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Thit k n mn hc

GVHD: PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

MC LC
LI NI U.............................................................................................................iii
CHNG I: TNG QUAN V NGUYN LIU QU CHUI.............................1
I.

NGUN GC.....................................................................................................1

II. PHN LOI CHUI VIT NAM................................................................1


III.

C IM C BN CA CHUI..............................................................1

IV.

GI TR DINH DNG CA CHUI........................................................2

1. Cng dng ca chui.......................................................................................2


2. Tnh cht vt l c bn ca chui...................................................................3
CHNG II: TM HIU V VN SY.............................................................4
I.

NH NGHA.....................................................................................................4

II.

MC CH......................................................................................................4

III.

CHN PHNG N SY............................................................................4

1. HTS bung.......................................................................................................4
2. HTS hm..........................................................................................................4
3. HTS phun.........................................................................................................4
4. HTS thp..........................................................................................................4
5. HTS thng quay..............................................................................................4
6. HTS tng si....................................................................................................5
7.Nguyn tc sy........................................................................................................5
V.

U IM V NHC IM CA QU TRNH SY.............................5

1. u im............................................................................................................ 5
2. Khuyt im....................................................................................................6
CHNG III: TNG QUAN V PHNG PHP SY CHUI..........................7
I.

BN CHT CA QU TRNH SY...............................................................7

II.

PHN LOI QU TRNH SY....................................................................7

III.

NHN T NH HNG N QU TRNH SY....................................7

IV.

CNG NGH SY CHUI...........................................................................8

1. chn ca chui nguyn liu........................................................................8


2. H tr vic ra bt chui bng ho cht.......................................................8
3. Hiu qu dit khun ca tia cc tm..............................................................9
4. Xc nh m cn bng ca chui sy........................................................9

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

5. Cc ch tiu cht lng ca chui sy xut khu..........................................9


V. CNG NGH SY CHUI QU....................................................................9
VI.

QUY TRNH CNG NGH SY CHUI..................................................11

CHNG IV: S CNG NGH V THUYT MINH S .....................13


I.

S CNG NGH......................................................................................13

II.

THUYT MINH S CNG NGH.....................................................13

CHNG V: TNH TON THIT B CHNH CA THIT B SY HM.......14


I.

TNH THI GIAN SY..................................................................................14

II. CN BNG VT CHT V NNG LNG CHO THIT B SY:........14


1. Cn bng vt cht..........................................................................................14
2. Cn bng nng lng....................................................................................15
III.

XC NH KCH THC BUNG SY.................................................19

1. Tnh ton thit b vn chuyn chui.............................................................19


2. Xc nh kch thc bung sy....................................................................20
CHNG VI. TNH TON CC THIT B PHTNH TON CC THIT B
TRAO NHIT C CNH ( Theo phng php Kern)...........................................21
I.

CC THNG S PHI C............................................................................21

II.

TNH TON LNG HI T CN THIT.........................................21

III. CHN CC THNG S CN THIT CA QU TRNH TRUYN


NHIT C CNH..................................................................................................22
IV.

TNH TON CC NHIT TRUNG BNH..........................................22

V. TNH NG KNH TNG NG.......................................................22


VI.

DIN TCH CT NGANG KHNG KH C TH THI QUA.............23

VII. TRA BNG TM CC THNG S CA KHNG KH TI NHIT


TRUNG BNH (Tavg = 61,5oC):...............................................................................23
VIII.
IX.

TNH TON CHO HI TRONG NG...................................................24


S V NG....................................................................................................25

KT LUN.................................................................................................................26
TI LIU THAM KHO..........................................................................................27
MT S BNG NH KM....................................................................................28

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

LI NI U
Trong nhng nm gn y nn nng nghip nc ta t nhiu thnh tu to
ln.Ngoi vic p ng nhu cu tiu dng ni a, nc ta bt u xut khu nng sn
cng vi cc ch phm ca n. Do vic ng dng cc cng ngh mi ng mt vai tr
ht sc quan trng.Trong , cng nghip sy l khu quan trng trong cng ngh sau thu
hoch, ch bin v bo qun nng sn.
Sy l mt qu trnh cng ngh c s dng trong rt nhiu ngnh cng nng nghip.
Qu trnh sy khng ch l qu trnh tch nc v hi nc ra khi vt liu mt cch n
thun m l qu trnh cng ngh. N i hi sau khi sy vt liu phi m bo cht lng
cao, tiu tn nng lng t v chi ph vn hnh thp. thc hn qu trnh sy ngi ta
s dng mt h thng gm nhiu thit b nh thit b sy ( hm sy, thp sy, thng
sy.), thit b t nng tc nhn( calorifer) hoc thit b lm lnh lm kh tc nhn,
qut, bm v mt s thit b ph nh hm t, cyclone Chng ta gi h thng cc thit
b thc hin mt qu trnh sy c th no l mt h thng sy.
Hm sy l mt trong nhng h thng sy i lu thng dng nht. Nu h thng sy
hm l h thng sy tng m, nng sut sy khng ln v c th t chc cho tc nhn sy
i lu t nhin hoc cng bc th h thng sy hm c nng sut ln hn, c th sy
lin tc hoc bn lin tc v lun lun l h thng sy i lu cng bc.
Sy nng sn l mt qui trnh cng ngh phc tp.N c th thc hin trn nhng thit
b sy khc nhau. ng vi mt loi nng sn ta cn chn ch sy thch hp nhm t
nng sut cao,cht lng sn phm sy tt v tit kim nng lng.
Trong n ny em c giao nhim v thit k mt h thng sy dng cho vic sy
sn phm l chui. Vi nhim v , cng ngh sy c yu cu l sy t vi tc nhn
sy l khng kh c gia nhit v nh qut thi vo. H thng ny c lp t ti Cn
Th vi nhit khng kh vi m trung bnh trong nm l t=25 0C; =80%. y l
ln u tin thit k h thng sy nn trong qu trnh tnh ton c nhiu sai st do kin
thc cn hn ch, knh mong Thy C thng cm v tn tnh gip . Nhn tin y em
xin chn thnh cm n Thy V Tn Thnh tn tnh hng dn chng em hon thnh
n ny.
Sinh vin thit k

Nguyn Th Ngt

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

CHNG I: TNG QUAN V NGUYN LIU QU CHUI


I.

