LI NI U

Ngy nay, s pht trin ca khoa hc k thut din ra nhanh chng trn
ton th gii. Nhng thnh tu khoa hc k thut c vn dng trong thc t
to ra hng lot nhng sn phm mi. Mt trong nhng thnh tu khoa hc
k thut ang c ng dng rng ri l k thut iu khin. Tuy mi pht
trin trong nhng nm gn y nhng n nhanh chng thay th c cc cng
ngh iu khin c in, li thi, lc hu vi nhiu c im u vit hn.
Trn hi nhp vi th gii VIT NAM ang nhanh chng tip thu
cc thnh tu khoa hc k thut p dng cc thnh tu khoa hc k thut
trong qu trnh cng nghip ho hin i ho t nc. Cng ngh c, thit b
c dn c thay th bng cng ngh mi, thit b mi. Cc thit b cng
ngh tin tin vi h thng thit b lp trnh PLC, Vi x l, Vi iu khin,
in kh nn, in t. ang c ng dng rng ri trong cng nghip nh
cc dy truyn sn xut nc ngt, ch bin thc n gia xc, my iu khin
theo chng trnh CNC, cc h thng n giao thng, cc h thng bo ng,
cc h thng lm mt trong ngnh c kh nm bt c khoa hc k
thut tin tin hin nay trong cc trng i hc, Cao ng v cc trng
Trung hc v ang a thit b hin i, kin thc khoa hc mi vo ging
dy. H thng iu khin t ng PLC l mt trong nhng loi thit b c ng
dng mnh m v m bo c tin cy cao. Cng chnh v l do Em
vn dng PLC vo ti Thit k, b iu khin cho h thng lm mt
ng c 1 chiu bng PLC ca cng ty Thp Vit-Hn
Trn thc t tng ny khng cn mi l n c vn dng rt rng
ri trong cc ngnh Cng nghip. c bit trong cc phn xng ti cc nh
my luyn kim, nh my c Tuy nhin n cn mi m i vi Sinh vin
v nhn vo thc trng cn tn ti ti Cng ty thp Vit - Hn Em thc
tp. Do Em lm ti ny vi mong mun nghin cu su hn k thut

iu khin lp trnh PLC v tm hiu v cng ngh lm mt ang c ng

dng rt rng ri trong cc x nghip, nh my.
Sau qu trnh hc tp, rn luyn v nghin cu ti trng em tch ly
c vn kin thc thc hin ti ca mnh. Cng vi s hng dn tn
tnh ca thy gio Thc s Nguyn on Phong, cng nh cc thy c gio
trong khoa v cc bn sinh vin cng kha. n nay em hon thnh ti
ny vi ni dung sau:
1. Tm hiu tng quan nh my.
2. Nghin cu dy chuyn cng ngh cn nng lin tc (VPS).
3. Tm hiu v i su vo phn tch thc trng ca h thng lm mt
ng c in mt chiu.
4. a ra gii php c th gii quyt thc trng ca h thng lm
mt ng c in mt chiu.
5. Phn tch a ra phng hng nng cp h thng iu khin h
thng lm mt ng c in mt chiu.
6. Thit k ch to m hnh
7. Lp trnh trn phn mm ca PLC S7-200 do hng Siemens sn xut.
8. Sn phm ca ti m bo yu cu k thut, m thut. Quyn
thuyt minh v cc bn v.
Thuyt minh n gm 3 chng:
Chng 1: Tng quan v cng ty: Tm hiu cng ngh dy chuyn cn
nng ca nh my.
Chng 2: Hin trng v gii php ca h thng lm mt ng c gi
cn: Nu ra hin trng cn tn ti v nghin cu a ra gii php
gii quyt hin trng
Chng 3: Thit k v ch to m hnh h thng lm mt ng c gi cn:
Trnh by qu trnh thit k v ch to m hnh iu khin h thng
lm mt ng c gi cn.

