HQC VIEN CONG NGHE BUU CHINH VIEN THONG CO SO THANH PHO. KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP DAI HOC Ngdnh: Dign t= Vign thong _HHé: Hoan chink Bal hoe Chinh quy Nign kinéa 2006 - 2008 Dé tai NGHIEN CUU HOAT DONG VA TRIEN KHAI MANG IP PBX ASTERISK Ma s6: 08406360117 Gido vién hudng din: ‘Ths. Pham Dinh Nguyén Sinh vign thyc hign: ‘Trin Hoang Vinh Lop. DO6VTHI Naim 2008LOI MO' DAU Trong giai dogn phat trién hign nay, nhigu doanh nghigp da thay d6i va phat trién nhigu chi nhdnh véi dia bin hogt dng rOng lin. Cing véi sy phat trién cia cée gidi phép IP, sy phat trién ca hé théng mang truydn dit lidu dic bigt Ia Internet, Tat cd 48 tao diéu kign dé nhing gidi phap trén nén TP hinh thanh va phat trién. Mot trong s6 46 |i giai phap IP PBX Asterisk cung cép cho doanh nghigp giai phap dign thoai trén nén VoIP, phi hop v6i chi phi va yéu edu hoat dong ciia doanh nghigp. Khoa ludn t6t nghigp nghién ctru vé hoat dong va céch trién khai tong dai IP PBX. Asterisk. Buge chi lam 5 chong chinh: Chueomg 1: Ting quan vé ting di 1P PBX Asterisk; winh biy eéckhai nig chung co ban lién quan dén tng dai IP PBX Asterisk Chucong 2: Cai dat tang déi IP PBX Asterisk: huimg din dé cdi d3t think edng mot téng dai IP PBX Asterisk, ce cGng ou hd try trong vige cau hinh va vén hanh tng dai. ‘Chuong 3: Tim hiéu cdch cdu hinh Asterisk: nghién cita séu hon vé céch cu hinh cle chite ning trong tng dai IP PBX Asterisk Chicong 4: Xay dung mot ting dai thre 1é: cic bude xdy dymg mot ting dai IP PBX Asterisk thye té xuat phét tr yéu cdu eta mét doanh nghigp. Chicong S: Dan gid chung va hucéng mé-ctia dé ti, Khi viét cudn Khéa ludn tét nghiép nay em da hét site ed ging dé dugc hoan chinh, nnhung do kién thire cdn han ché trong moi trudng Linux va tong dai Asterisk nén chic chin s€ kh6ng trénh khdi thiéu sét, vi vay em rit mong nhén duge sy gép ¥ cia quy ‘Thay C6 va ede ban, Em xin chan thanh cim on cée Thay C6 gifo eiia Hoe vign Cong nghé Buu chinh Vign thong - Co si Tp. Hé Chi Minh, d3e bigt 1d khoa Vign thong 2 48 dio to, gio du kién thie quan trong va b6 ich. Em cing xin géi loi cim on chin thinh dén Thay Pham Dinh Nguyén, ngudi Thay da dinh hudng va gitip 40 em rat nhigu dé hoan thanh cuén khéa ludn nay, duc em hoc héi duge a TPHCM, ngay 30 thing 9 niim 2008 Sink vién thye hign Trin Hoang VinhMUC LUC 1.11 Yai trb cia Digium doi voi Asterisk. 1.1.2 Dy én Zapata vai cde mai quan hé cita nd v6i A 1.2 Vi sao chon Asterisk? .. 1.2.1 Giéim chi phi m6t ecich manh me. 1.2.2 Méi tnedng phés trién nhanh ching va dé ding 1.2.3 Git tink nang. 1.2.4 Noi dung dong trén dign thoai. 1.2.5 Kiéu quay sé linh hoat vi manh 1.2.6 Ma nguén mé chay trén nén Linux. 1.2.7 Cite gidi han trong kién trie cia Asterisk 13 Kién trite cia Asterisk... 1.3.1 Céic kénh 1.3.2 Codec vir chuyén dich codec 1.3.3 Cée giao thie. 1.3.4 Cite tng dung. 1.4 Mé ta tng quan tong dai IP PBX Asterisk.. 5 So sinh gitta cae logi tng dai. 1.5.1 Dign thoai sit dung mo, hinh PBX/Softswitch ei 1.5.2 Bien thoai ding hé thing Asterisk 1.6 Xity dyng mot hg thong kiém tra. 1.6. Mot FXO, mot FXS 1.6.2 Nha cung cép dich vu VoIP, ATA 1.6.3 Board FXO khong dit tién, ATA 1.7 Mgt s6 ting dung cia Asterisk . terisk ee eR VNU RU UU RRL 1.7.LIP PBX. ovntnmnnnsnnnnnnieD 1.7.2 Sie dung IP trong edie ting dai PBX ef seve dO 1.7.3 B6 qua chi phi goi dién thoai dueimg dai u 1.74 Server ttng dung (IVR, dign thoai hoi nghi, Voicemail) u 1.7.5 Media Gateway... 2 1.7.6 Trung tam giao wp ‘him sie Kiich hang ~ Comact Center Plaiform (Call Center) eee ani 13 18 VoIP véi Asterisk. 13 18.1 Céc wt did ctid VOIP .ossnnnnnninnnnnnnnnnninmnnnnnnnnnnne IS 1.8.L.a Tinh hoi tu B 18.1.b Ohi phi co sa ha tang 14 18.1. Tiéu chun ma 4 1.8.1.d Stich hop gitta may tinh va dién thoai 4 18.2 Kién tric VoIP cia Asteriskesssssnnnon es) 1.8.3 Cée giao thiée VoIP vid md hinh OST oc. - sod 1.8.4 Lém sao dé chon mot giao thire?. 16 1.8.4.4 SIP - giao thite thiét lip phibn.....0. 16 1.8.4.) IAX- Inter Asterisk eXchange. 161.8.4.¢ Giao thie diéu khién céng phuomg tién MGCP... Lhd 323, 1.8.4. Bang so sdch cic giao thie 1.8.5 User, Peer vii Friend, 1.8.6 Céte codec va chuyén doi codec 1.8.7 Lam sao dé chon mot codec phit hop. 1.8.8 Phan mao dén do phén Header ciia giao thitc. 1.8.9 KS thuéit heu leone. 1.8.9.4 Sie dom gin hod. 1.8.9.b Phuong phap Erlang B.. 1.8.10 Gidm bing thong yeu céu cho VoIP. 1.8.10.a Nén RTP Header. 1.8.10.6 IAX2 trunk mode. 1.8.10.¢ Gidim VoIP td. CHUONG 2: CAI DAT TONG DAL IP PBX ASTERISK ..... 2.1 Cai dat ting phan. 2.1.1 Cai dat hé diéu hanh CentOS. 2.1.2 Cai dat ede gai trong ting dai AStErISK 2.1.2.4 Chtudn bj cic tip tin trate Ki ci dt. 2.1.2.6 Compiling va cai dit cic abt... 2.1.2. Ci dt Asterisk-GUI. 2.2 Gidi thigu Trixbox ede thanh phin. Eo12T1 [CON ity Th beas a RRR 2.3 Cac hé try trong van hinh va ciu hinh Asterisk. 2.3.1 Mat x0 lénh chinh trong CLI etia Asterisk 2.3.L.a Cai lénh chung 2.3.1.b Cie Iénh cho SIP 23.2 Quan tri Server wud 2.3.2 Céic céng cu hd tro vin hanh vé edu hinh Asterisk Hie 36 36 37 CHUONG 3: TIM HIEU CACH CAU HiNH ASTER! 1038 3.1 Tim hiéu cae tip tin cu 3.2 Ngit phap cia Asterisk. 3.21 Nibm JOM oon sn ee 3.2.2 Caic tty chon doi neomg kiéu ngit phap thira ké. 39 3 Dang thee thé phite hap. 3.3 Tim hiéu ciu hinh mOt giao tiép PSTN 3.1 Cai det X100P- 2 Cai va edu hinh driver card X1OOP. 3.4 Tim hiéu cfu hinh dign thoai IP SIP . 3.4.1 Phan chung [general]. 3.4.2 Phan Client 3.5 Tim hiéu so dé quay sé, 3.5.1 S6 noi bo (Extensions) 3.5. L.a Mot sé mau sé (pattern) 3.5.1.b Cée vi du v8 sé néi bé (extensions) 3.5.2 S6 tau tién (Priorities) ‘inh trong Asteris!3.5,3 Ung dung (Applications) 3.3.4 Ngurcanh (Contexts) 3.6 Tim hiéu ech to mgt so dé quay so. 3.6.1 Viduco ban 3.6.2 Mor vi dy Khdc 3.6.3 Cac kénh cdu ndi sit dung ing dung dial() ose 47 3.7 Tim hiéu cach tao mot hé théng IVR. 3.7.1 Ung dung background) 3.7.2 Ung dung record() 3.7.3 Ung dung playback) 3.7.4 Ung dung read() 3.7.5 Ung dung gotoifi) 3.8 Xiiy dung mgt hé thong IVR 3.8.1 Thu dim 104 C180 oro 3.8.2 Tao ra hé thong IVR. (CHUONG 4: XAY DUNG MOT TONG DAI THUC TI 4.1 Mé ti cée bude thy hign 4.2 M6 tii chite nding va hoat dng cia tg dain 43 Cdu hinh phan cémg, 44 Cai dit ting dai Asterisk.vssmnennennenennennniannnennerrnnnennnnsns ST 4.5 Chuan bj va cai dit cdc thiét bi FXS, FXO ....... 4.6 Céu hinh céc thong sé trong tong da p cae Client va kiém tra cuge goi CHUONG 5: DANH GIA CHUNG VA HU 5.1 Dinh gid chung.. SAL UMM osoonnnnnngnnnnnnn on nnn 7 5.1.2 Nhimg didm han che 37 5.1 Huéng mé ciia dé tai TAL LIEU THAM KHAOMUC LUC CAC HINH Hink 1: Kidn tie cia Asterisk Hinh 2: Tong quan tong dai IP PBX Asterisk... 7 Hinh 3: Bim thoai sie dng, mé hh PBXSoftwiteh et Hinh 4: Dign thoai dig h@ thing Asterisk Hinh 5: Hé thang Asterisk 1x1 Hinh 6: Tong dai IP PBX... inh 7: Se tch hop Asterisk Gi he thing tong dai PBX ct inh 8: Bo qua chi phi got diénthoat ding di Hinh 9: Asterisk nue mit server eng dung. Hinh 10; Asterisk nh mot media gateway. Hinh 11; Asterisk hoat déng nhu mot Trung tam giao tiép.. Hinh 12: Kién tric VoIP cia Asterisk. inh 13: VoIP trong m6 hinh OST. ' Hinh 14: Cai dat ComtOS - Khoi ding vide cdi dt... Hinh 13: Cai dat CentOS - Giao dién bat dau cai dat CentOS... Hinh 16; Cai dat CentOS - Chon ngon ngit....... Hinh 17: Cai dgit CentOS - Chon kiéu ban phim. : Hinh 18: Cai dat CentOS - Cw hin tht lp 6 cron va phn ving 6 cig Hinh 19; Cai dét CentOS - Phan ving 6 cing cho CentOS. Hinh 20: Cai dt Com - Tit ip dia chi IP Hink 21: Ci dat CentOS - Chon mii gid Minh 22: Cit dit ComOS- hip password Const cho i hin Hinh 23: Cai dat CentOS - Chon cdich ei dat Hinh 24; Cai dit CentOS - Chon ciic g6i hé tre cho Asterish....0. Hinh 25: Cai dat CentOS - Chon kiéu loader Khai dng Hinh 26: Cai d@t CentOS - Chudn bj cai dat Hinh 27: Cai dit CentOS - Qué trinh cai det. Hinh 28: Tai cde géi cai dat Asterisk ... Hinh 29: Khi chay configure cho compile Hinh 30: Tu} chon menu sau ki tao menu bang lénh make menuselect. Hin 31: Sau bi dmg lénh mate install tinh cng Hinh 32: Tao ede tip tin cu hinh mdu inh 33: Teo cacti iu chuomg tinh ca Asterisk Hinh 34: Cai dat asterisk-addons - Hinh 35: Giao dign bet déu cai dat Trixbor. Hinh 36: Chon logi ban phim... 7 Hinh 37: Chon Ving thai gian cho hé théng. Hinh 38: Password dé edu hinh Asterisk. Hinh 39: Tién trinh cai dat Trixbox 1. Hinh 40: Tién trinh cdi dat Trixbox 2....Hinh 41. Hinh 42; Hinh 43: Hinh 44, Hinh 43: Hinh 46; Hinh 47; Hinh 48: Gio dign cdu hinh qua Web ca Trisbox.. Giao dién phan mi Putty - Dang nhdp. Giao dign phan mém Putty - Cica sé len. Giao din p mém WINSCP - Dang nhéip Giao dign phiin mém WINSCP - Sie dung. TDM400P card... FXO module (S100M - mau dé), Thid ip ede thing 3b Xelite. EXS Module (X100M - met xan)... 