Tinh du ti - Phn 3: Phng php

chit tch tinh du ti

3.1.Phng php chng ct li cun hi nc

Quy trnh:
Lm sch nguyn liu: Lm sch lp v ti
trc khi chng ct v ti cn v s nh hng ti
hiu sut ca qu trnh chng ct
Gi nh: gip cho qu trnh chng ct xy
ra nhanh hn. Ti c th gi nh bi cc phng
php th cng hay dng my xay sinh t
Chng ct: Cn 200g ti c gi nh cho
vo bnh cu, lng nc a vo khong 2/3 bnh
cu. Tin hnh un 3 4h khi lng tinh du khng
tng na th kt thc qu trnh chng ct.
Lm kh tinh du thu c bng Na2SO4 khan.
Tinh du thu c c mu vng, mi hc, v
cay
Hm lng tinh du thu c theo phng
php chng ct li cun hi nc: 0,18 0,2%
3.2. Phng php dng dung mi hu c ete
du ha
Quy trnh:
Ti cng c lm sch v gi nh nh phng
php chng ct li cun hi nc
Cho 200g ti gi nh vo 300ml ete du ha
ngm khong 15 ngy

Lc: hn hp ti ngm trong ete du ha bng

phu Bucher, tch phn b v thu dung dch
Cho ton b dung dch lc thu c vo bnh
cu
.Lp h thng my c quay ( nhit 40oC;
s vng quay: 90 150 vng/pht. Khi thy dung
mi khng tch ra c na th dng ct.
Hm lng tinh du chit theo phng php
ny: 0,23 0,25%
So snh 2 phng php:
Nu dng phng php chit tinh du ti bng
dung mi hu c ete- du ha th hiu sut thu tinh
du s cao hn so vi phng php chng ct li
cun hi nc. Tuy nhin sn phm tinh du thu
c phng php dng dung mi ete du ha s
ng c khi nhit thp hn 40oC.
Tinh du ti - Phn 2: Tinh du ti
1.Thnh phn ca tinh du ti
Cc hp cht c trong tinh du ti
STT
Tn hp cht
1
2-propene -1 -ol
2
1-propene, 3,3-thiobis-sulfide
3
methyl-trans-propenyl-disulfide
4
disulfide, di-2-propenyl
5
trisulfide, methyl 2-propenyl
6
2-vinyl-4h-1,3-dithiin
7
trisulfide, di-2-propenyl

%
0.7
1.4
1.1
37.2
5.6
0.9
49.6

diallyl tetrasulphide

1.8

* Hp cht
T trng:

Trisulfide, di-2-propenyl
1.116 0.06 g/cm3

IUPAC:
KLPT:
im si:
CTPT:

3-prop-2- enylsulfanyldisulfanylprop-1-ene
178.3386000g
95.00 - 97.00 C
C6H10S3

im chp
chy:

62.78 C

* Hp cht
T trng:

Disulfide, di-2-propenyl : 37.2

%
1,01 g/cm3

IUPAC:
KLPT:
im si:
CTPT:

4,5- Dithiaocta 1,7-diene

146.28 g
180oC
C6H10S2

* Hp cht
T trng:

Diallyl tetrasulphide (di-2-propenyl

tetrasulfide)
1.211 0.06 g/cm3

IUPAC:
KLPT:
im si:
CTPT:

3-prop-2-enyldisulfanyldisulfanylprop-1-ene
210.4036000
180oC
C6H10S4

* Hp
cht

Trisulfide, methyl 2-propenyl (methyl allyl

trisulfide)

IUPAC

3-methylsulfanyldisulfanylprop-1-eneBottom of
Form

CTPT:
T trng:
KLPT:

C4H8S3
1.157 0.06 g/cm3
152.3013200

* Hp
2- vinyl 4h 1,3 dithiin: 0,9%
cht :
2. Mt s tnh cht c bn:
- Alliin: di tc dng ca men allinase to
thnh allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate)
Allicin: l cht lng khng mu, d bay
hi, gy mi
T trng: d = 1,112

c im: km bn, tng i c hot tnh

ha hc ( kh nng chng vi khun). trong nc
( t = 23oC), chu k phn hy : 30 40 ngy
Do d phn hy nn khi chung ct khng
tm thy allicin c mt trong tinh du
- S phn hy ca Allicin: to ra 3-vinyl6H-1,2-dithiin
- S phn hy ca Allicin: to ra 2-vinyl4H-1,3-dithiin
- Diallyl Disulphide kt hp vi Oxi s to
thnh Diallyl Disulphide Oxide - C6H10OS2 - tc
Alicin
Thng thng, phn trm nhng hp cht
nh : 2- propen 1 ol; 1-propene, 3,3-thiobissulfide s tng khi nhit v thi gian chit tng
ln nhng nhng hp cht ca lu hunh nh :
dimethyl disulfide; methyl 2 propenyl disulfide;
dimetyl trisulfide v di 2 propenyl trisulfide s
gim
Khi nhit v thi gian chit tng th
nhng hp cht ca lu hunh t 2, 3 lu hunh s
chuyn xung hp cht mt lu hunh
3.Tnh cht tinh du ti:
- T trng 20oC: 1,092
- nht 20oC : 1,73
- Tinh du : mu vng, mi hc, v cay
4. ng dng tinh du ti:
Mi mt loi tinh du c mt c tnh ring
v c nhng tc dng cha bnh ring trong hot
ng ca vic tr liu bng Aromatherapy.

Mt im chung ca cc loi tinh du nguyn cht

l tt c chng u c cng dng dit khun d
nhiu hay t.
Ngoi ra, tinh du c th nh thc gic quan con
ngi, xoa du nhng cng
thng, lo u v tr li v thanh xun cho da, tinh
du ang c coi nh mt liu php thn k cho
phi p khi n spa.
Tinh du l tn gi chung nhng hn hp
gm nhiu cht hu c d bay hi (ch yu gm
cc tecpen v tecpenoit) c tch ra t thc vt.
L cht lng, khng tan trong nc, tan trong cc
dung mi hu c. C tnh quang hot; trong khng
kh, b oxi ho lm thay i mu v mi.
H thc vt c tinh du gm khong 3 nghn loi,
trong khong 150 - 200 loi c ngha cng
nghip. Phng php ph bin tch tinh du t
cy c l chng ct bng hi nc. Nu cc cht c
trong tinh du b phn hu khi chng ct bng hi
nc th ngi ta dng phng php chit bng
dung mi hu c (vd. ete du ho, benzen, metilen
clorua, vv.).
Tinh du ti, nc ti, dch ngm ti u c
tc dng khng khun mnh ph rng, khng
khun v c ch khun. Ti v tm c tc dng
khng khun mnh hn ti v trng. Ti ch lm
thuc u c tc dng i vi cc loi khun khng
vi streptomycin, penicillin, chloromycetin,

aureomycin. Ti cng c tc dng c ch nm

vng su v nng ca c th, nng ca du ti
c tc dng i vi nm l 1mcg/1ml.
- Ti c tc dng chng ung th, c kh nng lm
gim t l pht sinh ung th bao t.
- Ti c tc dng chng amip v trng roi
(trichomonas).
- Ti c tc dng h lipid huyt, c ch cc mng
x cng ng mch hnh thnh, tng hot tnh
dung gii ca fibrin, c ch s lm tng ngng tp
tiu cu ca ADP v Adrenalin, c tc dng h p.
- Ti c tc dng lm tng chuyn dng lymph
bo, nng cao kh nng min dch ca c th.
- Ti cn c tc dng tt nh h ng huyt v
ci thin tnh trng nhim c ch mn tnh.
5. Nhng lp lun v c ch cha bnh ca
ti
Cc nh nghin cu cho rng mi khi ung th u
tri qua ba giai on pht trin, v giai on no
chng cng b ti chng ph. Trong giai on u
tin, hot ng ca oxy trong c th qua qu trnh
oxy ha chuyn thc n thnh nng lng sn
sinh ra cc gc t do (loi cht c hi) gy thng
tn cc t bo khin n pht trin bt thng. Vic
n ti hng ngy (v mt s rau qu giu cht
chng oxy ha) c th v hiu ha cc gc t do.
Cc cht chng oxy ha trong ti c kh nng tn
cng khi u trc khi n c th nhen nhm. Vic b
sung cc vitamin C, E, beta-caroten cng c tc

