NGUYEN KHANH DUY Ging vién Khoa Kinh t§ Phat Trién ‘Trung DH Kinh té TPHCM. BAI GIANG ; «___¢Ban thao Hin 1), eee THYC HANH MO HiNH CAU TRUC TUYEN TINH (SEM) VOI PHAN MEM AMOS equ isss232 ‘= 1007 Pal 00 (Oniaqueeit= 1 585, Tue 815 cri at c (ans Thing 5/2009 (=F KUONG DAI HOC KINH TE TP.HCM, (Lara hinh ngi b9)LOINOI DAU (6 hinh cu tric tuyéa tinh (SEM) duge céc nha nghién citu trén thé giéi sit dung tt rit liu. 6 Vigt Nam, khoding tir nim 2000 tra Iai diy, SEM a duge nhiéu nha nghin edu sir dung trong céc céng trinh nghién citu hin lim, eing ahu céc nghiéa ciu img dung phye vu ‘ede chuong trinh tu van doanh nghigp, tts van chinh sich cho cdc Tinhithanh pho. Gin diy, vige hoe tép / Ap dung mé hinh edu trie tuyén tinh (SEM) néi rigng cong ‘hu ede ky thuat phan tich dinh Iwong n6i chung trong kinh té, quan tr kinh doanb, tai chinh- ngan hang ... duge dong dao ban tré gdm sinh vién dai hge, hoe vién cao hoe, nghién eiru sinh quan tim dé gia quyétt6t nhdt nhtmg myc tiéu nghign eiru da dt ra, Bai ging nay nhdm hé trg céc ban bude dau tiép cfm SEM duréi gée 46 thye hanh voi phin mém AMOS duge dé ding hon, nhanh chong hon ma trade mit ki fim ti ligu hoc tp ‘mang tinh truc quan phue vu eho chuong trinh boi dug cit nhan tai nang do Doin Khoa XKinh t phat ign ~ Truomg DH Kinh t€ TPHCM 6 chit (chi dé nay ige trong 2 bud), hay cc khoa dio tao ngin han tai Trung tim Tu vin doanh nghigp va Phat trién kinh t& ving vé Phan tich dir ligu va dy béo trong kinh doanh. Bén canh d6, trong qui trinh hoc tap, cée ban sinh vién/ hoc vign s& durge phat eéc tai ligu doc vé mat ly thuyét SEM, céc bai béo khoa hoc, cng trinh nghign cizu c6 ap dung SEM bing tiéng Anh’ tiéng Vigt kha Do SEM kha phite tap dui g6e d6 todn hoe va trinh 46 cua tée gid cOn han ché nén nnhiing sai s6t trong qué trinh bién sogn 14 Khé c6 thé trinh khéi, Tée gid rt mong nha duce su ding g6p ¥ kién, phé binh cua ban doc dé quyén bai gidng nay trong Hin tai ban tiép theo ‘sé duge hodn thign hon, mang Iai nhiéu Ii ich hon cho ban doe xa gin. Thu gop ¥ xin gui ve: Neguyén Khinh Duy ‘Khoa Kinh té Phat trién — Truong DH Kinh té TPHCM. Dia chi: 1A Hoang Digu—Quén Phi Nhugn - TPHCM Email: khanhduy@ueh edu.vn hoe nkduy2002@iyahoo.com ign thoai: 098.900.1766 ___ Mong ring ban dge sé tiép tye dén niin nhimng quyén sich tt hon lién quan dén chit 4 kinh té Iugng, phan tich dir ligu & dur béo nang cao do céc dng nghigp & t6i bién soan (@icoc xudt bin chink thiee) trong tuomg lai “Xin chan thinh cim on va chite efe ban thanh cOng! TP.H8 Chi Minh, thing $n 2009 Tie gia ‘Nguyén Khanh DuyLOI CAM ON ‘Tai ligu he tip nly khGng dd sO va chit ch® nur nhitng quyén sich khéc, boi n6 durge viét dudi g6e 49 tre quan, tmg dung... Né duoe hodin thanh trong thoi gian rat ngdin nhdim phuc vy true mit cho chong trinh béi duémg cir nhan tai ning do Doan Khoa Kinh t& Trién t6 chit, cing nhw cde khod hoe ngin han vé “Phan tich do ligu va dy bio trong kinh. doanh”. Tuy vay, quyén bai ging nay cing lé mot két qua cia stich Iuy lau di tir trong qua trinh hoc tap, giang day, céng vigc, nghién ci ti tude ti nay. Vai qua trinh dy, te gid di duge su hé tre tin tinh eda quy thay c6 gido, ban be, cde em sinh vién, va nhimg nguési than ‘rong gia dink Nam 2004, khi AMOS, ti igu vé SEM edn rit hiém; 06 Trin Kim Dung, thy Dinh ‘Thai Hoang (Khoa QTKD, Khoa Tosn-Théng Ké-DH Kinh ie TPHCM) 2 giéi thigu, khuyén idm c6 lign quan. Nho si giép d cia qui thy e6 mi vige tim higu vé SEM cia ti nhimg ‘thoi gian dau rit thudn Igi. Toi xin duge gar loi cam on dén Thiy Neuyén Hifu Lam; thay di nhigt finh hung din lun vin tot nghigp bic thac si — nig i du no cg “SEM that don gin!’ vvign ching t6i tim toi imu cba thay 18 hig ti liga rét quy cho nhing nguii lam Marketing hay bat eir ai dang lam nghién eiru nginh quan tri kinh doanh, va nhimg ai tim hiéu vé SEM... Thai gian hoc tap 6 bac, dai hoe, sau dai hge ¢6 biét bao ky nigm véi ban bé, va sy tri an cua hoe vién ching t6i voi tat ca quy thy ¢6 d3 tham gia ging day. Ti mun duge git Iai cém on eta minh Hoang Trong vi nhiing quyén sich vé phan tich dit ligu bing SPSS mi thiy di tham gia bign soan (tir 1997 dén nay). N6 la ating tai ligu thét quy gid 46i véi 16i ofing niu nbing ben dam mé, hay muén tim hiéu v8 phan tich dir ligu trong nghién ctru; that khong ngér quyén sich dau tién ca thay (viét cing ‘Gi thiy V8 Vin Huy, c6 V6 Thj Lan) ma t6i ng nhién tim duge é nha sich khi méi bude chin vio gidng duimg dai hoc 3 huéng toi dén vige Lim nhiéu nghién edu Khoa hoc véi phurong phip dinh lung khi cin li sinh vien, ‘Toi xin duge chan thinh cim om thiy Nguyn Trong Hoii, Thy Cao Ho Thi di ta0 digu kign h6 tro, dong vin, ining din t6i trong céng viée gidng day vé phan tich dinh Iuong, tir nhing ngiy du mia thu nim 2007 & chuong trinh ging day Kinh té Fulbright. “Xin giti dén Thu Huomg léi cim on chin thinh vi rit nhigu digu, ban di déng hank, chia sé, hé tr t6i trong suét thi’ gian hoc tap/ nghién edu & bile dg hoc, sau dai hoe “Xin cdm om nhiing ban dng nghigp: anh Quée Duy, anh Thanh Binh, anh Thanh Vii va nhiing ngudi ban khée lon hd trg, dong vign, trao déi, chia sé nhiing kién thir, kinh nghigm ve phan tich di igu, eding nhur ho trg toi trong eng vige, trong nghién ett Quyén bai ging niy viét ra chi yéu dinh cho céc ban sinh vién dai hoe ‘quan tr, Cling nhd sy ham hoe tip, sy kit khao him phé va nhiing tinh cam tét dep ma cée ban sinh vign dai hoc (ma tdi c6 dip gdp e6 4 Tring DH Kinh t8 TPHCM, Tru’mg DH Ngoai Thuong (CS2), Truémg BH Ngin Hing TPHCM, chuong trinh dio tao dic bigt cia ‘Trong DH Mé TPHCM) da danh cho t6i tong thoi gian qua 48 gitp t8i ludn e6 nhimng niém, ‘vui trong céng vige, va nghién etru, Xin chan thanh cm om céc ban!Bai ging nay cfing hurémg dén nhigu di tuong ban doc khac, dic biét hung dén cic bn sinh vidn Khoa Kink té phit trién dang tham dy lop bdi duéng cit nhin tai ning do Doan chic. Lop hoc nay khé e6 thé thanh céng néu khong duge su hé tro, tao digu kid it nhigu thay c® gio, cia céc ban trong ban 16 chi cfc anh chi em phéng quan tj thet chic hanh chinh, phong cdng nghé théng tin, phong diéu phi ging dmg ~ thi khod bidu, chi dodn, chi hi, ban cén su cée lop va sy né lye cia timg ban sinh vién. Cac vi du trong quyén bai giang may; céic bai tip/ tinh huéng kém theo va cde quyén sich trong tuong lai sé c6 