BI BO CO TH NGHIM THC HNH HA L

BI 4. HP PH
Danh sch nhm
Tn
H Hong Long Thnh
Nguyn Thnh Lun
V Hong Xun Nghi
ng Th Thu Tho
Bi Nguyn Minh Hiu
I.

MSSV
K39.201.099
K39.106.055
K39.106.071
K39.106.101
K39.106.034

MC CH TH NGHIM
1. Kho st s hp th trn ranh gii cc pha rn v lng.
2. Xy dng ng ng nhit hp ph Freundlich, trn c s xc nh cc hng s
kinh nghim a v n.

II.

C S L THUYT
S hp ph l hin tng thay i nng ca cht trn ranh gii pha so vi trong
lng ca pha. S hp ph ph thuc vo bn cht cht hp ph v cht b hp ph, ph
thuc vo nhit , vo nng dung dch (nu s hp ph xy ra trong pha lng) hoc p
sut (nu s hp ph xy ra trong pha kh). Ngi ta phn bit 2 loi lc hp ph:
Lc c bn cht vt l: lc Van der Waals.
Lc c bn cht ha hc, ch yu biu hin khi s hp ph xy ra trn b mt
cht rn. Khi , gia vt rn v cc phn t b hp ph hnh thnh lin kt
cng ha tr hoc phi tr.
Da vo 2 loi lc hp ph ny, ngi ta chia s hp ph thnh s hp ph vt l v s
hp ph ha hc. S hp ph vt l t ph thuc vo nhit (nhit hp ph vo khong
vi chc kJ i vi 1 mol) ; trong khi s hp ph ha hc li ph thuc kh nhiu vo
nhit (nhit hp ph khong vi trm kJ i vi 1 mol).
Trong s hp ph vt l, qu trnh hp ph c m t 1 cch nh lng bng
phng trnh ng nhit hp ph ca Freundlich:

1
x
aC n
m

trong ,

x l lng cht b hp ph bi 1 cht hp ph c khi lng m v nm cn

bng vi dung dch c nng cht tan C

a v n l nhng hng s c trng cho 1 qu trnh hp ph xc nh.

Nu t

x
ln trc tung ; cn trc honh t C, th th thu c l 1 ng cong
m

(xem Hnh 1).

x
theo C hu nh l ng thng, v khu vc nng
m
x
x
nh,
t l thun vi C, tc l y n = 1. khu vc nng cao,
t ti gi tr hn,
m
m

Thot u, s bin thin ca

tc l xy ra s bo ha hon ton, iu ny ng vi trng hp khi ton b b mt cht

1
hp ph b bao ph bi cc phn t cht b hp ph. y = 0. Ly logarit phng trnh
n
ng nhit hp ph ta c:
lg

x
1
= lga + lgC
m
n

 th thu c trong h ta (lg

x
theo lgC) s l ng thng (Hnh 2). Da vo
m

y ta c th xc nh c cc hng s a v n.

Hnh 2. ng nhit hp th dng logarit

III.

HNG DN THC HNH

T dung dch CH3COOH 2M pha long thnh cc dung dch c nng v dung tch
theo bng di y:
Bnh
Th tch dung dch
(ml)
Nng (mol/l)

1
100

2
100

3
100

4
100

5
100

6
100

0.0125

0.025

0.05

0.1

0.2

0.4

c c nng chnh xc ca axit, phi chun dung dch axit va pha

ra bng dung dch NaOH, vi phenolphtalein lm ch th. Mun vy, dng pipet ly
20ml dung dch axit bnh 1 v 2 ; ly 10ml dung dch bnh 3 v 4 ; v 5ml dung dch
bnh 5 v 6 em chun .
Cn 3g than hot tnh nghin nh v cho vo mi bnh, lc k trong 30 pht. Lc qua
giy lc. Ly nc lc vi lng nh ln chun trc mi bnh chun axit. Hiu
kt qu gia 2 ln chun (sau khi quy v 100ml dung dch) cho ta lng axit x b
hp ph bi 3g than trong 100ml dung dch.

IV.

X L KT QU TH NGHIM
Kt qu th nghim c ghi vo bng sau:

Kt qu cha quy i:
Th tch NaOH 0.1M tiu th chun
axit ban u (ml)

Th tch NaOH 0.1M tiu th chun

axit sau hp ph (ml)

2.5
4.9
4.8
10.1
10.3
19.4

1.3
2.5
2.9
7.5
8.2
16.3

Kt qu quy i:
Th tch
NaOH 0.1M
tiu th
chun
axit ban u (
quy i ra
100ml)
12.5
24.5
48
101
206
388

Th tch
NaOH 0.1M
tiu th
chun axit
sau hp ph (
quy i ra
100ml)
6.5
12.5
29
75
164
326

x
Tnh theo
s ml dd
NaOH

Tnh bng
s gam
axit

M (g)

C (M)

x
m

6
12
19
26
40
62

0.036
0.072
0.114
0.156
0.24
0.372

3
3
3
3
3
3

0.0065
0.0125
0.029
0.075
0.164
0.326

0.012
0.024
0.038
0.052
0.08
0.124

lg

x
m

-1.92
-1.62
-1.42
-1.28
-1.09
-0.91

lgC

-2.19
-1.9
-1.53
-1.12
-0.79
-0.49

 th

x
theo C
m

Hnh 1. ng nhit hp ph

x/m
0.14
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02

C
0
0

th lg

Log x/m

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

x
theo lgC
m

Hnh 2. ng nhit hp ph dng logarit

0

-2.5

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0
-0.5

-1

-1.5

-2
y = 1.7758x + 1.1021
-2.5

Log C

0.35

lg

x
1
= lga + lgC
m
n

T phng trnh ta c
lga=1.1021 a= 12,65
1
= 1.7758 n=0,5631
n