(Tài liệu ôn thi TestAS) Core Test Sample Questions

Vietnamese German University
Sample Questions for the Core Test
-1-
The TestAS, a scholastic aptitude test developed and executed by ITB Consulting GmbH and
TestDaF Institute in Germany, is being used as VGU Entrance Exam. VGU is responsible for
the following translation of sample questions into Vietnamese. This translation is meant for
internal use by VGU applicants.
Bi kim tra TestAS, mt bi kim tra kh nng hc tp c pht trin v thc hin bi
Cng ty TNHH C Vn ITB v Vin TestDaF, CHLB c, c s dng lm Bi Thi Tuyn
Sinh ca VGU. VGU chu trch nhim i vi bn dch kim tra mu di y sang ting
Vit. Bn dch ny ch c s dng ni b cho th sinh d tuyn vo VGU.

Cu hi mu bi kim tra kin thc c bn
Subtest Solving Quantitative Problems
Phn kim tra Gii quyt cc vn v s lng
The subtest "Solving Quantitative Problems" provides practical problems to be solved by using basic
arithmetic operations. This test measures mathematical thought and the ability to solve basic
mathematical problems. The level of the arithmetic operations to be performed is elementary.
Trong phn ny, th sinh phi s dng nhng php tnh i s c bn gii quyt nhng vn
thc t. Phn ny nhm kim tra t duy ton hc v kh nng s dng nhng php tnh n gin.
Mc kh ca phn ny tng ng s cp.
Instructions:
Working time: 45 minutes
Here you will find some problems which you have to solve.
Example: A student works in a factory during the holidays. He is paid a wage of 10 Euro an hour. He
works 8 hours a day and 5 days a week. How much has he earned after four weeks of work?
(A) 800 Euro
(B) 1 200 Euro
(C) 1 600 Euro
(D) 2 000 Euro
Answer: (C) 1 600 Euro.
How to reach the solution: The student earns 10 Euro an hour x 8 hours a day = 80 Euro a day x 5 days
a week = 400 Euro per week x 4 weeks = 1,600 Euro.
Please mark the correct solution (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
ITB Consulting GmbH and Gesellschaft fr Akademische Studienvorbereitung und Testentwicklung e.V. (g.a.s.t. =
Society for Academic Study Preparation and Test Development, a Registered Association).
VGU is responsible for this translation into Vietnamese.
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Hng dn:
Thi gian lm bi: 45 pht.
Di y l mt vi v d.
V d: Mt sinh vin lm thm nh my trong k ngh l. Mi gi lm vic anh kim c 10 Euro.
Anh lm vic 8 gi mt ngy, 5 ngy mt tun. Hi sau 4 tun lm vic, anh kim c bao nhiu tin?
(A) 800 Euro
(B) 1 200 Euro
(C) 1 600 Euro
(D) 2 000 Euro
Tr li: (C) 1 600 Euro
Gii thch: Sinh vin kim c 10 Euro mt gi x 8 gi mt ngy = 80 Euro mt ngy x 5 ngy mt
tun = 400 Euro mt tun x 4 tun = 1,600 Euro.
Hy nh du vo p n ng (A, B, C hay D) trn giy lm bi.
Example 1
2,600 bottles contain 650 litres of a soft drink. How many litres do 5,000 bottles hold?
(A) 338 litres
(B) 1 000 litres
(C) 1 250 litres
(D) 1 300 litres
Degree of difficulty: low
V d 1
2,600 chai cha 650 lt nc ngt. Hi 5,000 chai cha c bao nhiu lt nc ngt?
(A) 338 lt
(B) 1 000 lt
(C) 1 250 lt
(D) 1 300 lt
Mc : d
Example 2
Corinna has a photo which is 9 cm wide and 6 cm high. She would like to have it enlarged to a width
of 15 cm. The ratio of width to height is to remain the same. How high will the photo be?
(A) 11 cm
(B) 10 cm
(C) 9 cm
(D) 8 cm
Degree of difficulty: medium
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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V d 2
Corinna c mt tm hnh di 9 cm, cao 6 cm. C mun phng to tm hnh n c chiu di 15 cm.
T l gia chiu di v chiu cao khng thay i. Hi khi chiu cao ca tm hnh l bao nhiu?
(A) 11 cm
(B) 10 cm
(C) 9 cm
(D) 8 cm
Mc : trung bnh
Example 3
Together, two sports clubs (A and B) have x members; A has a members and B has b members.
