Kha hc LTH mn Ting Anh Gio vin: V Th Mai Phng

Ng m trong Ting Anh

NG M TRONG TING ANH

(TI LIU BI GING)

Gio vin: V TH MAI PHNG

I. Mt s quy tc pht m ca m /i/

Pht m /i/ nhng nhm ch sau y.
1. Nhm iTrong nhng t mt m tit v tn cng bng mt hoc hai ph m i + ph m
Ex: big
/big/
: to ln
to dig
/dig/
: o ln
think
/ik/
: dy, n n
thin
/in/
: mng, gy
2. e c l /i/
Trong nhng tip u ng: be, de, re, ex, e, ej, em, en, pre
Ex: behave
/beheiv/
: c x
decide
/disaid/
: quyt nh
renew
/renju:/
: i mi
exchange
eradicate
enslave
predict

/iks'teind/
/i'rdikeit/
/insleiv/
/pridikt/

: trao i
:nh r, dit
: n l ha
: tim on

3. Tip v ng v cc ch tn cng hn tp
-age
-ate
-y
-ly

passage
temperate
industry
friendly

/'psi/
/'temprit/
/'indstri/
/friendli/

: on vn, li i
: n ha
: cng nghip
: thn thin

-ey
-ive
-et
-let

donkey
expensive
market
booklet

/'dki/
/ikspensiv/
/ma:kit/
/buklit/

:con la
: t
: ch
: tp sch nh

4. Nhng ting c bit

England
women
busy
business
businessman

/'iglnd/
/wimin/
/bizi/
/biznis/
/biznismn/

: nc Anh
: ph n
: bn bu, nhn nhp
: cng vic, vic thng mi
: thng gia

II. Mt s quy tc pht m ca m /i:/

Pht m l /i:/ nhng nhm ch sau y.
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Kha hc LTH mn Ting Anh Gio vin: V Th Mai Phng

Ng m trong Ting Anh

1. Nhm ea(-)
Nhng t c tn cng bng ea hoc ea vi mt ph m
Ex: sea
/si:/
: bin
seat
/si:t/
: ch ngi
to please
/pli:z/
: lm hi long
to teach
peace

/ti: t/
/pi:s/

: dy, dy hc
: ha bnh

* Ngoi l:
a s cc t c nhm ea(-) c /i:/, tr mt s t thng dng sau:
break
/breik/
: v, lm v, gy
breakfast
/breikfst/
: ba im tm
great
/greit/
: v i
to measure

/me/

: o lng

pleasure

/ple/

: khoi lc

2. Nhm ee(-)
Nhng t c tn cng bng ee hay ee vi mt ph m hay hai ph m:
Ex: bee
/bi:/
: con ong
beet
/bi:t/
: c ci ng
tree
/tri:/
: cy
green
/gri:n/
: xanh lc, cha c kinh nghim
3. Nhm e
Mt s t thng dng:
be
/bi:/
she
we
evil
Egypt
secret
secretive

/i:/
/wi:/
/i:vl/
/i:dzipt/
/si:krit/
/sikri:tiv/

: th, l
: ch y, c y
: chng ti, chng ta
: xu xa
: nc Ai Cp
: b mt
: t ni, kn o

4. Nhm e-e
Nhng t c mt ph m gia hai ch e
Ex: even
/i:vn/
: ngay c n
evening
complete

/i:vni/
/kmpli:t/

: chiu ti
: hon ton

5. Nhm ieNhm ie vi mt hay hai ph m

Ex:

chief
believe

/ti:f/
/bili:v/

: ngi ng u, ng sp
: tin tng

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Kha hc LTH mn Ting Anh Gio vin: V Th Mai Phng

belief
relieve

/bi:li:f/
/rili:v/

Ng m trong Ting Anh

: nim tin, lng tin

: lm nh bt au bun

6. Nhm eiNhm ei vi mt hay hai ph m v ch i sau m /s/ hay ch c, s mi c l /i:/

Ex: deceive
/disi:v/
: nh la, la o
receive
/risi:v/
: nhn c
receipt
/risi:t/
: giy bin lai
7. Nhm ese
Tip v ng ny ch quc tch
Vietnamese
/vietnmmi:z/ : ngi Vit, ting Vit
Chinese

