EJERCICIO1

Elpilardelafigura,cuyascaractersticasson:
Altura:3m
Seccincuadrada,delado,a=0.3m
Mdulodeelasticidad,E=25109 N/m2
Amortiguamiento,c=3872Nseg/m
Sustentaunamasade500Kg
Despreciandolamasadelpilar,seconsideraunsistemadinmicodeungradode
libertad,correspondientealmovimientohorizontaldelamasa
Sepide:
1)Determinarelfactordeamortiguamientoylafrecuenciaamortiguadadelsistema
2)Sidesplazamoslamasa2cmdesuposicindeequilibrioyladejamoslibre:
2.1.)Determinarsuposicin0.3seg despus
2.2.)Determinarsuposicindespusde7ciclos

3m

3m

a=0.3m.
E=25109 N/m2.
c=3872Nseg/m.
m=5000Kg.
masapilar 0.

9
1 0.34
3

25

10

3EI
7 N
12
=

0
.
1875
10
1) k = 3 =
m
33
h

k
0.1875 107
=
=
= 19,36 r
s
m
5000

c = cc = 2m
c
3872
=
=
= 0.02
2m 2 5000 19.36

1 = 1 2 = 19.36 1 0.02 2 = 19.356 r s

2)

m&x& + cx& + kx = 0

& (0) + x(0)

t x
x = e
sen1t + x(0) cos 1t
1

x(0) = 2cm = 0.02m

En t = 0
x&(0) = 0
En t =0.3s:

19.36 0.2 0.02

x=e
sen19.356 0.3 +

19,356

+ 0.02 cos19.356 0.3 ) = 0.0157 m = 1.57cm

19.360.020.3

Despusdesieteciclos:
x(0)
= e 7T1
x(0 + 7T1 )
2
x(0)
L
= 7T1 = 7
14
x(0 + 7T1 )
1
14

x ( 0)
=
x(0 + 7T1 )

x(0) 2(cm)
x(0 + 7T1 ) = 14 = 14 0.02 = 0.829cm
e
e

EJERCICIO2
Unaestructuraest construidaporundintelhorizontalBCquepesa3t,
soportadopordospilaresdepesodespreciable,AByDC,cadaunodelos
cualestieneunarigidezaflexinde4t/m
1. Considerandounsistemadeungradodelibertad,correspondiente al
movimientohorizontaldeldintel,supuestosteinfinitamentergido,
obtenerlafrecuencianaturaldelsistema
2. Siseprovocaundesplazamientode2cmeneldintelysesuelta, obtener
laecuacindesumovimiento,considerandoquenoexiste
amortiguamiento
3. Alregistrarlasvibracioneslibresseobservaqueeldesplazamiento
mximodecadaoscilacinesun10%inferioraldelaoscilacinanterior.
Determinarelamortiguamiento,eldecrementologartmicoyelfactorde
amortiguamiento

3t

K(pilar)=4t/cm.
D

k
1) =
;
m

3
8

10
9.8
5 N
t
=
=
78
.
4

10
k = 2 4
cm
m
10 2

m = 3103 kg
78.4 105
r
51
.
12
=
=
s
3 103

51.12
f =
= 8.14 Hz
2

2)Oscilacioneslibressiamortiguamiento.

m&x& + kx = 0
x = C1sent + C2 cos t
t = 0;

x = 0.02

x& = C1 cos t C2 sent

x& (0) = 0 = C1 ;

C1 = 0

x = 2 cos 51.12t (cm)

x(t )
1
=L
=L
= 0.105;
x(t + T1 )
0.9

3)
= Le

T1

= T1 =

1 2

2
1 2

0.1052 (1 2 ) = 4 2 2 = 0.017

c = cc
cc = 2m = 2 3 10 51.12 = 306.72 10 N
3

c = 0.017 306.72 103 = 5.214 103 N

x = e t (C1sen1t + C2 cos 1t );

= 0.017; = 51.12;

t = 0;

1 51.12 r s ;

x(0) = 0.02m = C2 (= 2 );

x& = e t (C1sen1t + C2 cos 1t ) +

+e

x& (0) = 0;

(C11 cos 1t C21sen1t );

0 = C2 + C11 ;

C2
C1 =
C2 = 0.017 2 = 0.034;
1

x = e 51.120.017 t (0.034sen51.12t + 2 cos 51.12t ) (cm)

Para t = T1 =

= 0.123s;

x = e 51.120.0170.123 (0.034 sen(51.12 x0.123) +

+ 2 cos(51.12 0.123) ) = 1.798cm 1.80cm = 0.9 2