nhimg chat ligu, nguén dir ligu tr ede nghién citu khéng chi cia ti, ‘ma can cia céc ban be, cia cée ban sinh vién, cing nhur rit nhieu téc gid khéc. Xin chén thinh cam om ban Nguyén Thj My Thun, ban Mai Thuy Ninh, anh Vo Dire Tho, anh Lé Van Khoa ... v8 nhig dir ligu ma cde ban, cée anh di kho sit rit eng phu. Xin cim om cée téc git cia ce quyén sich, tap chi, bai viet... ma t6i da tham khao; vi sy dam mé vi nghién cira nghiém tic cia ho da gitp ti hiéu r9 hon va nhanh hon nhimg vin dé chura biét. Xin cém on anh Pham Dire Kj va thiy Bai Nguyén Hing 6 Khoa Quin ly céng nghigp ~ DH Bich Khoa ‘TPHCM vé céc bai viet ma quyén bai gidng nay da gidi thigu trong phy Ive dé cée ban sinh vvign tham khao them. (Cudi cing, ti khng quén gi loi cdm om chin thinh dn b6, me, em Khanh Hing vi hig ngur thn vé ttc Neuyén Khinh DuyMyc Lyc Lei néi di Loi céim on Mue luc 1. Trao d6i v6i ede ban sinh vién lép boi dutng ctr nha tai ning & ‘216i thigu m6 inh cdu tric tuyén tinh (SEM), phn mém AMOS. 2. Phan tich nhin t6 khdm phi (EFA_ Exploratory Factor Analysis) 3. Phan tich nhan t6 khang dinh (CFA_Confirmatory Factor Analysis) 4. Mé hinh edu trie (SEM_Structural Equation Modeling) 5. Kiém dinh Bootstrap .... 6. Phan tich cfu tre da nhom Loi két Tai ligu tham khéo Phu tue Trang wld 20 48 371. TRAO DOL VGI CAC BAN SINH VIEN LGP BOI DUONG CU’ NHAN TAI NANG & GIOI THIRU VE SEM, PHAN MEM AMOS Tit diu hoe ky déa nay, lep ching ta d& hoc v8 céo chi d& Tw duy sing tpo (Thy Nguyén Hoing Bao, trong 3 budi), phucmg php nghién ciru nang cao ~ di siu vo khung, phin tich vi nghign eu din tinh. (Thay Tran Tin Khai, rong 2 budi), MB hinh Logit (Thay Luong Vinh Quée Duy, trong 1 budi), Cée chi 48 eta kinh t& Iugmg tai chinb va dy ‘bio ning cao ARIMA, SARIMA, ARCH-GARCH ... (hiy Phing Thanh Bink, trong 4 bbudip, Phan tich kj thuat (Thiy V6 Thanh Son, trong 2 budi). Cd Truong Cong Thanh Nghj 3 chia sé véi céc ban vé kinh nghigm lam nghién ciru, va giGi thigu cde giai thuong. nghién ciru khoa hoc sinh vién, kinh nghigm hoc tp cla mt tha khoa dau vao cling nu dau ra Khoé 28 cia trrdmg DH Kinh té TPHCM; anh Hodng Anh (Ké hogch du tw K31) d8 chia sé kinh nghigm cua anh trong vige hge tép eta mot ngwdi doi trueng dat gid dt eude thi “Kinh té hoe ~ tim nhin ban va t6i” — cudc thi do Khoa KTPT chiing ta t6 chite voi hom 5000 thi sinh ti 11 trumg di hoc & phia Nam - cing nhur nhiing nghién ecu ma anh dang n6 Iye', ‘anh Nguyén Ngoc Dank cing da trao d6i véi cde ban vé nghién ciru ciia anh vé site koe tre ‘em véi phuong php 2SLS (la lun vin tt nghiép chuong trinh cao hoc Vigt Nam-Ha Lan cia anh Dan) . Bén can dé, nhiing ban sinh vign Iép nhin lye, mét s6 ban lap KHDT, Thim dink ‘if cfing di timg nghe néi vé SEM ciing nhur biét duge sir pho bign cba n6 trong cae nghién ‘atu khi tham dir budi bio cdo chuyén dé “Ung dung phuong phép dinh luong trong nghién cu quin tr nguba nhin Iye vi inh vi tb che” do cb Trin Kim Dung bio céo. Sing ray, ‘vA chidu nay, mbt ngdy chi mht, ching ta s& tim higu nhng vin a quan trong nhit, co ban hit cia SEM, CFA... va thir tim hiéu xem nguéi ta da vin dung n6 trong nghién ciru vé quan tr, Marketing, nhan lye, hanb vi trong Hinh vue tai chinh — chimg khogin, tim IY hoe .. 46 khu vue tr cling nine khu vue céng nh thé nao dé ti 46 cée ban 06 thé ty hoe sau hom ve SEM va vin dung m9t cdch sing tao vio ning nghién edu ma efc ban dang dp ui. Gidy ra cchoi sang nay, Anh Hoang Nam (Sachvang), 1a admin va cing la ging vién tre cia Khoa ‘Quain tri Kinh Doan s@ gidi thigu véi cdc ban Forum eaohockinhte.info la mot dign din rat hndp din va s6i dng cia eng ding cao hoe kinh té 6 Vigt Nam, va trén dy eting c6 mot myc «anh riéng cho cée ban sinh vign dai hoe yéu thich hoat dng nghién ettu khoa hoe (mye Cit vi thac si ta nang tirong lai. Trong nhimg nim gin diy, khéng chi nhiéu nguoi nghién citu trén thé giéi va Vist Nam o6 ip dung SEM? (Ciic ban xem them trong phu lu, tai lieu phat, cdc fle da gti qua email. vé nghién ciru cia thiy Nguyén Bink Tho, cé Mai Trang, e6 Kim Dung, nghién exw clta ti, va nghién ciru cia cdc tée gid khvic) ma mt s6 ban sinh vien dai hoc, hoc vign cao "Ti ngiy ma, hil (11/509), 4 an the lip ching ta (Hing ~ NLKC32, Phuomg — BDSK32, Hai & Cn ‘TDG K32) sé li ti dai dign cho tring ta tham gia ving chung KE ease thi “Nh kinh #8 twong li" do tnwing bon ~ DH Ngo Theong (CS2) to che igi Nhs ho thanh sin. Tuy ming quant kinh dognh ‘hng phi thé gn cua oc ban SV koa KPT, nag ham ga cage hi ny cig a mat mi tg hoe tp, rén luyén, thé hign ban than, va giao lau! Chie ec ban fy may min, vu, vi hoe tp uve nhigw dieu D6 fehl 76 do ahi ayn thé cho lp vé mots chi A Khe na, nhs ang ci 8 ny chi 6 mt vl shim st dong vi mit kh bi th gin Ki righ bay rn lp: Mo hin Bg phon ind gt 58 in 0 sir dung trong dy bo céc chi tgu vi m6), Kinh tf lng v6 a ligu bing (Nm ben Mann Ding, Thanh Hing, ‘Thanh Typ Th di i 32), Khai dhe Hu VELSS wh phn ty STATA hin ca Te ‘Hing vé bat bink ding rong th ahp~ KHDT K32, Nhom ban Khvone lop Nhin le K32).. ee bag othe liga ng wi 6s qu email, hoc tao dite ip pong gio viém HIOS wo ta thi dm hing tin abn vin & ny. Vat cing bit, lp tae Kha ming ty hoe rt cao!hhge efing da ép dung SEM trong nghién eiru cia ho. Hai ban sinh vién dgi hoc Khoé 31 ma. {i 66 dip hudng din ciing di sir dung trong vige do lumg chit luong dich vu khach san 6 ‘Nha Trang (khéo sit cd Khéch du lich qué té va khich trong nu6c), cdc yéu t6 tao déng lye lim vige cho c6ng nhan 6 cc Khu céng nghigp tai TPHCM, Binh Duong. Nam ngoai, mot bon sinh vidn 6 Truong DH Kinh té - BH Da Ning ciing di sir dung trong @3 tai NCKHT sinh ‘vign cia ban, va ti biét nhiéu ban sinh vign khée cing da kim, sé kim. AMOS duge vidt tit tir Analysis of MOment Structures (Phin tich céu trie m6 ming). Phin mém nay ding 48 thuc hign mét phwong phép chung trong phan tich di igu la Structural Equation Modeling (SEM_mé hinh cau trie tuyén tinh). SEM cing ¢6 ning tén goi khic nh Analysis of Covariance Structures (Phan tich cau tric higp phuong sai), hay Causal Modeling (m6 hinh nhin qua). Trén diving lén tham quan bie tueng Chia giang tay & ‘thanh phd bién Vung Tau (Mui Nghinh Phong), ban sé thay mot hinh anh cua vi thénh cting 6 tén li AMOS! ‘Ban hay xem qua mét vi du vé CFA. Pont & Quilken (2002) da Kkhdo sit. 348 khach hing & céc ngan hing va