Some of the persons are members of both sports clubs. Which of the following expressions
describes how many persons are members in only one of the two sports clubs?
(A) x + a b
(B) 2(a + b) 2x
(C) ab 2x
(D) 2x (a + b)
V d 3
Hai cu lc b th dc th thao c tng cng x thnh vin; Cu lc b (CLB) A c a thnh vin, CLB
B c b thnh vin. Mt s ngi l thnh vin ca c 2 CLB. Biu thc no sau y cho bit c bao
nhiu ngi l thnh vin ca ch mt trong 2 CLB?
(A) x + a b
(B) 2(a + b) 2x
(C) ab 2x
(D) 2x (a + b)
Mc : kh
Solutions
p n
Subtest Solving Quantitative Problems
Phn kim tra Gii quyt cc vn v s lng
Example 1
2,600 bottles contain 650 litres of a soft drink. One bottle therefore contains 650 / 2,600 = 0.25 litres
of soft drink. 5,000 bottles contain 5,000 times as much soft drink as one bottle, i.e. 5,000 bottles x
0.25 litres per bottle = 1,250 litres of soft drink.
(C) is therefore the correct solution.
V d 1
2,600 chai cha 650 lt nc ngt. V th, mt chai cha 650/2,600 = 0.25 lt nc ngt. 5,000 chai
s cha gp 5,000 ln lng nc cha trong 1 chai, ngha l 5,000 x 0.25 lt = 1,250 lt.
V th (C) l cu tr li ng
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Example 2
Ratio width: height is to remain the same. In the case of the original photo, it is 9 cm: 6 cm, or 3 : 2.
Now the width is to be increased from 9 to 15 cm. The width: height ratio is to remain at 3 : 2. The
new height is calculated as follows: 15 : 3 = 5. 5 x 2 = 10. The new photo will be 10 cm high. The
solution is therefore (B).
V d 2
T l chiu di : chiu cao khng thay i. i vi tm hnh gc, t l l 9 cm : 6 cm, hay 3 : 2.
Chiu cao ca tm hnh sau khi phng to s c tnh nh sau: 15 : 3 = 5.5 x 2 = 10. Vy chiu cao
ca hnh mi s l 10 cm. V th, p n ng l (B).
Example 3
The number of persons who are members in only one sports club can be calculated by subtracting
the number of persons who are in both clubs from the total number of persons (x).
Let n be the number of persons who are in both sports clubs. Let m be the number of persons who
are only in one sports club. x is the total number of persons.
The number of persons who are only members in one sports club is: m = x - n (the total number of
persons minus the number of persons who are members in both sports clubs). In order to calculate
m, we therefore have to know how large n is.
How large is the number of persons who are members in both sports clubs, i.e. n? If none of the
persons were members in both sports clubs, then n = 0 and x = a + b. Since n persons are in both
clubs, it holds that x + n = a + b; if we solve for n, thenn = a + b - x.
How large is the number of persons who are members in only one sports club, i.e. m? m = x - n (see
above). n is replaced with a + b - x. Therefore m = x - (a + b - x); transformed: m = x - (a + b) + x; m
= 2x - (a + b). (D) is therefore the correct solution.
V d 3
S ngi l thnh vin ca ch mt CLB c tnh bng cch ly tng s thnh vin ca c hai CLB
(x) tr i s ngi l thnh vin ca c hai CLB.
Gi n l s ngi l thnh vin ca c hai CLB, m l s ngi l thnh vin ca ch mt CLB. x l
tng s thnh vin.
S ngi l thnh vin ca ch mt CLB l: m = x - n (tng s thnh vin tr i s ngi l thnh
vin ca c 2 CLB). tnh m, chng ta phi bit n.
S lng ngi l thnh vin ca c 2 CLB (n) l bao nhiu? Nu khng c ai l thnh vin ca c
2 CLB, th n = 0 v x = a + b. V c n ngi l thnh vin ca c 2 CLB, nn x + n = a + b; nu tnh
n, ta s c: n = a + b - x.
S lng ngi l thnh vin ca ch mt CLB (m) l bao nhiu? m = x - n (xem trn). n c
thay th bng a + b - x. V th, m = x - (a + b - x); m = x - (a + b) + x; m = 2x - (a + b). V th (D) l
p n ng.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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Subtest Inferring Relationships