/taini:z/

: ngi Trung Quc

III. Mt s quy tc pht m ca m //

1. Nhm aTrong nhng t c mt m tit, tn cng bng mt hay nhiu ph m.
: xu, dm, km
Ex: bad
/bd/
hang
/hng/
: treo, treo c ln
fan
/fn/
: ci qut
map
/mp/
: bn
* Ngoi l:
father
calm

/'fa:/
/ka:m/

: cha
: bnh tnh

2. Nhm ar(-)
Trong nhng t c mt m tit m tn cng bng r hay r + ph m hoc trong mt m tit ca mt t khi
a ng trc r + ph m
Ex: car
/ka:r/
: xe hi
cart
/ka:t/
: xe nga
bark
/ba:k/
: sa
lark
/la:k/
: chim sn ca
charm
3. T c bit
clerk
heart

/ta:m/

: v duyn dng, quyn r

/kla:k/
/ha:t/

: th k k ton
: tim, tm hn, trung tm

IV. Mt s quy tc pht m ca m //

Pht m l // trong nhng nhm ch sau:
1. Nhm uc l // vi nhng t c tn cng bng u vi ph m.
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Kha hc LTH mn Ting Anh Gio vin: V Th Mai Phng

/sn/

: mt tri

duck

/dk/

: con vt

truck

/trk/

: xe ti

cup

/kp/

: ci chn

hut

/ht/

: tp lu

Ex: sun

Ng m trong Ting Anh

2. Nhm ouc l // vi nhng t nhm ou vi mt hay hai ph m:

Ex: young

/j/

: tr, nh tui

rough

/rf/

: x x, g gh

touch

/tt/

: ng, chm, s vo

tough

/tf/

: do dai, bng bnh

* Ch : Nhm ou vi ph m c vi ting c l /ou/, nhiu ting c l /au/, i khi c l /u:/.

3. Nhm o
c l // vi nhng t c mt m tit, v trong m tit c nhn mnh ca nhng t c nhiu m tit.
Ex: mother

/'m/

: m

son

/sn/

: con trai

nothing

/'ni/

: khng g c

monkey

/mki/

: con kh

4. Nhm o-e
c l // vi nhng t c nhm o-e c mt ph m gia o v e:
Ex: to come

/km/

: n

dove

/dv/

: chim b cu

a glove

/glv/

: chic gng tay

to love

/lv/

: yu

* Ch : Phn nhiu nhm o-e c l /ou/. Mt s ng t tn cng ove c /uv/.

5. Nhng t c bit
blood

/bld/

: mu

flood

/fld/

: nn lt, l lt

nothing

/'ni/

: khng g c

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Kha hc LTH mn Ting Anh Gio vin: V Th Mai Phng

Ng m trong Ting Anh

6. Nhng t c ch u trong cc nhm sau y u c l //

a. ug
a rug

/rg/

: ci thm

drug

/drg/

: thuc

a duck

/dk/

: con vt

chuckle

/ tkl/

: ci khc khch

must

/mst/

: phi (tr ng t)

dust

/dst/

: bi, t bi

b. uck

c. ust

d. un
uneasy

/ni:zi/

: bt rt, bc bi

unhappy

/nhpi/

: khn hnh phc, khng sung sng

unable

/neibl/

: khng th, khng c kh nng

e. um
umbrella

/mbrel/

: ci , ci d

umbrage

/mbri/

: bng cy, bng mt

umbilicus

/mbiliks/

: ci rn

/lz/

: phi, l phi

f. ung:
lungs

V. Mt s quy tc pht am ca m /
/
c l // trong nhng nhm ch sau y:
1. Nhm oc l // i vi nhng t c mt m tit, tn cng bng mt ph m v tron m tit c nhn mng ca
t c nhiu m tit.
Ex: dog

/dg/

: con ch

pot

/pt/

: ci ni

doctor

/dkt/

: bc s

modern

/mdn/

: ti tn, tn tin

voluntary

/vlntri/

: tnh nguyn, t

hot

/ht/

: nng

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Kha hc LTH mn Ting Anh Gio vin: V Th Mai Phng