34 36 36 37 37 52 52 56MUC LUC CAC BANG Bang I: Bang so sich ede giao thit Bang 2: Cac kiéu ngit phdp trong Asterisk : Bang 3: Danh sich tham khéo cic driver cia Digium. v 39. 53TU VIET TAT ACD — Automatic call distribution Phan phéi cude goi te dong CTI Computer telephony integration Thiét bi két hop may tinh dién thoai DSP Digital Signal Processors B6 xr I tin higu s6 GPL General Public License Bain quyén thusc céng ding IVR Interactive Voice Response Déip ting tong tac thoai LCR Least Cost Routing Dinh tuyén chi phi thap MGCP Media Gateway Control Protocol Giao thite diéu Khién cing phueomg.tién RTP — Real Time Protocol Giao thite thei gian tee TCP Transmission Control Protocol Giao thie didu hid tray tl UDP User Data Protocol Gio thie oi dieu nga dingIWAN VE TONG DAI IP PBX ASTERISK. HUONG I: TONG QUAN VE TONG DAI IP PBX ASTERISK 1.1 Gidi thigu Asterisk - Asterisk la gi? Asterisk li mt “phan mém ma nguén mo” duge cdi dit mot Lin trén m@t may tinh PC c6 cde giao tiép turong tng di kém véi phan cimg, c6 thé duge sir dung nhu la mot PBX véi diy di tinh nang cho ngudi sir dung gia dinh, cdng ty, ede nha cung cp dich vu VoIP va vién théng. Asterisk con 1a mét cong déng ma ngudn mé va 1a mét sin phim thuong mai cita Digium. Sir dung mién phi va thay di ty do dé phit hgp véi cée yéu clu cia minh, Asterisk cho phép kha nang két ni thdi gian thyc gita mang PSTN va cde mang VoIP. Vi Asterisk ¢6 nhiéu tinh ning hon mot tng dai PBX, ta khong chi 6 nhimg nang cap cho tong dai PBX dang t6n tai ma con o6 thé c6 nhiéu thir méi nhu: Y Két ndi cée nhdn vign lim vige tir nha dén mot van phdng PBX thong qua mang Internet ¥ Két néi nhidu vin phing 6 nhiéu noi khéc nhau trén nén mang IP, mang riéng hay ngay ed mang intemet. ¥ Cho phép cde nhan vién c6 thé tich hgp Web va email véi Voicemail Y Xay dung cac mg dung gidng nhu IVR cho phép cdc két ndi dén hé théng hing gi cia ban hay cde img dung khée. Y Cho phép cde nhiin vién Lim viée di déng truy cp vio PBX cdia céng ty tir bit ky noi no véi chi mt két ndi baing thong rong hay két nbi VPN. Y Va nbiéu thir khée nit... Asterisk bao gdm nhiéu tai nguyén cao cp chi tim thay trong cc hé théng cao cdp vi du nbu: > hac cher cho cde khdich hang khi dang doi trong cc hang dgi cude goi, ding hd tro phuomg tign va cae file MP3. Cie hing dgi cude goi, noi ma mt nhém agent 66 thé tra Idi cde eude dign thoai va giém sét cfc hing gi Tich hgp véi van ban qua giong néi va nhdn dang thoai, Cae dir ligu chi tiét duge chuyén 46i tir dang tap tin vin ban va cée co sé dtr ligu SQL. > Kha ning két n6i PSTN thong qua ca 2 dang duréng day s6 va tong ty. 111 Vai tr cita Digium déi vbi Asterisk Digium mt céng ty & Huntsville Alabama la ngudi tao ra va 1a nha phat trién chinh cia Asterisk. Bén canh vige tro thanh nha tai trg chinh cia sy phat trién cia v ® Hinh 4: Dign thogi ding hé thong Asterisk = Trang 7-JAN VE TONG BALIP PBX ASTERISK Trong hé thing Asterisk cde chire nang méi déu duge tich hgp trong hé théng Asterisk ‘vi khong edn phai dau tw thém nhiéu dé sir dung va van hanh ning tinh ning nay. 1.6 Xay dyng mOt hé thong kiém tra Internet, Nha CC Dich Vy VoIP = Analog Phone Server Linux > NSE’ Telco, PBX —~> Analog Phong Hinh 5: H@ théng Asterisk 1x1 Khi thye hign mét gidi phap Asterisk, bude dau tién cia ching ta la tao ra mot hé théng kiém tra. Hé théng kiém tra don gian nhdt 1a PBX 1x1 véi chi mot dudng dign thogi va mgt tine. C& 1.6.1 Mot FXO, mot FXS Céch diu tién va don gian nhdt dé xdy dung mot he théng kiém tra 1 mua mot board mach TDM400 cua Digium véi mot cng FXO va mot cdng EXS. Két ndi céng FXO vao during line dang tin tai vi FXS vio mt dign thoai twong ty. O day ching ta 6 kiéu tng dai PBX Ix 1.6.2 Nha cung edp dich vu VoIP, ATA Day li mot uy chon. Trong truing hop nay ching ta sé ding ky v6i nha cung ep thoai dé c6 duge trung ké SIP va sé phai mua mét b6 twong thich dign thoai trong ty ding SIP. Ban sé c6 thé chi ft hon 1008 néu ban dai 6 may tinh 13. 1.6.3 Board FXO khong dit tién, ATA Diy 1a céch 8 bit ddu, C5 mot vai logi V.90 fax/modem lam vige duge véi Asterisk vi nhu la m6t FXO board. Mét vai board cia Digium dau tién duge tao ra sit dung nhiing logi nay (X100P va X101P). Nhing board nay la nhiing V.90 fax/modem cil chipset ciia Mororola va Intel (chipsets (Motorola 68202-51, Intel 537PU, Intel 537PG, Intel Ambient MD3200). Chuing khong dé tim ra vi ching khéng con duce sin xuit niza; tuy nhién, mot vai edi d& duge ban nhur mot dang X1OOP. Dé c6 durge FXS tL nhigu cach tao. g ta hay th mt vai wong v6 = Trang 8 -IWAN VE TONG DAI IP PBX ASTERISK. ban ¢6 thé sir dung mét bé thich tig dign thoai tuong ty. Mét lin nita ban e6 thé tn it hhon 1008 dé bit du néu nhur ban da ¢6 sin may tinh, 1.7 Mt s6 ting dung ciia Asterisk C6 nhiéu vign cdnh khéc nhau cho céc img dung ciia Asterisk. Ching ta s@ ligt ké danh sch mt vai trong s6 dé va gidi thich nhing uu diém va ede gidi han tn tai trong timg img dung. 1.2.1 IP PBX Mt vi dy thong dung nhat la vige cai dit mot tng dai moi hay thay thé téng dai PBX da c6 sin, Néu ban so sanh Asterisk v6i mét vai thit khdc ¢6 thé thay thé durge ban s@ thay rng né ré hon va cé nhigu tinh nang hon nhimg tng dai PBX dang c6 trén. thi trumg. Nhiéu céng ty bay gid dang ba tign ra dé ¢6 duge nhiing tinh nang cia Asterisk bao gém ca nhiing tng dai PBX. Softphone Softphone Asterisk PBX = Trang 9-HUONG I: TONG QUAN VE TONG DAL IP PBX ASTERISK 1.7.2 Siedung IP trong ede ting dai PBX cf Softphone _IP phones Q IP phones IP phones Hinh 7: Sy tich hgp Asterisk voi hg thing tng dai PBX cit Hinh bén trén m6 ta cich thong dung nhat duge sit dung trong vige thiét lap. Nhiimg cong ty lén thug khong muén nhigu nguy co khi phai dau tu vio nhiing cong nghé méi va cling théi diém Iai muén khéng phai diu tr vao nhiing thiét bi ci. Cho phép IP chay trén cc téng dai PBX ci c6 thé tn rat nhigu chi phi va vi vay, viée két ndi mt ting dai Asterisk PBX sir dung T1/EI 6 thé 1a mt Iya chon t6t. Mét diém gi khac la kha naing két ndi dén cdc nha cung cdp dich vu VoIP. = Trang 10-Rio de janeirc Los Angeles Hinh 8: Bé qua chi phi goi dign thogi duimng déi Mét ting dung rit hau ich cho VoIP 1a tinh két néi céc chi nhanh v6i nhau thong qua Intemet hay mot meng WAN. Viéc sir dyng mot két ndi di ligu ¢6 sin cho phép ban b6 qua (bypass) chi phi dign thoai dudng dai trong cdc két néi vign thong gitta nhiing van phing chinh va cde chi nhanh, 1.74 Server ing dung (IVR, Murai Wgi mghi, Voicemail) T1/Analog Asterisk PBX T1/Analog IVR Server Conference Server Voicemail Unified Messaging Hinh 9: Asterisk nhur m6t server ttng dung Asterisk cn c6 thé duge str dung nhir mét server tmg dung cho tong dai PBX dang str dung hay c6 thé durgc két néi truc tiép dén PSTN. Asterisk c6 thé lim durge cae dich vu nhu voicemail, nhan fax, thu am cuge goi, IVR duge két ndi dén mot co sé dr ligu. = Trang 11 ~IWAN VE TONG DAI IP PBX ASTERISK. Vige str dung Asterisk nhur mét server img dung lim gidm chi phi m@t eéch dang ké néu dem so sinh véi nhing gidi php khéc. 1.7.5 Media Gateway Nha Cung Cép VoIP Nha Cung Cép Tt/Analog VoIP SIP Proxy 2.5.0 Khach