Phn kim tra "Suy lun v mi lin h"
In the subtest "Inferring Relationships," each question consists of two pairs of words. Two of the
four words are missing, and you are to identify the matching words so that both pairs of words have
an analogous relationship. This requires that you find the rule governing the analogy and select the
words accordingly.
This test measures logical linguistic thought. Test takers have to identify meaning, and generalise
and abstract in order to find the rule. Eventually the rule has to be concretised in order to fill the
gaps.
Trong phn thi ny, mi cu hi gm c 2 cp t. 2 trong s 4 t b khuyt v th sinh phi xc nh
t thch hp, sao cho c hai cp t c mi lin h tng t nhau. Phn thi ny yu cu th sinh phi
tm ra quy lut tng t v chn t ph hp theo quy lut .
Phn thi ny nhm kim tra t duy ngn ng logic. Th sinh phi xc nh ngha, khi qut s vic
v rt ra kt lun nhm tm ra quy lut. Cui cng, quy lut c c th ha in ng t thch
hp vo ch trng.
Instructions
"Dark : light = hot : cold" "dark" is the opposite of "light" and "hot" is the opposite of "cold".
Between the first and the second word, therefore, there is an analogous relationship, as there is
between the third and the fourth word.
Each of the following problems contains two gaps. Your task is to work out which words fill the two
gaps in such a way that an analogous relationship results on the left- and the right-hand side of the
"=" .
Example:
house : ______ = tree : ______
(A) window apple tree
(B) villa tree trunk
(C) roof branch
(D) front door furniture
Only if you choose "(C) roof branch" is there an analogous relationship on the left- and on the
right-hand side. A roof is part of a house. A branch is part of a tree.
The first word always goes in the first space and the second word always in the second space.
Please note:
All verbs are expressed as to plus the infinitive, e.g. to drink. If a word which can be either a noun
or a verb appears without to, the noun form is intended. For example, drink is intended in the
sense of beverage.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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Hng dn
Thi gian lm bi: 10 pht
"Bng ti : nh sng = nng : lnh" - "bng ti" l t tri ngha vi "nh sng" v "nng" l t tri
ngha vi "lnh". Gia t th nht v t th hai c mt mi lin h tng t nh gia t th ba v
t th t.
Mi cu hi bn di u c 2 ch trng. Th sinh phi tm ra t thch hp in vo ch trng,
sao cho cp t bn tri v bn phi du "=" c cng mt mi lin h tng t nhau.
V d:
nh : ______ = cy : ______
(A) ca s - cy to
(B) bit th - thn cy
(C) mi nh - cnh cy
(D) ca trc - c
Ch khi chn p n (C) "mi nh - cnh cy" th hai cp t bn tri v bn phi du "=" mi c
c mi lin h tng t nhau. "Mi nh" l mt phn ca "nh". "Cnh cy" l mt phn ca
"cy".
T u tin lun c in vo khong trng th nht v t th hai in vo khong trng th hai.
Lu :
Tt c cc ng t u c vit di dng "to" + nguyn mu, v d nh: "to drink". Trong trng
hp mt t va c th l danh t, va c th l ng t, v c vit khng c "to", th n l danh
t. V d: "drink" ch mt loi thc ung.
Example 1
pear : fruit = ______ : ______
(A) motor motorcycle
(B) hammer tool
(C) grass cow
(D) animals elephant
Degree of difficulty: lowm
V d 1
tri l : tri cy = _______ : _______
(A) ng c - xe m-t
(B) ci ba - dng c
(C) c - b
(D) ng vt - con voi
Mc : d
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Example 2
warmth : ______ = wind : ______
(A) temperature tornado
(B) cold wind velocity
(C) flame rain
(D) heat storm
Degree of difficulty: medium
V d 2
hi m : ________ = cn gi : _______
(A) nhit - cn lc
(B) lnh - tc gi
(C) ngn la - cn ma
(D) nng - bo
Mc : trung bnh
Example 3
diversity : ______ = ______ : action
(A) uniformity success
(B) distance passiveness
(C) variety deed
(D) uniformity measure
Degree of difficulty: high
V d 3
a dng : ________ = _______ : hnh ng
(A) ng dng - thnh cng
(B) khong cch - th ng
(C) s a dng - hnh vi
(D) ng dng - o lng
Mc : kh
Solutions
p n
Subtest Inferring Relationships
Phn kim tra "Suy lun v mi lin h"
Example 1
Here the solution is B. The relationship between "hammer" and "tool" is analogous to (the same
as, similar to) the relationship between "pear" and "fruit." A hammer is a tool and a pear is a fruit.
Here "tool" and "fruit" are broader terms; "hammer" and "pear" are narrower terms.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
-8-
In (A) and (C), there are other relationships between the words ("... is a part of a ..." and "... is food
for a ...").
In (D): The terms "animal" and "elephant" are also a broader term and a narrower term. In the case
of the given pair of words, however (pear fruit), the broader term comes second. In (D), the
broader term comes first. The relationship between the two words in the answer (D) is therefore not
analogous to the relationship between the given words.
V d 1
p n ng l cu (B). Mi lin h gia "ci ba" v "dng c" tng t nh gia "tri l" v "tri
cy". Ci ba l mt dng c v tri l l mt loi tri cy. y, "dng c" v "tri cy" mang ngha
rng; "ci ba" v "tri l" l ngha hp.
Nhng t trong p n (A) v (C) li c mi lin h khc ("... l mt phn ca ..." v "... l thc n
cho ...")
Trong p n (D): Cp t "ng vt" - "con voi" cng l ngha rng v ngha hp. Nhng nhm t
a ra trong li l "tri l" - "tri cy", t mang ngha rng ng sau. p n (D), t mang
ngha rng li ng trc. V th m mi lin h gia hai t trong p n (D) khng ging nh mi
lin h gia t cho.
Example 2
Here the correct answer is (D). Analogous relationships are created on both sides of the "=" only if
you choose (D): Heat is an intensification of warmth and storm is an intensification of wind.
(A), (B) and (C) do not result in analogous relationships on the two sides of the "=".
V d 2
p n ng l cu (D). Ch khi chn cu (D) th cc cp t hai bn du "=" mi c mi lin h
tng t nhau: "nng" l s tng mnh ca "hi m" v "bo" cng l s tng mnh ca "cn gi"
p n (A), (B) v (C) khng cho ta c cc cp t hai bn du "=" c mi lin h tng t
nhau.
Example 3
Here the correct answer is (C). We arrive at pairs of words with an analogous relationship to one
another only if we fill the blanks with "variety" and "deed." In each case, the pairs of words are
synonyms, that is, they have the same meaning. "Variety" means the same as "diversity" and "deed"
means the same as "action."
(A), (B) and (D) do not result in analogous relationships between the two pairs of words.
V d 3
p n ng l cu (C). Chng ta ch c c cc cp t c mi lin h tng t nhau khi ta in
"s a dng" v "hnh vi" vo ch trng. Khi , mi cp t l nhng t ng ngha. "S a dng"
ng ngha vi "a dng" v "hnh vi" ng ngha vi "hnh ng".
p n (A), (B) v (D) khng cho ta c cc cp t c mi lin h tng t nhau.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
-9-
Subtest Completing Patterns