NGUN GC

Hnh I. Nguyn liu chui


Chui l tn gi cc loi cy thuc chi Musa; tri ca n l tri cy c n rng ri
nht. Nhng cy ny c gc t vng nhit i ng Nam v c. Ngy nay, n
c trng khp vng nhit i.
Chui c trng t nht 107 quc gia. nhiu vng trn th gii v trong thng
mi, "chui" l t thng c dng ch cc loi qu chui mm v ngt. Nhng
ging cy trng c qu chc hn c gi chui l. Cng c th ct chui mng, sau
em chin hay nng n ging nh khoai ty. Chui kh cng c nghin
thnh bt chui.
Qu ca nhng cy chui di ( Vit Nam cn gi l chui rng) c nhiu ht ln v
cng. Nhng hu ht loi chui c bun bn n thiu ht (xem Tri cy khng c
ht) v c thun ha lu i nn c b nhim sc th tam bi. C hai loi chui
c bn: cc dng chui trng ming c mu vng v c n khi chn, cn cc
loi chui nu c nu khi cn mu xanh. Hu ht chui c xut khu thuc v
loi u tin; tuy nhin, ch khong 1015% tng sn lng chui c xut
khu. Hoa K v cc nc trong Lin minh chu u nhp khu chui nhiu nht.
II.

PHN LOI CHUI VIT NAM


Chui c nhiu loi nhng c 3 loi chnh:

III.

Chui tiu( hay cn gi l chui gi).


Chui gong( hay cn gi l chui Ty, chui s, chui Xim).
Chui bom.
C IM C BN CA CHUI
Chui l mt loi qu di, v nhn v hu nh c quanh nm. Chng c trng ch
yu phc v cho m thc, cho vic sn xut si bng, dng trong ngnh cng nghip
1

Thit k n mn hc

IV.

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

dt v ch to giy. Chng ta c th thng thc loi qu ny bng cch n trc tip


khi qu chn, hoc c th ch bin thnh nhiu mn n hp dn khc nhau t chui,
chng hn nh cc loi bnh chui, mn salad hoa qu, bnh nng, cc mn trng
ming
Chui c nhiu mu sc v kch c khc nhau. Khi chn, qu chui c th c mu
vng, mu sm hoc mu ta( hay mu trng quc). C tt c hn 50 loi chui
khc nhau trn th gii. c im chung v hnh dng ca chui l qu chui c gn
kt vi nhau thnh bung, mi bung c chia thnh nhiu ni, v trn mi ni c
khong t 10-20 qu. Chui l mt qu rt tt v c nhiu cng dng, c bit l chui
chn cy. Khi chn, tinh bt chuyn ho thnh ngt nhin, v v th chui chn
thng c v ngt du v thm.
GI TR DINH DNG CA CHUI
Bng 1:Thnh phn ho hc c bn ca qu chui

Nc

ng
kh

Sacharose

Acid hu
c

Tinh
bt

Protit

Acid
amin

Lipid

Tanin

Vitamin
(mg%)

Tro

76,38

14,18

2,35

0,326

3,298

0,92

0,083

1,13

0,068

0,565

0,7

Chui cha mt lng ln protein v hydrat cacbon. Trong chui cn bao gm mt s


loi ng khc nhau nh glucose, lactose, maltose, galatose, sucrose, fructose, tinh
bt. Chui cng rt giu cc loi vitamin nh: Vitamin A,C,E,B2, sinh t R,dng cht
niacin,vitamin b12 v mt s khong cht nh st, canxi, magie, photpho, km,
florua
Ngoi ra cn c acid amin thit yu nh cht tryptophan, lizin, Leucin, glyxin, khong
cht agrinincng c trong thnh phn ca chui.trong mt qu chui c th cha
trung bnh mt lng calo l 100-125 calo. C th ni chui l mt loi qu rt tt cho
sc kho v l mt loi thc phm rt giu nng lng.
1. Cng dng ca chui
Chui c dng nh mt phng thuc cha bnh rt hiu qu. Hn na, do chng
c cha lng ng kh cao nn cng c xem nh mt thc phm giu nng
lng. Vi nhng gi tr dinh dng thit yu, loi hoa qu ny mang li mt s li ch
cho sc kho.
Chui rt tt trong vic ci thin h tiu ho v khi phc chc nng hot ng ca
rut, chui cng gip gim thiu b to bn. Trong trng hp b tiu chy, c th
chng ta s mt mt lng cht in gii quan trng, nu n chui s gip c th khi
phc li cht in gii v trong chui c lng kali cao.
Acid bo c trong chui xanh gip nui dng t bo nim mc d dy. Nhng t bo
ny rt c ch trong vic hp th canxi mt cch hiu qu, rt cn thit cho s pht
trin kho mnh ca h xng.

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

Cht amino acid tryptophan c trong chui s c chuyn ho thnh serotonin, gip
gim thiu triu chng trm cm v ci thin tm trng. Nh vy, chui l mt phng
thc rt tt nhm gim cng thng v tm trng stress.
n chui thng xuyn gip gim nguy c thoi ho iim vng, mt trong nhng
nguyn nhn gy gim th lc ngi cao tui.
Do cha hm lng kali cao v natri thp, nn chui chnh l s la chn thch hp
gim thiu nguy c b huyt p cao v t qu.
Chui cng rt giu hp cht phenolic gip chng lo ho,v th n chui thng
xuyn cn gip ngn nga nguy c ung th thn.
Do hm lng st cao nn chui gip tng thnh phn hemoglobintrong mu v gim
thiu bnh mu.
2. Tnh cht vt l c bn ca chui
Khi lng ring: =977 kg/m3
Nhit dung ring: c=1,0269 kJ/kg.
H s dn nhit:=0,52 W/m.
Kch thc ca qu chui: ng knh 2 -5 cm
Di 8-20 cm
Khi lng: 50-200 gr
m vt liu sy:
m ca chui trc khi em vo sy:1=80%
m ca chui sau khi sy: 2=12%
Nhit sy cho php: t=( 60-90) 0C.

CHNG II: TM HIU V VN SY


I.

