Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A. PHN L THUYT
I. S IN LI
H+
+
Cl Ba(OH)2
Ba2+
+ 2OH - Cht in li yu: l cht khi tan trong nc ch c mt s phn t ha tan
phn li ra ion, phn t cn li vn tn ti di dng phn t trong dung dch.
Nhng cht in li yu: L cc axit yu: CH 3COOH, HClO, HF,
H2Scc baz yu: Mg(OH)2, Al(OH)3 . . .
CH3COOH
CH3COO - + H+
II. AXIT - BAZ - MUI
1. Axit
- Theo A-re-ni-ut: Axit l cht khi tan trong nc phn li ra cation H+.
HCl
H+
+
Cl - Axit mt nc: phn li mt nc ra ion H+: HCl, HNO3, CH3COOH . . .
- Axit nhiu nc: phn li nhiu nc ra ion H+: H3PO4 . . .
2. Baz
- Theo A-re-ni-ut: Baz l cht khi tan trong nc phn li ra ion H+.
NaOH
Na+
+
OH 3. Hidroxit lng tnh
- Hidroxit lng tnh l hidroxit khi tan trong nc va c th phn li nh
axit, va c th phn li nh baz.
Th d: Zn(OH)2 l hidroxit lng tnh
Phn li theo kiu baz: Zn(OH)2
Zn2+
+
2OH ZnO2Phn li theo kiu axit: Zn(OH)2
+
2H+
2
4. Mui
- Mui l hp cht khi tan trong nc phn li ra cation kim loi (hoc cation
NH+4 ) v anion l gc axit
NH+4 +
NO-3
- Th d:
NH4NO3
HCO-3
NaHCO3
Na+
+
III. S IN LI CA NC. pH. CHT CH TH AXIT - BAZ
Trng THPT Bn Ba
Thi Bnh
CHUYN 1: S IN LI
+
-14
1. iu kin xy ra phn ng
- Phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cc cht in li ch xy ra khi cc
ion kt hp li vi nhau to thnh t nht mt trong cc cht sau:
Cht kt ta:
BaCl2
+
H2SO4
BaSO4
+
2HCl
22+
SO4
Ba
+
BaSO4
Cht bay hi:
Na2CO3
+ 2HCl
2NaCl
+
CO2
+
H2 O
2+
CO3
+
2H
CO2
+
H2 O
Cht in li yu:
CH3COONa + HCl
CH3COOH
+
NaCl
+
CH3COO
+
H
CH3COOH
2. Bn cht phn ng
- Phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cc cht in li l phn ng gia cc
ion.
V. CC CNG THC KHI GII BI TP
[A] =
nA
V
Trong :
- [H ].[OH ] = 10
Trng THPT Bn Ba
Thi Bnh
-14
[H ] =
1014
[OH ]
CHUYN 1: S IN LI
B. PHN BI TP C BN
Cu 1. Vit PT in li ca cc cht sau:
a. HNO3, Ba(OH)2, NaOH, H2SO4, Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3, BaCl2, NaHCO3, H2S.
b. CuSO4, Na2SO4 , Fe2(SO4)3, NaHPO4, Mg(OH)2, CH3COOH, H3PO4, HF.
Cu 2. Vit PT phn t v ion rt gn ca cc phn ng (nu c) khi trn ln:
a. dd HNO3 v CaCO3
b. dd KOH v dd FeCl3
c. dd H2SO4 v dd NaOH
e. dd NaOH v Al(OH)3
g. dd NaOH v Zn(OH)2
d. dd Ca(NO3)2 v dd Na2CO3
f. dd Al2(SO4)3v dd NaOHva
h. Fe S v dd HCl
i. dd CuSO4 v dd H2S
k. dd NaOH v NaHCO3
l. dd NaHCO3 v HCl
m. Ca(HCO3)2 v HCl
Cu 3. Nhn bit dung dch cc cht sau bng phng php ha hc.
a. NH4NO3, (NH4)2CO3, Na2SO4, NaCl.
b. NaOH, NaCl, Na2SO4, NaNO3
c. NaOH, H2SO4, BaCl2, Na2SO4, NaNO3 (ch dng thm qu tm).