Hany Hinh 10: Asterisk nlue mt media gateway Hau hét cdc nha cung cp VoIP sir dung SIP chuyén dén may chi tét cd nhttng dang ky, thong tin khu vue va sy xe thye cua ngudi diing SIP, Dit sao ching nita ho phai g6i cugc goi dén PSTN mot céich trye tiép hay dinh tuyén n6 théng qua mét cud goi xée dinh nha cung cap sit dung két ndi VoIP SIP hay H.323. Asterisk cé thé lam vige nh mot B2BUA (back to back user agent) hay Media Gateway thay thé cho nhitng softwitch hay media gateway dat tién. So sinh gid ciia mot gateway 4 E1/TI tr thj trong nha sin xudt véi Asterisk. Gidi phdp Asterisk e6 thé gidm chi phi nhiéu Lin hon 1a cée gidi php khéc vi né c6 kha ning chuyén dich cée giao thite bio higu (H.323, SIP, IAX....) va cée codec (G.711, 6.729...) = Trang 12-Agent 1 Agent 2 Hinh 11: Asterisk hogt dong nluc mpt Trung tam giao tiép ‘MOt trung tam giao tiép chim séc khdc hang 1a mot giai phat rit phite tap. No két hop mhigu cng nghé nhw tw dgng phén phdi cuge goi ACD (Automatic call distribution), tong tée dap ing thogi IVR (Interactive voice response), giém sit cude goi va nhiéu thir khac nia, Vé co ban, c6 3 kiéu trung tim giao tiép chm séc khich hang: bén trong (inbound), bén ngoai (outbound) va hén hop (blended). Trung tim giao tigp inbound rat phire tap, thurimg yéu cau ACD, IVR, CTI, thu am gdm sit va cde béo c4o. Asterisk e6 mot hing dai cude goi ACD duge xay dymg sin IVR cé thé duge thyc hign théng qua AGI (Asterisk gateway interface) hay cée co ché bén trong nhu ting dung nén, Thiét bj két hyp may tinh dign thogi CTI (Computer telephony integration) duge thyc hign thong qua vige sir dung AMI (Asterisk Manager interface), thu am va bao céo duge xay dymg trong Asterisk. Cho mot trung tém giao tigp outbound, m6t b6 tuyén doan hay b6 quay so tot la thinh phin chink, Me dit nhiéu bd quay sé dang e6 sin tir ma ngudn més Asterisk nhung né khong khé néu ta tu xay dung. ‘MOt trung tim gieo tiép hén hop cho phép céc host dng inbound va outbound 4GB RAM thi ta chon bing véi dung lugng RAM. Phan ving swap sé ld mét phan ving sip cho hé diéu hah hoat dng nhanh hon, twong ty nhir ving nhé Virtual Memory trong Windows. Phan ving /home: dung xong khoding mét nita dung hreng cOn Iai chita di igu cho user. Phan ving /: day la phan ving root chiém phin dung long edn lai [cred ay Lo) ome Hinh 20: Cai dt CentOS - Thiét lp dja chi IP Phan thiét lap dia chi IP: ta c6 thé sir dung Dynamic cp dia chi IP ty déng hode ty thigt lap dia chi IP bing tay. Phin thiét lap dia chi IPV6 o6 thé bo qua vi khong sir dung, = Trang 24: CAL DAT TONG DAT IP PBX ASTERISK. - (Doreen oes Hinh 21: Cai dt CentOS - Chon miii gir entre) Hinh 22: Cai dat CentOS - Nhgp password Console cho hg thong enres-t =) ce ii dit CemtOS - Chon ciich cai dgt = Trang 2:“AL DAT TONG DAI IP PBX ASTERISK Phan thiét lap cdch cai dat: dé dom gidn ta chi cin cai theo kiéu server. Khong edn cai ning kiéu c6 giao dign nhur Gnome hay KDE vi sau nay ta sé edu hinh true tiép qua Console hoe bang phan mém Putty. Chon Customize now dé cai dat thém cdc goi hd trg cho Asterisk. Hinh 24: Cai dat CentOS - Chon cée gi hd trg cho Asterisk Phin chon cdc géi hé try cho Asterisk: ta clin chon Development Tools, chi tidt cde g6i trong nay ta cé thé bam nit Optional packages dé tim hiéu chi tiét hon. Cac goi nay s8 hé trg cdc chuong trinh va thu vign di dé ta cai dit va van hanh thanh cong Asterisk sau nay. ntor=t 9 as is SSeS = Coen ie Ge) Hinh 25: Cai dit CentOS - Chon kiéu loader khoi dong = Trang 26 -CHUONG 2: CAI BAT TONG DAL IP PBX ASTERISK J aes) (=) Hinh 26: Cai dgt CemOS - Chuiin bj cai ae Hinh 27: Ci dat CentOS - Qué trinh edi age Qué trinh cdi dat CentOS dign ra khoang 20 phut sau 46 ta khoi dong lai hé thong va tién trinh ci dat CentOS thanh céng, tigp theo la cai dat cae géi thye hign chite ning tng dai IP PBX Asterisk. 2.1.2 Cai dit cic géi trong tong dai Asterisk 2.1.2. Chuiin bj ede tap tin tre khi ei dg + Tao thu muc hu trit cde t§p tin cdi dat Asterisk Bed fusrisre +# mkdir asterisk # ed asterisk + Dang lénh wget dé tai céc géi cai dat Asterisk. Cac géi nay duge ly tir trang web chinh cia Asterisk htto:/www.asterisk org/downloads bang cic click chudt phai ‘vio dong download cita cde goi edi d3t va chon Copy Link Location. + Ta lin lugt download c c gi tin vé thir muc /usr/sre/asterisk gm ~ Trang 27-CHUONG 2: CAT DAT TONG DAT IP PBX ASTERISK Y Asterisk-1.4.21.2 Y Zaptel-1.4.21.1 Y Libpri-1.4.7 Y Addons-1.4.7 Ta sir dung cde lénh sau: # wget http://downloads digium.com/publasterisk/releases/asterisk-1.4.21.2.tar.g2 # wget lutp://downtoads digium.com/pub/eaptel/releases/eaptel-1.4,12,l.tar.gz # wget lutp://downloads digium,com/publlibprifreleases/libpri-1.4.?.tar.g # wger hup://downtoads digium.com/publasterish/releases/asterisk-addons-1.4.7.tar.g2 # tar -xzvf asterisk-1.4.21.2.tar vf zaptel-1.4.12.1 tars vf libpri-1.4.7.tar. wf asterisk-addons-1.4,7.tar.g2 Khi giai nén xong trong thu mye /usr/sre/asterisk ta 6 4 thu mye con: Y asterisk-1.4.21.2 Y zaptel 4.12.1 Y ‘libpri-t.4.7 Y asterisk-addons-1.4.7 2b Compiling va cai dgt cdc x6 + Cai dat Zaptel Goi Zaptel nén cai dat trusc tién, Ta ding lan lugt ede enh sau dé ed zaptel-1.4.12.1 # /eonfigure = Trang 28 -CHUONG. Ar AT TONG DATIP P X ASTERISK # make # make install + Cai dat libpri ed ./ libpri-t.4.7 # make # make install Cai dat Asterisk fed. /asterisk-1.4.21.2 # Seonfigure Hinh 29: Khi chay configure cho compile # make menuselect inh 31 # make Tuy chon menu sau khi 1go menu bing lnk make menuselect nake install = Trang 29-X ASTERISK CHUONG 2: Cal BAT TONG DAT IP Hinh 31: Sau khi ding l¢nh make install thanh cong Tao ede tp tin efu hinh méu # make samples u Hinh 32: Tao cde tp tin cd hinh mau Tao céc ti ligu chuong trinh cia Asterisk # make progdocs Hinh 3: Too céc tai ligu chuong trinh ciia Asterisk = Trang 30-AL DAT TONG DALIP PBX ASTERISK + Cai dat asterisk-addons # asterisk-addons-1.4.7 # Seonfigure # make Hinh 34: Cai dt asterisk-addons # make install Qué trinh cai dat Asterisk thanh cOng, Chi ¥ sau khi cai dat thinh cong Asterisk ta c6 ede thu mye quan trong sau: fetc/asterisk/ : chua cic file configuration dang *.conf, ban cé thé thay d6i truc tiép 6 higu lw cic file config bing m6t editor (vi) va reload asterisk dé thay 461 Aarflib/asterisk! : Chita cae file library, sound ..cte cia Asterisk .¢ Ci de Astertsk-GU + Ta ding Ignh svn dé tai Asterisk-GUI vé va tién hanh cai dat. Ta lan lugt sir dung cée len sau # svn co hitp://svn.digium.com/svn/asterisk-gui/branches/2.0 asterisk-gui # ed asterisk-gui # Heonfigure # make # make install Sau khi cdi dat xong ta can edu hinh 2 file sa: - Sita t§p tin manager.conf trong thur muc /ete/asterisk/ # vi /ete/asterisk/manager.conf Sira tip tin manager.conf thinh [general] enabled=yes webenabled=yes cho phép truy cdp qua web port=5038 dindaddr=0.0.0.0 ling nghe trén tét c@ cde port [wink tao mot user admin dé login qua web edu hinh = Trang 31 -‘AI BAT TONG BAI IP PBX ASTERISK cpassword ——; password etia user vinh -system, call log, verbose,command agent.user,config.originate,read, write yystem, call, log, verbose,command,agentuser,config,originate,read, write Bam “ESC:, bdm tiép “:wq" vi “Enter” dé leu tp tin manager.conf méi stra - Stta tap tin http. conf trong thur muc /ete/asterisk/ # vi /ete/asterisk.hitp.conf Sita tap tin hatp.conf thank: [general] enabled: 0.0.0 indaddh bindport=8088 prefix=gui enablestatic=yes Bém “ESC:, bém tiép “:wq" var “Enter” dé lieu tap tin manager.conf méi sita. + Vao thu muc /usrisre/asterisMasterisk-gui va kiém tra xem qué trinh cai dat Asterisk-GUI thanh céng khong: # ed /usr/srefasterisk/asterisk-gui # make checkconfig + Khéi dong lai Asterisk asterisk -r CLI> restart now + Vao during din sau dé truy cp vio Asterisk-GUI (ip Ii dja chi IP cia server cdi Asterisk) http://ip:8088/gui/static/config/efgbasic. htm! 2.2 Giéi thigu Trixbox ee thinh phin C6 rit nhigu cach dé thye hign cai dat mot