B.

Bi tp trc nghim c li gii

1. Anehit c th b oxi ho bi cht no sau y?
B. Cu(OH)2 / OH-, t0

A. Dung dch brom

C. K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4

D. A, B, C u ng.

p n D
2. Chia m(g) anehit thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1: t chy hon ton, thu c s
mol CO2 bng s mol H2O. Phn 2:tc dng hon ton vi AgNO 3/NH3 d to ra 4mol Ag/
1mol anehit. Vy l.
A. anehit no n chc
D. Khng xc nh

B. anehit no 2 chc

C. anehit focmic

p n C
nCO2 nH 2O

anehit l no n chc, do loi phng n B.

Mt khc, t l 1 mol anehit to ra 4 mol Ag. Vy l HCHO.

3. Hn hp X gm HCHO v CH3CHO. Khi oxi ho (H=100%) m(gam) X thu c hn hp Y
gm 2 axit tng ng c dY/X = a th gi tr ca a l:
A. 1,45 < a <1,50
D. 1,36 <a <1,53

B. 1,26 <a <1,47

C. 1,62 <a <1,75

p n D
Nu X ch c HCHO Y ch c HCOOH th dY/X = 46/30 = 1,53
Nu X ch c CH3CHO Y ch c CH3COOH th dY/X = 60/44 = 1,36
V X c 2 anehit nn Y c 2 axit.
Vy 1,36 < a < 1,53
4. Cho 0,94 gam hn hp 2 anehit no, n chc k tip nhau, c s mol bng nhau,
tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO3(NH3) to 3,24g Ag. Cng thc phn t ca 2 anehit
l.
A. CH3CHO v HCHO
D. A hoc B

B. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO

C. C2H5CHO v C3H7CHO

p n C
nAg

Gii

Trng hp 1.

3,24
= 0,03 mol
108

Nu s mol anehit =

0,94
1
nAg = 0,015 mol M=
0,015
2

= 62,67

Vy 2 anehit l: C2H5CHO v C3H7CHO

Trng hp 2. Nu mt trong hai anehit l HCHO, s mol l x ta c
4x + 2x = 0,03 x =
M=

0,03
= 0,005mol
6

0,94
= 94 kt hp vi iu kin hai anhit l ng ng k tip, loi.
0,01

5. CxHyO2 l mt anehit mch h, no, 2 chc khi

A. y = 2x
p n C
Gii

B. y= 2x + 2

C. y = 2x 2

D. y = 2x 4

p dng cng thc CnH2n+2-2aO2 trong a l s lin kt i trong phn t cho anehit
no, hai chc, ta c a = 2. Suy ra cng thc anehit cho l CxH2x-2O2
6. Mt anehit no c dng (C2H3O)n th cng thc phn t ca anehit l:
A. C4H6O2

B. C6H9O2

C. C2H3O

D. C8H12O4

p n A
7. Hn hp Y gm 2 anehit ng ng k tip. t 2,62g hn hp Y to 2,912 lit CO 2
(ktc) v 2,34g H2O. Nu cho 1,31g Y. Tc dng vi AgNO3 d (NH3) c m(g) Ag kt
ta.
a-2 anehit thuc loi:
A. cha no 2 chc c lin kt mch C

B. no n chc
D. cha no n chc 1 lin kt

C. no 2 chc
b- Cng thc 2 anehit l:
A. HCHO v C2H4O
C3H6O v C4H8O

B. C3H4O v C4H6O

C. C2H4O v C3H6O

c- Khi lng m (g) ca Ag l:

A. 5,4

B. 10,8

C. 1,08

D. 2,16

a. p n B
Gii

nCO2

2,912
22,4

nH 2O

= 0,13 mol

2,34
= 0,13 mol
18

V nCO2 nH 2O nn 2 anehit thuc loi no n chc

b. p n C
t cng thc l CnH2nO
Ta c CnH2nO nCO2
(14n+16)/2,62 = n/0,13 n =2,6.
c. p n A
nAg = 2.nY = 2. 1,31/(14. 2,6+16) = 0,05 mol
m = 0,05. 108 = 5,4 (g). Vy chn A
8. Cho 6,0 gam anehit tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d trong (NH3) ta thu c
86,4gam Ag kt ta. Cng thc anehit l:
CHO
A. HCHO

B. CHO

C. CH2=CH-CHO

D. CH3-CH2-CHO

p n A
Hng dn gii
nAg =
Nu n

Anehit

86, 4
= 0,8 mol
108

= 1/2 nAg = 0,8/2 = 0,4 mol

M =6/0,4 = 15 Khng c anehit no c khi lng mol l 15, (loi)

Nu n

Anehit

= 1/4 nAg = 0,8/4 = 0,2 mol

M = 6/0,2 = 30 (HCHO) .

D.