Ng m trong Ting Anh

* Ch : Nhm ch o- i khi c /ou/, i khi c //, nhng nhm ock bao gi cng c /k/.
a lock

/lk/

: kha

oclock

/klk/

: ng h

2. Nhm ong
Nhng t c tn cng bng ong:
Ex: long

/l/

: di. lu

strong

/str/

: mnh, m c

wrong

/r/

: sai

/m/

: trong s, trong m

* Ngoi l: among

3. T c bit:
gone
/gn/(to go)
* Hes gone: ng ta i ri. (ng y cht.)
VI. Mt s quy tc pht m ca m /
:/
Pht m l / :/ trong nhng nhm ch sau y:
1. Nhm allc l / :/ i vi nhng t mt m tit c tn cng bng all.
Ex: call

/k:l/

: gi, ku gi

tall

/t:l/

: cao, cao ro

small

/s:ml/

: nh b

ball

/b:l/

: qu bng

2. Nhm auc l /:/ trong hu ht cc t c au vi mt hay hai ph m

Ex: author

/':/

: tc gi

August

/:gst/

: thng tm

audience

/:din/

: khn gi

daughter

/d:t/

: con gi

* Ngoi l:
to laugh
aunt

/la:f/ or /lf/ (Am): ci

/a:nt/ of /nt/ (Am): d, c

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Ng m trong Ting Anh

3. Nhm aw(-)
c l /:/ i vi nhng t c tn cng bng aw hay aw vi mt ph m
Ex:

law

/l:/

: lut php

draw

/dr:/

: v

awful

/:ful/

: hi hung, khng khip

lawn

/l:n/

: sn c

4. Nhm wac l /:/ i vi nhng t c nhm wa vi mt hoc hai ph m

Ex: wall

/w:l/

: bc tng

water

/w:t/

: nc

forewarn

/f:w:n/

: cnh co

5. Nhm osc l /:/ i vi nhng t c nhm os vi ph m

Ex: cross

/kr:s/

: du thp

cost

/k:st/

: tn km, c gi l

loss

/l:s/

: s thua l, mt mt

6. Nhm or(-)
c l /:/ i vi nhng t c nhm or vi ph m
Ex: for

/f:/

: , cho, v

port

/p:t/

: hi cng

report

/rip:t/

: tng trnh

short

/:t/(adj)

: ngn, ln, thiu, sm

7. Nhm oarc l /:/ i vi nhng t c nhm oar hoc oar vi ph m

Ex: roar

/r:/

: gm tht

board

/b:d/

: tm vn, bng

coarse

/k:s/(adj)

: th l

8. Nhm our(-)
c l /:/ i vi nhn t c nhm our hay our vi ph m
Ex: four

/f:/

: s bn

pour

/p:/

: rt ra, ra, ma ro

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court

/k:t/

: sn, ta n, triu nh

course

/k:s/

: kha hc

Ng m trong Ting Anh

9. Nhm oor
Ch c t t quen thuc
a door

/d:/

: ca ra vo

a floor

/fl:/

: sn nh, tng nh, y bin

VII. Mt s quy tc pht m ca m /u/

Pht m l /u/ trong nhng nhm ch sau:
1. Nhm ould
c l /u/ vi nhng t c nhm ould.
Ex: could
/kud/
: c th
should
would

/ud/
/wud/

: nn, phi
: s, mun

2. Nhm ooc l /u/ i vi t c nhm oo vi ph m

Ex: wood
/wud/
: rng, g
good
/gud/
: tt, hay, khe
book
/buk/
: quyn sch
a cook
/kuk/
: u bp
hook
/huk/
: ci mc
3. Nhm uc l /u/ i vi mt s t c nhm u vi mt hay hai ph m
Ex: bush
full
put
butcher

/bu/
/ful/
/put/

: bi cy
: y, no
: , t

/but /

: ngi bn tht

4. Nhm oc l /u/ i vi nhng t c nhm o vi ph m, tuy nhim rt t t c nhm o vi ph m c l

/u/.
Ex: woman
/wumn/
: ngi ph n
a wolf
/wulf/
: si rng
VIII. Mt s quy tc pht m ca m /u:/
Pht m l /u:/ trong nhng nhm ch sau:
1. Nhm oo(-)
Mt s t tn cng bng oo hoc oo vi ph m:
Ex: too
/tu:/
: cng, qu
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to woo
food
zoo
choose