tng dai Asterisk. Ngoai cach cai dat timg bude 6 trén ta e6 nhiing sin phim khée ding géi think mot bd, khi cai d 6 ngay mét gidi phap hoan chinh cia mt ting dai IP PBX Asterisk: Trixbox ld mét vi dy dién hinh cho g6i phan mém hoan chinh cho mét tng dai Asterisk. Cai dat va van hanh rét d& dang. Khi cai dat xong Trixbox ta e6 ede chite ning: Asterisk trén h@ digu hanh CentOS, cu hinh tng dai qua Web, e6 thé xem eae bao cdo vé hé théng, théng ké cic thng s6 trong téng dai, chi tiét cude goi, c6 thé thém cdc tig dung vé voicemail, dign thogi hoi nghi 2.2.1 Cai de Trixbox: Download Trixbox CD tai dia chi Ast ¥ golasteris trixbox-2.4.0. lata = Trang 32 -CHUONG 2: CAI BAT TONG DAL IP PBX ASTERISK Clic bude cdi dit chinh: Hinh 35: Giao dign bit dau cai dgt Trixbox Hinh 36: Chon logi bain phim Hinh 37: Chon Viing thei gian cho hé thong = Trang 33 ~CHUONG 2: CAI BAT TONG DATIP PBX ASTERISK Hinh 38: Password dé cau hinh Asterisk Hinh 39: Tién trinh cai dgt Trixbox 1 Hinh 40: Tién trinh cai de Trixbox 2 Hinh 41: Giao dign céu hinh qua Web cita Trixbox = Trang 34~CHUONC ‘AI BAT TONG BAI IP PBX ASTERISK 2.3 Cae hé trg trong vn hinh va iu hinh Asterisk 2.3.1 Mot sé ln chink trong CLI eiia Asterisk Dé vio CLI cita Asterisk ta diing lénh # asterisk -r 2.3.La Céc Ink chung abort halt : huy ede tién trinh dang bj treo add extension thém 1 sé ngi bd vao trong ngir debug channel + d® Ii trén mot kénh nao d6 no debug channel: hity dé 18i trén mot kénb no 46 help hién thi danh sich hé tro show agents hién thi trang thai cua cde agent show applications hign thj danh sich cdc tmg dung Asterisk hd tro show application: mé t chi tiét mt ting dung, show channel hién thi thong tin mot kénh show channels hién thi thong tin nhigu kénh, show codecs = hin thi théng tin cde codec show conferences hign thi trang thai cita cde phong hdi nghi show dialplan hin thi so dé quay s6 show locals hrign thi trang ciia cde kénh ndi bo show queues hién thj trang thai cic hang dgi show voicemail users: hign thi céc hop thu thoai cia ngudi ding da dang ky 2.3.1.b Cie Ink cho SIP sip debug do 181 SIP sip no debug hay dé 16i SIP sip reload : reload sip.conf sip show channels s hién thj cdc kénh SIP dang hoat dong. Sip show channel: hién thi théng tin kénh SIP chi tiét Sip show peers hign thi danh sich cdc s6 SIP trong tng dai 2.3.1.e Quan tr Server restart now Khoi dong Iai Asterisk lap tire restart when convenient: khoi dong Asterisk khi khong e8 cude goi nio reload reload edu hinh Stop now : tt Asterisk lp tite stop when convenient _: tit Asterisk khi khong ¢6 cue goi nao show version hién thi phién ban Asterisk = Trang 35 ~CHUONG 2: CAT DAT TONG DAT IP PBX ASTERISK 2.3.2 Cée edng eu hi try van hiinh va edu hinh Asterisk 2.3.2.4 Phin mém Putty Phin mém Putty ho tro ta trong vige edu hinh tre tiép len he digu hain Linux tie xa 1 mot c6ng ey rat thong dung dé cau hinh Linux 6 dang Console Igah, Ta 06 thé tai phin mém ti: hitp:/the carth li/~sgiatham/putty/0,60/x86/putty.exe Sau day 1a mot s6 hinh anh ciia chutong trinh Putty Eine Cag 3 Sesion Bi opts fatyou PUTTY senon cea Sec he deinen yu mato cornea Td Host Marve (oP addess) ot al 192168 238 40 fe 2 Wedow Siow Olehet ORbon OSH Osetia Popeuance Bona Traalten Savgd Sessone Saretin Coo Dated Seite = Comacten Seth Daa ‘teh Cons 7 ‘otek Cons Lv lise as 152 Foon Hinh 43: Giao dign phin mém Putty ~ Cita sé ln = Trang 36 -“AL DAT TONG DAI IP PBX ASTERISK 2.3.2.b Phin mém WINSCP Phin mém WINSCP gitip ta thao téc trén cée tip tin va phan ving 6 cig trong mdi trudng Linux gidng nhu chuong trinh Windows Commander trong Windows, hay ‘NC ding trong DOS. WINSCP gitip ta tiét kigm rat nhieu théi gian trong vige cp nhat va quan ly céc tap tin trong Linux, bang cac thao tac rit don gian, Ta 6 thé tai phiin mém tir: http://winsep.net/eng/index.php Sau day la mot sé hinh anh cua chwong tink WINSCP Sexsin Sed ssa Evie Deecoee ss Prseences leprctcat (SFTP) Alen SCPFalback Cos) Lies] Com] ect et foe Gene ein Gre Sate O02 BRO EF SSH MHOC ose Bd a te Dio Se Oot Save nanan + Seuem esate + Peter Yaeorcom + Peter oreo iomosaon | 1106 Rent aig ncn arse tomes % Caeguan ag 2 Gorge sara (PFokaane YS WDFRCOy Grew of Pomme may X Fein iF ORepaee FiO 8 srs ems mém WINSCP - Sic dung Hinh 45: Gio dign p) = Trang 37-IM HTEU CACH CAU HINH ASTERISK (CHUONG 3: TIM HIEU CACH CAU HINH ASTERISK 3.1 Tim hiéu cic tip tin cdu hinh trong Asterisk Ta ¢6 thé cau hinh Asterisk trong console mode, hode c6 mét céch tign loi hon la bién tap tryc tiép cée tap tin céu hinh trong /ete/asterisk. MOi tmg dung riéng cia Asterisk nhur voicemail, zaptel, music-on-hold, meetme, conference, iax... déu ¢6 tap tin cdu hinh rigng ca minh, tuy nhién 6 2 tap tin cdu hinh quan trong nhat 1a sip.conf vi extension.conf: = sip.conf: tap tin iu hinh vé cde thong tin cua ede snt nhu username, gi bd password, IP, type, security, codec la thanh phan cin ban nhat luu gidt thong tin trong Asterisk, - extension.conf: tap tin céu hinh vé cae luat dinh tuyén cuge goi, luat quay sb (so 8 quay 6), cée extension trong ngoai va nhiing tinh ning dic bigt khée. extensions.conf la tap tin quan trong nhat trong bat ky cdu hinh Asterisk nao. (Céc tip tin edu hinh khée: = voicemail.conf ; tap tin céu hinh cho hé théng h6p thu thoai (voice-mail) ciia Asterisk. Asterisk e6 thé diing Inh Sendmail trén CentOS dé gi mail dén cho céc dia chi durge luru trong tp tin edu hinh nay. - aprel.conf : tip tin may nim ngoai /etc, fi tgp tin chita thong sé index, driver dink cho Linux khi kich hoat cdc thiét bi dign thogi cm trye tigp vio Asterisk thong qua cng PCL. - zapata.conf : cling thude module zaptel, nhung la tap tin két ndi cc thiét bi dign thoai da duge Khai bio vao hé théng chinh ciia Asterisk - iax(2).conf : cdc thing sb vé 1AX (inter-asterisk protocol) ding khi két ndi 2 Asterisk box véi nhau. - meetme.conf : mgt chite nang tyo room conference ean ban. 3.2 Nair php cia Asterisk Asterisk duge diéu khién bing cdc tap tin cdu hinh dang van ban (text) duge Luu trong thir mye /etc/asterisk. Kigu dinh dang tap tin nay tuong ty nhur tap tin * trong Windows. Day chim phiy *:” duge sit dung dé ghi cha, déu “=” va >” twong duong nhau vi dau khodng tréng durge bé qua. [Session] Key = value Khdi tao bién [Session 2] Key => value ; Khai béo di tong Asterisk bién dich “=” vi “=>” cing m@t cach thite, Diu khac bigt Ia ci php duge sir dung 6 day khdc nhau cho déi twgng va bién. Ci phap la gidng nhau gitta tat ca cae tip tin va 06 3 loai ngit phap durge chi ra bén dui: = Trang 38 -CHUONC IM HTEU CACH CAU HINH ASTERISK Loging — Péitugng duge | Tap tin ef ai ngs tirgng dirg ap ti Vidy phap tao ra hinh Tat ed trén cing Nhém don extensions.conf’ | exten=>4000, 1 ,Dial(SIP/4000) mot dong [channels] context=default zapata.conf | signalling=fxs_ks Tuy chon duge Tuy chon ké | go tnade, di thira | twong ké thira Age grou cée tuy chon chaunel “3 [cisco] type=friend secret=mysecret hice hop |The mt new fecont — [context=trusted canh [lite] type=friend secret=nlite host=dynamic Bang 2: Cic kiéu ngit phap trong Asterisk 3.2.1 Nhém don Kiéu dinh dang nhém don duge sit dung trong cée tap tin extensions.conf, ‘meetme.conf va voicemail.conf la ngit phap co ban nhat, Méi déi tong durge khai bao vi cae thy chon trong cing mot hang. Vidu: {Session} Object 1 => opl.op2.op3 Object 2=> op 1h,op2b,op3b Trong vi du nay, Object 1 duge tao ra véi cic tiy chon opl, op2, op3 trong khi object 2 duge tgo ra véi eae tity chon opIb, op2b, op3b. 3.2.2 Cte tty chon dil tugng kidu ngit phép thiva ké Kiéu dinh dang nay duge sir dung boi zapata.conf va agents.conf noi e6 nbhigu thy chon sin sang, hau hét cfc giao tiép, cde déi tuemg chia sé va Khai bdo cdc kénh. Cie tay chon cho déi tugng duge Khai bio phia trén d6i tuong va ¢6 thé duge thay déi trong déi twong khdc. Mac dit khai nigm nay hoi khé hiéu nung né rit Vidu: [Session] opt st dung. = Trang 39 -IM HTEU CACH CAU HINH ASTERISK object Hai dong céu hinh dau tién gif tri cia thy chon op! va op2 1a “bas” va “adv”. Khi i tong 1 duge 190 ra né durge tao ra sit dung option I nhur Li “bas” va option 2 bur la “adv”. Sau khi dinh nghi di trong 1 ching ta thay @éi option 1 sang “int”, Sau 6 chiing ta to ra d6i tong 2 véi option | la “int” va option 2 li “adv”. 