9. Cho 1,97g fomalin tc dng vi AgNO3 d (NH3) c 5,4g Ag. C% ca HCHO trong
fomalin l:
A. 19%

B. 38%

C. 40%

D. 27%

p n A
Hng dn
nHCHO = 1/4 nAg =
C% =

5, 4
= 0,0125 mol
4 108

0,0125. 30. 100%/

= 19%
1,97

10. Cho 13,6 g mt anehit X tc dng va vi 300ml dung dch AgNO3 2M (NH3) c 43,2g Ag. Bit dX/O2 = 2,125. CTCT ca X l:
A. CH3CH2 CHO

B. CH2=CH-CH-CH2CHO

C. CH3-CH=CH-CHO

D. CH C-CH2-CHO

p n D
Hng dn gii
nAgNO3 = 0,3. 2 = 0,6 mol
n
V n

Ag

Ag

= 43,2/108 = 0,4 mol

< nAgNO3 phn ng chng t X va tham gia trng gng va tham gia phn ng

th kim loi X c lin kt 3 u mch.

Vy chn D
11. Hn hp X gm 2 anehit no n chc l ng ng k tip. Ly 8,9gam hn hp
X cho phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 tan trong NH3 d to 86,4g Ag kt ta. Cng thc
phn t ca 2 anehit l:
A. HCHO v CH3CHO

B. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO

C. C2H5CHO v C3H7CHO

D. Kt qu khc

p n A
Hng dn gii
nAg = 86,4/108 = 0,8 mol
Nu n

Anehit

= 1/2 nAg = 0,8/2 = 0,4 mol

M =8,9/0,4 = 22,25 < MHCHO =30, do khng c anehit no tha mn loi.

Nh vy mt trong hai anehit l HCHO, t l mol gia HCHO v Ag l 1:4, anehit cn
li c t l mol vi Ag l 1:2.
Vy chn A
12. Chia hn hp X gm 2 anehit n chc l ng ng k tip thnh 2 phn bng
nhau.
- Phn 1 cho tc dng hon ton vi AgNO3 /NH3 to 10,8g Ag v hn hp cha 2 mui
amoni ca 2 axit hu c.
- Phn 2 cho tc dng vi H2 d c Ni xc tc c 2,75g hai ancol.
a) S mol hn hp X l
mol

A. 0,2 mol

B. 0,05 mol

b) Cng thc phn t ca hai anehit l

A. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO

B. C2H5CHO v C3H7CHO

C. 0,04mol

D. 0,1

C. C3H7CHO v C4H9CHO

D. Khng d kin
Hng dn

a) p n D
V hn hp trng gng c 2 mui amoni ca axit hu c chng t hn hp khng c
HCHO
n

= 1/2 nAg = 10,8/(2. 108) = 0,05 mol

(trong mi phn)

Vy s mol hn hp X ban u l 0,05. 2 = 0,1 mol

b) p n A
RCHO + H2
0,05mol

Ni ,t 0

RCH2OH

0,05mol

0,05mol

Khi lng hai ancol = 0,05.MAncol = 2,75g

2, 75
M Ancol= 0, 05 = 55 M Anehit = 55 - 2 = 53
44=M1 < M Anehit =53 < M2 = 58 hai anehit l CH3CHO v C2H5CHO.
13. Cho hn hp HCHO v H2 i qua ng ng bt Ni nung nng. Dn ton b hn hp
thu c sau phn ng qua bnh ng nc, thy khi lng bnh tng 23,6g. Ly dung
dch trong bnh cho tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3 d thu c 43,2g Ag
kim loi.
Khi lng CH3OH to ra trong phn ng cng hp hiro ca HCHO l:
A. 16,6g

B. 12,6g

C. 20,6g

D. 2,06g

Hy chn p n ng.
Hng dn

HCHO + H2

Ni
t0

CH3OH (1)

Hn hp sn phm thu c gm CH3OH v HCHO c khi lng l 23,6g.

Cho hn hp sn phm tc dng AgNO3/ NH3
HCHO + Ag2O
nHCHO = nAg = x

NH3

CO2 + H2O + 4Ag (2)

43, 2
= 0,1 mol
108

mHCHO = 0,1 x 30 = 3,0 (g)

mCH3OH 23,6 3 20,6(g)
p n C
C. trc nghim t gii
1. Mt hn hp X gm 2 ankanal l ng ng k tip khi b hiro ho hon ton cho
ra hn hp 2 ancol c khi lng ln hn khi lng ca X l 1,0 gam. t chy hon ton X
cho ra 30,8g CO2. Cng thc phn t v s gam 2 ankanal trong hn hp l
A. 9(g) HCHO v 4,4(g) CH3CHO
B. 18g HCHO v 8,8(g) CH3CHO
C. 4,5(g) HCHO v 4,4(g) CH3CHO
D. 9(g) HCHO v 8,8(g) CH3CHO.
p n D

