR(4-NHNN)-D n
59.6059684
35.05059
56.5554068
CR(NHTMCP)-D n
56.767732
40.394032
2009
988.4185
2010
851.03136
2011
2012
825.6665
802.534103
953.4244
953.452301
HHI( D n)
1329.610354
1106.509
556.294137
64.949407
43.444593
43.232268
153
Ph lc 7: N xu v CAR
STT
Tn TCTD
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Nam
1.8%
0.6%
0.7%
0.8%
1.5%
1.0%
2.6%
2.7%
2.5%
2.8%
2.7%
2.3%
Vit Nam
Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit
Nam
4.6%
2.5%
2.8%
2.0%
2.4%
2.7%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2.7%
thng tn
0.6%
0.6%
0.5%
0.6%
2.0%
1.5%
2.5%
1.3%
1.6%
1.7%
3.9%
4.0%
khu
4.7%
1.8%
1.4%
1.6%
1.3%
2.0%
10
0.0%
0.0%
2.2%
2.8%
2.5%
1.5%
11
0.9%
0.4%
0.3%
0.9%
2.5%
3.0%
0.7%
1.8%
1.9%
0.0%
2.9%
2.2%
thng
Ngn hng TMCP Vit Nam
13
thnh vng
0.0%
1.6%
1.2%
1.8%
2.7%
2.8%
14
0.0%
2.5%
2.3%
2.8%
2.7%
3.7%
15
1.8%
1.6%
1.3%
1.6%
1.8%
2.4%
16
0.0%
0.2%
1.5%
0.6%
5.7%
2.3%
17
1.8%
1.3%
0.0%
0.0%
2.6%
2.8%
18
0.0%
0.0%
2.1%
2.7%
0.0%
0.0%
19
1.4%
1.6%
1.7%
2.1%
3.5%
3.0%
Cu
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
35.8%
0.0%
21
1.9%
1.1%
0.8%
2.1%
2.4%
3.7%
154
STT
Tn TCTD
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
TPHCM
22
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
6.7%
23
2.3%
2.3%
1.8%
2.3%
3.0%
0.0%
24
2.9%
2.6%
2.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
25
0.6%
1.3%
11.4%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
26
0.5%
0.1%
0.7%
0.9%
0.0%
0.0%
27
28
Petrolimex
0.0%
0.0%
1.4%
2.1%
8.4%
3.0%
29
0.8%
2.9%
1.3%
2.1%
3.5%
2.6%
30
1.9%
2.8%
1.4%
2.2%
8.8%
4.1%
Ni
32
33
0.0%
1.2%
1.1%
2.8%
2.9%
0.0%
34
1.8%
1.3%
2.5%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Thng tn
36
0.0%
0.3%
0.4%
2.1%
2.7%
0.0%
37
1.2%
3.5%
4.1%
2.7%
1.9%
0.0%
38
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
3.7%
2.3%
39
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
40
41
42
Ngha
155
156
157
158
159
160
161