3.2.3 Dang thee thé phite hop Kiéu dinh dang nay duge sit dung trong iax.conf, sip.conf va trong nhiing tap tin cdu hinh noi ma 6 nhiéu thye thé véi nhiéu tay chon. Co ban, kigu dinh dang nay khong chia st mot lugng In cde edu hinh chung. Mi mdt thye thé nhan mot ng canh, Doi khi ng cénh duge dinh riéng giéng nhur [general] cho céu hinh to’n cue. Cée tity chon durge khai bao trong ni dung khai béo. Vi du: [entity] op!=valuel op2=vahue? fentity2] opt=value3 op2=vahued The thé [entity1] e6 céc gid tri “valuel” va value2” cho cdc tiy chon op! va op2. ‘The thé [entity2] c6 cae gid trj“alue3” va values” cho cae tty chon op! va op2. 3.3 Tim hiéu cu hinh mt giao tiép PSTN, DE két ndi dén mot PSTN ta sé phai cin c6 mot card giao tiép FXO va mot duong day dign thoai, Ta ¢6 thé sir dung mot sé PBX cé6 sin. Ta 66 thé lim durge bing mot card giao tiép dign thoai véi véi mot giao tiép FXO tir nhigu nha cung cdp khée nhau. Trong vi dy nay chiing ta tim higu cach cai dt m6t mach Zaptel: Ghi chii: cb nhiéu card FXO khéc. Card X100P cé thé tim thdy trén thj trudng voi gid khd ré. Nhig mach nay dea tren nén faximodem 56K cita Motorola vit Intel chipset. Nhiimg chipset nay la ~ Motorola 68202-51 - Intel 537PU + Intel 537 PG ~ Intel Ambient MD3200 Khéng co dém bao dé mach nay sé lam viée duege. Viée ste dung la tty, mét vai van dé vé tiéng dei va dm heomg thép. Néw ta muén chat lugng t6t, dim bao a6 tin cay thi nén ding board ctia Digium. = Trang 40 -iM HIEU CACH CAU HINH ASTERISK 3.3.1 Cai dg X100P Trrée Khi cai dit mot card X1OOP vao trong may tinh, ta phai disable tit cd cic phan cimg khong can ding dén hay khong sir dung tir mach chinh, Diéu nay sé gitip cho ching ta tranh duge cac vin dé vé chia sé cdc ngit (interrupt). Dé cai dat ding X0OP, ta sé phai glin card vao trong mt khe PCI va diéu chinh 2 tp tin edu hinh: > zaptel.conf : tip tin. nay nhm ngodi ete, I tip tin clr théng a index, driver danh cho Linux ki kich host céc thiét bi diga thoai cim tryc tiép vio Asterisk thong qua céng PCI + zapata.conf: cing thugc module zaptel, nhung 1a tap tin két ndi ede thiét bj dign thoai da due khai bio vio hé théng chinh ciia Asterisk. zaptel.cont Fisks=1 loadzone = br defaultzone=br channels - zapata.conf [channels] context=default signalling fis_ks group=1 channel => 1 3.3.2 Cai va edu hink driver card X100P ‘Sau khi hoan tit vige chinh stra cac tap tin trén ta tién hanh load cac bO diéu khién zaptel va cai dat bing cde lénh: # modprobe zaptel # modprobe wofo #2tefee-v # asterisk -g 3.4 Tim hiéu cu hinh dign thogi IP SIP Ching ta hay edu hinh ede dign thoai SIP. ¥ twéng fa edu hinh mot téng dai PBX. SIP duge céu hinh trong thu muc /ete/asterisk/sip.conf va e6 tit cd cae thong sé lién he {6i dign thogi SIP va nha cung cdp dich vu VoIP. Cée SIP client phai duvge ef hin true khi ta nhin hay thyc hign cude goi 3.4.1 Phin chung [general] SIP tip tin duge dye tir trén xuéng duéi. Phan dau chita cae théng s6 toan cue [general]. Céc tity chon chinh gom: + allowidisallow nghia codecs nao o6 thé duge sir dung. + bindaddr : Dia chi ma Asterisk SIP ding dé ling nghe (listener), Néu ta thiét lap né thanh 0.0.0.0 (mac dinh) né sé ling nghe 6 tat ca cde giao tip. = Trang 41 ~CHUONC IM HTEU CACH CAU HINH ASTERISK + context : Thidt lip nga cinh mc dinh cho tit ca cde client ngoai trir cdc client da duge thay déi. + bindport : port SIP UDP diing dé ling nghe. + maxexpirey : Thi gian t6i da cho vige ding ky (tinh bing + defaultexpirey : Thi gian mac dinh cho vige dang ky (tinh bing gia). + register : ding ky Asterisk t5i mot host khée.. Vi du: [general] bindport = 5060 bindaddr = 10.1.30.45 context = default disallow = all allow = ulaw allow = alaw maxexpirey = 120 defaultexpirey 3.4.2 Phin Client ‘Sau khi hoan thanh ede phan chung [general], tiép theo s¢ thiét lap céc SIP client, + [name] : Khi mot thiét bi SIP két ndi dén Asterisk, né si dung phiin username ciia SIP URI dé tim ra peer/user. + type : Cau hinh lop két néi, Cae tuy chon IA peer, user va friend, *+ peer : Asterisk gai cic cudc goi dén peer. sterisk han cdc cude goi tir mot user. + friend : Ca hai cing thai diém. ia chi IP hay tn cia host. Tuy chon thong thutmg la “dynamic”, durge sit dung khi host dang ky dén Asterisk: + secret: Mat khéu dé xée thyte peer va user. Vidu: [cisco] type=friend -mysecret 0 + user + host: [alte] type=friend sslite defaultip=10.1.30.17 = Trang 42 -IM HTEU CACH CAU HINH ASTERISK 3.5 Tim hiéu so dé quay sé So d6 quay sé la tri tim ciia Asterisk, né dinh nghia céch ma Asterisk digu khién, cue goi va bat ky cuge goi dén PBX. Né chiza eée s6, danh sich Iénh cho Asterisk tuan theo. Cac Ignh duge gin vao cae sé nhiin duge tir kénh hay ing dung, Dé cdu hinh Asterisk thanh céng, viée higu so-d8 quay sé la rét quan trong. Hau hét so dd quay sé déu duge chita trong tip tin extensions.conf tai thu muc /etc/asterisk. Tap tin nay sit dung ngi phép nhém don va cé 4 thanh phan chinh sau: + $6 ndi b9 (Extensions). uu tign Priorities) + Ung dung (Applications). + Ngit cinh (Contexts) 3.5.1 Sb ni bp (Extensions) So dé quay sé 1a mot tip hgp cdc sé duge dinh nghia true. Mot sé 1a mot chudi st trigger mét su kién khi mét cude goi duge thy hign. Cac sé 06 thé hode bing chit hoac bing mau s6 (pattern). 3.5.1.0 Mptsd mu sb (pattern) + _: chi viée bit dau 1 pattern. +X: dai dién cho bit ky s6 nao tir 0 dén 9, + N:dai dign cho bit ky s6 nao tir 2 dén 9, + Z::dai dign cho bat ky s6 nao trir s6 0. + [day bat ky] : khop véi chi mét trong cae ky ty nim trong dau ngode vudng “[]”. Vi du: (02-68*#] s@ khop véi cde ky ty 0, tir2 dén 6, 8, * hole # +. : ld mOt wildcard, khap voi bat ky ky ty ndo nim phia sau déu chim + | dé chi vige sit dung phim s6 phia trude | dé goi ra ngoai (thong la s6 0 hay s6 9). S6 nay due logi b6 Khong dua ra ngoai, Mot sé vi du cia miu sé (pattem) 9INXXXXXXXX : bam s6 9 dé ra ngoai, day s6 goi ra ngoai gom 9 phim so bat dau tir sé 2 dén 9 va 8 sé con lai 1a bat ky. Vay ting oOng ngudi sir dung goi 10 sd nhung s6 9 dau bj loai bo va chi géi 9 sé sau ra ngoai trung ké. _4XXX : chi nhimng s6 goi ndi bd cé 4 sé bit dau tir sé 4. _90[2-8]. = ding cho truimg hyp s6 goi ra ngoai (bam sé 9 ra ngoai) s6 sau la day 86 duréng dai. Diing trong céc ngit cénh cap quyén goi during dai _9OXXXXXXXX : ding cho trudng hop sé goi ra ngoai (bam sé 9 ra ngoai) sé sau li day sé di d6ng. Ding trong cac ngit canh cdp quyén goi di ddng. 91900. : ding cho truéng hgp s6 goi ra ngoai (bém sé 9 ra ngoai) sé sau la day sé dich vu 1900, Ding trong cac ngir canh cip quyén goi dich vy 1900, Nhu ta thy bén trén, vige higu va sir dung ede mau s6 (pattern) nay mang Iai tinh linh hoat va so 46 quay sé rat manh cho céu hinh inh tuyén Asterisk. = Trang 43 ~iM HIEU CACH CAU HINH ASTERISK 35.1b Cie vidu v6. +Vidul exten=>8580, L,dial(SIP/8580,20) exten=>8580,2,hangup() Lénh “exten” m6 ta bude tigp theo cita cuge goi dén s6 8580 la mét tap hop cia cic nhan duge (s6 duge goi). $6 “1” va “2” la 46 wu tign dinh nghia thir ty xir ly. Quay “8580” s& goi SIP IP Phone da duge dang ky nhu “8580”. Néu cudc goi khong cd gud tri Ibi sau 20 gidy nd s@ giai tod cude goi + Cii php Extension exten=> mumber (name), {priority\label{|-Joffset}((alias)],application Lénh extension “exten” theo sau boi mét sé ndi bo hode tén, mot dau phiy, mot 6 uu tién, mt dau phay nita va cudi ciing la img dung, sé ndi b6 gin véi dia chi cua cude goi (s6 dign thoai). S6 um tién durge sit dung dé chi thirty ede bude thye thi trong ing véi sé wu tién, Ung dung la hanh déng (quay sé, goi lai, gée may ...), Mai mot hanh dng i mot ing dung khée nhau. + Vidu 