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MC LC
LI NI U.............................................................................................................iii
CHNG I: TNG QUAN V NGUYN LIU QU CHUI.............................1
I.
NGUN GC.....................................................................................................1
C IM C BN CA CHUI..............................................................1
IV.
NH NGHA.....................................................................................................4
II.
MC CH......................................................................................................4
III.
1. HTS bung.......................................................................................................4
2. HTS hm..........................................................................................................4
3. HTS phun.........................................................................................................4
4. HTS thp..........................................................................................................4
5. HTS thng quay..............................................................................................4
6. HTS tng si....................................................................................................5
7.Nguyn tc sy........................................................................................................5
V.
1. u im............................................................................................................ 5
2. Khuyt im....................................................................................................6
CHNG III: TNG QUAN V PHNG PHP SY CHUI..........................7
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
S CNG NGH......................................................................................13
II.
II.
KT LUN.................................................................................................................26
TI LIU THAM KHO..........................................................................................27
MT S BNG NH KM....................................................................................28
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
LI NI U
Trong nhng nm gn y nn nng nghip nc ta t nhiu thnh tu to
ln.Ngoi vic p ng nhu cu tiu dng ni a, nc ta bt u xut khu nng sn
cng vi cc ch phm ca n. Do vic ng dng cc cng ngh mi ng mt vai tr
ht sc quan trng.Trong , cng nghip sy l khu quan trng trong cng ngh sau thu
hoch, ch bin v bo qun nng sn.
Sy l mt qu trnh cng ngh c s dng trong rt nhiu ngnh cng nng nghip.
Qu trnh sy khng ch l qu trnh tch nc v hi nc ra khi vt liu mt cch n
thun m l qu trnh cng ngh. N i hi sau khi sy vt liu phi m bo cht lng
cao, tiu tn nng lng t v chi ph vn hnh thp. thc hn qu trnh sy ngi ta
s dng mt h thng gm nhiu thit b nh thit b sy ( hm sy, thp sy, thng
sy.), thit b t nng tc nhn( calorifer) hoc thit b lm lnh lm kh tc nhn,
qut, bm v mt s thit b ph nh hm t, cyclone Chng ta gi h thng cc thit
b thc hin mt qu trnh sy c th no l mt h thng sy.
Hm sy l mt trong nhng h thng sy i lu thng dng nht. Nu h thng sy
hm l h thng sy tng m, nng sut sy khng ln v c th t chc cho tc nhn sy
i lu t nhin hoc cng bc th h thng sy hm c nng sut ln hn, c th sy
lin tc hoc bn lin tc v lun lun l h thng sy i lu cng bc.
Sy nng sn l mt qui trnh cng ngh phc tp.N c th thc hin trn nhng thit
b sy khc nhau. ng vi mt loi nng sn ta cn chn ch sy thch hp nhm t
nng sut cao,cht lng sn phm sy tt v tit kim nng lng.
Trong n ny em c giao nhim v thit k mt h thng sy dng cho vic sy
sn phm l chui. Vi nhim v , cng ngh sy c yu cu l sy t vi tc nhn
sy l khng kh c gia nhit v nh qut thi vo. H thng ny c lp t ti Cn
Th vi nhit khng kh vi m trung bnh trong nm l t=25 0C; =80%. y l
ln u tin thit k h thng sy nn trong qu trnh tnh ton c nhiu sai st do kin
thc cn hn ch, knh mong Thy C thng cm v tn tnh gip . Nhn tin y em
xin chn thnh cm n Thy V Tn Thnh tn tnh hng dn chng em hon thnh
n ny.
Sinh vin thit k
Nguyn Th Ngt
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
NGUN GC
III.
Thit k n mn hc
IV.
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
Nc
ng
kh
Sacharose
Acid hu
c
Tinh
bt
Protit
Acid
amin
Lipid
Tanin
Vitamin
(mg%)
Tro
76,38
14,18
2,35
0,326
3,298
0,92
0,083
1,13
0,068
0,565
0,7
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
Cht amino acid tryptophan c trong chui s c chuyn ho thnh serotonin, gip
gim thiu triu chng trm cm v ci thin tm trng. Nh vy, chui l mt phng
thc rt tt nhm gim cng thng v tm trng stress.
n chui thng xuyn gip gim nguy c thoi ho iim vng, mt trong nhng
nguyn nhn gy gim th lc ngi cao tui.