NH NGHA
Sy l qu trnh tch m ra khi vt liu nhm trnh h hng trong qu trnh bo qun,
tng bn cho sn phm.Di thi i cng nghip, sy c xem l mt qu trnh
cng ngh c ng dng rng ri trong ngnh cng nghip, nng nghip.
3

Thit k n mn hc
II.

III.

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

MC CH
Gim trng lng
Gim chi ph chuyn ch v ng thi n cng lm tng gi tr cm quan cho sn
phm.
Vi sinh vt( vi khun, nm mc v nm men) cn nc trong thc phm pht trin.
Sy hiu qu ngn cn chng sng st trong thc phm.
Loi b phn nc t do trong sn phm, lm gim hot ca nc a w , lm chm
bt qu trnh sinh hc => bo qun sn phm thc phm.
CHN PHNG N SY
H thng sy (HTS) i lu gm cc dng: HTS bung, HTS hm, HTS thp, HTS
thng quay, HTS kh ng, HTS tng si, HTS phun.
1. HTS bung
Nng sut thng nh, Vt liu sy (VLS) c t c nh trn qu trnh sy hoc xe
gong nn c nh trong sut qu trnh sy. Do qu trnh sy khng c ng u.
khc phc th ngi ta b tr cch a tc nhn sy(TNS) theo ng dch dc to nn
s ng u cho sn phm sy. H thng ny ch ph hp cc vt liu sy m ta kh lm
cho n b xo trn c trong qu trnh sy, l nhng VLS; tm g, gch, ngi.
Trong khi thc rt d xo trn nn khng dng thit b ny.
2. HTS hm
C nng sut ln hn HTS bung, qu trnh sy(QTS) khng theo chu k nh HTS
bung m lien tc. Nhng HTS ny vn c nhc im ging HTS bung l khng dng
sy thc.
3. HTS phun
Ch dng sy cc dung dch huyn ph nn khng dng sy thc.
4. HTS thp
C th sy lien tc vi nng sut cao, rt ph hp cho sy ht.VLS chy lien tc t
trn xung di tc dng ca trng lc bn than. Do qu trnh sy VLS c xo trn
u cng TNS nn sn phm sy ng u. Hn na, vic phn vng TNS nng- lnh
cng d dng nn p dng c hiu ng A.V.Luikov.
5. HTS thng quay
Cng nh HTS thp, HTS ny rt ph hp sy ht, VLS cxo trn nh cnh xa
trn khi thng quay. TNS vo u ny v ra khi u kia ca thng sy. Do QTS c
lien tc. HTS ny c u im xo trn ng u hn nhiu so vi HTS thp do c cnh
xo trn c dn ng nh ng c quay. Nhng cng iu ny m n ch c hiu qu
khi sy vi nng sut trung bnh cn khi sy vi nng sut ln th vic dn ng cho
thng quay cng i hi tn km v phc tp.
6. HTS tng si
4

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

Ngay tn gi ca HTS tng si ta hnh dung c VLS lun xo trn trong qu


trnh sy. VLS ph hp vn l dng ht, di tc dng ca TNS vi thng s thch hp
VLS lun bng bnh. QTS lin tc do ht kh nh s phn trn ca lp sily ra khi
TBS. Trong HTS tng si, truyn nhit v m gia TNS v VLS l rt tt nn trong cc
HTS ht hin c th sy tng si c nng sut ln, thi gian sy nhanh v VLS c rt
u.
Nh vy: 3 HTS thp- thng quay- tng si u ph hp cho sy thc. Nhng xt v
chi ph u t v cht lng sn phm th sy thp ph hp hn c cho sy thc. HTS
ny c chi ph thp hn c, vic xo trn VLS l do chnh trng lc ca n gy ra,
khng cn phi tc ng bn ngoi nh:
Quay: HTS thng quay cn c ng c lm quay thngtn cng sut cho ng
c.
Bng bnh: HTS tng si, TNS phi c p lc nht nh th mi thi lp VLS thnh
mng bng bnh.
V hn c l VLS vn m bo yu cu, m tng i ng u. cn nu sn phm
sy i hi yu cu cao hn th vic chn HTS thng quay v tng si l rt ph hp.
7. Nguyn tc sy
a s my sy trc tip hoc i lu khng kh nng c s dng cung cp nhit
cho s bc hi v mang i hi m bc ra t sn phm.trng hp ngoi l ng ch l
my sy chn khng hu nh ch c s dng d sy kh sn phm nhy cm bi nhit
nhng sy chn khng t hn my sy hot ng gn p sut kh quyn. Trong trng
hp nht nh, chng hn nh trong sy cc loi thc phm nho, mt s hoc tt c
nhit c cung cp gin tip.
V.
1.

2.

U IM V NHC IM CA QU TRNH SY
u im
Hm lng nc cn li trong sn phm cn rt t (2-4%).
Khng lm thay i tnh cht t nhin ca sn phm.
Bo qun thc phm sy kh lu.
ng dng rng ri, r tin.
Qu trnh sy din ra nhanh.
C th iu khin c t trng sn phm.
Thit b c nng sut cao, lm vic lin tc v c th t ng ha hon ton.
Vt liu hu nh khng tip xc b mt kim loi ca thit b trong qu sy nn trnh n
mn.
Bt sau khi sy c ha tan cao (90- 100%), m thp (3- 4%).
Vn hnh v bo dng n gin.
Khuyt im
Yu cu k thut ch to my, cng ngh sy khc khe
K thut ng gi phi m bo mi trng ng gi c m thp(<30%) v nhit
thp(<200C).
Bao b phi dng PE, bao lp nhm v c cha nit.
5

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

CHNG III: TNG QUAN V PHNG PHP SY CHUI

I.

BN CHT CA QU TRNH SY
Sy l s bc hi nc ca sn phm bng nhit nhit thch hp, l qu trnh
khuch tn do chnh lch m b mt v bn trong vt liu, hay ni cch khc l do
chnh lch p sut hi ring phn b mt vt liu v mi trng xung quanh.

II.

PHN LOI QU TRNH SY


Ngi ta phn bit ra 2 loi:
Sy t nhin: nh tc nhn chnh l nng v gi Phng php ny thi gian sy di,
tn din tch sn phi, kh iu chnh v m cui cng ca vt liu cn kh ln,
ph thuc vo iu kin thi tit kh hu.