2: exten=>_90[2-8].,1,dial(ZAP/g1/S {EXTE exten=>_90[2-8].,n,hangup() Trén ld mot vi dy dién hinh cho vige goi durimg dai ctia mgt s6 n6i b9: = _90{2-8]. : chi ra bit diu mét pattern, goi ra ngoai ding sé 9 dau va goi di lién tinh (bat du s6 0 va sau 1a s6 2 dén sé 8 dé goi ma lién tinh). Dau cham *.” chi bat ky day s6 nao phia sau déu chap nhan. ZAPigI : chi dudmg ra 1A mGt trong ede dudng trung ké 18i gin vio eard FXO. Néu ZAP/I tite 1A durémg s6 1, Zap/? tite 1a duémg sé 2 vi ZAP/gI la bat ky durdmg nio i trong day trung Ké, = S{EXTEN:1) ; day la bién lay s6 nh§p vao 1a phan sau ciia day s6 da nhap, trir di 1 86 dau, tire s6 9 sé bj bé qua. 5.5.2 Sb un tien (Priorities) 'S6 uu tién danh sé cae bude thye hign trong mdi s6 duge quay. Mai s6 wu tién goi mot ting dung xac dinh, Théng thuong s6 nay bat du tir sé “I” va tng timg bude 1 bic trong phin dinh nghia s6 ni bd. Hign tai edie phién bin Asterisk méi hd try vige sit dung thuat ngit “n” dai dign cho sé wu tién tiép theo thay vi phai gin sé tiép theo. 86 ngi b9 (extensions) 3,207) Ung dung (Applications) Cée img dung déng m6t vai tr quan trong trong Asterisk. Chiing diéu khién cée én thogi, am higu, chip nhgn ede con sé duge goi tir PBX va gidi toa euge goi. Cée ‘img dung o6 thé durge goi véi cde tuy chon dé chi cach hanh wit. Ta c6 thé sir dung Iénh “show applications” trong giao dign Ignh eta Asterisk dé chi ra cée ding dung 06 sin. CLI>show applications = Trang 44~IM HTEU CACH CAU HINH ASTERISK 3.5.4 Ngit cinh (Contexts) Natt cinh déng mt vai trd quan trong trong vige edu hinh so dd quay 6 ciia Asterisk va bio mat git cinh dinh nghta m6t ving (scope) cho phép phan chia so 46 quay sé thinh nhiéu phan khac nhau. Vigc hiéu ngit canh durge gin két véi cde kénh 1 rit quan trong. Khi ting dai Asterisk nhin mt eude goi, cude goi duge xir ly trong phin ngit cdnh goi dén (incoming). Nair cinh (context) goi dén Tuén tudn duuge dinh nghia boi tap tin cdu hinh kénh (iax.conf, sip.conf, zap.conf...) Gia sir ring ching ta o6 2 lép nguéi sir dung “managers” va “guests”. Gia sit ring ching ta mudn ¢6 2 thong digp cho “guests” va “managers” khi ho quay s6 “9000”. Ta 6 thé lam durge vige nay bing ede dinh nghTa ngtt cénh goi dén trong tp tin cfu hi kénh (sip.conf, iax.conf, zap.cont). Trong vi du bén dui, khi nhanvienA quay s6 9000, nhanvienA nhén durge thong 4igp “youareaguest”. Khi nhanvienB quay cing sé nay nhanvienB nhan durge thong digp khic “youaremanager”. sip.conf [hanvienB] tanagers [nhanvienA} context=guests hos! namic extensions.conf [ohanvienB] exten=>9000, 1, Playback(youareamanager) [ohanvienA] exten=>9000,1, Playback(youareaguest) Khi higu khai nigm nay ta c6 thé tao ra nhiéu chute nang khae nhau trong Asterisk. (Cae ngit ciinh khée nhau 6 thé duge str dung dé phyc vy cho nhiéu céng ty khée nha vi nhiéu lop ngudi ding khée nhau trong cing edu hinh Asterisk. Ngit cdnh 06 thé duge xic dink 1d ai e6 thé goi due cude goi during dai va ai khong duce. Nair cénh nhan mét tén bén trong diu “[]”. Tat ca céc 1énh dinh nghta sau d6 1a mt phin cia ngir cinh, Bé bat du mét ngit canh, don gin la chen vio phan ngtt canh Gi, Mot ngit cinh két thie khi mt ngit eanh kha bat dau, C6 2 ngi canh quan trong trong tap cdu hinh extensions.conf. Ngit canh [globals] duge sir dung dé dinh nghia céc bién trong khi ngér cémh [general] duge sir dung dé inh nghia ede ty chon chung. = Trang 45 ~IM HTEU CACH CAU HINH ASTERISK 3.6 Tim hiéu cach tao mét so do quay sé Bay gity chiing ta bit dau véi vige tgo ra so d8 quay sé dau tién. Chiing ta sé sit dung cde vi dy dé mé ta so dé quay sé. Hay di ting bude: 3.6.1 Vidy co ban Trong vi du nay, Asterisk s€ nhan m6t cude goi, phat ra mOt am thanh va giai toa cude oi. Diéu chinh tp tin extensions.conf bao gdm: [incoming] exten=>s,Lanswer() exten=>s,2,playback(goodbye) Jhangup0) Uu tién 1 goi tmg dung answer() dé tra lei. Asterisk diéu khién duémg diy va thiét lap ede cude goi. Sau khi tr lai nd s® qua wu tién tiép theo. Uu tién 2 goi img dung playback?) dé phat ra mét am than tir tap tin goodbye.gsm. Cuéi cing wu tién 3 goi ting dung hangup() két thie cude goi. MO ta vi dys M6t cud goi durge nhin bii mét giao tisp FXO duge gai dén ngit cinh incoming, duge dinh nghia trong tip tin céu inh kénh (capara.conf). Khi mat cude goi dén né duge xit ly trong sé “s” ela ngitcinh incoming, Ching ta e6 3 tuy chon mai tuy chon goi mot ing dung. : S6 dic bigt “s” duge sir dung dé bit du xit ly cude goi dén khi tng dai khong xée dinh (vi dy cude goi dén bai 1 durdng line analog). ‘Néu ching ta tra 1oi mot cuge gol, t6t hon la chung ta biét tng dung nao se thye hign. Ung dung answer() duge sir dung dé tra lai m6t kénh trong trang théi rung chudng. Mot vai ding dung yéu edu img dung answer trude khi xirly eude goi Ung dung playback() duge sit dung dé phat ra m6t ban tin tir mét tp tin arm thanh duge thu truée. Khi ting dung playback() duge thye thi, bat ky phim bam vao dua vio déu durge b6 qua. Cai phap lénh playback/filename). Né sé phat tap tin véi dudi .gsm tir thur mye m thanh mae dink. Ung dung hangup() kim nhigm vy gidng nhur tén goi ciia nd, No giai toa kénh dang kich hoat. 3.6.2 Mor vidu khéc Chiing ta hay phat trién vi du diu ciia ching ta bing cic dura ra thém 2 img dung rita: background( vi goto(). Bigu chinh yéu cho cée hé théng twong tie trén Asterisk 1a img dung background(). Né cho phép ta phat mét tap tin am thanh trong khi vin dang cho 48 nhén céc phim sé dwa vio. Khi digu nay xudt hign, am thanh dang phat sé ngumg lai va thc thi tiép theo sé tuy thuge vao cae s6 durge bam. Cai phap edu lénh ting dung background) exten=>extension, priority, backgroundifilename) exten=>s, 6 duge goi dén = Trang 46 -CHUONC IM HTEU CACH CAU HINH ASTERISK Mét img dung hau ich khée li govo(). Nhu tén etia n6, né nha tir nga eanh hign tai qua m6t s6 n6i 66, mot s6 wu tién dén mot ndi dung xéc dinh, s6 ndi b6 va mot s6 wu tign khae Cai phap ting dung gotog) exten => extension, priority,goto(context,extension, priority) Cai phap hop Ié cia goto): Goto(context,extension priority) Goto(extension priority) Goto(priority) Day la mot vi du ciia mot eng ty nhé véi 3 phdng ban: ky thudt hd tro, kinh doanh va hudn luyén. Ching ta hay tao ra mot hé théng tong téc cho phép cde ngudi ding 66 thé chon phing ban durge goi. Diu tién, ching ta sé phat mot doan chao hdi gidi thigu giéng nhu “bam phim 1 dé hd try ky thudt, phim 2 dé hudn tuyén, va phim 3 dé 2p phang kinh doanh”. Trong vi du nay ching ta khéng xit ly nhitng trxémg hop Bd $6 sl, Sau kita chon mot phong ban, he thdng s€ phat mot ban tn ging nhu “Ban dang két ndi dén phong ban...” va chuyén vige xir ly dén mOt ngit canh tuong tng. [incoming] exten=>s, l,Answer() exten=>s, 2,Background(greeting) exten=>s,3,hangup). exten=> 1.1 playback(support) exten=> 1,2,got0(supports,1) exten=> 2,1 playhack(training) exten=>2,2,goto(training,s,1) exten=> 3,1 playhack(sales) exten=>3,2,goto(sales,s,1) Dign giai timg bud Khi mt ngudi nao d6 thye hign euge goi dign thoai dén hé théng Asterisk thong qua card giao tiép FXO (dX duge céu hinh [incoming] trong zapara.conf), s6 “s” trong [incoming] 4a duge trigger. Sé “s” tra loi cude goi sir dung ting ung background va phat m@t thong digp chao, chi nhin s6, Néu ngudi sir dung bam s6 “1” thi hg théng sé chuyén sang s6 “1” va phat m6t ban tin twong ting “Ban durge chuyén dén phong hi try ky thuat”. Tigp theo, s6 “2” goi dén [support] dé xir ly tiép... 3.6.3 Céc kénh cau ndi sit dung ting dung dial Ta cé thé nang cp vi dy cia minh biing céch thém vao lénh dial/). Thay vi géi dén att I mOt ngit can khéc, chiing ta s® chuyén cude goi dén mot s6 ndi bo mot cdch true tigp ding img dung dial? [incoming] exten=>s, Answer) exten=>s,2,Background(greeting) = Trang 47~CHUONC IM HTEU CACH CAU HINH ASTERISK exten=>s,3,hangup0) exten=> 1, I playback(support) exten=> 1,2, Dial(SIP/8000) exten=>2, playhack(training) exten=>2,2,Dial(ZAP/1) 3,1 playback(sales) >3,2,Dial(lAX2/8002) So sinh véi vi dy din tign, ching ta vim too ra m@t duéng tat. Thay vi én mot ngit cénh khéc, chiing ta bay gid chuyén cude goi dén kénh cudi cing. Cho “support”, ching ta s& tnrc tiép goi dén SIP phone véii sé 8000. Cho “training” chiing ta st chuyén cude goi trye tiép dén TDM (analog hode digital) dén kénh sé “1”. Cudi cing cho “sales” chiing ta s& g6i cuge goi dén IAX2 phone véi sé “8002”. 