/wu:/
/fu:d/
/zu:/
/u:z/

: tn tnh, cu hn
: thc n
: cng vin
: la chn

moon

/tmu:n/

: mt trng

Ng m trong Ting Anh

2. Nhm u-e
Mt t t c ph m chen gia u v e hay nhm ue:
Ex: shoe
rule
clue

/u:/
/ru:l/
/klu:/

: giy
: qui tc, mc thc
: b quyt, manh mi

3. Nhm o(-)
Mt vi t thng dng tn cng bng o hay o vi ph m
Ex: to do
/du:/
: lm
two
/tu:/
: hai
who
/hu:/
: ai
whom
/hu:m/
: ai
4. Nh ew
c l /u:/ i vi nhng t c tn cng bng ew.
Ex: the crew
/kru:/
: phi hnh on, nhm
screw
/skru:/
: inh c
flew
/flu:/
: (to fly) bay
* Ch : i khi nhm ew c l /ju:/
5. Nhm uic l /u:/, rt t t c nhm ui vi ph m, c l /u:/
Ex: bruise
/bru:z/
: vt thng, vt bm tm trn da
bruit
/ bru:t/
: tin n, ting n
fruit
/fru:t/
: tri cy
juice

/u:s/

: nc ct, nc tri cy

IX. Mt s quy tc pht m ca m /3:/

Pht m l /3:/ trong nhng nhm ch sau:
1. Nhm ir(-)
c l /3:/ vi nhng t c tn cng bng ir hay ir vi ph m:
Ex: shirt
girl
bird
skirt

/3:t/
/g3:l/
/b3:d/
/sk3:t/

: o s mi
: con gi
: con chim
: ci vy

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Ng m trong Ting Anh

2. Nhm (-)erc l /3:/ vi nhng t i trc ph m hoc gia cc ph m

Ex: to err
/3:/
: sai lm
to serve
/s3:v/
: phc v
: mt cu
a verse
/v3:s/
3. Nhm orc l /3:/ vi nhng t c nhm or i sau w v trc ph m
Ex: the world
/w3:ld/
: th gii
: con giun, con su
a worm
/w3:m/
4. Nhm ur(-)
c l /3:/ vi nhng t tn cng bng ur hay ur vi ph m
: y t
Ex: nurse
/n3:s/
burn
/b3:n/
: t chy
: nguyn ra
curse
/k3:s/
surgery
Thursday

/s3:ri/
/':zdi/

: khoa phu thut

: th nm

5. Nhm (-)earc l /3:/ vi nhng t c nhm ear v trc ph m hay chen gia cc ph m.
Ex: learn
/l3:n/
: hc, nghe tin
: t, Tri t
earth
/3:/
: (to hear) nghe
heard
/h3:d/
* Ch : Nhm ear cui mt t c l /i/, i khi c l /eo/.
X Mt s qui tc pht m ca m //
Pht m l // trong nhng nhm ch sau:
1. c l // bn nhm tn cng khng c nhn ar, er, or v ure.
a. Nhm ar
Ex: particular
/ptikjul/
: c bit
awkward
b. Nhm er
Ex: worker
teacher
dancer

/ :kwd/

: kh x

/w3:k/

: cng nhn

/ti:t/ : gio vin

/de:ns/
: v cng

c. Nhm or
Ex: doctor
sailer

/dkt/
/seil/

: bc s
: thy th

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Ng m trong Ting Anh

Kha hc LTH mn Ting Anh Gio vin: V Th Mai Phng

d. Nhm ure
Ex: temperature
literature

/temprit/

: nhit

/litrt/

: vn chng

* Ch : Nu c nhn nhm ar c /a:/ nu i sau ch w c /:/

2. Nhm e
c l // trong mt m tit khng c nhn mnh ca mt t
Ex: silent
/sailnt/
: im lng
open
/oupn/
: m ra
chicken

/tikn/

: g con

3. Nhm a
c l // trong hu ht nhng m tit khng c nhn mnh ca mt t.
Ex: balance
/blns/
: ci cn, s thng bng
explanation
capacity

/eksplnein/: s ging ngha, gii thch

/kpsiti/
: kh nng, nng lc

national

/nnl/

: thuc v quc gia, c tinh cch quc gia

4. Nhm o
c l // trong mt m tit khng c nhn mnh ca mt t c nhiu m tit.
Ex: atom
/tm/
: nguyn t
compare
/kntroul/
: kim sot
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