dng nhng khng mnh bng ti v ch xanh (c

tc dng mnh gp 10 ln). giai on th hai l
giai on pht bnh, nhng t bo ung th s pht
trin nhanh nu cc h thng min dch ban u b
ph v. Lc ny ti s c tc dng ngn khng cho
cc t bo ung th pht trin, tiu dit s pht
trin ca nhng mch mu mi nui sng khi u.
Tinh du ti - Phn 1: Tng quan cy ti
1. Tn khoa hc
Alliun satium L.
Tn khc: i ton (Trung Quc), Ail (Php),
Garlic (Anh).
B phn dng: Thn d ca cy ti (Bulbus
Allii sativi).
2. Ging ti
- Ti a phng: ti gi, ti tru trng nhiu cc
tnh min ni pha Bc. Cc tnh Duyn hi min
Trung thng trng cc ging ti nhp ni c to cn
gi l ti ty (Nhm Allium Porrum L.).
- Ti trng: L xanh m to bn, c to, ng knh
c 4 - 4,5 cm khi thu hoch v la c mu trng.
Kh nng bo qun km hay b p.

- Ti ta: l dy, cng, mu l xanh nht, c chc

v cay hn ti trng. Dc thn gn c c mu ta.
Khi thu hoch c mu trng ng. Mi c c 10-11
nhnh (tp), ng knh c 3,5- 4 cm. Ging ny c
hng v c bit nn c trng nhiu hn ging
ti trng.
Nng sut ca 2 ging trn t trung bnh 5-8 tn
c kh/Ha.
Tnh v: Theo ng y, ti v cay, tnh n, hi c,
vo hai kinh can v v
3. M t cy
Ti l cy nh c c (thn d) trng lm gia v,
khp ni trn th gii t rt xa xa, nhng th
xy dng Kim t thp Gizeh Ai Cp n rt
nhiu ti.
4. Thu hi, ch bin, ging
Khi ti gi, l bt u vng a, th thu hoch ct b
phn l, gi li mt on thn, phi kh vi nng,
ri kh trong bng rm l c.
C thng phm thu hoch sau khi trng 125 - 130
ngy lc l gi, gn kh. Nh c, gi sch t b
thnh chm, treo trn dy ch thong bo
qun. Nu c nhiu vo kho, trn gin nhiu
tng.

C ging phi c thi gian sinh trng trn 140

ngy. Chn nhng c ng knh 3,5 - 4cm, c 10 12 nhnh, khng b bnh ring, b thnh b nh
treo ni thong mt hoc trn gc bp.
5. c im sinh l sinh thi
Xut x ca hnh ti ni chung cc nc Trung .
Do vy ti a nhit mt v l cy chu lnh.
Nhit cn thit cy sinh trng v pht trin
l 18-20oC to c cn nhit 20-22o C. pH
thch hp t 6 - 6,5. t thch hp l tht nh ti
xp giu mn. m t ty vo giai on sinh
trng, pht trin ca cy, cn mc 70-80% cho
pht trin tgan l, 60% cho c ln. Thiu nc, cy
pht trin km, c nh. Ngc li, nu tha nc
cy s pht sinh bnh thi t, thi nhn, nh
hng ti qu trnh bo qun c.
Thi v:Ma v thch hp cho ti l: trng vo
thng 9 - 10, thu hoch c vo thng 1 - 2.
- ng bng Sng Hng: Trng 25/9-5/10. Thu
hoch 30/1- 5/2.
- Khu vc min Trung: Trng thng 9-10. Thu
hoch thng 1-2.
6. K thut trng
6.1. Lm t, trng c

t trng ti:chn t loi tht nh, ti xp, giu

mn, chn vn, d thot nc. Sau khi gt xong la
ma sm, lm t k v ln lung ngay trnh
gp ma mun. pH thch hp 6,0-6,5. Ngun
nc khng b nhim t cc khu cng nghip,
bnh vin, khu ngha trang v phi xa ng quc
l.
t lm k, ln lung rng 1,2 - 1,5 m, rnh rng
0,3m. Sau khi ln lun, rch hng bn phn. Mi
lung trng 5-6 hng, khong cch hng 20cm.
Ti ging chn nhng nhnh t c chc, khi lng
c 12-15 g, c 10-12 nhnh. Mi ha cn 1 tn ti
ging (370kg/so). Khong cch trng mi nhnh
8-10 cm. Khi trng xong ph mt lp rm r bm
ngn ln lung mt du 5cm giu m v hn
ch c mc.
6.2. Bn phn
Phn hu c ch dng loi ngm . Khng c
dng phn ti hoc nc phn ti ti cho
cy. Lng phn b nh sau:
Loi
phn