CHNG 1.
TNG QUAN V CNG TY
1.1. Gii thiu v Cng ty.
Cng ty thp Vit Hn c thnh lp vo ngy 15/09/1995. L Cng ty
lin doanh vi 50% vn u t nc ngoi. Cng ty sn xut theo ch 3 ca
lin tc. Cu trc qun l c chia lm 4 phng ban:
1. Ban gim c .
2. Phng qun l .
3. Phng kinh doanh.
4. Phng sn xut.
Trong ban gim c gm c Tng gim c v Ph tng gim c.
Theo quy nh 3 nm thay i v tr Tng gim c v Ph tng gim c
gia Vit Nam v Hn Quc. Nhng ngy u Cng ty mi i vo hot ng
Cng ty sn xut ra sn phm l thp cun. Trong qu trnh pht trin ca
Cng ty, Cng ty hon thin hn dy chuyn v cng ngh v vy ngoi
sn phm l thp cun Cng ty sn xut ra thp cy p ng nhu cu ca
th trng. Tri qua 16 nm i vo sn xut n nay Cng ty ngy cng hot
ng n nh hn i ng cn b Cng nhn vin ngy cng lnh ngh hn, v
vy to ra nhiu chng loi sn phm a dng, p ng nhu cu ca th
trng. Gp phn xy dng t nc ngy cng giu mnh.
1.2. Dy chuyn cn Cng ty thp Vit Hn
Dy chuyn cn ca Cng ty thp Vit Hn c 24 gi cn c thit
k theo kiu cn nng lin tc, cc gi cn t ni tip nhau, bao gm: 6 gi
cn th, 6 gi cn trung, 6 gi cn tinh v 6 gi cn Block. Cc phn t ca s
cho bng 1:

Bng 1.1: Thit b trn dy truyn

Khu vc cn th:
PR1

Con ln kp 1

RT1

Bn con ln 1

S1, S3, S5

Cc gi cn th, trc cn nm ngang

S2, S4, S6

Cc gi cn th, trc cn thng ng ngang

HMD1

Thit b d thp nng 1

HMD2

Thit b d thp nng 2

HMD5

Thit b d thp nng 5

SH1

My ct bay 1

Khu vc cn trung:
S7-S12

Cc gi cn trung

HMD8

Thit b d thp nng 8

SH2

My ct bay 2

Khu vc cn tinh:
S13-S18

Cc gi cn tinh

LF1-LF3

To vng 1 ng

LF4, LF5

To vng 2 ng

Sn lm mt v khu vc thnh phm thp thanh:

HMD9

Thit b d thp nng 9

PR2

Con ln kp 2

HMD10,11

Thit b d thp nng 10,11

DIV1, DIV2

La chn ng 1, 2

DS1, DS2

My ct phn on 1, 2

HMD12-15

Thit b d thp nng 12-15

PR3-PR6

Con ln kp 2-6

RIL1-4

ng dn vo 1-4

CB

Sn ngui lm mt thp thanh

RT2

Bn con ln so u thp

RT3, RT4, RT5

Bn con ln vn chuyn thp

CS

My ct ngui ct sn phm theo tiu chun

STP

C cu t chiu di ct sn phm

CT1, CT2

Sn xch vn chuyn thp thanh

BBM

My b thp thanh

Cn Block v khu vc thnh phm thp cun:

HMD16

Thit b d thp nng 16

PR7

Con ln kp 7

DIV3

La chn ng 3

SH3

My ct bay 3

RCS

My ct bm, ct s c

LF6

To vng ngang 1 ng

HMD17

Thit b d thp nng 17

BM

Khi cn BLOCK

HMD18

Thit b d thp nng 18

WCL

Hp lm mt

HMD19

Thit b d thp nng 19

PR8

Con ln kp 8

LH

To vng (laying head)

CCC

Bng ti thp cun (coil cooling conveyor)

CFS

Trm gom thp cun (coil forming station)

TC

Bng ti xe ch thp cun (trestle conveyor)

CBU

CUS

My p v b thp cun (coil compacting &

binding unit)
Trm tho d thp cun (coil unloading
station)

