Kha hc LTH mn Ton Thy NG VIT HNG

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03. BI TON GII TAM GIC P1

Thy ng Vit Hng [VH]
I. X L NG CAO, TRUNG TRC TRONG TAM GIC
V d 1: [VH]. Tam gic ABC c C(4; 5), cc ng cao d1: 5x + 3y 4 = 0; d2: 3x + 8y + 13 = 0. Vit
phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic ABC.
V d 2: [VH]. (Trich tp ch ton hc v tui tr, thng 10/2007)
Cho tam gic ABC c nh A(2; 2).
a) Lp phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic bit cc ng cao k t B v C ln lt c phng trnh:
9x 3y 4 = 0 v x + y 2 = 0.
b) Lp phng trnh ng thng qua A v vung gc AC.
V d 3: [VH]. (Trich tp ch ton hc v tui tr, thng 10/2007)
Cho tam gic ABC c A(2; 1) v cc ng cao c phng trnh 2x y + 1 = 0; 3x + y + 2= 0. Vit phng
trnh ng trung tuyn qua nh A ca tam gic.
V d 4: [VH]. Phng trnh hai cnh ca mt tam gic trong mt phng to l 5x 2y + 6 = 0 v 4x +
7y 21 = 0. Vit phng trnh cnh th ba ca tam gic bit trc tm tam gic trng vi gc to .
II. X L TRUNG TUYN TRONG TAM GIC
V d 1: [VH]. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ABC c ta nh B(3; 5) , phng trnh
ng cao h t nh A v ng trung tuyn h t nh C ln lt l d1 : 2x 5y + 3 = 0 v d2 : x + y 5 =
0. Tm ta cc nh A v C ca tam gic ABC.
Li gii :
5b 3
Gi M l trung im AB th M d2 nn M (a;5 a) . nh A d1 nn A
;b .
2

x + xB = 2 x M
4a 5b = 3
a = 2
M l trung im AB: A
A(1; 1).

2 a + b = 5
b = 1
y A + yB = 2 y M
Phng trnh BC: 5x + 2 y 25 = 0 ; C = d2 BC C(5; 0).
V d 2: [VH]. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh A(3; 4). Phng trnh
ng trung trc cnh BC, ng trung tuyn xut pht t C ln lt l d1 : x + y 1 = 0 v

d2 : 3 x y 9 = 0 . Tm ta cc nh B, C ca tam gic ABC.

Li gii :
Gi C (c;3c 9) d2 v M l trung im ca BC M (m;1 m) d1 .
2m c + 3 7 2m 3c
B(2m c;11 2m 3c) . Gi I l trung im ca AB, ta c I
;
.

2
2
2m c + 3 7 2m 3c
V I (d2 ) nn 3.

9 = 0 m = 2 M(2; 1)
2
2
Phng trnh BC: x y 3 = 0 . C = BC d2 C (3; 0) B(1; 2) .

V d 3: [VH]. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC bit A(5; 2). Phng trnh ng
trung trc cnh BC, ng trung tuyn CC ln lt l x + y 6 = 0 v 2x y + 3 = 0. Tm ta cc nh
ca tam gic ABC.
Li gii :
Gi C (c; 2c + 3) v I (m;6 m) l trung im ca BC. Suy ra: B(2m c; 9 2m 2c) .
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Kha hc LTH mn Ton Thy NG VIT HNG

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2m c + 5 11 2m 2c
V C l trung im ca AB nn: C '
;
CC '
2
2

2m c + 5 11 2m 2c
5 41
5
nn 2
+3 = 0 m = I ; .

2
2
6

6 6
14 37
19 4
Phng trnh BC: 3 x 3y + 23 = 0 C ; B ; .
3 3
3 3
V d 4: [VH]. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c A(2;1) . ng cao BH c
phng trnh x 3y 7 = 0 . ng trung tuyn CM c phng trnh x + y + 1 = 0 . Xc nh to cc nh
B, C. Tnh din tch tam gic ABC.
Li gii :
AC qua A v vung gc vi ng cao BH ( AC ) : x 3y 7 = 0 .
x 3y 7 = 0
To im C l nghim ca h:
C(4; 5) .
x + y + 1 = 0
2 + xB
1 + yB
2 + x B 1 + yB
Trung im M ca AB c: x M =
; yM =
. M (CM )
+
+1 = 0 .
2
2
2
2
x 3y 7 = 0

To im B l nghim ca h: 2 + x B 1 + yB
B(2; 3) .
+
+
1
=
0
2
2
14 7
x 3y 7 = 0
To im H l nghim ca h:
H ; .
5 5
3 x + y 7 = 0

BH =

8 10
1
1
8 10
; AC = 2 10 S ABC = AC .BH = .2 10.
= 16 (vdt).
5
2
2
5

BI TP LUYN TP:
Bi 1: [VH]. Cho tam gic ABC c B(2; 7), phng trnh ng cao qua A l 3x + y + 11 = 0, phng
trnh trung tuyn v t C l x + 2y + 7 = 0. Vit phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic ABC.
Bi 2: [VH]. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho tam gic ABC vi M(2; 2) l trung im ca BC,
cnh AB c phng trnh x 2y 2 = 0, cnh AC c phng trnh 2x + 5y + 3 = 0. Xc nh to cc nh
ca tam gic ABC.
Bi 3: [VH]. Cho tam gic ABC, c trng tm G v phng trnh hai cnh AB, AC tng ng. Hy tm ta
cc nh ca tam gic khi G(2; 1), AB: 4x + y + 15 = 0; AC: 2x + 5y + 3 = 0.
Bi 4: [VH]. Tam gic ABC, B(2; 1), ng cao AH: x 2y + 3 = 0, ng trung tuyn AM: x 1 = 0.
Vit phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic.
Bi 5: [VH]. Tam gic ABC, B(3; 5), ng cao AH: 2x 5y + 3 = 0, ng trung tuyn CM: x + y 5 =
0. Vit phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic ABC.
Bi 6: [VH]. Lp phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic ABC bit nh C(3; 5), ng cao v ng trung
tuyn k t mt nh c phng trnh l d1: 5x + 4y 1 = 0, d2: 8x + y 7 = 0.
Bi 7: [VH]. Lp phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic ABC bit nh C(3; 5), ng cao v ng trung
tuyn k t mt nh c phng trnh l d1: 5x + 4y 1 = 0, d2: 8x + y 7 = 0.
Bi 8: [VH]. Tam gic ABC, A(4; 6), phng trnh ng cao v ng trung tuyn k t C c phng
trnh: 2x y + 13 = 0, 6x 13y + 29 = 0. Tm ta ca B, C.
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