sir dung phan tich nin t6 khiing djnh (vids tt la CFA, Xem Hinh LI ~ edi so dé “ling nhing” vai may edi méc hai dé & trén) dé kiém dinh thang do chit lurgng dich vu ngin hing (BANKSERV) do Avkiran dé xuit nam 1994 6 nue Uc (ké thita 17 item do huing chat hong dich vu ngdn hing cia Avkiran'). Trong phn tich nhin 16 hing dinh, Pont vi Quilken da chi ra ring thang do nay hign nay khéng phi hop, vi Chi square=419,15; P0.001 (0.05), df = 113, CMIN/df3.7 (2), Céc chi tigu TLIH0.86, (CFI-0.88, GFI-0.87 (du <0.9)? ‘Tuy nhién, Theo ban vi sao két qua lai nhw thé? Lam thé nao dé tt hon? (ban hay doe k¥ lai nghién citu etia Pont va Quilken trong file da giti vo email chung!) Ban c6 thay ring: nim 2002, Pont & Quitken (ed 18 2 ban nay dang li hoe vién saw gi hoc) 4p dung y nguyén thang do BANKSERY do Avkiran dé xudt ti nam 1994 ma khong 6 str digu chinh nao ea? Pont king bo sung bién quan sit nio, khéng higu chinh gi, khéng. EFA lai... Khong cdin Lim nghién ciru may efing biét ld dp dung y nguyén thi né sé khong edn phi hgp, boi qua théi gian moi digu da thay doi. Trong CFA, ban cling c6 thé cé each higu chinh mé hinh, cai thign mite 4 phi hyp véi thi trong bing cach thém céc twomg quan gitra sai sb... Trong CFA ta edn quan tim dén nhigu diéu kha nial " Avkiran, NIK, (1999), Developing an instrument to measure customer service quality in branch banking, Intemation Jounal of Banking Marketing, 12 6), 10-18, * Ban hay dé ¥ ning ding thie duge in dim trong ngofe dom, néu cic chi tiéu toons img roi vio trong hop ‘hu vay thi m6 hinh do Iueng (hay m6 hinh nghién eit me ban s® tiép cB sau nay) KhOag ph hyp voi th ‘mingHinh 1.1 oa Lagat oe cp donee Loma eae Es 10+ tormes S; rycen sb on 19 {save sp — em Teenenen <> ae — <> ate Cac bién trong so dd ten duge gi thich nh sau Table 1: BANKSERV - Operationlisation of Service Quality Dimension 1 - Staff Conduct: Responsiveness, civilize conduct and presentation of branch staff that wil project a professional image tothe customers. 1. "Willingness of branch staff to help me” is [betp} 2. "Prompness of service from branch staf” is [prompt] 3. “Branch staff greeting me when it's my tum to be served” is [eet] 44. “Expression of genuine concern if there ie amistake in my account” ie [concern] 5. "Politeness of branch stall" is [polite] 6. “Neat appearance of branch staf is [neataess} 7. “Ability of branch staff to apologise for a mistake” is [apology] Dimension 2 - Credibility: Maintaining staf-customer trust by ectfying mistakes, and keeping customers informed. '8, “Branch staff keeping me informed about matters of concern to me" is [informed] 9. “Ability of branch staff put a mistake right” is [mistake] 10, “Feeling of security in my dealings with the branch staff” is [secusity} Dimension 3 - Communications: Falfillin banking needs of customers by successfully communicating financial advice and serving timely notices. 11. "Branch staff helping me lear how to keep down my banking costs"is [learn] 12. “Branch staffs knowledge of bank's services and products” is Dnowlede} 13. “Quality of advice given abour managing my finances" ie [advice] 14. "Branch staff eling me about the different types of accounts and investments available" [ncetypes] 15. “Branch sta telling me when services will be performed” is [erewhen) Dimension 4 Access to Teller Services: The adequacy ofthe number of staff serving customers throughout business hours and during pea hours. 16. "Number of open tellers during the busy hours ofthe day” is [eles] 17. "Number of staff behind the counter serving customers” is [staff (Avkiran, 1994, p15)Trong chi d& niy, nguti ta khing chi nghi dén vige kiém dinh mé hinh do lun thong qua CFA, mi digu quan tim hon nifa la xiy dung, kiém dinh mé hink nghién citw ‘thng qua m6 hinh nbn qua, hay thuémg goi ld. mé hinh edu tre (SEM). ‘Chi Mai Thuy Ninh (sinh vign dgi hoc ngiinh ké hogch dau tr Khod 31 ma ti may ‘min ¢6 dip hudng dn) dang lim dé tai tt nghigp vé dénh gi mire d6 thoa man cia khach du lich 46i voi chat lung dich vu khch san tai thanh pho Nha Trang. Ninh di phat trién thang do chit luong dich vy khich sqn (Qualification of Hotel Service) cia Saleh and Ryan (1990) vv thang do chat Ingng dich vu du lich cia Kanampully (2001) v6i mot hu vi tr, théng tin, va quan tim dén yéu té gid cd. Khao sit 107 khach du lich quée té va 73 kkhich noi dia, sau khi EFA, Ninh da lam CFA va dat yéu edu, sau 46 thye hign mo hinh céty tric d8 xem xét anh hutmg cia chit lugng, vj tr, gid ca ...dén sy thod man va long trung, ‘than thi mt két qué ban dau nhur Hinh 1.2: Ban nhgn xét so-bg gi ve mite 49 phi hgp cin ma hinh? C6 eich nao dé cai thign mo hinh duge t6t hon? ~ Ban sé nhjin dinh ring m6 hinh nay churat6t, chura phi hop phai khéng? Bing thé! = Cé nhigu céch thie dé higu chinh mé hinh. Vi dy nu: thém vio céc hg s6 twong quan gira cic sai s6; digu chinh méi quan hé git céc khai nigm; bo bot mot s6 bién quan sit, mot s6 khdi nigm trong m6 hinh nghién cizu khéng dat yéu cu; thye hign Iai cde phan tich trée 46 - EFA. = Con cfch nio khéc nita khéng? Khi tOi dang viét bai gidng nay, cdc em e6 biét chi Ninh dang lim gi khéng? Mic dit chuyén dé tot nghigp 48 xong, chi cing dang chuin bi dé bio v2, ‘va tham gia dé tai NCKH sinh vién, md hinh a tam duge (Khéing phai la m6 hinh nue Hink 1,2), nhung chj dang trén chuyén tiu vé Nha Trang 8 Kho sét thém khoang 100 khach que 18, 100 khdch ndi dia nifa tai cde khach san, phing ché 6 san bay, mot s6 khu du ljeh va chit ‘trong hon chat lung ciia cude phéng van... ngoai ra, chi cling ché trong thém vé khio sit inh tinh, Tai nght, e6 Ie chj ay mudn khim phé, vi Khing djnh mot dieu gi dé, muon déng ‘26p mot dieu gi 46 e6 ¥ nghia, mudn nghién edu nay khong chi b6 vao trong thu vign dé cde {khod sau tham Kho, hay chi dng trén cée tap chi han Lim! "Mf hin hd ign ee quan Bg twong quan, va quan hg hin qui gia ce kh nig. NS thuing dupe bit én bis, phony rnchi-square= 2406.583 ; df= 534 ; chi-squarel 811 tl rmsea= .140 ‘Sau khi hoe xong chi dé nay, ban sé khong chi c6 nhimng hiéu biét can ban vé mé hin cfu tric, nkiing theo tic trén AMOS, md cin giip ban biét cich xy dung, higu chinh, hodn chinh mo hinh. Va ban e6 ii kién thire nén tang dé c6 thé dé ding hiéu duge céc nghién cira (c6 ap dung SEM) ma cée tée gid trong va ngoai nude da lam! Diéu nay gidp ban di nhanh, ‘va'xa hon trong tiép on nbing tri thite m6i, va tgo ra tri tite m6i trong khoa hc. 10‘Trong gin 100 em dang hge & day, d8 ti cia nhém em nio c6 thé sp dyng CFA, SEM? Di nin, sé e6 nhigu em c6 thé kim duge, va nhiéu d8 tai ¢6 thé sit dung SEM, béi hc em hoe lop niy ld 48 lim tit hon cfc nghiga cir mé cdc em dang lam, 4& ding gp mot dibu gi dé c6 § nghia cho xi hi ngay trong khoang thoi gian o giing during dai hgc, vA cchuin bj hinh trang cho cng vigc/hge tip sau khi t8t nghigp dai hoc! Vi dy nhiing dé ti cia mét sO nhom: chat hrgng dich vu bénh vign, ky tic xd, may ban hing ty dng, dich vu van ‘aj hanh khich cia tau Théng Nhit, dich vu gio dye; dng lye lim vige eta nhin vién trong, ‘khu vue c6ng, yéu t6 inh hong dén két qua lam vige cia nbin vién, xu hudng mua, hanh vi ‘eta nha dau te trén thj trudng chimg khodn, van hod t6 chite, phong cach lanh dao ...'