Do cha hm lng kali cao v natri thp, nn chui chnh l s la chn thch hp
gim thiu nguy c b huyt p cao v t qu.
Chui cng rt giu hp cht phenolic gip chng lo ho,v th n chui thng
xuyn cn gip ngn nga nguy c ung th thn.
Do hm lng st cao nn chui gip tng thnh phn hemoglobintrong mu v gim
thiu bnh mu.
2. Tnh cht vt l c bn ca chui
Khi lng ring: =977 kg/m3
Nhit dung ring: c=1,0269 kJ/kg.
H s dn nhit:=0,52 W/m.
Kch thc ca qu chui: ng knh 2 -5 cm
Di 8-20 cm
Khi lng: 50-200 gr
m vt liu sy:
m ca chui trc khi em vo sy:1=80%
m ca chui sau khi sy: 2=12%
Nhit sy cho php: t=( 60-90) 0C.
NH NGHA
Sy l qu trnh tch m ra khi vt liu nhm trnh h hng trong qu trnh bo qun,
tng bn cho sn phm.Di thi i cng nghip, sy c xem l mt qu trnh
cng ngh c ng dng rng ri trong ngnh cng nghip, nng nghip.
3
Thit k n mn hc
II.
III.
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
MC CH
Gim trng lng
Gim chi ph chuyn ch v ng thi n cng lm tng gi tr cm quan cho sn
phm.
Vi sinh vt( vi khun, nm mc v nm men) cn nc trong thc phm pht trin.
Sy hiu qu ngn cn chng sng st trong thc phm.
Loi b phn nc t do trong sn phm, lm gim hot ca nc a w , lm chm
bt qu trnh sinh hc => bo qun sn phm thc phm.
CHN PHNG N SY
H thng sy (HTS) i lu gm cc dng: HTS bung, HTS hm, HTS thp, HTS
thng quay, HTS kh ng, HTS tng si, HTS phun.
1. HTS bung
Nng sut thng nh, Vt liu sy (VLS) c t c nh trn qu trnh sy hoc xe
gong nn c nh trong sut qu trnh sy. Do qu trnh sy khng c ng u.
khc phc th ngi ta b tr cch a tc nhn sy(TNS) theo ng dch dc to nn
s ng u cho sn phm sy. H thng ny ch ph hp cc vt liu sy m ta kh lm
cho n b xo trn c trong qu trnh sy, l nhng VLS; tm g, gch, ngi.
Trong khi thc rt d xo trn nn khng dng thit b ny.
2. HTS hm
C nng sut ln hn HTS bung, qu trnh sy(QTS) khng theo chu k nh HTS
bung m lien tc. Nhng HTS ny vn c nhc im ging HTS bung l khng dng
sy thc.
3. HTS phun
Ch dng sy cc dung dch huyn ph nn khng dng sy thc.
4. HTS thp
C th sy lien tc vi nng sut cao, rt ph hp cho sy ht.VLS chy lien tc t
trn xung di tc dng ca trng lc bn than. Do qu trnh sy VLS c xo trn
u cng TNS nn sn phm sy ng u. Hn na, vic phn vng TNS nng- lnh
cng d dng nn p dng c hiu ng A.V.Luikov.
5. HTS thng quay
Cng nh HTS thp, HTS ny rt ph hp sy ht, VLS cxo trn nh cnh xa
trn khi thng quay. TNS vo u ny v ra khi u kia ca thng sy. Do QTS c
lien tc. HTS ny c u im xo trn ng u hn nhiu so vi HTS thp do c cnh
xo trn c dn ng nh ng c quay. Nhng cng iu ny m n ch c hiu qu
khi sy vi nng sut trung bnh cn khi sy vi nng sut ln th vic dn ng cho
thng quay cng i hi tn km v phc tp.
6. HTS tng si
4
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
2.
U IM V NHC IM CA QU TRNH SY
u im
Hm lng nc cn li trong sn phm cn rt t (2-4%).
Khng lm thay i tnh cht t nhin ca sn phm.
Bo qun thc phm sy kh lu.
ng dng rng ri, r tin.
Qu trnh sy din ra nhanh.
C th iu khin c t trng sn phm.
Thit b c nng sut cao, lm vic lin tc v c th t ng ha hon ton.
Vt liu hu nh khng tip xc b mt kim loi ca thit b trong qu sy nn trnh n
mn.
Bt sau khi sy c ha tan cao (90- 100%), m thp (3- 4%).