Phn kim tra "Hon thnh hnh mu"
In the subtest "Completing Patterns," lines, circles, quadrilateral and other geometrical shapes are
arranged in the fields of a matrix according to a specific rule. You are to find the rule and apply it by
identifying the missing shape in the last field. This test measures logical graphic thought. Language
skills or educational background are irrelevant.
Trong phn thi ny, cc ng thng, vng trn, t gic v nhng hnh dng hnh hc khc c
sp xp trong khung theo quy lut ring bit. Th sinh phi tm ra quy lut v xc nh hnh cn thiu
in vo khung cui. Phn thi ny nhm kim tra t duy hnh hc logic. K nng ngn ng hay
kin thc c bn khng lin quan trong phn thi ny.
Instructions
Each of the following items consists of nine fields. Eight of the fields contain figures. In the ninth field
(at the bottom right) is a question mark.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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The arrangement of the figures has been carried out according to certain rules. Your task is to
recognize these rules and apply them in order to find the ninth figure.
The rules apply
from left to right,
OR from top to bottom,
OR from left to right AND from top to bottom.
There are no other directions (e.g. diagonal) in which the rules can apply!
In order to solve an item, you need one, two or three rules. It is also possible that one rule applies
horizontally and another rule vertically.
Below the nine fields, you will find six figures (A, B, C, D, E and F). Select the figure which should
take the place of the question mark.
Hng dn
Mi cu hi bn di bao gm 9 . 8 c cha hnh. Trong th 9 ( hng cui, bn phi) l mt
du chm hi.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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Cc hnh trn c sp xp theo mt nguyn tc xc nh. Th sinh phi nhn ra nguyn tc ny,
xc nh n nhm tm ra hnh cn thiu.
Nguyn tc c th p dng:
t tri sang phi,
HOC t trn xung di,
HOC t tri sang phi V t trn xung di
Nguyn tc khng p dng i vi cc hng khc (v d: ng cho)!
tm ra p n chnh xc cho cu hi, th sinh cn tm ra mt, hai hoc ba nguyn tc. Cng c
trng hp mt nguyn tc p dng theo chiu ngang v nguyn tc khc p dng theo chiu dc.
Bn di 9 , th sinh s c 6 hnh (A, B, C, D, E v F). Hy chn hnh ph hp in vo v tr
ca du chm hi.
Example 1
V d 1
Degree of difficulty : low