. Mot s6 nm sir dung kinh & lugng v6i dd Ligu bang (nhur dé tai ede yu 15 anh ng 4dén FDI vio ede quée gia dang phat trien), hay 42 tai 4p dung ky thudt kinh té Iuong truyén ‘thing (wc lurong TFP, céc yéu t6 téc dng dén thu nhap cia lao dng tré 6 Vigt Nam...), KF thugt dy bdo vdi ARIMA, SARIMA, VAR, ARCH-GARCH (dur bio gi vang, khiich du lich, FDI trong béi canh khiing hoang... kiém dinh tinh higu qua cia thi trrong chimg khodn, th ‘rudmg ving ...) hay chi dp dung thong ké mé ta... ciing dimg lo ling, va hay tiep tuc hoan thign nghién ecu theo hung 46! Phuong phip nghién cru nao, phuong phip phan tich dit ligu nao...tit cd chi la ch thc, céng cu dé cdc em dat doe muc tiéu nghién eiru! Vin dé ‘quan trong li lua chon phutomg php phit hgp dé dat durge myc tiéu ma théi! ‘Thoi gian gin day, trong mé¢ budi hudn luygn vé phan tich di ligu véi SPSS cho cic ban SV nghién city khoa hoc cia Khoa Thuong Mai ~ Du Lich ~ Marketing do Doan Khoa ‘ben Ay t6 chite, mt nhém ban sinh vién c6 trao dai véi t8i vé nghign cima su thea min cia Khiich hing di xe bus véi mé hinh Kano (sit dung EFA, va thong ke mé ta)... Hay mot s6 ban sinh vién 6 cée Khoa trong traémg ching ta tham gia koa hudn luyén ve phan tich dt liga nghién ci v6i SPSS do Doan Trung t6 chirc cing trao déi vé nhiimg nghién eifu: Cae yeu 16 anh hudng dén tinh hinh phé sin (anh Bao - Khoa TCDN, dp dung phan tich phan bigo, ‘ec y&u t6 anh hudng dén xéec suit roi vao tinh hinh ng xéu cba cdc doanh nghigp (anh Thanh — Khoa TCDN, ap dung Logit) dé tai vé ngan hing dign tir (EFA, Héi quy), Marketing dia phuong (anh Chinh ~ Khoa KTPT, ép dung Théng ké mo ta, nghign ciu dink tinh), dinh vi ‘thwong higu Vinh Tién (chj Phuong Linh, khoa KTPT, ép dung EFA, Héi quy, MDS) ... ahiéu ban bé (Khoa 32), edc anh chi sinh vign (Khoa 31) trong trudng cing dang lam nghign eifu nbur ee em! Mit ggi ¥ nghign edu din cho cée ban sinh vién ké hogch du tu, bit dng sin, thim din gi, Hay xem qua bai viét “Investment Management and personality type” ciia Mayfield, Perdue, Wooten vira ding trén tap chi Financial Service Review, s6 17 nim 2008 (da dirge i qua email). Hinh 1.3 thé bign mt mé hinh ma ede tée gia da lam 6 Hoa Ky. Cac ban thir nghién ciru van dé nay & Vigt Nam! M@t mot ngan hang ¢6 mé sin giao dich ving cling dat hang (Oi nghién efru hank vi cia cic nha du tw tren thj trudmg ving & Vig« Nam, ede ban thir ‘xem xem ligu ring nghién ettu cla Mayfield & ctg (2008) nay e6 hé trg gi khong? " Ching ta cdn nh vio ita thing 6/2008, Doin Khoa KTPT s& chi hi thio Khoa hoe vé “Cie vind ‘int X@ hpi ea Vigt Nam va the gi qua phn sch nh yng”, mi ng Bo fo, ng tbam dy chin cic em, vi mts ban sin vs NCKH cin Ka fn, emg Ban, vi ge anh chi Kh 31 IHinh 1.3 28 . Mayfield G, Perdue, K. Wooten / Financial Services Review 17 (2008) 219-236 606399 650 0708) @ Fie 2. Shostterm investment intentions. (Vasandarlzed regression coeficints are shown in parentheses.) ‘M6 hinh trén e6 Chi-square=183.63, df=141, P=0.009; GFI=0.91, CFI-0.95 ‘Trong mé hinh nhimg yéu t6 anh huong dén ¥ dinh daw tw ngin han trén (ben canh 46, cde te gia cling nghién ciru m6 hinh doi véi y dinh dau ty dai han), m6t s6 bién quan sit d& do Ludng cede khdi nig duge trinh bay é trang 13 RBig five personality measures (revised scales) Neuroticism 1 often feel inferior to others When I'm under a great deal of stress, sometimes I feel like I'm going to pieces. often feel tense and jittery, Sometimes I feel completely worthless. Too ofien, when things go wrong, I get discouraged and fee! i ving up. Extraversion 1. really enjoy talking to people. 2. Loften feel as if I'm bursting with energy 3. Lam a cheerful, high-spirited person. 4. Tam a very active person. Openness to experience |. Tam intrigued by the patterns I find in art and nature, 2. Loften try new and foreign foods. 3 have ite interest in peclting om the mature if the universe or he human conditio 4. Thhave a Jot of intellectual curiosity 5. often enjoy playing with theories or abstract ideas. Agreeableness 1 often get into arguments with my family and co-workers.' ‘Some people think I'm selfish and egotistical.' ‘Some people think of me as cold and ealculating.! 1 generally try to be thoughtful and considerate. Par Conscientiousness he 1 keep my belongings neat and clean. 'm pretty good about pacing myself so as to get things done on time. 1 waste a lot of time before settling down to work." ‘Sometimes I'm not as dependable or reliable as I should be.! Tever seem to be able to get organized, "Mtems are reverse scored. sms used 10 measure investment intentions Short-term investment intentions 1. Lintend to invest in an IRA every year. 2. intend to put atleast half of my investment money into the stock market 3. Limtend to engage in portfolio management activities at least twice per week. 4. intend to perform my own investment research instead of using outside advice, 5. intend to compare my portfolio performance to that of professional managers. 