2. Hp cht hu c A n chc, cho tc dng vi AgNO 3/NH3 to Ag kt ta. A cng vi

Br2 theo t l 1: 2; A tc dng H2 phn ng hon ton to 1,2g B. Lng B ny cho tc
dng vi Na d to 0,224 lit H2 (ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca A, B l:
A. HCHO v CH3OH
B. CH2=CH-CH2-CHO v CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
C. CH2=CH-CHO v CH3-CH2CH2OH
D. CH3CHO v CH3CH2OH
p n C
3. Xc nh cu to ca hp cht X bit t chy hon ton 1 mol X to 4 mol CO 2. X
cng Br2 theo t l mol 1:2, X tc dng vi Na cho kh hiro v X trng gng
A. HO-CH=CH-CH2-CHO

B. CH3-CH2- CH=CH-CHO

C. CH3CH2CH2CHO

D. CH2=CH-CH2-CHO

p n A
4. Hp cht A c cng thc CnH 2n+2-2a-k(CHO)k vi gi tr no ca n, k, a khi A tc dng
vi kh hiro cho ancol n-propylic theo th t n, k, a l
A. 3, 1, 1

B. 2, 2, 0

C. 2, 1, 0

D. 3, 1, 2

p n A
5. CH3CHO c th iu ch trc tip t:
A. C2H5OH

B. C2H2

C. CH3COOCH=CH2

D. A, B, C ng

6. Tin hnh oxi ha 2,5 mol ru metylic thnh fomanehyt bng CuO ri cho
fomanehit tan ht vo nc thu c 160g dd fomalin 37,5%. Vy hiu sut phn ng oxi
ha l bao nhiu?
A. 90%

B. 80%

C. 70%

D. 60%.

Hy chn p n ng.
p n B.
7. Cho phn ng
2R - C

O
H

+KOH

R - C - OK + R - CH2 - OH
O

Phn ng trn thuc loi phn ng no sau y?

A. Phn ng trung ha

B. Phn ng t oxi ha - kh

C. Phn ng trao i

D. Phn ng este ha

Hy chn p n ng.
p n B.
8. Mt este c CTPT l C4H8O2 c to thnh t ru metylic v axit no sau y.
A. Axit fomic

B. Axit propionic

C. Axit axetic

D. Axit oxalic.

Hy chn p n ng.
p n C.
9. Phn t axit hu c c 5 nguyn t cacbon, 2 nhm chc, mch h cha no c 1 ni
i mch C th CTPT l:

A. C5H6O4

B. C5H4O4

C. C5H10O4

D. C5H8O4

Hy chn p n ng.
p n A.
10. Axit hu c C5H10O2 c cng thc cu to no sau y ? Bit khi tc dng vi Cl 2
(k: nh sng) vi t l mol 1:1 th ch cho mt sn phm th duy nht.
A. CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH
B. CH3CH2CHCOOH
CH3

C. CH3CHCH2COOH
CH3
CH3

D. CH3 C COOH
CH3

Hy chn p n ng.
p n D.
11. Hp cht X khi un nh vi dd AgNO3/NH3 d c sn phm Y. Cho Y tc dng vi dd HCl
hoc dd NaOH th sn phm kh thu c u l cht kh v c. Vy X l cht no sau
y th ph hp.
A. HCHO

B. HCOOH

C. HCOONH4

D. A, B, C u ph hp.

Hy chn p n ng.
p n B.
12. Este X c cng thc phn t dng tng qut l CnH2nO2.
Bit rng:

Y1

Y2

HCHO

AgNO3/NH3

Ag

Cng thc phn t no sau y ph hp vi X?

A. CH2O2

B. C2H4O2

C. C3H6O3

D. C4H8O2

Hy chn p n ng.
p n B.
13. t chy 6,0g X ch cha nhm chc este ta thu c 4,48lCO2 (ktc) v 3,6g H2O.
Vy CTPT ca este X c th l:
A. C4H8O2

B. C4H8O4

C. C3H6O2.

D. C2H4O2

Hy chn p n ng.
p n D.
14. t chy hon ton 7,4g hn hp hai este ng phn ta thu c 6,72l CO2 (ktc) v
5,4gH2O. Cng thc cu to ca hai este l:
A. CH3 - C - O - CH3 v H - C - O - CH2 - CH3
O

O
B. CH2 - O - C - CH3
CH2 - O - C - CH3

COO - CH2 - CH3

COO - CH2 - CH3

C. CH2 = CH - COO - CH3 v

HOOC - CH2 - CH = CH2.

D. Phng n khc.
Hy chn p n ng.
p n A.
15. Mt anehit A c cng thc (C3H5O)n, n nhn gi tr no sau A l anehit no,
mch h?
A. 4

B. 3

Hy chn p n ng.
p n C.

C. 2

D. 1