Mc : d
_______________________________________________________________________________________
-12-
Example 2
V d 2
Degree of difficulty : medium

Mc : trung bnh
_______________________________________________________________________________________
-13-
Example 3
V d 3
Degree of difficulty: high

Mc : kh
Solutions
p n
Subtest Completing Patterns
Phn kim tra "Hon thnh hnh mu"
Example 1
The rule here applies horizontally. In every row, the arrow is turned clockwise by 45 from the first
field to the second. The same is true from the second field to the third. The question mark must
therefore be replaced with an arrow pointing straight downward. (A) is therefore the correct solution.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
-14-
V d 1
Quy lut p dng theo chiu ngang. mi dng, t th nht n th hai, du mi tn quay theo
chiu kim ng h mt gc 45. Du mi tn cng quay theo quy lut ny t th hai n th ba.
V vy, du chm hi phi c thay bng mt du mi tn hng thng xung. Do , (A) l p
n ng.
Example 2
Here the rule applies vertically and horizontally. Every row and every column must contain a square,
a triangle and a circle. The colours alternate between black and white.
1. The forms: In the bottom row there are a circle and a square. A triangle must therefore take the
place of the question mark.
2. The colours: The circle is black; the square is white. The colour of the triangle must accordingly
be black.
The correct solution is therefore (E).
V d 2
Quy lut y c p dng theo c chiu ngang v chiu dc. mi hng v mi ct phi c mt
hnh vung, mt hnh tam gic v mt hnh trn. Mu sc c thit k en v trng xen k.
1. V hnh dng: dng cui c mt hnh trn v mt hnh vung. V th, ch du chm hi phi
l mt hnh tam gic.
2. V mu sc: Ta c hnh trn mu en, hnh vung mu trng. Theo , hnh tam gic phi c
mu en.
V vy, p n ng l (E)
Example 3
Here there are two rules and they apply both horizontally and vertically.
1. The arrows: In every row, only arrows are shown in Field 3 which are not in the same position in
Field 1 and Field 2. Please look at Row 1. The arrow pointing towards the upper left appears in Field
1 and Field 2. It therefore does not appear in Field 3. The arrow pointing towards the bottom left
appears only in Field 1, the one pointing towards the bottom right appears only in Field 2. Field 3
therefore shows an arrow pointing towards the bottom left and an arrow pointing towards the bottom
right.
2. The lines: In every row, only the lines which are in the same position in Fields 1 and 2 appear in
Field 3. Please look at Row 1. In Field 1, there is a line pointing towards the right. In Field 2 there is
a line pointing towards the left. In both fields there is a line pointing downward. Therefore, only the
downward-pointing line appears in Field 3.
3. In Row 3, both arrows in Fields 1 and 2 are pointing in the same direction. For that reason, they
both disappear in Field 3. The figure in Field 3 therefore has no arrows. The lines in Fields 1 and 2
are not in the same position. Therefore both lines must also disappear. The figure in Field 9
accordingly also has no lines.
The solution is therefore (B)
V d 3
Trong trng hp ny c hai nguyn tc, c p dng theo c chiu ngang v chiu dc.
1. Du mi tn: mi hng, ch nhng du mi tn no khng c cng v tr vi nhau trong th 1
v th 2, th mi xut hin th 3 m thi. Hy xem hng th 1. Mi tn ch v bn tri hng
ln cng xut hin th 1 v th 2. V th, n khng xut hin th 3. Mi tn ch v bn tri
_______________________________________________________________________________________
-15-
hng xung ch xut hin th 1, mi tn ch v bn phi hng xung ch xut hin th 2.

V th, c 2 mi tn ny s xut hin th 3.
2. ng thng: mi hng, ch nhng ng thng no c cng v tr vi nhau trong th 1 v
th 2, th mi xut hin th 3 m thi. Hy xem hng th 1. Trong th 1 c mt ng thng
ch v bn phi. Trong th 2 c mt ng thng ch v bn tri. Trong c 2 c cng mt ng
thng hng xung. V th, ch c ng thng hng xung mi xut hin th 3.
3. dng th 3, c hai du mi tn th 1 v th 2 u ch v cng mt hng. V th m
chng s bin mt th 3. Vy hnh cn thiu th 3 phi l hnh khng c du mi tn no.
Cc ng thng trong th 1 v th 2 khng c cng v tr. V vy, c hai ng thng ny
cng s bin mt. Do , hnh cn thiu cng s khng c ng thng no.
Vy, p n ng l (B)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
-16-
Subtest Continuing Numerical Series