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

Sy nhn to: qu trnh cn cung cp nhit, ngha l phi dng n tc nhn sy nh


khi l, khng kh nng, hi qu nhit v n c ht ra khi thit b khi sy xong.
Qu trnh sy nhanh, d iu khin v trit hn sy t nhin.
Phn loi theo tnh cht x l vt liu m qua bung sy:
Sy m: vt liu ng yn hoc chuyn ng qua bung sy nhiu ln, n khi hon tt
s c tho ra.
Sy lin tc: vt liu c cung cp lin tc v s chuyn ng ca vt liu m qua
bung sy cng xy ra lin tc.
Phn loi theo s chuyn ng tng i gia dng kh v vt liu m:

III.

Loi thi qua b mt.


Loi thi xuyn vung gc vi vt liu.
NHN T NH HNG N QU TRNH SY
Trong qu trnh sy chui qu xy ra mt lot bin i sinh ho, ho l, cu trc c hc
v cc bin i bt li khc, lm nh hng ti cht lng sn phm. Nhng bin i
c hc bao gm s bin dng, nt, cong queo, bin i xp s thay i h keo do
pha rn( protein, tinh bt, ng)b bin tnh thuc v nhng bin i ho l. Nhng
bin i sinh ho trong qu trnh sy l nhng phn ng to thnh melanoidin,
caramen, nhng phn ng oxy ho v polymer ho cc hp cht polyphenol, phn hu
vitamin v cc bin i mu.
Hm lng vitamin trong chui qu sy thng thp hn trong chui qu ti v
chng b ph hu mt phn trong qu trnh sy v x l trc khi sy. Trong cc
vitamin th acid ascorbic v carotene b tn thng l do qu trnh oxy ho. Riboflavin
nhy cm vi nh sng cn thiamin b ph hu bi nhit v s sulfit ho.
trnh hoc lm chm cc bin i khng thun nghch y, cng nh to iu kin
m thot ra khi chui qu mt cch dng, cn c ch sy thch hp cho tng
loi sn phm.
Nhit sy: nhit sy cng cao th tc sy cng nhanh, qu trnh cng c hiu
qu cao. Nhng khng th s dng nhit sy cao cho loi chui qu v chui qu l
sn phm chu nhit km. Trong mi trng m, nu nhit cao hn 60 0C th protein
b bin tnh, trn 900C th fructose bt u b caramen ho, cc phn ng to ra
melanoidin, polymer ho cc hp cht cao phn t xy ra mnh. Cn nhit cao
hn na, chui qu c th b chy.v vy, sy chui qu thng dng ch sy n
ho, nhit sy khng qu cao.
Ngoi ra, m tng i c chui, m cn bng nh hng trc tip n qu
trnh sy.
IV.

CNG NGH SY CHUI


1. chn ca chui nguyn liu
Chui khi thu hi phi gi ngha l c th t chin. Tuy nhin chui t chin th
chui chn chm v khng ng lot. Dm d l cch chui chn u v nhanh.
7

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

chn ca chui nguyn liu l mt yu t quyt nh n cht lng chui sy. C


nhiu cch xc nh chn, trong cch xc nh theo mu v l ph bin nht. Trong
ch bin hoc n trng ming chui thng c dng theo 3 chin sau y:
V vng hai u xanh, vn ngt m , hi chat, hi cng, cha tht thm, v cn
chc, chui c hm lng ng acid cc i, cn c tinh bt v tannin.
V vng, hon ton v ngt, cht gim, thm, d bc v. ng v acid bt u
gim, tinh bt v tannin c t.
V vng, c mu chm nu, v ngt, khng cht, mm v d gy. ng acid hu c
gim, tinh bt hu nh khng cn, tannin c rt thp.
2. H tr vic ra bt chui bng ho cht
Trn b mt chui c mt lp bt bao quanh nu khng c loi b s lm chui c
mu trng loang l v x x. loi b lp bt ny ngi ta xoa chui bng tay trong
chu nc c cha khong 3kg chui/3 lt nc, mi m cn 2-3 pht. Vic la chn ho
cht ra nhm 2 mc ch:
Gim thi gian thao tc.
Ci thin mu sn phm.
Ho cht c chn phi r, khng c, khng gy mi v cho sn phm, khng nh
hng ti ngi thao tc v dng c, lm bong nhanh lp bt,c tnh kh. Thng thng
chn mt s ho cht ph bn sau: hn hp dung dch( NaHSO 3 v HCl) v hn hp
dung dch( NaHSO3 v Al2(SO4)3) T hp dung dch hiu qu nht l (HCl 0,05% v
Al2(SO4)3 0,5%). HCl nng trn khng lm nh hng xu n ngi sn xut v
phng tin bo h lao ng, d mua, d x l, chi ph thp. C tc dng thay i mi
trng cc phn ng sinh ho khng c li v st trng nh. Phn chua nng trn
cng c tc dng st trng nh, tng cng b mt cu trc cho chui, khng gy v cht,
gi r, d s dng.
3. Hiu qu dit khun ca tia cc tm
Sau khi sy kh chui c lm ngui v phc hi trng thi do ht m tr li c
mm do nht nh( do sy n m di 20%) ri mi ng gi. Thi gian ny t vi
gi n vi ngy. Trong mi trng kh quyn thng thng v khng thc hin nghim
chnh v sinh cng nghip, sn phm d b nhim vi sinh vt. Nhiu c s s dng n
tia cc tm dit khun coi l bin php an ton cn thit cho v sinh thc phm.
4. Xc nh m cn bng ca chui sy
m cn bng ca chui sy l hm lng nc ca n trong mi trng xc nh (t
v xc nh ca khng kh) m khng xy ra qu trnh nh nc( bc hi) hay ht
m( hp th) gia n v mi trng.
Chui sau khi sy n m di m cn bng thng l 15-20% sau vi gi n
vi ngy ngoi khng kh s tng hm lng m ti m cn bng. Xc nh m
8

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

cn bng ca chui sy nhm chn m c li khi kt thc sy v ra cch x l, ng


gi, bo qun ph hp.
Mun bo qun chui sy tt cn gi m ca n di 25% tt nht l 20-22%. Do
vy sau khi sy kh nn qut ngui v la chn ng gi ngay, khng nn ngoi
khng kh lu s lm cho m ca chui sy thp hn m cn bng. Nu cha la
chn bao gi ngay th tr trong bao kn ni thong mt hm sau x l.Bao b cn
lm t vt liu chng khng kh m i qua v dn kn.
5. Cc ch tiu cht lng ca chui sy xut khu
5.1 Ch tiu cm quan
Trng thi: mm do, n hi, khng c quch, chc cng sng.
Mu sc: t nu n vng, tng i ng u trong mt ti, khng c thm en,
nu xn, nu , khng c loang l.
Mi v: v ngt v mi v c trng cho chui sy, khng c cht hay chua do ln
men.
5.2 Ch tiu ho l
Kch thc: loi nguyn qu di khng qu 7 cm.
m: 20-25%.
5.3 Ch tiu vi sinh vt- cn trng
Lng vi sinh vt tnh bng s t bo/ g sn phm
V.

