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Ti liu bi ging:

05. PHNG TRNH LOGARITH P4

Thy ng Vit Hng
III. PHP PHP T N PH GII PHNG TRNH LOGARITH

V d 1. Gii phng trnh sau

4
=1
1 log 3 x

a) log 22 x + log x (4 x 2 ) = 12

b) ( 2 log 3 x ) log 9 x 3

c) log 5 (5 x 2 ).log 2x 5 = 1

d) log 2 3 x 3 log 2 x =

2
3

V d 2. Gii phng trnh sau

1
4
+
=3
5 4 lg x 1 + lg x

a) 3 log 2 x log 2 (4 x) = 0

b)

c) log 2 x 64 + log x 2 16 = 3

d) log x 2 + 2 log 2 x 4 = log

2x

V d 3. Gii phng trnh sau

a) log 27 x2 x 3log3 x x 2 = 0

b) log 32 x + 2 = 3 3 log 2 x 2

c) log x 2 log 2 x 2 = log 4 x 2

d)

3log 2 x + 1 = 4 log 22 x + 13log 2 x 5

BI TP T LUYN:
Bi 1. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
1
a) 2log 5 x 2 = log x
5
c) log 2 x x 2 14log16 x x3 + 40log 4 x x = 0

9
+ log 2x 5
4
x3 1
3
d) log 3 .log 2 x log 3
= + log 2 x
x
3 2
Hng dn gii:

b) log x 5 + log x 5 x =

1
a) 2 log 5 x 2 = log x , (1) .
5
iu kin: x > 0; x 1.
1
1
2
= 0 ( log5 x ) 2log 5 x + 1 = 0 log 5 x = 1
x = 5.
(1) 2. log5 x 2 = log x 5 log5 x 2 +
2
log 5 x
Vy phng trnh c nghim duy nht x = 5.
9
b) log x 5 + log x 5 x = + log 2x 5, ( 2 ) .
4
iu kin: x > 0; x 1.
5
1
2
2
log x 5 =

1
9 1
1
1
5

2
Ta c ( 2 ) log x 5 + (1 + log x 5 ) = + log x 5 log x 5 3. log x 5 + = 0
2
1
1
2
4 2
2
2
4

log x 5 =
2
2
5
5

log 5 = 5
T ta c x

x = 5 x = 5
log
5
=
1
x
=
5
x

x = 5
Cc nghim ny u tha mn, vy phng trnh c hai nghim x = 5; x = 5 5.

c) log 2 x x 2 14log16 x x 3 + 40log 4 x x = 0, ( 3) .

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x > 0

x > 0
x 1
2 x 1
2

iu kin:

1
16 x 1 x 16
4 x 1

x 1

4
Khi ( 3) 2log 2 x x 42log16 x x + 20log 4 x x = 0

log x ( 2 x )

42
20
+
=0
log x (16 x ) log x ( 4 x )

2
42
20
2
42
20

+
=0

+
= 0, ( *) .
log x x + log x 2 log x x + log x 16 log x x + log x 4
1 + log x 2 1 + log x 16 1 + log x 4
1
21
10
t t = log x 2, (*)

+
= 0 (1 + 4t )(1 + 2t ) 21(1 + t )(1 + 2t ) + 10 (1 + t )(1 + 4t ) = 0
1 + t 1 + 4t 1 + 2t
t = 2
2
2
2
2
8t + 6t + 1 21 2t + 3t + 1 + 10 4t + 5t + 1 = 0 6t 7t 10 = 0

t = 5

6
2

Vi t = 2 log x 2 = 2 x = 2
x = 2.

5
5

Vi t = log x 2 = x
6
6

5
6

5
= 2 x 6

6
5

=2

6
5

x = 2

6
5

1
64

i chiu vi iu kin ta c nghim ca phng trnh l x = 1; x = 2; x =

1
.
64

// Thy gii thiu mt nghim x = 1, cc em kim tra li ch no nh???

x3 1
3
d) log 3 .log 2 x log 3
= + log 2 x , ( 4 ) .
x
3 2
iu kin: x > 0.
1 1
1 1 1
( 4 ) (1 log3 x ) .log 2 x log3 x3 log3 3 = + log 2 x (1 log3 x ) .log 2 x 3log3 x + = + log 2 x
2 2
2 2 2
1
log 2 x log 2 x.log 3 x 3log3 x log 2 x = 0 log 2 x 2log 2 x.log 3 x 6log 3 x = 0
2
log 2 x (1 2log3 x ) 6log3 x = 0, (*) .

Do log3 x = log3 2.log 2 x nn ( *) log 2 x (1 2log3 x ) 6log3 2.log 2 x = 0 log 2 x (1 2log3 x 6log3 2 ) = 0
x =1
x =1
log 2 x = 0

log 3 x = 1 6log 3 2 = 1 log 3 3

x = 3
1

2log
x

6log
2
=
0
3
3

2
2
64

8
Cc nghim ny u tha mn iu kin, vy phng trnh c hai nghim x = 1; x =

Bi 2. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

a) log 2+
c) log

(x

+ 1 + x + log 2

(x

+1 x = 6

3
.
8

b) log 2 2 + log 2 (4 x ) = 3
x

( )

x + log 1 x 3 + log 3 3 x 4 = 3

7
6

d) log x 2 log 4 x + = 0

Bi 3. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

a) log 5 x + log 3 x = log 5 3. log 9 225

c) log 2 4 x + 4 = x log 1 2 x +1 3

b) log 2 (3 x 1) +

1
= 2 + log 2 (x + 1)
log x + 3 2

d) 4. log 9 x + log x 3 = 3

Bi 4. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

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a) 3 log3 x log3 (3 x) 1 = 0

b) 4 log x

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x + 2 log 4 x x 2 = 3 log 2 x x 3

c)

log 2 4 2 x + log x 4 2 x + log 2 4

x
= log 2 x
2

d) log 3 (3x ). log 2 x log 3

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x3 1
= + log 2 x
3 2

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