Phn kim tra "Tm s cn li trong chui s"
The subtest "Continuing Numerical Series" provides a series of numbers structured according to a
specific rule. You are to find the rule and apply it in order to identify the missing number.
This test measures logical numerical thought. Knowledge of the four basic arithmetic operations
addition, subtraction, multiplication and division is sufficient to answer the questions.
Phn ny gm nhng chui s hc c gn kt bi nhng quy lut c bit. Th sinh hy tm ra
quy lut ng v sau p dng n tm 1 s cn thiu trong chui s cho.
Phn ny nhm nh gi kh nng suy lun ton hc, cng nh kin thc v vn dng 4 php ton
c bn Cng, Tr, Nhn v Chia tm ra p n.
Instructions
The four basic arithmetical operations are represented like this on the website: Addition (+),
subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/)
Hng dn
Bn php ton c bn s c th hin nh sau: Php cng (+), Php tr (-),
Php nhn (*), Php chia (/)
Each item consists of a numerical series, formed according to a particular rule. Your task is to find
the next number in the series its place is marked by the question mark (?).
Example 1:
5 15 13 23 21
31 29 ?
The numerical series is formed by the following arithmetical operation: +10
-2 +10 -2 +10
- 2.
5+10=15 15-2=13 13+10=23
and so on.
The number that should be in the place of the question mark (?) is therefore 39 (29 + 10).
Example 2:
35 30 120
60 55 220
110
?
The rule for this numerical series is as follows:
-5 4 2 -5 4 2. The number that
should be in the place of the question mark (?) is therefore 105 (110 5).
Each rule can contain only the four basic arithmetical operations [addition (+), subtraction (-),
multiplication () and division ()].
Proceed step by step:
1. First take a look at the numerical series.
2. Work out the rule on which the numerical series is based.
3. Then apply the rule in order to find the next number in the series. Carry out the necessary
arithmetical operation and calculate the number that should be entered in the place of the question
mark (?).
4. Mark the digits that make up this number on your answer sheet.
The solution number is always a whole number. The solution number can be positive, negative or
zero. Any digit only ever occurs once in a solution number; in other words, solutions numbers such
as 11, 44 or 100 cannot occur.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
-17-
Mi cu hi l mt chui cc con s c lp nn bi mt quy lut c bit. Nhim v ca th sinh

l tm ra con s thch hp - l con s c nh du chm hi - trong chui s .
V d 1
5 15 13 23 21
31 29 ?
Chui s ny c lp thnh theo quy lut tnh ton +10 -2 +10 -2 +10 - 2
Ngha l 5+10=15 15-2=13 13+10=23 ...
Tnh ln lt nh vy, con s t trong du chm hi (?) phi l 39 (29+10)
V d 2
35 30 120
60 55 220
110
?
Quy lut tnh ton ca chui s trn l -5 * 4 2
p n: s 105 (110-5)
-5 * 4
Mi quy lut c th bao gm 1 hoc nhiu php ton trong 4 php ton c bn Php cng (+), Php
tr (-), Php nhn (*), Php chia ()
Hng dn lm bi:
1. u tin quan st chui s
2. Tm ra quy lut php tnh ca chui s
3. p dng quy lut v tnh ton tm con s tip theo trong chui s t vo v tr du chm
hi (?)
4. nh cho nhng con s - to thnh con s p n - vo phiu tr li
Con s p n lun l s nguyn, v c th l s nguyn dng hoc nguyn m hoc s 0. Tuy
nhin mi con s ch xut hin mt ln trong p n. Ngha l khng c con s p n no nh s
11, 44 hay 100.
Trong phiu tr li, nh cho nhng con s xut hin trong p n. Nu con s p n l s m,
th sinh nh cho vo dnh cho du "-" nh cch nh chn con s.
V d: S 14, nh cho vo dnh cho s 1 v s 4
S 41, cng nh cho vo dnh cho s 1 v s 4
S -14, nh cho vo dnh cho du "-", s 1 v s 4
Example 1:
V d 1 (Cp : D)
Example 2:
V d 2 (Cp : Trung bnh)
Example 3:
V d 3 (Cp : Kh)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
-18-
Solutions
p n
Subtest Continuing Numerical Series
Phn kim tra "Tm s cn li trong chui s"
Example 1
You begin by looking at the entire series of numbers. What you notice is:
that the last digit of every number is 5,
that the numbers become greater and smaller alternately and
that the differences between the numbers become greater and greater.
Your next step is to take a closer look at pairs of neighbouring numbers. Develop a hypothesis as to
a possible arithmetical operation with which the one number could be derived from the other. In the
process, you can begin at any random place within the numerical series; frequently (but not always!)
it is easiest to begin with the first two numbers.