1B‘Trong bai hge nay, c6 1 vi du xuyén sudt; ching ta sé six dung dir ligu ma chi Nguyén ‘Thj Mf Thug! Khio sit dé phe vy cho dé tai NCKH sinh vign eb chj d& lim vi dy phn ‘ich, Dé t4i cua chj Thudn sit dung ede c6ng ey phan tich EFA, Cronbach's Alpha, Regression (ce chit dé nay céc ban déu dai dugc hoc trong mén phan tich dit ligu va dur bio). Va bay gid, ‘cc ban hy thir pt trién hém bing eich sir dung CFA, SEM xem thé mio! Tinh hudng don iin va gin gi nay s® giép ban dé hiéu hon v8 CFA, SEM ~ véi céc thao téc chinh trén AMOS. Nhimg tinh hudng v6i cdc m6 hinh rit phite tap khéic ma ban sé tim hiéu, sé im dduge sau nay eiing tuomg ty nhur thé thei! 2, PHAN TICH NHAN TO KHAM PHA (Nhe lai so luge vi da hoc) Bing cau hoi cia chj Thugn (vem phu luc) dya twén nghién ctu ciia Dung (2005) 43 hhigu chinh cho Vigt Nam. Tir nghién edu dinh tinh, chj Thuan 43 higu chinh mot s6 bién quan sat (Item), bo di mt so Item khong phi hgp véi nhin vin trong inh ve Tai ehinh- ngin hing, bat dng sin, dng nghé thong tin (nhimg nginh mai nhgn cia TPHCM) ma ehj dang quan tim... Chj Thugn da phai EFA Igi, vi ciu trie ciia thang do trong tinh budng ciia chj Thugn chua chic 4a giéng véi nghién ciru trude cha Dung va Nam (2005), va di nhién 6 thé cing. khong gidng véi ket qua nghién ciu cia Stanton va Crossley (2000) cfing nhur eiia Crossman va Bassem (2003) mi Dung da ké thi, Chj Thun voi myc tiéu la sau EFA sé chay Regression vi thé khi EFA. cho thang do JDI (Thoa min cia nhin vién véi dng vige) chi cé thé sir dung phuomg phép Principal Components v6i phép xoay Varimax eting duge. Con ban, sau EFA bgn s8 lim tiép CFA va SEM nén rit quan tim dén edu trite cia thang do, céc Khai rnigm sau khi rit rac6 th8 twong quan véi nhau, va ciing rét quan tim dén su phan bigt 18 ring gira cdc nhan t6, Vi vay ban nén lim EFA véi nhimg d6i mei sau: ‘© Sir dung phuong phap trich Principal Axis Factoring véi phép xoay Promax? Quan tim dén tiéu chun’; [Factor Loading] lon nhat ctia méi Item >=0.5 Quan tam dén tigu chun: Tai méi Item, chénh Igch [Factor Loading) Ién ahit va [Factor Loading) bit ky phai >0.3 labnoun & Al-Tamimi, 2003) ‘Téng phuong sai trich >=50%% (Gerbing & Anderson, 1988) KMO>=0.5, Kiém dinh Bartlett c6 y nghia théng ké (Sig<0.05)* 4. Khéi nigm sy thod man cia mhan vien vai cing vige " Ch Thug asin vitn khod 30 nginh Kéhogeh du tr khow KTPT (id i budng dln 2 i NCKH sinh vim, chi Thuan cing li in eh hi pho hoi sinh visa oa Khoa KTPT, di ein ch dat pti Khuyén khich ep BS ‘Hig nay chi Thuan dra terns duge Im va dang lim vge tai ngin hing ACB, 2 Theo Gerbing & Anderson (1988), Phuong phip tich Principal Axis Factoring v6i phép xoay Promax. (Oblique) 58 phan th clu ie A ig ehinh x4¢ hom phurmg php tech Principal Components wi Phép xoay Varimiax (Orthogonal) Theo Hair & etg (1998.111), Factor loading 1a chi eu dé dim bio mie ¥ neha thi tye cia BRA, (ensuring practical significance), Factor loading > 0.3 age xem I dat dage mae ti thigu, Factor loading > 0.4 duge xem fi quan tong, 20.5 dss xem Th e6 ¥ nghathye tn, Hair & etg (1998, 111) cng Khuyén ban doe ni sau: né chon teu chudn factor loading > 0.3 thi cd mf eda ban it nhit phi 350, néu mu cba ‘ban khoing 100 thi nén chon tgu ehugn factor loading > 0.55, néa c0 miu eda ban Khodng 50 thi Factor loading phi > 0.75 “KMO limit chi tu ing 48 xem xét sy thich hop ede EFA, 0.5 duge dat tén li “Lanh dao” hin «6 2: gdm prom1-prom4 > “Thang tién” ‘Nha t6 3: gdm cowl-cow3 > “Dong nghigp” "han t6 4: g6m pay4, payS, ben4 > “Iuomg-thusmg” ‘hn t6 5: gdm ben2, ben3 > “bio hiém” ‘Nhéin t6 6: gdm work1-work4 > “ban chat cdng vige” 7Total Variance Explained Iriel Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Savared Loasinos Fcor_[Fetar [3% ot variance | cumulative ve Total | 01 Varianco| Cumulatwo % | Tota 737] s6809] 680) 7016] ss0s0] _asoao] __sz1d +200 940i] 46.200) 1.726 esx] asi] sad 1.782 8.755) 55.040) 1.42) zise] 50849) sans 1512 7580] 62600] 1.167 sa6] 56.85, 3.80) 1.259 704] 68.400) 1.020 510] ot 700) 21d 1.067 sss ara] 719 65352 4504 7 asi] 70349] Téng phuong sai 504 zezi] —at.tee| | trich’ hay tong ‘sar 2680] aa.eso| | bien thién duge fo | fe) sand ne] | i bs | Se] serdar 2 395] 1.973) 90.146] fe | oq tan] ar fe | So) tao} on fs | oq tax] al fe | 2x] tan] cl fe | se] ‘anf en bo | oa] tal Eonar aS a. When factors ar correlated, sums of squared loadings cannol be added to obiain total KMO and Bartlett's Test Hai bing trén cho ban nhdn xét gi? ~ Téng phurong sai trich (hay tng bién thién duge gidi thich) bing 65.35% (>50%) = KMO = 0.847 (20.5) vi kiém dinh Batlt o6 § nghta tng ké(Sig<.05) Nén EFA li phi hop, 18b, Khdi nigm lang trang thank Khéi nigm long trung thinh la 1 Khai nigm don hung (khi EFA, eéc bién quan sét rit thinh 1 nha t6), nén ¢6 thé thir sir dung phyong phap trich Principal Component Analysis vi phuong phip trich nay sé lam cho téng phurong sai trich tt hon, Ban c6 nhgn xét gi néu c6 két qua tir EFA cho cfc bién quan sat thug khai nigm long ‘rung thinh nb sau? KMO and Bartet’s Test ‘Total Variance Explained rents sano Ss Sarees Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis, Component Matrix® J Bang nay chi c6 1 e9t, cho thay loy1, loy2, loy3 rit Component erent think T nbd té Extraction Method: Principal Component Anaysie, «8. | components extracted. = Chi e6 1 nhan t6 duge rit ra, nhan t6 nay cfing duge d&t t8n ki “Trung thanh” "EFA ciing phi hop vi Téng phuomg sai trich bing 71.53 (50%), KMO = 0.701 (>0.5), Sig cia kiém dinh Bartett~0.000 (<0.05) MG hinh edu trie tuyén tinh (SEM) bao gm nhigu ky thugt théng ké khée nhau nh phan tich dung din (Path Analysis), phin tich nhin 16 khiing dinh (Confirmatory Factor Analysis), Mé hinh nha qua véi ede bién tiém n (Causal modeling with Latent variable, vi ‘cing thuéing goi la SEM), va thm chi cd phan tich phyong sai (Analysis of Variance), m6 hhinh hoi quy tuyén tinh bOi (Multiple Linear Regression). Chiing ta s& tim hiéu CFA, SEM. 193. PHAN TICH NHAN TO KHANG DINH (CFA) Tirkét qua cia EFA, gi ban thy rng ta 66 7 khai nigm chinh sir dyng trong m6 hinh nighién eu sau ni. BS la “Linh dao” duge do luéng bai cic bién quan sét sup3-sup7 “Thang tién” duge do ludng boi cac bién quan sat prom|-prom4 “Dong nghigp” duge do luimg bei cic bign quan sit cow-cow3 “Lurong-thuéng” duuge do luimg boi céc bién quan sat pay4, payS, bend “Bio hiém” duye do luémg bei cae bién quan sit ben2, ben3 “Ban chit cdng vige” durge do ling boi cée bién quan sét work1-work4 “Long trung thanh”: duge do ludmg bai loy!, loy2, loy3 (6 Khai nigm dau tién 1a cfc khéi nigm thinh phan cia khéi nigm “Sy thoa min cia nhan vién ‘v6i céng vige". Céu tric cia thang do “Sy thoa min nhin vién v6i ong vie" gém c6 6 khdi ‘nigm thanh