CNG NGH SY CHUI QU


Ta la chn cng ngh sy l cng ngh sy t v ph hp vi tnh cht ca vt liu
sy v yu cu v nng sut khng qu ln nn la chn cng ngh sy t l hp l v v
yu cu cng ngh v hiu qu kinh t, vi tc nhn sy l khng kh c gia nhit nh
i qua Calorifer dng kh- hi khng kh c nhit vo khong 80-95 0C, c thi
cng bc vo t sy. Vn tc ca dng khng kh nng ph thuc vo lng m thot ra
trong mt n v thi gian.
Yu cu i vi chui nguyn liu: chui qu pht trin y , ti tt, nguyn vn,
sch s. V chui mng, d bc, c mu t vng ton tri n vng c chm nu. Rut
chn mm nhng cha nh, hng thm, v ngt, khng cht.

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

Hnh III. Sn phm chui sy

VI.

QUY TRNH CNG NGH SY CHUI


Chui nguyn liu

Phn loi

Bc v
Ra ho cht (ln 1)
Ct lt

10

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

Ra ln 2
Sy
Phn loi
X l n, tia t ngoi (nu c)
ng gi
Bo qun
Sn phm

Thuyt minh quy trnh


Chui nguyn liu em ra sch, bc v, ct u ri ra li v lao nh lm sch cc
lp trong v qu cn dnh li v lp ngoi rut qu. Sau em x l ho cht nh ngm
vo dung dch Canxi Clorua(2-4%), natri cacbonat(5%) nhng hiu qu nht l sunfit ho
bng phng php kh hoc bng phng php t. Khi sunfit ho ngi ta nhng rut
chui vo dung dch c hm lng SO 2 t do l( 0,2-1%) trong (5-20 pht). Sau khi x l
bng ho cht chui c cho vo my ct lt ri xp vo cc khay tre hoc nhm v a
vo thit b sy hm.Sy nhit 80-95 0C cho n khi m ca chui gim xung
cn 10-12%. Sau khi sy xong, cn tin hnh phn loi loi b nhng c th khng t
cht lng( do chy hoc cha t m yu cu). Dng vt liu thng dng bo
qun rau qu kh l giy carton v cht do( PE,PVC, xenlophan.). Bao giy v hp
carton c c tnh nh,r, c th ti sinh, nhng hi thm kh, khng u di tc dng
ca nc v c hc. Bao ti cht do c c tnh trong sut, n hi, d dng kn bng

11

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

nhit, chi ph thp nhng c mt s b thm nc, thm kh(PE), chu nhit km (PVC,
PET).
Bao ti cht do dng bo qun hoa qu kh c th ch gm mt mng cht do
hoc kt hp nhiu mng.

CHNG IV: S CNG NGH V THUYT MINH S


I.

S CNG NGH

12

Thit k n mn hc

Khng kh
ngoi tri
Calorifer
t=250C
=80%

Li
lc
bi

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

t=800C
t=980C
H0=0,0025
Khng kh t nhin
Vt liu kh t=36,50C
Hi=0,01605
ng thot h
=12%

Sy

Qut

Vt liu m
t=250C
=80%

II.

THUYT MINH S CNG NGH


Nguyn liu chui trc khi em vo sy c nhit l 25 0C v m tng i l
80%.
Khng kh ngoi tri c nhit 250C v m tng i l 80% s c qut sy ht
vo qua tm li lc bi c tc dng lm sch khng kh sy, tip khng kh c dn
n calorifer gia nhit khng kh ln 980C.
Calorifer l thit b gia nhit dng ng chm c cnh gip tng din tch tip xc
qu trnh lm nng khng kh c hiu qu, thit b ny th bn trong ng truyn nhit l
nc nng c nhit 1050C khi khng kh i qua cc ng s c gia nhit ln 98 0C v
m tuyt i ca khng kh lc ny l 0,01605kg m/ kg khng kh kh.
Ta b tr thm mt ng dn khng kh t nhin ngoi mi trng vo gip n nh
nhit sy trnh qua calorifer ri nhit tng qu cao lm chy chui, khi khng
kh ra khi t sy l 800C v m tuyt i l 0,0025kg m/ kg khng kh kh. Sau qu

13

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

trnh sy th ta thu c sn phm c nhit l 36,5 0C v m tng i ca sn phm


l 12%.

CHNG V: TNH TON THIT B CHNH CA THIT B


T SY
I.

TNH THI GIAN SY


Tnh ton trn Mathcad c:
m ban u ca chui: x0=80%
m cui: x=12%
m cn bng: xs=10%
m ti thi im t( tnh theo cn bn kh):

x
12

100 x 100 - 12

X=
=0,136
m ban u( theo cn bn kh):
x0
80

100 x0 100 - 80

X0 =
=4
m cn bng( theo cn bn kh):
xs
10

100 x s 100 - 10

X=
=0,111
Chiu dy ca vt liu: L=0.0025m
H s khuch tn m: Dff=2,1.10-10
T cng thc tnh ton:
2
2
( 2 n 1) . . Dff . 2
X Xs
8 100
1
4L

.
.e
X 0 X s 2 n 1 ( 2n 1) 2

Ta c thi gian sy l: 16,173 gi


II.