What arithmetical operation can be used to derive 35 from 25? Begin with a simple calculation, here,
for example +10 (/5 x7 would also be possible but more complicated. Check this hypothesis only if
you have determined that the simpler hypothesis doesnt work.)
Now check the next two numbers. What arithmetical operation can be used to derive 15 from 35? A
simple possibility is -20.
Checking the third pair of numbers: What arithmetical operation can be used to derive 45 from 15? A
simple possibility is +30.
In many cases you can develop an assumption about the rule governing the numerical series after
checking three pairs of numbers.
In the case of this problem, you now have hypotheses about the first three arithmetical operations:
+10, -20, +30
A possible assumption about the rule would be: Addition and subtraction are carried out alternately,
using a number that increases by 10 each time.
The following arithmetical operations, therefore, would be -40, +50, -60, +70, etc.
Now test your assumption: 45 - 40 = 5;
5 + 50 = 55
The numerical series is therefore based on the rule you assumed. Now you must apply that rule
once more, to the last number: 55 - 60 = - 5
You have thus solved the problem. The solution is - 5.
On your answer sheet, you accordingly have to mark the "-" and the 5.
V d 1
Nhn chui s ca v d 1, c cc im cn ch sau:
S n v ca mi s l 5.
Nhng s lun phin ln hn ri nh hn.
S khc bit gia nhng con s l cng ln hn.
Tip theo l ch n cp s ng k nhau. Pht trin cc gi thuyt vi nhng php tnh ton c
bn, m qua 1 s no c th xut pht t s kia. Trong khi lm, th sinh c th chn bt k con
s ngu nhin no trong chui s bt u tm quy lut; thng thng th (nhng khng phi lun
th) cch n gin nht l bt u vi cp s u tin.
Php tnh ton no c th p dng t s 25 suy ra c s 35? C th bt u t php tnh n
gin v d nh +10 (/5*7 cng l 1 gi thit kh thi - nhng phc tp hn. Hy th gi thuyt ny khi
gi thit n gin lc u khng hiu qu)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
-19-
Sau , kim tra 2 s k tip: Php tnh ton no c th p dng t s 35 suy ra c s 15?
Gi thuyt n gin l -20
Trong nhiu trng hp th sinh c th pht hin quy lut chi phi chui s sau khi tnh ton
xong 3 cp s
Trong trng hp ny, c gi thuyt v 3 php tnh u tin l +10, -20, +30
Gi thuyt cho quy lut trong chui s ny c th l: Cng v Tr lun phin, dng 1 s m lun
phin nh vy ln lt tng ln 10
Nh vy, php tnh ln lt l -40, +50, -60, +70, v.v
Sau kim tra tip gi thuyt: 45-40 = 5; 5+50 = 55
Kt lun, chui s trn da theo quy lut . Cui cng, p dng quy lut tnh tm ra con s
cui cng: 55-60 = -5
Theo cch , th sinh c th gii c cu ny vi p n l -5
Trong phiu tr li, th sinh phi nh cho du "-" v s 5
Example 2
The first things we notice about this number series are
that each number is greater than the one preceding it
that the intervals between the numbers vary
and that none of the numbers is a multiple of the one preceding it.
On the basis of this initial assessment, we can already arrive at a few assumptions about the rule: A
different number is added in each case.
The next step is to determine which number is added in each case.
We get from 60 to 66 by adding 6.
Now a rule can be discerned: The first, third and fifth of the numbers added (6, 4 and 2) and the
second and fourth of the numbers added (30 and 20) can be more easily associated with one
another than any of these added numbers with the one immediately preceding or succeeding it. In
the first group, each number is obtained by subtracting 2 from the preceding number; in the second
group, 10 is subtracted.
Moreover, some of us may have noticed that each of the larger added numbers is the result of the
number preceding it multiplied by 5: 6 x 5 = 30 and 4 x 5 = 20.
Thus we have two means of arriving at the last number to be added:
20 10 = 10
2 x 5 = 10
We must now apply this rule to the last number shown in the series, i.e. we must add 10 to that
number:
122 + 10 = 132.
The solution is therefore 132.
On the answer sheet, we must therefore mark the 1, the 2 and the 3.
V d 2
Trong chui s v d 2, ta ch nhng im sau:
Mi s s ln hn s ng trc n
Khong khc bit gia cc s l khac nhau
Khng c s no l bi s ca s ng trc n
Da vo nhng nhn nh ban u , ta c th a ra vi gi thuyt v quy lut tnh: trong mi
trng hp, 1 s no s c cng thm vo.
Bc tip theo l xc nh nhng s no c cng vo trong tng trng hp c th
_______________________________________________________________________________________
-20-
Ta c 60 thnh 66 khi cng vi 6