phan nhur trén, va cdc bién quan sét tong tmg cho timg khai nigm ciing da duge ligt ké nhur tren, Cac bién quan sét quan sit sup3-sup7; proml-prom4; cowl-cow3; pays, payS, bend; ben2, ben3; workl-work tgo than mot thang do dé do tung kha nigm “Sie ‘thoa man cua nhan vign véi cong vigc”. Cée bién quan sit loyl, loy2, loy3 tgo thinh mot thang do dé do wimg khai nigm “long trung thank”. Nhiing digu trén tgo thinh mét_m6 hinh do Iuong eae khéi nigm sir dung trong nghién cifu cca ban. Va bay gid Ching ta cin kiém dinh xem M6 hinh do lung nay c6 dat duge yéu cau khong? Céc thang do c6 dat duge yéu cau eiia mot thang do tt khéng? Vige nay ching ta cin sit dung dén phn tich nhin té Khing dinh (CFA) ‘Trong CFA ta cé thé thye hign cho timg khai nigm, mt 6 kha nigm, hoge thy hign véi tt ca cd khdi nig o6 trong mé hinh (goi la mé hin t6i han) ‘Ve mat ly thuyét, wong CFA, ching tachi ¥ dén mor s6 vin a8 sau: BE do ludng mie 4d phit hyp cia mo hinh vdi thong tin thj truding, neuti ta thuting sit dung Chi-square (CMIN); Chi-square diéu chinh theo bac ty do (CMIN/dt); chi s6 thich hgp so sénh (CFI Comparative Fit Index). Chi s6 Tucker & Lewis (TLL Tucker & Lewis Index); Chi s6 RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error Approximation). M6 hinh due xem 1a thich hgp voi dt gu thi trudng khi kiém dinh Chi-square c6 P-value > 0.05. Tuy nhién Chi-square ¢6 nhuige diém 1a phy thude vio kich thuiée miu, Néw mot m6 hinh nhdn duse: cc gid tri GFI, TLI, CFI 20.9 (Bentler & Bonett, 1980); CMIN/df <2, mot s6 truing hap CMIN/df 06 thé < 3 (Carmines & Melver, 1981); RMSEA < 0.08, RMSEA < 0.05 duge xem la rit tt (Steiger, 1990); thi m6 hinh due xem Ia phi hgp v6i di ligu thi trading, hay ‘uting thich vai dif ligu thi tring. Tho & Trang (2008) cho ring Néu m6 hinh nhiin duise cde gid tri TLI, CF120.9, CMIN/df < 2, RMSEA < 0.08 thi m6 hinh phit hgp (tutdng thich) v6i dit ligu thi trudng. Quy fe may cing dude sit dung dé danh gid mite d9 pha hgp eta mo hinh eu tric & mye 4. Khi CFA, nén thu hién céc dénh gid khde nhu!; " Xem thém Tho & Trang 2008) 20() Déinh gid do tin cy cia thang do thong qua: (a) Hé s6 tin c@y téng hyp (composite reliability) Va. (b) Téng phuong sai wich duge (variance extracted), (c) H@ s6 Cronbach's Alpha ‘D6 tin 4: tng hyp (9) Goreskog 1971 ), va tng phuting sai tr (Fornell & Lareker 1981) duge tinh theo c6ng thife sau: (Bad Lar Pu-e a oh Lalede-a) A(P,.) Ea Bea Trong 46 J, 18 trong s6 chusin hod eda bién quan sit thi i; 1-2," 18 phung sai cta sai 6 do luting big quan sét th i, ph s6 bign quan sét cia thang do. Chi tien p, . 9, Phai dat yeu Chu Wr 0.5 18 ten ‘Theo Hair (1998, 612):”phudng sai trich (Variance Extracted) ciia mdi kidi niém nén vuot ‘qua 0.5”; va phuiing sai trich cfing 18. mot chi tiéu do luting 46 tin cy. N6 phan nh hing, bign thien chung e¥a cdc bién quan sét due tinh todn bai bien tiem én Schumacker & Lomax (2006, 178) cho ring trong CFA, mt van d@ quan trong cin phi quan tim khée 1a d6 tin e@y eda tp hyp ede biéa quan sit do luting mot khdi nim (nhiin 16); va nb truyn théng, he s6 tin cy Cronbach’s Alpha vn thuing due sit dung. N6 do JuGing tinh kien dinh ndi tai xuyén suét tap hap ede bign quan sat cia céc eu tr 181 ‘Trong kiém dioh Cronbach's Alpha, ec biém quan sit 06 he sé tuking quan bién-éng (item-total correlation) nhd hen 0.3 sé bj loai va tie chuiin chon thang do khi he sO Cronbach's Alpha tir 0.6 tr lén (Nunnally & Burstein, 1994), Tuy nhién, ciing cn liu rng néu Cronbach's Apha qué cao (50.95) thi c6 kha nang xust hign bién quan sét thi’a (Redundant items) & trong thang do. Bién quan sét tifa 18 bién do ling mét khéi niém hiiu nhw tring v6i bién do lung khéc, wong tw nhw tevdng hyp edng tuyén (collinearity) trong hii quy, Khi d6 big this nén duiée Loai b3.. (2) Tink don huéng/ dan nguyen (unidimensionality) - Theo Steenkamp & Van Trijp (1991), mife d6 phi hdp cia mo hinh v6i dif ligu thi tring. cho chiing ta diGu kign cin va di dé cho tap bign quan sit dat due tinh don hung, wit truting hop céc sai s6 cia eéc bién quan sét c6 twong quan véi nha, (3) Gid tr hoi tu (Convergent valiity) - Gerbring & Anderson (1988) cho ring thang do dat duge gié ti hbi ty khi cf trong s6 chufin hod eda thang do du cao (>0.5); va e6 § nghta th6ng ke (P <0.05) au(4) Gid tri phan bigt (Discriminant validity) ~ C6 thé kiém dinh gid tri phan bigt cita ede khéi nim trong m6 hinh ti han (saturated model) mé hinh ma cfc khéi nigm nghién ettu duge ty do quan h@ véi nhau). C6 thé thye hign kiém dinh he s6 tweing quan xét trén pham vi tng thé gitta cde khdi niém c6 thu sit hac bigt so vdi 1 hay khOng. Néu n6 thy si Khée biét th efe thang do dat duse gis ti phan biét. ‘Vi du: Mot thang do c6 2 khai nigm spatial va verbal, s6 quan sét= 73, r SE=SQRT(L-P)(n-2))_| (-rSE__| P-value spacial | <> | verbal_| 0.487 oo | 4.949 0.000 TINV(0.05.71)=1.993 TDIST(4.95,71,2}=0.000 (<0.05) bic bé gi thuyét cho ring. 9 ¢paiiseri=1 Ghi chit quy te kiém dink! He: 9 = p, He pp, tan T= VP. 7A Tra bing phn phoi Student ¢,., Vn-2 NéuT> fo, , thi bic bé Hy (5) Gir iam he I dhuyét (Nomological validity) ~ Cée vain de ti 1 d&n 4 dutge danh gid thong qua m6 hinh do lung. Riéng gid tri lién he Iy thuyét due danh gid trong m6 hinh ly thuyét (Anderson & Gerbing, 1988) Khi cde viin d@ trén thoi min thi m6 hinh do luting 1. t6t. Tuy nhién, rt hiém m6 hinh do luting nao dat duge tit ef ee vain dB trén! Vi du, m6 hinh do luimg vin o6 thé dude sit Program > AMOS 16 > Amos Graphics Cong dung ciia ca mit? Ding dé vé bién quan sé Ding dé vé bién tiém an Ding dé ve bién tiém an va cde bién quan sat eco ea) —* veng " Twong AMOS, ngoai AMOS Graphics 6 mOt eich tie Khe n <—+V8 hip phuong sai, hé s6 tuong quan Ligt ké danh sich bién Neg6n tay: chon 1 di tuomy Bin tay dai: Chon tat ca d6i tong Ban tay ngin: Khong chon nia Di chuyén 46i tong, Xod d6i tung, Miy pho t8: Copy di twyng I |, Xoay déi tuong CChinh kichc@ d6i tgmg Tinh todn cde we Img Di chuyén ede tham s6 ube lnong. I ‘Copy sa 48 dung din vio Clipboard 18 g6 cde Kah VB.NET hay C# 23‘Tg0 file méi? File\New [MG file dit ligu? File\Data Files (Ctrl-D) > Chon File Name > Chon kiéu file va chi dén. file ean mé > OK Hinh 3.2 Hign thj danh sich bién? ‘Chon niit sau Hinh 3.3, = Khi 46 ban sé thay mét hp thogi nho xuait hign, ligt ké cdc bién 6 trong