CN BNG VT CHT V NNG LNG CHO THIT B SY:


1. Cn bng vt cht
Nc bay hi W

Nhp liu F,xF

Sn phm P,xP
Thit b t sy

14

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

Cn bng vt cht cho tin trnh


Chn cn bn tnh l 1 gi
Cn bng vt cht theo cu t cht kh :
F.xF=P.xP(1)
Vi:

F = 500kg /m =30,9157kg/ m/h


xF = 1 0,8 = 0,2 cht kh
xp = 1 0,12 = 0,88 cht kh

T (1) suy ra c:

P=

F .x F 500.0,2

xP
0,88

113,64

16,173

=113,64 (kg/m)=

7,063kg/m/h

Cn bng v t cht tng qut:


F = W + P (2)
T (2) tnh c lng nc bay hi l:
386,36

16,173

W = F P =500-113,64=386,36 (kg/m)=

23,8894kg/m/h

2. Cn bng nng lng


Cn bng nng lng cho h thng c th hin hnh v sau:

15

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

Ethalpy bay hi, Eevp


Ethalpy sn phm, EP

Tn tht nng lng, Eloss

Thit b t sy
Ethalpy khng kh ra, Eaout

Ethalpy nhp liu, EF

Ethalpy khng kh vo,


Eain
Phng trnh cn bng nng lng cho h thng:
EF + Eain = EP + Eaout + Eloss + Eevp
Enthalpy ca nhp liu:
EF=F. CF.TF
Trong :
CF: Nhit dung ring ca nhp liuti nhit TF(kJ/kgoC)
TF: Nhit nhp liu(oC)
F: Nng sut nhp liu (kg/h)
Ta c:F = 30,9157 kg/gi v TF = 25oC
Ta c thnh phn ca chuisau khi c c trc khi em vo thit b sy:
Carbohydrate

Nc

20%

80%

Tra nhit dung ring TF=250C, c: CF=3,661(kJ/kg0C)


(http://rpaulsingh.com/problems/what_if/specheat.html)
Enthalpy ca nhp liu:
EF = F.CF.TF= 30,9157.3,661.25= 2829,5594
Enthalpy ca sn phm
16

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

Ep = P.Cp.Tp
Cp:

Nhit dung ring ca sn phm ti nhit Tp (kJ/kgoC)

Tp:
Nhit sn phm ra khi thit b (oC) bng nhit bu t ti nhit
khng kh ra khi thit b (Taout) v m tuyt i ca khng kh ra khi thit b(Ho)
Thnh phn sn phm chui sau khi sy:
Carbohydrate

Nc

98%

2%

Chn nhit khng kh ra khi thit b :


Taout = 800C
Gi s chn m tuyt i ca khng kh ra khi thit b:
H0 = 0,0225 kgH20/kgKKK
(Tra ging khng kh m vi Taout = 800C v H0 = 0,0225 kgH20/kgKKK)
Ta c: TP = 36,50C
Nhit dung ring ca sn phm: CP = 1,921 (kJ/kgoC)
(http://rpaulsingh.com/problems/what_if/specheat.html)
Enthalpy ca sn phm:
Ep = P.Cp.Tp = 7,0263.1,921.36,5= 429,6596
Enthalpy khng kh vo:
Ea

= Ca . Ma . T a

Ca = 1,005 + 1,88.H
i

Hi :
m tuyt i ca khng kh vo my sy c xc nh bng cch tra dn
vi nhit khng kh ngoi tri v m khng kh tng ng (kgH 2O/kg
Khng kh kh).
M a

Khi lng kh vo my sy (kg/h)

T a

Nhit khng kh vo my sy (oC)

Nhit khng kh ngoi tri: 250C


m khng kh tng ng: 80%
m tuyt i ca khng kh vo my sy:
17

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

Hi = 0,01605(kgH2O/kg khng kh kh)


(Tra dn vi nhit khng kh ngoi tri l 25oC v m khng kh tng ng l
80%).
Tain = 980C
Ca = 1,005 + 1,88.H = 1,005 + 1,88.0,01605 = 1,0352(kJ/kgoC)
i
Ea

= C a . M a . T a = 1,0352.Main.98 = 101,4496.Main

Enthalpy khng kh ra khi my sy


Eout
a

out
out
out
= Ca . Ma . T a

C out
a

= 1,005 + 1,88.Ho

Ho m tuyt i ca khng kh ra khi thit b sy (kgH2O/kg Khng kh kh)


M out
a
T out
a
out

Khi lng kh ra khi my sy (kg/h)


out
Nhit khng kh ra khi my sy (oC), T a =800C

Ca

= 1,005 + 1,88.Ho = 1,0473(kJ/kgoC)

Eout
a

out
= 83,784. M a

Enthalpy ca bc hi
Eevp = .W
: n nhit bc hi ca m
= 2287,4 (kJ/kg)
(Tra bng I.1250 trang 313 s tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 1 Tra bng
ti nhit trung bnh khng kh vo v ra l 890C)
W:

m thot ra khi vt liu (kg/min)

Eevp = .W = 2287,4.23,8894= 54644,614


Tn tht nng lng
Tn tht do mt mt nng lng c th gi l 25%, Trong tnh ton gi s

M a

M out
a

Eloss = 0,25.(Eain - Eaout) =0,25.(101,4496-84,16).Main=4,4164. M a

18

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

Phng trnh cn bng nng lng vi gi thuyt Ho v vi gi thuyt Main = Maout


EF + Eain = EP + Eaout +Eevp+ Eloss
EF + Eain= EP + Eaout + Eevp+ 0,25.(Eain - Eaout)
out
2829,5594+101,4496.Main=429,6596+83,784. M a + 54644,614 +4,4164.Main
out
Main = M a = 3943,2354(kg/gi)

Kim tra li gi thuyt Ho( s dng ban u)


Da trn nguyn tc cn bng vt cht:

out
Ho. M a = M a .Hi + W

out
(do M a = M a )

Ta c

Ho =

M a . H i+W
M a

3943,2354.0,01605 23,8894
3943,2354

= 0,0221

Th li kt qu so vi H0 gi s ta c:
0,0225 0,0221
0,0221

= 0,01772<5%
Nh vy ta nhn H0 = 0,0225 t gi thuyt.
T tnh ton trn cui cng ta s c c
Lng khng kh vo my sy:
Main=

M a

.Hi + M a =3943,2354.0,01605 +3943,2354 =4006,5243(kg/h)

Lng khng kh kh ra khi my sy:

Maout = M a .Ho + M a =3943,2354.0,0225+ 3943,2354= 4031,9582(kg/h)

Th tch khng kh vo:


Qin = Main.Vin
T:
T = 98oC
Hi = 0,01605

Vin =1,0751 (m3/kg) (tra gin khng kh m)

Qin = 3943,2354.1,0751=4239,3724(m3/gi)
19

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

Th tch khng kh ra:


Qout =Main.Vout
T: T = 80oC
Ho = 0,0225

Vout = 1,0361(m3/kg) (Tra gin khng kh m)

Qout = 3943,2354.1,0361 = 4085,5862(m3/gi)


III. XC NH KCH THC BUNG SY
1. Tnh ton thit b vn chuyn chui
S dng xe gong c cc tham s sau:
Chiu cao, chiu di, chiu rng:1200x1800x1300mm
Khay chui l khay li: 850x600x5mm
Khong cch gia cc khay l 10cm
1.1 Xc nh s lng chui trn khay
Mi tra chui em vo sy c khi lng tnh l:120 gram
S tri chui em vo sy l 500/(120.10-3)=4167 tri chui
Mi ming chui c di trung bnh l:10cm, chiu rng:3cm
Mi ming chui c xp cch nhau 1cm
Nu xp theo chiu rng ca khay th c:14 ming
Tng t nu xp theo chiu di khay th c: 8 ming
Vy mt khay s xp c 14 ming chui theo chiu rng v 8 ming chui theo chiu
di khay. Tc, s ming chui trong 1 khay l: 14.8=112ming.
1.2 Xc nh s xe gong
B tr s khay trn xe gongsao cho 1 xe cha c 2 khay theo chiu di xe v 2khay
theo chiu rng xe.
Nh ta chn kch thc ca xe gong nh trn v chiu dy mi khay l 5mm v
khong cch gia cc khay l 10cm th s khay xp c trn 1 xe gong theo chiu cao xe
l 10 khay. Vy s khay trn mt xe gong l: 2.2.10=40 khay.
S ming xp trn mt xe: 112.40=4480 ming
Gi s 1 tri chui c chiu dy l 3cm, mi ming chui c dy l 5mm mi tri
sau khi ct lt c 6 mingtng s ming chui em sy= 4167.6=25000 ming.
25000
6 xe
4480

S xe gong cn dng sy ht s chui trn l:

20

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

Theo nh kch thc t sy chn th t ch cha c 1 xe gong nn mun sy ht


500kg chui th phi sy 6 ln.
2. Xc nh kch thc t sy
Chiu cao ca t sy: h=2,2m.
Chiu di ca t sy: L=2,3m.
Chiu rng ca t sy: R=1,5m.
Tt c vt liu thit k nn t sy u c chn lm bng thp.
T sy c thit k c v t v khong cch t v t n khong gian sy l 20 mm.

CHNG VI. TNH TON CC THIT B PH TNH TON CC THIT


B TRAO NHIT C CNH
( Theo phng php Kern)
I.

CC THNG S PHI C
Ti:
T=250C, Hi=0,01605 (kgH2O/kg khng kh kh)

VKK=0,8665 (m3/kg) (Tra gin khng kh m)


Khi lng ring ca khng kh vo caloriphere:
21

Thit k n mn hc

kk =

1
Vkk

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

1
0,8665

=1,1541 (kg/m3)

Lng khng kh vo my sy:


M = Main =3943,2354(kg/h)
Lu lng kh thi qua thit b:

Wk =

M
kk

3943,2354
3416,72
1,1541

(m3/h)

Nhit khng kh trc khi vo caloriphere: Tairin =25oC


Nhit khng kh sau khi ra khi caloriphere: Tairout =98oC
Nhit trung bnh ca khng kh:

Tavg =

in
out
Tair
Tair
2

25 98
61,5
2

Nhit dung ring trung bnh ca khng kh: Cair =1,005776 (kJ/kgoC)
(Tra bng I.179, trang 204 s tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 1 ti nhit
trung bnh 61,5oC)
Nhit lng cn cung cp:
Qair = M. Cair.( Tairout Tairin) =3943,2354.1,005766.(98-25)=289515,963(kJ/h)
=80,4211(kJ/s)
II.

TNH TON LNG HI T CN THIT


Chn nhi t ca hi nc l105oC:
Tsteam =105oC
n nhit ngng t ca hi nc:
R = 2248 (kJ/kg)
( Tra bng I.250 trang 313 s tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 1 Tra bng
ti nhit 1050C)

Dsteam =
III.

Qair
R.3600

289515,963
2248.3600

= 0,03578(kg/s)

CHN CC THNG S CN THIT CA QU TRNH TRUYN NHIT C


CNH
22

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

ng knh ngoi ca ng truyn nhit:


Dn = 0,026 (m)
(Chn theo ng ng tiu chun).
ng knh trong ca ng truyn nhit:
Dt = 0,02286 (m)
(Tra bng dng ng truyn nhit tiu chun).
ng knh ngoi ca cnh:
Dnc = 0,0441 (m)
(Chn theo ng tiu chun cnh truyn nhit).
H s dn nhit ca ng truyn nhit:
K = 385 (W/m2oC)
(Tra bng I.123, trang 125 chn ng bng ng - S tay cc qu trnh thit b v ha cht,
tp 1).
S cnh trn 1m chiu di:
So = 346 (cnh/m)
IV.

(Chn theo s tay)

TNH TON CC NHIT TRUNG BNH


Ti = Tsteam Tairin = 105-25 =80oC
Tf = Tsteam Tairout =105-98 =7oC
Tair = Tsteam Tairout =105-98 =7oC
Nhit trung bnh logarit l:
Ti T f
T
ln( i )
T f

LMT =
V.

80 7
80
ln( )
7

= 29,96570C

TNH NG KNH TNG NG


Din tch cnh:

Af =

.(D2nc D2n).2.S0 =

.(0,04412 - 0,0262).2. 346 = 0,6896 (m2)

Din tch ngoi ng:


Ao = (Dn) (Dn.Lc.So) = . 0,026 - . 0,026. 0,0003. 346 = 0,0732 (m2)
Chu vi ct ngang:
23

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

Cv = 2.( Dnc Dn).So + 2.Dn So.Lc


= 2.( 0,0441 - 0,026). 346 + 2. 0,026 346. 0,0003 = 12,4734 (m)
ng knh tng ng:
A f A0

D0 = 2.
VI.