Tng s

Bn lt

Bn thc

kg/s kg/s kg/s kg/s t t t

o
o
o
o
t1 2
3
4

Phn 20.00 740

chun 0
g

20.00 740
0

m
ure

300

11

100

2,0 2,0 2,0 1,5

Ln
supe

500

18,5 500

18,5 -

3,0

Kali
240
sunph
at

80

3,5

1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5

6.3. Cch bn
- Bn phn lt ng thi khi lm t
- Bn thc: Bn phn m v phn kali cn li kt
hp vi c t xi xo
6.4. Chm sc
Ti nc u n khi cy mc v khi c 3 - 4 l
tht th ti nc vo rnh, nc thm ln dn.
C thi gian sinh trng ti 4 - 5 ln. Trc mi
ln ti rnh nn kt hp bn thc phn ha hc
(s m v kali cn li).

6.5. Phng tr su bnh

Cy ti thng b cc bnh sau y:
-Bnh sng mai (Peronospora destructor
Unger.) xut hin vo cui thng 11 dng lch, khi
c nhit thp v m khng kh cao. Phng
bnh tt nht l trc khi bnh xut hin phun nh
k dung dch Boc 1% (1 kg phn xanh + 1 kg
vi cc + 100 lt nc l) hoc Zineb 0,3%
Ngoi ra, nhng ngy c sng nn ti ra sng
cho cy hoc rc tro bp cng l bin php tt.
- Bnh than en (Urocystis cepula Prost.). Bnh
xut hin trn c, khi c sp thu hoch v c trong
thi k bo qun. Cch ly nhng c b bnh. Dng
Zineb 0,3% phun tr.
7. Cc hoat cht trong ti
- Tinh du: 0,1-0,36% . bao gm hp cht
sunphua:
+ Allicin: 2- propene -1 sufinothionic acid S
2 propenyl ester(C6H10S2)
CTPT

C6H10OS2

KLPT

162.28 g/mol

T trng

1.112 g/cm3

im chy

<25 C

L hot cht mnh nht v quan trng nht ca ti,

n khng hin din trong ti, tuy nhin, khi c
ct mng hoc p dp v di s xc tc ca men
anilza, cht allin c sn trong ti bin thnh allicin.
Do , cng ct nh hoc cng p nt, hot tnh
cng cao. Mt k ti c th cho ra t 1 - 2g allicin.
Allicin d bin cht sau khi c sn xut ra. Cng
lu, cng mt bt hot tnh. un nu s y
nhanh qu trnh mt cht ny. un qua l vi sng
s ph hy hon ton cht allicin. Allicin l mt
cht khng sinh t nhin rt mnh, mnh hn c
penicillin.
+ Allyl disulfide: 4 5 dithia 1,7- octadiene
(C6H10S2)
+ Allyl trisulfide: (C6H10S3)
Hot cht ny khng mnh bng allicin. Tuy nhin,
sulfide khng h hoi nhanh nh allicin v vn gi
c dc tnh khi nu. Ging nh allicin, cng gi
nh cng sinh ra nhiu sulfide, nu nu nguyn c
ti s khng c hiu lc.
+ Hp cht khc

* Ajoene :c cng hiu nh Aspirin

* 1-propene
* 1-propene, 3,3-thiobis-sulfide methyl-transpropenyl-disulfide
* methyl-trans-propenyl-disulfide
* diallyl tetrasulphide
- Cacbonhydrat: 75%
- Protein: 15 - 17%
* peroxdase
* myrosinase
* alliinase
* alliin: (S)-3-(2-Propenylsulfinyl)-L-alanine;
C6H11NO3S
* lipid (< 1,2%),
- Vitamin: B1, C, PP, B2
- Cht khong: it, canxi, pht pho, magi; germani
v selen