dit Higu eae 4Bue 2. Ré dén vi tr tuong img dé ve ra 1 ving trdn, nhip chudt 5 trai nim edi, ban sé 06 d8i ‘wong nhur Hinh 3.6 Hinh 3.6 aoe eo PAA ag . Nhp ban tay dai, dé chon ea d6i tong = Sik ‘Hola ee ss ier _. ‘Bude 6. Nhip 6 t6 dé di chuyén d ian = 2 Wo ake Slam edi Burée 4. Ship nit nay dé xoay di turgmg sao cho nhur Hink 3.7 Burée 5. Nha nit nay a Chinh sta ich cin 46 tugmg sa0 cho dep in quan sit nh Hinh 3.7. Bi tugng cin Copy bing céch nhép mit ban tay dai, ri nhap edi may Photocopy, sau 46 r€ chust 25Hinh 3.8 Unnamed pro le Eat Yew Quran Anahes Took Phone Heb a Buse 2. Chon may Photocopy dé copy, sau d6 ré chuét dén vi tri méi ban 38 06 thém m@t 46i twong nia (Hamion Holsinger ore [IDILoy WH er \DILoy MH2.er Pet Aneysi UDILoy chunge Poh nays IDILoy ar du TTmchinht rw du ITmchink2 rw jd cat hom arm Bay giiy ban 43 Copy xong ri, thi hay nhip nit bin tay ngin, dé khéng chon gi niga ‘Tuy nhién déi tugng méi cia ban chi cin o6 4 bién quan st th6i. 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Files \ Save hole Save As ‘Truc khi tinh todn, ban nén hn Iai file so 48 duémg din M4‘Tinh ton céc woe legng? nip st i) Cac két qua s@ durge tinh todn Ee Ge Git Wew Dlogran Anahze Too Pons Helo Chuyén d6i each the +hign dang khéng chun hoa! chun hod 35Két qua dang so 48 cha chun hod Hinh 3.23 a Aye SUE, oy 92 aaa ey sup4 he e Chi-squareiat = 1.929 ; : Fle 958 ; TLI= 909 ; CFI =.925; @y, +285 RMSEAS 068 Bex supe p86 Bye! ‘sup7 eB | promt Wy. 4.07 143 era aceersd ae set creme a ‘cow2 lege leona nghiep ay Lowe eee 25,4 cows |*~ 1.00 : 13, pay4 etd 184 « «—— ety pays J sap Wong tuong C15 +1 bend }*~ 1.00 pc 18, + bere {bao hiem > Taare ae Adqe{_bend +99 ~— @18,_-+{_workt m8 rk cong viec So worke |e go gviec ) 20n9-_work3 1.00 @ @2 1.00 1.62 eel toy 100 _1 = ay ey | trung thanh 222i Tye Je (ung tanh Q (Q ® @ ‘Két qui dang so 48 di chuiin hod Hin 3.24 63 Ceo _sups (@2)>—o{__sup4 2 a B—+_a0p5_ 7), anh dao (Chi-square= 403.140 ; dtz 209 ; P=.000 ; +07 B+ IO fy. 76 @® . thang tien ) poscnnnsiee @8)>+{_prom3 js (e9)—+[_prom4} 10+ cowl fy 88 se @1) > _cow2 |e Sdong ngh @12—+{_cowS gg 80 @13—+ pays fe 88 @1 a aa 1+ pays Js, og ons thuong} 15+_bend Je 05 °Két qui dang cic bing s6 ligu Chon nit EEE cia sé Amos Output sé xudt hign tans R@Oee2a7)3 -? -0 -FHSBr?raQ Foatrie faceeres ico paseames pesos Regression Weights: (Group number 1 Default model Esimate SE CRP Label + Nowra lanhdso 1.000 2 Eee lenhdao $95 085 10533 = Poo Janhdao 919 082 11.273 *** —— tendo 634 076 8637 comes Inka 917 082 11192 Ceres ee ton Meare thangien £26 093 8890 + vesiseninder thagien «1.030091 11360 *#* Venmntony fiangien «107510010735 ve eet cee dongnchicp «1.037087 11968 *** 2 dongnehiep 1.000 dongnghiep 974 084 11619 *** hap vao edie mue tong img bén trai cua cita s6 Output, ban sé xem cfc két qua khée nhau: ‘Regression Weights: (Group number 1 - Default model) ~ Bing cic trong sb chur chun hos Estimate SE. CR. P Label sup? <—lanhdao 1.000 sup6 <-~lanhdao 895.085 10.533 *** 919 08211273 ** 654.076 8.637 ** 917 082 11.192 *¥* 1.000 826 093 8.890 ** 1,030,091 11.360 ** 1.075.100 10.735 *** 1,037,087 11.968 *** 1.000 974 084 11.619 *** 1.138.122 9.353. *** 1,000 ~Iuong_thuong 1.141.121 9.411 *** ~congviee 881.086 10.224 *** 38.Estimate SE. CRP Label work3 <—-congviee 1.000 work? <-congviee 952.086 11.012 *** bben3 <--baohiem 1.000 'ben2_<—baohiem 1.096.101 10.804 *** Joy! <--trungthanh 999.093 10.774 *** loy3 <-~trungthanh 1.000 loy2 <~trungthanh 985106 9.338 *** Standardized Regression Weights: (Group number 1 - Default model) Estimate Fae Cac trong so (da chuan hoa) sup7 <— lanhdao tid nay cine 05.98 thang do % Janhdao 750 the dat duge gid tri hoi lanhdao 799 Taxing hop bién quan sit nio lanhdao 625 c6 trong sé <0.5 thi ban Lin lanhdao .793 Lot loai ra. thangtien 776 thangtien 643 thangtien 808, thangtien 764 dongnghiep 846 dongnghiep 795 dongnghiep SIL Tuong_thuong, 830 Iuong_thuong 656 Tuong_thuong 843 congyiee 740 congviee 793 congviee 805 baohiem 925 baohiem 992 trungthanh 812 trungthanh 164 ‘trungthanh 695 Covariances: (Group number 1 - Default model) Higp phuong sui Estimate SE. CR. P Label lanhdao—<>thangtien 961.158 6.070 *** lanhdao— <>dongnghiep 646.130 4.974 #** anhdao <-> Tuong_thuong 671 143. 4.686. #** lanhdao— <>bachiem S19 158 3.287 .001 lanhdao— <>congviee (875.158 5.542. 94<> trungthanh <->dongnghiep <-> luong_thuong <>bachiem thangtien —_<->congviee thangtien — <->trungthanh dongnghi <> luong_thuong, dongnghiep <-->bachiem dongnghiep dongngti congviee <> trungthanh wong thuong<-—bachiem lwong_thuong <--> congviec lwong_thuong <--> trungthanh congviee — <->bachiem baohiem — <->trungthanh congvies < lanhdan <> Ianhdao <> lanhdan <> lanhdan <> lanhdan <> lanhdao <> thangtien <> thangtien <> thangtien <> thangtien = <> thangtien <> dongnghiep <> dongnghi dongnghiep <> dongnghiep <> Juong_thuong<> Juong_thuong <> Iuong_thuong <> congviee <> baohiem <> congvies <> ‘rungthanh Correlations: (Group number 1 - Default model Hg sb twong quan thangtien dongnghiep Iuong_thuong, baohiem congviec trungthanh dongnghiep uong_thuong, bbaohiem congviee trungthanh uong_thuong, baohiem congviee trungthanh bbaohiem congviee trungthanh baohiem ‘rungthanh trungthanh Estimate S.E. 970 602 707 389 1.017 1,002 408 408 729 618 470 621 1.029 454 338 941 Estimate 661 480 4B 276 572 628, 454 sul 210 675 658 318. 238 5B 439 262 426 699 233 am 588 168. 127 145 1s2 166 168 118 la 139 136 154 145 79 163 162 170 CR. 5.791 4.745 4873 2.561 6.136 5,948, 3.466 2.886 5.237 4.536 3.058 4.287 5.335 2.784 2.085 5,528 P Label 010 004 002 005 037Variances: (Group number 1 -Default model) Phuong sai lanhdao thangtien dongnghiep uong_thuong, congviee baohiem trungthanh es et 3 2 el o 8 eT 6 el2 ell 10 els el4 e13 el7 e16 20 el9 els 23 22 el 1.476 1.431 1.227 1.337 1,586 2.402 1.619 1,066 920 707 985 730 947 1.388 807 1aq7 713 607 525 1,765 706 781 403 049 934 781 1.014 1asd 1,680 834 Estimate SE. 243 232 194 274 255 349 2B BL 11 092 108 094 123 156 113 150 099 .089 089 202 126 130 214 253 136 U8 130 155 202 129 CR 6.068 6.158 6.336 4.879 6.228 6.888, 5.932 8.165 8.297 7.660 9.147 7.746 7.683 8.926 7.120 7.849 7.167 6816 5.873 8718, 5.601 5.988 L885) 194 6.855, 6.599 7715 7.456 8.325, 6481 P Label 059) 847 4Squared Multiple Correl (Group number I - Default model) thuimg geil RE Estimate loyl 659 loy2 483 loy3 584 work! 548 work? 648 work3 629 ben2 983 bens 856 pay 689 payS mM bend BL cowl nS cow? 657 cows 632 prom! 584 prom? 653 prom3 413 prom 602 sup3 629 sup4 390 sup5 638 sup6 562 sup? S81 em Model NPAR CMIN DF = P-_ CMIN/DF Default model 67 403.140 209 000, 1.929 Saturated model 276 0000. Independence model -23-—« 2831904 253.000 11,193, RMR, GFL ‘Model RMR GFI_AGFI_ PGFI Default model 142 858 813. 