3.7 Tim hiéu eich tgo mot hé théng IVR. ‘Trade khi thye hign mot hé théng IVR ta di tim higu cae tng dung co ban dé tao ra exten’ exten si cude goi hg thang IVR, sau dé ta di tim hiéu ede bude xy dug mot hé théng IVR. 3.7.1 Ung dung background) Phat mét tp tin 4m thanh trong khi van ché dé nhan cae s6 vao. Ca phap: background{filenamel [filename2...}[optionsflangoverride] [context]]) Ung dung nay s@ phat mot danh sich t§p tin durgc dura vio trong khi vin chi dé nhan m6t s6 duge goi dén bei mOt kénh goi dén. Dé tiép tue ché nhéin cae s6 sau khi img dung nay d& két thuic vige phat cée tp tin 4m thanh thi img dung WaitExten duege sit dung. tuy chon “langoverride” chi ngon ngit duge sir dung 48 nhin eée tgp tin Am thanh phat ra (tie ede tp tin am thanh durge tao ra thanh cdc bé theo ting ngén nga). ‘Néu mot ngtr céinh (context) duge sir dung thi n6 1a mot ngit canh cia so dd quay s6 ma tng dung nay sé sir dung khi hoan tt mot sé da duge gai di ‘u mot trong cae tap tin trong danh sich ede tap tin duge phat ra khong tn tai thi tién trinh phat sé bj hay ba, 3.7.2 Ung dung record) ‘Ung dung nay ding dé thu am tir mgt kénh va tg0 ra m6t tip tin dinh sin, néu tap tin nay 43 tn tai thi nd s& ghi dé Ten a phap: record(filename format silencefmaxduration]foption]) + “format” ; 1a kigu dinh dang eta tap tin e6 thé lu duge (nh: wav, gsm...) + “silence” ; 1a s6 gidy im King cho phép tru6c khi bat dau thu am, + “maxduration” : 1a s6 gidy ghi am tdi da néu khong 06 thong sé nay hode thong sé nay bing 0 thi khdng cé gidi han vé thdi gian ghi am. + “options” : tuy chon gim bét ky céc ky hy sau: © 'a': thém vao mt tap tin am thanh da t5n tai thay vi ghi dé, © 'n': khOng tra 10 nhumg Iai ghi Am bit ké dung day e6 tra loi hay khOng. = Trang 48 -IM HTEU CACH CAU HINH ASTERISK © 'q': im King, khéng phat ra tiéng beep bao bit dau ghi am. ‘in witt vige ghi Am cho du duvmg day khong ta Ibi 6 ‘t: ding dé thay vige két thie ghi am ding dau sao “*” thay vi du thang “#” 6 'x': Bé qua phim béo higu két thie ghi am va gitt dén Khi ndo ‘Néu tén tap tin c6 chira “%d" né sé thay thé cho mét s6 ting dan mdi khi m6t tép tin diroe ghi am. Diing lénh # show file formats dinh dang ma he théng hé tro. Neuai sir dung bam phim # dé két thie vige ghi am, néu ngudi si dung gic may gitta chimg thi qua trinh ghi 4m s8 bj huy bo va kh6ng Inu Iai t§p tin ghi am nay. 3.7.3 Uing dung playback Phat mot tp tin ém thanh (khéng can dua vao phan dudi) Cai pha: playback( {filename [& filename?...]foption]) 3.74 Uing dung read) ‘Ung dung nay ding dé xac dinh truée sé con sé hay mot khoang théi gian quy dinh trude (bién s6) khi ngudi ding nh§p vao hé théng. Ca pha: Read(variable{filename] fmacxdigits] [option] [attempts] [timeout] + “filename” : tp tin am thanh phat ra truée khi dgc cdc con s6. + “maxdigits” : sé cae con sé nhap vao ti da. + “attempts” : néu In hon 1 tire sé thir nhidu Lin néu khéng c6 dit ligu dua vio. 3.7.5 Ung dung gotoif) Ca phap: Gotoiffcondition?[labelifirue]:[labeliffalse]) ‘Ung dung nay sé gitip cho cudc goi c6 thé nhay dén mot ving xac dinh trong so dd quay sé dya vao gid tr trong phan diéu kign (condition). Cude goi sé tiép tue dén “fabeliftrue” néu thoa digu kign va “lableiffalse” néu khong thoa. “label” 06 cdu tric twong ty nhu cdu tric sir dung trong ing dung goto(). 3.8 Xay dyng mot hg thong IVR Yeu cu: Khi nhgn s6 IVR sé phat mot tap tin am thanh vi ndi dung *Chao mig ban dén voi cong ty XYZ, bam phim 1 dé vao phong kinh doanh, phim 2 dé vao phong hd tro kg thuat, bm s6 3 dé vao phong hudn luyén, hode xin quy khach char trong gidy lit 48 gap téng dai vign cia ching t6i...”. Khi s6 1 duge bam, cude goi sé duge chuyén dén phong kinh doanh (SIP/4001); néu bim phim s6 2, cuge goi sé duge chuyén dén phong ho tro k¥ thuét (SIP/4002); néu bim phim s6 3, cudec goi sé drge chuyén dén phong hudin Iuygn (S1P/4003), Néu khong ¢6 phim nao duge bam thi chuyén cue goi dén ting dai vien (SIP/4000), = Trang 49 -iM HIEU CACH CAU HINH ASTERISK Ta thee hign hé théng IVR qua 2 bude: 3.8.1 Thu am loi chao ‘Chiing ta tao ra m6t Idi chao biing cach ghi am mot Idi cho véi tén duge nhap vao sau khi quay s6 9001, sau khi nghe tiéng bip ta bit dé thu dm va khi két thic ta bam nit thang “#” dé liu Iai tap tin nay va phat lai tap tin dé kiém tra: Ta tao ra céc Ignh sau trong tap tin extensions.conf: exten=_9001., answer) exten=_9001..n,record(S{EXTEN:4} 1) exten=_9001..n,playback(${EXTEN:4}) 9001,» handup) 3.8.2 Tao ra hé thing IVR OPERATOR=>SIP/4000 [memi) exten CHUONC exten A background(mainmenu) exten=> 1.1 goto(sales.s,1) exten=>2, .goto(techsupport,s,1) oD) + Néu bam sai sé thi chuyén qua 86 ciia tong dai vién exten=> i, ,dial(${OPERATOR}) : Néu hét thoi gian thi chuyén qua sé ctia tong dai vien exten=>1,1, dial(S{OPERATOR}) [sales] exten=s, I,dial(SIP/4001, 20,1) [techsupport] exten=s,1,dial(S1P/4002,20,11) [training] exten=s, I dial(S1P/4003, 20,11) exten=>3,1,goto(training, = Trang 50 ~CHUONG 4: XAY DUNG MOT TONG DAI THUC TE 4.1. M6 ti efe bude thye hign 1. Mé ta chite nang va hoat dng cua ting dai 2. Céu hinh phan cig, 3. Cai dat ting dai Asterisk 4, Chuan bj va cai dat cae thigt bj FXS, FXO, 5. Cau hinh cde théng s6 trong tong dé 6, Thiét lp cfc Client va kiém tra cude goi. 4.2 M6 ti chite mang va hoat dng ciia tong dai M6 ta nhu cau cong. + Khoang 50 sé n6i bd, dm bao kha ning xit ly cude goi \t trong ndi bo. + Bén ngoai goi vao sé ndi b6 cia céng ty phai qua ting dai vién, 6 thé goi true tiép dén mot s6 86 dae diet, + Ding hé théng IVR 4é giao tiép voi khach hang. + Cé co ché phan quyén goi di ndi hat, di ddng, lién tinh, quée té va cde dich vu 1900... 4.3 Cau hinh phin cing + CPU: P42.8 GHz + RAM: 512 MB + HDD: 80 GB Sata + Card Digium TDM400P Dénh gia chung edu hinh: edu hinh nay so v6i edu hinh thye t& phan etimg hign nay 1a thdp, Nhung trén thye té ting dai Asterisk khong yéu cau cdu hinh qua cao, Cau hinh 48 nghj bén trén c6 thé sir dung cho cOng ty e6 khong 500 nguii ding voi mo hinh phan tin kha rong (cdu hinh server Asterisk ciia céng ty Thé Gidi Di Dong voi 1200 nhan vign, 30 siéu thi hoat dng trén to’n quéc). 4.4 Cai dt tong dai Asterisk bi. Cai dat hg digu hanh CentOs 5.2 b2. Cai dit ede géi trong ting dai Asterisk b3. Cai dat Asterisk-GUI dé hé tro cdu hinh va quan ly tong dai (Cie bude ai dat tham khao Chuong 2) 4.5 Chuiin bj va cai dit cae thiét bj FXS, FXO. Chiing ta sé sir dung mét card giao tiép thoai cia Digium TDM400 véi | module FXS va I module FXO va thye hign cée bude sau: 1. Cai dit board mach TDMAOOP. 2. Cau hinh tdp tin Zaptelconf. 