Vn hnh v bo dng n gin.
Khuyt im
Yu cu k thut ch to my, cng ngh sy khc khe
K thut ng gi phi m bo mi trng ng gi c m thp(<30%) v nhit
thp(<200C).
Bao b phi dng PE, bao lp nhm v c cha nit.
5
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
I.
BN CHT CA QU TRNH SY
Sy l s bc hi nc ca sn phm bng nhit nhit thch hp, l qu trnh
khuch tn do chnh lch m b mt v bn trong vt liu, hay ni cch khc l do
chnh lch p sut hi ring phn b mt vt liu v mi trng xung quanh.
II.
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
III.
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
VI.
Phn loi
Bc v
Ra ho cht (ln 1)
Ct lt
10
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
Ra ln 2
Sy
Phn loi
X l n, tia t ngoi (nu c)
ng gi
Bo qun
Sn phm
11
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
nhit, chi ph thp nhng c mt s b thm nc, thm kh(PE), chu nhit km (PVC,
PET).
Bao ti cht do dng bo qun hoa qu kh c th ch gm mt mng cht do
hoc kt hp nhiu mng.
S CNG NGH
12
Thit k n mn hc
Khng kh
ngoi tri
Calorifer
t=250C
=80%
Li
lc
bi
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
t=800C
t=980C
H0=0,0025
Khng kh t nhin
Vt liu kh t=36,50C
Hi=0,01605
ng thot h
=12%
Sy
Qut
Vt liu m
t=250C
=80%
II.
13
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
x
12
100 x 100 - 12
X=
=0,136
m ban u( theo cn bn kh):
x0
80
100 x0 100 - 80
X0 =
=4
m cn bng( theo cn bn kh):
xs
10
100 x s 100 - 10
X=
=0,111
Chiu dy ca vt liu: L=0.0025m
H s khuch tn m: Dff=2,1.10-10
T cng thc tnh ton:
2
2
( 2 n 1) . . Dff . 2
X Xs
8 100
1
4L
.
.e
X 0 X s 2 n 1 ( 2n 1) 2
Sn phm P,xP
Thit b t sy
14
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
T (1) suy ra c:
P=
F .x F 500.0,2
xP
0,88
113,64
16,173
=113,64 (kg/m)=
7,063kg/m/h
16,173
W = F P =500-113,64=386,36 (kg/m)=
23,8894kg/m/h
15
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
Thit b t sy
Ethalpy khng kh ra, Eaout
Nc
20%
80%
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
Ep = P.Cp.Tp
Cp:
Tp:
Nhit sn phm ra khi thit b (oC) bng nhit bu t ti nhit
khng kh ra khi thit b (Taout) v m tuyt i ca khng kh ra khi thit b(Ho)
Thnh phn sn phm chui sau khi sy:
Carbohydrate
Nc
98%
2%
= Ca . Ma . T a
Ca = 1,005 + 1,88.H
i
Hi :
m tuyt i ca khng kh vo my sy c xc nh bng cch tra dn
vi nhit khng kh ngoi tri v m khng kh tng ng (kgH 2O/kg
Khng kh kh).
M a
T a
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
= C a . M a . T a = 1,0352.Main.98 = 101,4496.Main
out
out
out
= Ca . Ma . T a
C out
a
= 1,005 + 1,88.Ho
Ca
Eout
a
out
= 83,784. M a
Enthalpy ca bc hi
Eevp = .W
: n nhit bc hi ca m
= 2287,4 (kJ/kg)
(Tra bng I.1250 trang 313 s tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 1 Tra bng
ti nhit trung bnh khng kh vo v ra l 890C)
W:
M a
M out
a
18
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
out
Ho. M a = M a .Hi + W
out
(do M a = M a )
Ta c
Ho =
M a . H i+W
M a
3943,2354.0,01605 23,8894
3943,2354
= 0,0221
Th li kt qu so vi H0 gi s ta c:
0,0225 0,0221
0,0221
= 0,01772<5%
Nh vy ta nhn H0 = 0,0225 t gi thuyt.