650 Saturated model 000 1.000 Independence model 812.262.195.240Baseline Comparisons NFLORFI IFT TLI Model Delta thol Delta? rhoz CF Default model 858 828 926 909.925 Saturated model 1.000 1.000 1.000 Independence model 000 000.000.000.000 RMSEA, Model RMSEA 1090 HI90 PCLOSE Default model 068 058.078 002 Independence model 226 219.234 000 Ban hay dya vao cde két qua trén vA dnh gis vé md hinh do lwing? Mic a pha ep chang? Chi-square/df = 1,93 (<2); TLI = 0.909 ; CFI=0.925; RMSEA=0.068 (<0.08) nén e6 thé néi la mo hinh phi hyp véi dtr ligu thj truamg. ‘Tuy nhién, c6 1 s6 chi tigu cha dat, theo ban cai thign céc chi tiéu nay bang cach ndo? Gide tr hpi tu? ~ Cée trong s6 (chun hod) du > 0.5 va ede trong s6 (chira chudn hos) déu c6 ¥ nghia théng, ké nén cdc Khai nigm dat duge gid tr hoi ta. Tinh don nguyén? MG hinh nay do eng nay phi hop véi dir ligu thi tring, va khéng ¢6 twomg quan gitta cde sai s6 do long nén n6 det duge tinh dom nguyén, 43Dptin ely? : ; eons ‘Ap dung céng thite va tinh Bé tin cy ting hop? Téng phuong sai trich? Va d8 nhat la sir dung Cronbach’s Alpha Ban con nhé thao tic trén SPSS? Analyze’ Scale\ Reliability Analysis Hinh 3.26 Soe bility Analysis: Statistics Vi dy: Véi thang do tanh dgo Hg s6 Cronbach's Alpha = 0.86 (20.6) va Che he sé tong quan bién — tng deu > 0.3 énthang do “inh dgo” dt duge a6 tin ey Reliability Statistics ‘Apa if omVoi thang do thing tibn ltem-Total Statistics Cronbach's Scale Mean | Scale Variance it] Corrected tem | pha it tem tiem Deleted_| tem Deleted [Total Correlation] Deleted Joos 1357| 14,753 0¢| m7 Jerome 1375) 15723 703] ml Joroms 34 16829] se7| 828 oroms 1329 153897] s7| 707] ‘Va tuomg ty v thang do cho ec Khai nigm khée 45D4 tin edy tng hyp, téng phwong sai trich? ban hay tinh bing Excel A BE] Ew TE | ET TT 1 |Stendarded Regression Weights (Group mamber I Defslt eee] 2 [ands Lida [and] | 3 Esinaie nin aa sine [ato 762 | oats] osei] [Tonga 323] Slnps ic | tahdao ors {cal oso] [eanptuongTonglanda | 1301 Delers [erate 0799 | o38| oss] |rengc.tmnaw 2.95 Tops <— | tro oss [cal ox alms <— [ito axes | osni| os] [py amety sme np oases ee o7%6 | ox] oa) 10 fprons | | tanein ose | ose] os] ti lprend<— | aangsin os | 030] 02s] [Tongans 2am 12 prom fe | tangin 0764 | oaisl osed] [rongd-tundu? 2195 ee ey ose | oz on) leo <— donna axes | o38| oe aan Slewe2 le | sonmoahieo ost | 03a] ves islpeyt —<-__[ tong tinong | og [oan ose tft —<-_—_[ tung thuong | ease [ool oo ilps <- [wong enon | ones | 0200] 071 wwlweat —<~ —_ | congiee a7 | vas] 05a [aawona [<= [conmine az | osm oan] ai fwoia<- | -congmre oss {03:11 oa Taal | thangtien 0.4661 (0.083 636 0.000 tantdao | <=> | dongnghiep 048 0.062 834 0.000 lanndeo | <=> | tuong shuong | 0.478 0.062 836 0.000 landoo | <=> | baohiem 0276 0.068 | 10.60 0.000 Tanda ccongviee os 0.038 734 0.000 lant = | trungthanh od 0.085 673 0.000 thangtien | <=> | — dongnghiep 0454 0.063 8.62 0.000 thangtien | <=> | lwong dhuong | 011 0.061 8.00 0.000 thangtien | <> | baohiem ot 0.069 | 1137 0.000 thangtien | <=> | _congvice 0475 (0.082 6.20 0.000 thangtien | <=> | trungthank 0.658 ss 639 0.000 dongnghiep | <=> | Iuong thuong | 0318 0.067 | 10.12 0.000 dongnghiep | <=> | haohiem 0.238, 0.069 | 11.08 0.000 dongnghiep | <> | _congvice 0523 0.061 787 0.000 dongnghiep ‘rungthan 0439, 0.068 579 0.000 Tuong_thuong, ‘baohiem 0.262 0.069 | 10.76 0.000 Iuong_dhuong. ccongviee 0426 0.068 598 0.000 Iuong_thuong, ‘rungthanh 0.499) 0st 502 0.000 ccongviee ‘baohiem 0233 069 | 11.10 0.000 baohiem ‘nungthanh oat 070 | 1.84 0.000 congviee ‘rungthan 0.588 0.087 717 0.000 Ham tinh P-value trong Excel 6 trén la TDIST(|CR|, 1-2, 2) Ban sé thiy P-value déu <0,05 nén H@ s6 twong quan cit timg cp Khai nigm kh bigt so véi 1 6 d9 tin cay 95% (Ma la he sO twong quan thi ban c6 the suy ra tiép rang n6 < 1), Do dc cée Khai nigm dat duge gid tri phn bigt a74. MO HINH CAU TRUC (SEM) Anh chj hay Iuu Iai file trén véi 1 tén khae, vi dy la SEM JDI Loy 1amw: ‘Sau 46 vé lai so’ 46 nhu sau. Chi ¥ elip ciia khai nigm trung thanh c6 1 sai s6 €24 (ban ¢6 thé Igy higu kha, vi du 121 cing durge). Mbi mot bién phy thude trong m6 hinh edu trite phai c6 1 sai sé. Hinh 4.1 1 oa \— 3) + -sups +1 lanh dao aps | Sot 1 VS &® \\\ 1 @8)>—+{_promt at per aes e7—+{_prom2 \ thang tien ) 1 @B>—+[_ proms + =< (@9)—»/_proma » oonte 1 @i +f cow2 Je — (dong nghiep) cows el et pay4 lw oats payS Gong thuong — Sect 15 bend ee. 18+} Tinh ton bing cich bim vio nit — 1, ban s& 06 két qui 48.63 Cet—+[_sup3 at 79 Chisquare=\ehiaquare; dts 209; P=.00 + Supt fy ee ‘Chi-squaredt = 1829 H Reet {TL1=,800 CFT = 925; sap gar deo RMSEA 068 supe Br \Y \ * 76 \\ 5) 8 a} \\ oy) [loyt a1 9.66 ng thanh) @i7—+[_bend 345 @18—e_ work ee €19—+| work Koon vee) €20—+[_work3 #79 Nehién ci cia Dung & Nam (2005) chi ra ring cfc thin phin cia sy thod min cia nhén vvign véi cOng vige anh hudmg dén lang trung thanh, va diéu nay eing duge ahigu tic gi khic nh Yousef{2000), Schepker (2001), Jemigan & ctg (20002). Vi ‘ink nghién cieu cia ban dig dinh 66 thé nhw Hinh 4.1 va ket qué wée lwng lan dtu tién nw Hinh 4.2 49K&t qui dang bing s6 ligu Regression Weights: (Group number I - Default model) Ding nghip Khong cb j ghia thong ké 6 49 tin Estimate SE. CR. PY c§y 90% vi P-value >0.1 ‘rungthanh <--lanhdao 212 101 2.096.036 trungthanh <---thangtien 204 119 1.713.087 ‘trungthanh <-dongnghiep 068.090.755.450 trungthanh<—luong_thuong 495.099 4.983 *# -baohiem +073 050 -1.470 .142 ~congviee 142.104 1.372 .170 Lim Ii file SEM JDI Loy amv dé git li sc 8 (chi cin, 6 thé sit dung la) Luu file SEM JDI Loy L.amw yéi tén khie SEM JDI Loy 2.amw ‘Hinh 4.3 . cone sat! @-- apa ras Tae a aa 8+ sung Tarn coo ‘sup6 K ps 76 ®)>-_sup7_& Sle B+ promt by 77 ae a Ne D-paM e Y t thang ti tien 2 B+ proms a5 CD +[ proma py” +, wong thong a6 a 64 30