3. Cai dat driver cho mach giao. b4. Chay zuest dé kiém tra ede ng b5. Chay ztofe dé edu hink driver. = Trang $1 ~AY DUNG MOT TONG DAI THYC TE. 46. Cau hinh kénh ZAP trong tdp tin zapata.conf. 7. Load Asterisk. Bue 1: Cai dt board mach TDM400P TDM400P, Hinh 46: TDM400P card TDM4O00P chira cic module FXS va FXO. Két ndi cic module FXS (S100M - ‘mau xanh) va FXO (Z100M - may 46) dén TDM400P néu chua duge két ndi. Cac module FXS cin c6 thém nguén 48 cung cip dign ap rung chudng. Néu ta sit dung FXS thi clin thiét két ndi card nay true tiép dén ngudn dign 12V (giéng nhur 6 cimg). Sir dung ngudn dign Gn dinh dé khong lim hong card. Cae module FXO va FXS FXO module FSO module (SI00M- mau dé) (X100M - mau xanh) Hinh 47: FXO module (S100M - méu do), FXS Module (X100M - mau xanh) = Trang 52-CHUONC AY DUNG MOT TONG DAI THYC TE. Bude 2: Ciu hinh tip tin zaptel.conf Tap tin zaptel.conf phai duge chinh sita lai dé cu hinh zaptel driver. Tap tin -zapiel.conf nim trong thu mye /et fisks=1 ; FXS port, dim bio module FXS ném vj tri sé 1. feoks=2 ; FXO port defaultzone=us loadzon Bude 3: Tai cde kernel driver Bay gid ching ta tai cic module zaptel va cée driver ca card kemel tong ting, ta 6 bang tham khao céc driver cua Digium: Weep GREWTI-SSV PCI TEA0SP, Weldanp 4xEI/TI-SV PCL ‘TDM400P | wetdm 4 FXS/FXO wetlxxp wwellxxp Bang 3: Danh sich tham khdo cic driver cia Digium Ta thye hign cde lénh sau: # modprobe zaptel # modprobe wetdm Bude 4: Sit dung tién ich zttest Mot img dung quan trong Ia zttest. Né duge sit dung dé kiém tra cde ngit interrupt) bi thiéu trong card zaptel. Van 48 chét Iugng 4m thanh thuong lién quan én cac xung dét (conflict) cita cae ngat. Dé kiém tra card zaptel khéng chia sé ngit (interrupt) vdi cdc card khac ta c6 thé sir dung Ienh sau: # cat /procinterrupts Ta c6 thé kiém tra s6 cée ngat bi thiéu bing cach sir dung tign ich zttest 48 durge bign dich véi eae card zaptel Bude 5: Sit dung tign ich ztefg dé cdu hinh driver Dé cau hinh driver cho card zaptel ban dau ta phai cdu hinh tap tin zaptel. conf trrée sau 46 mdi str dung céc cdu hinh nay dé céu hinh driver zaptel si dung lénh ztefg. # 2tcfe Sau khi hoi tét céu hinh phan cimg, ta e6 thé thu hign vige edu hinh Asterisk = Trang $3 ~CHUONC AY DUNG MOT TONG DAI THYC TE. Buée 6: ciu hinh dip tin zapata.conf Sau khi cu hinh card zaptel, ta méi chi edu hinh cho card thoi nhung né cdn durge sit dung cho cde mye dich khée nhu dinh tuyén va SS7. Dé sir dung véi Asteirsk ta phai céu hinh cde kénh Zapata Astersik. Mi kénh trong Asterisk phai duge dinh ghia, céc kénh SIP durge dinh nghia trong tap tin sip.conf, cae kénh TDM duge dinh ghia trong t§p tin zapata.conf. N6 s® tao ra céc kénh TDM Iudn ly dé sir dung trong so dd quay sé. signalling=fes_ks group=1 context=incoming ! 2 Rénh 1 FXS -fo_ks channel signalling: group=2 context=extensions channel=> 2 : Kénh 2 FXO Bute 7: #asteris ‘oad Asterisk CLI>restart now = Trang $4 ~CHUONC AY DUNG MOT TO? \G BAI THYC TE 4.6 Cu hinh cae thong s6 trong tong dai Ta thye hign edu hinh eéc tp t spata.conf, sip.conf va extentions.conf sapata.conf {channels} context=incoming signalling=fxs_ks group=1 channel => 1 context=extensions signalling=fxo_ks group: channel => 2 sip.conf [4000] type=friend context=defiult;noihat context=didong:duongdai context=default;noihat [4004] type=ftiend context=default;noihat extensions.conf {elobiais} OPERATOR=SIP;4000 [incoming] exten=s\1 ialS {OPERATOR} 20417) hangup) [default] bd la cae sé 06 4 96 bait dtu tir sb 4 AXXX, ,dial(SIP/S{EXTEN},20,7) exten=>_4XXX.n,hangup() {[noihat) ; Bam s6.9 dé ra ngoai exten=>_9,,1,dial(ZAP/g1/S{EXTEN¢1 },20,tT) cexten=>_9..mhangup() [duongdai] exten=>_90[2-8], 1 ,dial(ZAP/gI/${EXTEN:1} 20,47) exten=>_90[2-8]..n,hangup() [didong] exten=>_909. 1 dial(ZAP/gl/S{EXTEN:1},20,T) [dichvu] exten=>_91[8,9]00.,1 dial(ZAP/g1/S{EXTEN:1} 20.7) exten=>_91[8,9]00.,n_900,1,dial(ZAP/al/S{EXTEN:1} 20.) exten=>_900.,n,hangup() {menu} s,,background(mainmenu) >1,1,goto(sales.s,1) >2,L-goto(techsupport.s,1) >3,L-goto(training.s,1) exten=>i,1 ial {OPERATOR} exten==t1, dial(S {OPERATOR}) [sales] cexten=s, | dial(SIP/4001,20,T) [techsupport} exten | dial(SIP/4002,20,7) [training] exten | dial(SIP/4003,20,tT) = Trang $5 ~MOT TONG BAI THYC TE 4.7 Thiét lip cic Client va kiém tra cude goi Dé kiém tra cude goi ndi b6 diing softphone ta tién hanh edu hinh cée thong s6 ctia téng dai bing phin mém X-lite. + Cii dt va khdi dong chuong trinh X-lite, + Vao mye SIP Account Settings... + Thiét lap céc thong sé dé két ndi mot s6 ndi bd vao trong téng dai rear) [ZRegaer nth doh nese ang ce ‘Odnan Oreos Qua onan tna Hinh 48: Thiét lap cdc thong sé X-lite Cc thong sé dn thidt tgp bao gém: ~ User name: ta s6 ndi b6 (extension) ~ Password: la mat khéu ctia sé ndi bé (secret) ~ Authorization user name: la 36 n6i b6 (extension), - Domain: li IP ciia Server cai dat Asterisk, néu cing trong mang LAN thi IP nay 1a IP cia Server Asterisk, néu céu hinh qua intemet thi IP nay 1a mot IP WAN mat ngoai sau khi da NAT vao trong Server Asterisk ndi bo. Cai dat twong ty cho cée sé kha trong hé théng dé nhgn va thy hign cdc cude go = Trang 56 -(HUONG 5: BANH GIA CHUNG VA HUONG MO CUA pil CHUONG 5: DANH GIA CHUNG VA HUONG MO CUA DE TAL 5.1 Dinh gid chung Nhin chung tng dai IP PBX Asterisk ld mot giai php cung cp tang dai dign thoai kha hoan hao, cée cng ty e6 mé hinh phan bé rng, dja ban 1én 6 thé Ap dyng trién khai cho két qua khd tt. Sau day ta danh gid chung lai cde wu diém va nhuge diém cia ting dai nay. SLI Ui diém ¥ Nén ting ma ngudn mé chay trén nén Linux va cOng déng sir dung lén gidp vige hoan thign hé théng tét hon trong khi vin dim bao tinh linh hoat va tr do trong vige phat trién hé théng. ¥ Méi trang phat trién nhanh chdng va d& ding. Asterisk e6 thé duge mé rong bing cach sir dung ede ngon ngt kich bin gidng nhu PHP va Perl véi cée giao dign AMI va AGI. Asterisk la ma ngudn mo va ma nguén ctia né 6 thé durge chinh sta boi ngudi sir dung. Ma nguén duge viét héu hét trén ngén ngit lap trinh ANSI C. Y Xay dung hé thang voi chi phi thap. Gidu tinh nang (IVR, ACD, Voicemail...) Y Kha nang két ndi trong dia ban rong 1én, nhiéu noi khée nhau trén ‘mang rigng hay ngay c& mang internet. Y Cho phép cde nhan vién 6 thé tich hop Web va Email véi Voicemail. Cho phép ccic nhan vign lam vige di déng truy cp vao PBX cita cdng ty tir bat ky noi nio ‘vai chi mt két ndi bang théng rng hay két ndi VPN. < mang IP, v 5.1.2 Nhding diém hgn ché Y Tinh én dinh khéng cao bing dién thoai truyén théng. Do hg théng phu thude nhidu vio Server, dudng truyén Internet, bi chan boi Firewall, hoat dong cia NAT dia chi mang... Khi cée vin dé nay khong durge giai quyét mat cdch hop Iy s& sinh ra sy khong én dinh trong hoat dng. Y Théi quen sir dyng softphone (dign thoai théng qua PC - X-lite) khéng nhiéu, vige sir dung softphone dé goi dign thoai khong tign loi bling dign thogi truyén théng trong khi vige diu tr IP Phone phai ddi hoi e6 mang Internet va chi phi kha cao cho thiét bj nay. Y QOS thap. Vige danh gid va cai thign QoS tang chat lung cia gidi phap ddi hoi phai xy dung mét h@ théng mang WAN cé chit long. Cé ede dudmg thué ken rigng (Lease line) gita ede hi nha lam ting ehi phi van han hé thdng é ‘ro ngai trong vige sit dung higu qua hé théng, Thue té trong khi hoat dong khi hé théng khéng dép tng duge yéu ciu eta doanh nghiép lip tie giai php IP PBX gap nhigu khé khan va phai ban lai tinh kha thi ciing nw tinh higu qua trong, = Trang $7~1 Hwéng mé ctia dé tai Vi thai gian lam ludn van e6 han, eding nbur kién thite vé moi trudmg Linux va tong ai Asterisk khong sdu nén lun van dimg Iai é mite do xdy dyng mot tng dai, edu hinh va van hanh céc chire nang trong tng dai Asterisk. Khi trién khai thye té 06 rat nhiéu khé khan vé mat xir ly ky thudt mang cing nhu dam bao QoS va bao mat hé théng, sira 16i trong ee cu hinh dc thi: mang thyc t& cia tig cng ty. Huéng mé cia 4@ tai la trién Khai thinh mot mang IP PBX Asterisk trong thu té, 6 sita cdc Idi va cor ché dim bio QoS va bao mat hé théng. Ngoai ra tong dai Asterisk cn gifip ta xy dyng nén mt trung tim hd try khéch hing (Call Center). Bay lim mot mg dyng rit manh cia ting dai Asterisk mang lai nhigu Igi ich cho doanh nghiép trong vige hd try va phuc vu khaich hang cling nhur phat trién mot trung tim ban hang tryc tuyén cho céng ty. Mot lin nita em xin el in thanh cam on sy dinh hudng va chi bao chén tinh cla Thiy Pham Binh Nguyén da hd tro va tao nigu diéu kign dé em hod thinh durge fn van nay. = Trang 58 ~TAILIEU THAM KHAO. TAL LIEU THAM KHAO + hup://www.asterisk org! + http://www.digium.com/ + Asterisk PBX Configuration Guide - Flavio E. Goncalves. + Asterisk The Future of Telephony - OReilly. + Trixbox2 Without Tears - Ben Sharif. + Call Center Operation - Design, Operation, And Maintenance - 2003 Digital Press. = Trang 59 -