Cu 4. Vit phng trnh phn t ng vi phng trnh ion thu gn ca cc pt
2+
2a. Ba + CO3 BaCO3
b. NH+4 +OH- NH3 +H2O
c. S2- + 2H+ H2S
d. Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3
e. Ag+ + Cl- AgCl
f. H+
+ OH- H2O
Cu 5. Vit PT dng phn t v ion rt gn ca cc phn ng trong dung dch:
a. Pb(NO3)2 + ? PbCl2 +
?
b. FeCl3
+
? Fe(OH)3 + ?
c. BaCl2
+
? BaSO4 + ?
d. HCl
+
? ?
+ CO2 + H2O
e. NH4NO3 +
?
?
+ NH3 + H2O
f. H2SO4 +
?
?
+ H2 O
Cu 6. Tnh nng cc ion trong cc dung dch sau
a. dd NaOH 0,1M
b. dd BaCl2 0,2 M
c. dd Ba(OH)2 0,1M
Cu 7. Ha tan 20 gam NaOH vo 500 ml nc thu c dung dch A.
a. Tnh nng cc ion trong dung dch A.
Trng THPT Bn Ba
Thi Bnh
CHUYN 1: S IN LI
b. Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 2M trung ha dung dch A.
Cu 8. Trn 100 ml dung dch NaOH 2M vi 200 ml dung dch KOH 0,5M thu
c dung dch C.
a. Tnh nng cc ion trong dung dch C.
b. Trung ha dung dch C bng 300 ml dung dch H2SO4 CM. Tnh CM.
Cu 9. Trn 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M vi 100 ml dung dch H 2SO4 0,5M thu
c dung dch D.
a. Tnh nng cc ion trong dung dch D.
b. Cho dung dch D tc dng vi dung dch BaCl 2 d thu c m gam kt
ta. Tnh m.
Cu 10. Tnh pH ca cc dung dch sau
a. NaOH 0,001M
b. HCl 0,001M
c. Ca(OH)2 0,0005M
d. H2SO4 0,0005M
Cu 11. Trn 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M vi 300 ml dung dch HCl 0,2M thu
c dung dch A.
a. Tnh nng cc ion trong dung dch A.
b. Tnh pH ca dung dch A.
Cu 12. Trn 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0.1M vi 100 ml dung dch KOH 0.1M thu
c dung dch D.
a. Tnh nng cc ion trong dung dch D.
b. Tnh pH ca dung dch D.
c. Trung ha dung dch D bng dung dch H2SO4 1M. Tnh th tch dung
dch H2SO4 1M cn dng.
Cu 13. Hn hp dung dch X gm NaOH 0.1M v KOH 0.1M. Trn 100 ml dung
dch X vi 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 0.2M thu c dung dch A.
a. Tnh nng cc ion trong dung dch A.
b. Tnh pH ca dung dch A.
Cu 14. Dung dch X cha 0.01 mol Fe 3+, 0.02 mol NH4 , 0.02 mol SO24 v x mol.
NO3
a. Tnh x.
b. Trn dung dnh X vi 100 ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 0.3 M thu c m gam
kt ta v V lt kh (ktc). Tnh m v V.
Cu 15. Trn 100 ml dung dch FeCl3 0.1M vi 500 ml dung dch NaOH 0.1 M
thu c dung dch D v m gam kt ta.
a. Tnh nng cc ion trong D.
b. Tnh m.
Cu 16. Trn 50,0ml dd NaOH 0,40M vi 50,0 ml dd HCl 0,20M c dd A. Tnh
pH ca dd A
Cu 17. Trn ln 100ml dd HCl 0,03M vi 100 ml dd NaOH 0,01M c dd A.
Trng THPT Bn Ba
Thi Bnh
CHUYN 1: S IN LI
a. Tnh pH ca dd A.
b. Tnh th tch dd Ba(OH)2 1M trung ha dd A
Cu 18. Trn ln 100ml dd K2CO3 0,5M vi 100ml dd CaCl2 0,1M.
a. Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c.
b. Tnh CM cc ion trong dd sau phn ng.
Cu 19. Trn 50ml dung dch HCl vi 50ml dung dch NaOH c pH = 13 thu
c dung dch X c pH = 2. S mol ca dung dch HCl ban u l bao nhiu?
Cu 20. Chia 19,8 gam Zn(OH)2 thnh hai phn bng nhau:
a. Cho 150 ml dung dch H2SO4 1M vo phn mt. Tnh khi lng mui.
b. Cho 150 ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo phn hai. Tnh khi lng mui.
Trng THPT Bn Ba
Thi Bnh