.C v

= 2.

0,6896 0,0732
.12,4734

= 0,0389 (m)

DIN TCH CT NGANG KHNG KH C TH THI QUA


Chiu di v ng: Lv=2m
Chiu rng v ng: Rv=1,4m
Bc ng chun: Bo=0,525
S ng trn mt v ng:
n

Rv
1,4

27
B0 0,525

(ng/v)

Din tch ct ngang:(m2)


As Rv .Lv n.Dn .Lv 2.n.Lc .

Dnc Dn
1,3957
2

Vn tc kh thi qua v ng:


U

VII.

W k
3416,72

0,68
As .3600 1,3957.3600

(m/s)
TRA BNG TM CC THNG SCA KHNG KH TI NHIT TRUNG
BNH (Tavg = 61,5oC):
2034,625.10 8

nht khng kh: air =


(Pa.s)
o
(Tra bng I.114 trang 118 ti 61,5 C, S tay qu trnh v thit b tp 1).
Nhit dung ring ca khng kh: Cairavg = 1,005776(kJ/kgoC)
(Tra bng I.179 trang 205 ti nhit trung bnh 61,5oC,S tay qu trnh v thit b tp
1)
H s dn nhit ca khng kh: Kair= 282,4188.10-4 (W/moC)
(Tra bng I.137 trang 149 ti 61,50C, S tay qu trnh v thit b tp 1).
Khi lng ring ca khng kh: air= 1,05535 (kg/m3)
(Tra bng ph lc 4_thng s vt l ca khng kh kh trang 536 ti nhit trung bnh
61,5oC, sch Truyn nhit & Tnh ton thit b trao i nhit, Hong nh Tn.)
Vi ch s Reynold:
Re

D0 .U . air
1,05535
0,0389.0,7556.
1372
air
2034,625.10 8

24

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

Jf =3,9(Tra gin )
Tnh Tem:

Tem C airavg . air
K

1
3

2034,625.10 8

1,005766.
385

1
3

3,7599.10 3

Chn Qs = 1:
K
h f Qs .J f . air
D0

282,4188.10 4
.Tem 1.3,9.
0,0389

.3,7599.10 3 0,01065

VIII. TNH TON CHO HI TRONG NG


Din tch mt ct ngang ca ng:
Ai .

Dt
0,02286 2
.
4,1043.10 4
4
4

(m2)

Din tch mt ct ngang ca mt v ng:


A= Ai.n = 4,1043.10-4 . 27 = 0,0111 ( m2)
Lng hi qua mt n v din tch trong mt n v thi gian:
U steam

Dsteam 0,03578

3,2234
A
0,0111

(kg/m2.s)
Tra th ta tm c: hi =
Ta c:
re

Dnc 0,0441

0,02205
2
2

rb

Dn 0,026

0,013
2
2

yb

Lc 0,0003

1,5.10 4
2
2

hf
Tem 1 re rb .

K . yb

0, 5

3815,6

0,01092
0,02205 0,013.
4
385.1,5.10

25

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh
3,9354.10 3

=
Tem 2

re 0,02205

1,6962
rb
0,013

Tra bng km theo ta tm c: = 1


Tnh hfi:
hf

h fi . A f A0 .
A
i
1.0,6896 0,0732 .

0,01065
19,7934
4,1043.10 4

H s truyn nhit:
U0

h fi .hi
h fi hi

19,7934.3815,6
19,6912
19,7934 3815,6

(W/m2oC)
IX.

S V NG
B mt truyn nhit:
A2

Qair
80421,1

136,3
U 0 .LMT 19,6912.29,9657

(m2)

Din tch bn trong ng:


Ain = .Dt.Lv. n = . 0,02286.2.27 = 3,878(m2)
S v ng cn thit:
Vi

A2 136,3

35
Ain 3,878

26

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

KT LUN
Trong sut thi gian thc hin n v ti THIT K H THNG T SY
CHUI VI NNG SUT 500KG/M em xin chn thnh cm n cc Thy C
hng dn v ch bo em mt cch tn tnh v em mun c bit gi li cm n ny n
Thy V Tn Thnh l ngi hng dn ti n ln ny tn tnh gip cho em
v nhng iu thc mc,a ra hng i c th cho ti ny v cung cp tht nhiu
kin thc cng nh l cc trang ti liu em c th hnh tng ra th no l sy hm.
V em cng mun gi li cm n n cc bn cng lm chung ti sy v nhng bn
cng lp lun h tr em cng nhau trao i v nhng iu vng mc, tho lun v
cch trnh by cng nh l nhng sai st nh m em mc phi.
Qua ti n ln ny gip em hiu thm v quy trnh cng ngh, nguyn tc
hot ng v s cu to ca thit b sy hm cng nh l quy trnh lm chui sy, c
tnh v gi tr dinh dng ca chui. Do kin thc cn nhiu hn ch v l hng nn
trong ti ny c rt nhiu sai st nhng nh s gip ca Thy em c gng hon
thnh n mt cch tt nht c th. i vi em nhng kinh nghim m Thy C truyn t
cho em tht nhiu kin thc sau ny c th gip ch cho em sau khi ra trng. Em
xin chn thnh cm n Thy C!

27

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht. Tp 1,2 Nh xut bn khoa hc k


thut.
2. PGS.TS. Nguyn Th K thut sn xut c ph.Vietnam OpenCourseWare's Lens.
3. Hong nh Tn Tnh ton v thit k thit b truyn nhit.
4. CYT Soft Psychrometric Chart.
5. http://sites.google.com/site/votanthanhsite/giang-day/huong-dan-do-an-mon-hoc.
6. http://community.h2vn.com/index.php?topic=771.0
7. Gio n K thut sy nng sn thc phm:
fdlserver.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/kythuatsaynongsan.pd
8. Community.h2vn.com - Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao
9. Gio trnh K thut nhit ca PGS. TS Bi Hi PGS TS Trn Th Sn, Nh xut bn
Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni 2007.

28

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

MT S BNG NH KM

29

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

30

Thit k n mn hc

PGs.Ts V Tn Thnh

31

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