T , quy tc tnh c th xc nh nh sau: s u, s th ba v s th nm ca s c cng
thm (6, 4 v 2) v s th hai v s th t ca s c cng thm (30 v 20) c th lin kt d
dng hn. Trong nhm u tin, mi s c to thnh bng cch bt 2 n v; trong nhm th
hai, cng thm 10 n v.
Ngoi ra, vi ngi c th thy c rng s c cng thm vo s nhn vi 5 s bng s c
cng thm k sau n: 6 x 5 = 30 v 4 x 5 = 20
Theo cch , ta c 2 dn chng suy ra c s cui cng c cng thm vo:
20-10 = 10
2 x 5 = 10
Sau cng, ta p dng quy tc tnh suy ra s thch hp cn tm trong chui s, tc l ta phi
cng 10 vo s:
122 + 10 = 132
Kt lun, p n l s 132
Trong phiu tr li, th sinh phi nh cho vo ca s 1, 2 va 3
Example 3
At first sight, all you notice about this numerical series is:
that they get smaller, then larger, then smaller again.
In this case, it is probably easier not to begin with the first two numbers in the series, but with the 1,
the third number in the series.
What arithmetical operation can be used to derive 1 from 32? Two simple possibilities are: -31 and
/32. It is best to make a note of both possibilities.
What arithmetical operation can be used to arrive at 16 from 1? Here, two simple possibilities are +
15 und x16.
Before you look at the third pair of numbers, you should decide which arithmetical operation is more
likely to be part of the rule governing this series. How can 31 / 32 be related to 15 / 16? The simplest
relationship is between 32 and 16 (32 / 2 = 16). The probability that "/32" and "x16" are part of the
rule is greater than the probability that "-31" and "+15" are part of it.
Check another pair of numbers against this assumption. Choose a pair of numbers with which you
can recognize a probable arithmetical operation as quickly as possible. In this case, the pair could
be 128 and 32. What arithmetical operation can be used to arrive at 32 from 128? A simple
possibility is /4 (which is more likely to be related to your hypotheses /32 and x16 than the possibility
-96).
Now it has undoubtedly become simpler to check the previous pair of numbers. What arithmetical
operation can be used to derive 128 from 16? A simple possibility is x8 (and looks more closely
related to your hypotheses than +112).
In the meantime, you have the following hypotheses:
___, /32, x16, x8, /4, ___
You see that each number is half of the previous number. The first arithmetical operation, which you
dont know yet, could therefore contain a 64. Take a look at the first pair of numbers. You arrive at
32 from 2048 when you use the arithmetical operation "/64." If you still have plenty of time, check
this calculation. If you are running out of working time, a rough estimation will suffice.
Now you see that, in the rule, two divisions are followed by two multiplications and then another
division. A systematic rule would result if the last arithmetical operation were also a division. The
number used in the final arithmetical operation should be half the previous, that is: 2.
Now apply the rule to the last number in the series: 32 / 2 = 16
_______________________________________________________________________________________
-21-
The solution to this problem is 16. On the answer sheet, you would have to mark the 1 and the 6.
V d 3
Ta ch im sau trong chui s v d 3:
Cc s s nh dn, ri ln dn v li nh dn
Vi chui s ny, s d dng hn nu ta xem xt s th 2 v s th 3 ca chui s trc tin.
Vi php tnh no bin s 32 thnh s 1? C 2 kh nng n gin l: -31 v /32
Vi php tnh no bin s 1 thnh s 16? Cng c 2 cch: +15 v x 16
Trc khi xt n cp s th ba trong chui s, ta nn quyt nh xem php tnh no (gia -31 v
/32 vi +15 v x16) c kh nng l quy lut ca chui s trn hn. Ta cng d dng nhn thy mi
lin h gia 32 v 16 (32 / 2 = 16). Vy xc sut l mt phn ca quy lut ca cp php tnh "/32" v
"x16" cao hn cp php tnh "-31" v "+15".
Xt tip mt cp s na kim tra gi thuyt trn. Ta nn chn cp s m c th d dng nhn ra
c php tnh ca n. y ta xt tip cp s 128 v 32. Vi php tnh no bin s 128 thnh
s 32? Kh nng /4 l hp l hn vi gi thuyt php tnh "/32" v "x16" hn l cch -96.
Gi th ta d dng xt cp s trc n. Vi php tnh no bin s 16 thnh s 128? Theo gi
thuyt trn l x8 s thch hp hn l +112
C nh vy, ta c chui gi thuyt v php tnh sau
___, /32, x16, x8, /4, ___
Ngoi ra, ta cng thy gi tr ca mi s s bng mt na gi tr ca s ng trc n. Vy php
tnh u tin s cha s c gi tr l 64. Xt tip cp s u tin ca chui s bi ta c t s
2048 thnh s 32, ta phi dng php chia (/64).
Trong quy lut php tnh trn, ta thy 2 php chia ri 2 php nhn v 1 php chia. Vy theo nh quy
lut , php tnh cui cng phi l 1 php chia na, v gi tr ca s b chia phi bng 2 (4 / 2 = 2)
Cui cng, ta p dng quy lut php tnh va tm c vo chui s, th kt qu ca chui s v d
3 s l s 16 (32 / 2 = 16). Trong phiu tr li, th sinh phi nh cho vo dnh cho s 1 v s 6
_______________________________________________________________________________________

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Subtest Completing Patterns

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Degree of difficulty : low

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Degree of difficulty : medium

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hng xung ch xut hin th 1, mi tn ch v bn phi hng xung ch xut hin th 2.

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Subtest Continuing Numerical Series

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Mi cu hi l mt chui cc con s c lp nn bi mt quy lut c bit. Nhim v ca th sinh

S 41, cng nh cho vo dnh cho s 1 v s 4

S -14, nh cho vo dnh cho du "-", s 1 v s 4

Vietnamese German University

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that the last digit of every number is 5,

that the numbers become greater and smaller alternately and

Nhng s lun phin ln hn ri nh hn.

S khc bit gia nhng con s l cng ln hn.

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Ta c 60 thnh 66 khi cng vi 6

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