T tnh ton trn cui cng ta s c c
Lng khng kh vo my sy:
Main=
M a
Qin = 3943,2354.1,0751=4239,3724(m3/gi)
19
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
20
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
CC THNG S PHI C
Ti:
T=250C, Hi=0,01605 (kgH2O/kg khng kh kh)
Thit k n mn hc
kk =
1
Vkk
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
1
0,8665
=1,1541 (kg/m3)
Wk =
M
kk
3943,2354
3416,72
1,1541
(m3/h)
Tavg =
in
out
Tair
Tair
2
25 98
61,5
2
Nhit dung ring trung bnh ca khng kh: Cair =1,005776 (kJ/kgoC)
(Tra bng I.179, trang 204 s tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 1 ti nhit
trung bnh 61,5oC)
Nhit lng cn cung cp:
Qair = M. Cair.( Tairout Tairin) =3943,2354.1,005766.(98-25)=289515,963(kJ/h)
=80,4211(kJ/s)
II.
Dsteam =
III.
Qair
R.3600
289515,963
2248.3600
= 0,03578(kg/s)
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
LMT =
V.
80 7
80
ln( )
7
= 29,96570C
Af =
.(D2nc D2n).2.S0 =
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
D0 = 2.
VI.
.C v
= 2.
0,6896 0,0732
.12,4734
= 0,0389 (m)
Rv
1,4
27
B0 0,525
(ng/v)
Dnc Dn
1,3957
2
VII.
W k
3416,72
0,68
As .3600 1,3957.3600
(m/s)
TRA BNG TM CC THNG SCA KHNG KH TI NHIT TRUNG
BNH (Tavg = 61,5oC):
2034,625.10 8
D0 .U . air
1,05535
0,0389.0,7556.
1372
air
2034,625.10 8
24
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
Jf =3,9(Tra gin )
Tnh Tem:
Tem C airavg . air
K
1
3
2034,625.10 8
1,005766.
385
1
3
3,7599.10 3
Chn Qs = 1:
K
h f Qs .J f . air
D0
282,4188.10 4
.Tem 1.3,9.
0,0389
.3,7599.10 3 0,01065
Dt
0,02286 2
.
4,1043.10 4
4
4
(m2)
Dsteam 0,03578
3,2234
A
0,0111
(kg/m2.s)
Tra th ta tm c: hi =
Ta c:
re
Dnc 0,0441
0,02205
2
2
rb
Dn 0,026
0,013
2
2
yb
Lc 0,0003
1,5.10 4
2
2
hf
Tem 1 re rb .
K . yb
0, 5
3815,6
0,01092
0,02205 0,013.
4
385.1,5.10
25
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
3,9354.10 3
=
Tem 2
re 0,02205
1,6962
rb
0,013
h fi . A f A0 .
A
i
1.0,6896 0,0732 .
0,01065
19,7934
4,1043.10 4
H s truyn nhit:
U0
h fi .hi
h fi hi
19,7934.3815,6
19,6912
19,7934 3815,6
(W/m2oC)
IX.
S V NG
B mt truyn nhit:
A2
Qair
80421,1
136,3
U 0 .LMT 19,6912.29,9657
(m2)
A2 136,3
35
Ain 3,878
26
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
KT LUN
Trong sut thi gian thc hin n v ti THIT K H THNG T SY
CHUI VI NNG SUT 500KG/M em xin chn thnh cm n cc Thy C
hng dn v ch bo em mt cch tn tnh v em mun c bit gi li cm n ny n
Thy V Tn Thnh l ngi hng dn ti n ln ny tn tnh gip cho em
v nhng iu thc mc,a ra hng i c th cho ti ny v cung cp tht nhiu
kin thc cng nh l cc trang ti liu em c th hnh tng ra th no l sy hm.
V em cng mun gi li cm n n cc bn cng lm chung ti sy v nhng bn
cng lp lun h tr em cng nhau trao i v nhng iu vng mc, tho lun v
cch trnh by cng nh l nhng sai st nh m em mc phi.
Qua ti n ln ny gip em hiu thm v quy trnh cng ngh, nguyn tc
hot ng v s cu to ca thit b sy hm cng nh l quy trnh lm chui sy, c
tnh v gi tr dinh dng ca chui. Do kin thc cn nhiu hn ch v l hng nn
trong ti ny c rt nhiu sai st nhng nh s gip ca Thy em c gng hon
thnh n mt cch tt nht c th. i vi em nhng kinh nghim m Thy C truyn t
cho em tht nhiu kin thc sau ny c th gip ch cho em sau khi ra trng. Em
xin chn thnh cm n Thy C!
27
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
28
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
MT S BNG NH KM
29
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
30
Thit k n mn hc
PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
31