1.3. Cng ngh cn thp Cng ty Vit - Hn(VPS)

Cng ngh dy chuyn sn xut thp, cn nng lin tc (VPS) c
iu khin t ng bng h thng PLC S-5 ca Siemens vi 9 t PLC.
H thng cn nng lin tc c iu khin bi 4 phng iu khin bao gm:
+ Phng iu khin l nung
+ Phng iu khin trung tm
+ Phng iu khin sn ngui (Thp thanh)
+ Phng iu khin thp cun
1.4. Quy trnh hot ng ca h thng cn nng lin tc (VPS)
u tin phi c cn trc a ln bn con ln (1), sau bn con ln
(1) s a phi n bn con ln (2), bn con ln (2) a phi n trc ca l
nung. iu khin bn con ln (2) l nh b PLC nhn tn hiu ca cm bin
nh sng. Cm bin ny khi pht hin ra u phi thp s a tn hiu v PLC
PLC x l dng con ln (2) khng ch con ln (2) a phi vo ng v tr.
Khi phi t trc ca l my y chnh s y phi vo l nung (My y
chnh hot ng bng h thng thu lc). Qu trnh hot ng ca my y
chnh c iu khin bng 4 cm bin gii hn t trc ca l v cm bin
sau ca l trnh s c my y chnh y phi qu v tr quy nh.
Phi c a vo l nung c nhit (1100oC). L nung gm 3 vng:
nh, y, iu nhit. Sau khi t (1100oC) phi c a ra ca l v c
my y cnh y (My y cnh lm vic theo nguyn l in kh nn). Qu
trnh y c khng ch bng h thng cm bin t. Sau khi phi c pht
hin nh mt cm bin nh sang (MHD1) tn hiu s c truyn v PLC.
PLC s iu khin con ln kp Pr1 a phi vo bn con ln (RT1). Sau khi
phi qua bn con ln (RT1) s c (HMD2) pht hin gi tn hiu v PLC.
PLC iu khin gi cn th (R/M) phi c a vo gi cn S1H. Do kch
c phi ln (120 x 120mm) n (130 x 130mm), v vy khu cn th ngi
ta s dng cng ngh cn nm, cn ng. Khi phi nng vo gi cn S1H

c cn bt sau khi qua gi cn S1H vo gi cn S2V c cn p vo 2 bn

qu trnh ny din ra xen k nhau trong 6 gi cn th. Cho nn phi gim dn
v kch thc v tng dn v chiu di. Qu trnh ny do PLC iu khin
(PLC so snh: gi s so snh dng in gi cn S2V v S1H t s c s
iu chnh dng gi cn S2V)
Qua 6 gi cn th phi c xc nhn bng (HMD5), (HMD5) gi tn
hiu PCL, PCL s bo cho (SH1) ct t ng.
(SH1) c nhim v:

- Ct u phi
- Ct ui phi
- Ct s c

Ct u phi: V qua 6 gi cn th u phi c kt cu khng m bo,

nhit khng m bo c th gy s c khi vo gi cn sau.
+ Ct s c: Trnh trng hp gi cn sau gp s c
Phi cha
cn vo s1

vo s2

vo s3

vo s4 vo s5 vo s6

SH1

Hnh 1.1: Mt ct phi sau khi c cn p qua cc gi cn th

Sau khi c (SH1) ct u, phi a vo gi cn trung gian (I/M)
gi cn trung gian do phi c kch thc nh v vy s dng phng php cn
lt phi. Trc gi cn S7H phi c dng trn. Qua S7H phi c cn bt
sau gi cn S7H c 2 con ln p c t lch t 10o n 12o (C nhim v lt
phi 90o khi vo gi cn tip theo). n gi cn S8H phi ng hon ton, sau
gi cn S8H phi trn. Qu trnh ny din ra tng t qua 6 gi cn trung. Gi
l 7, 9, 11 c lp h thng con ln. Khu cn trung s dng phng php
iu khin tc bng m men (Ging cn th).Sau 6 gi cn trung s c mt
(HMD8) cm nhn v gi tn hiu v PLC s iu khin cho SH2 c nhim
v:

- Ct u ui
- Ct s c
- Ct phn on
Vi ct phn on chiu di ca thp c ct l L nh hn hoc bng
66m (L sn phm thp thanh)
Phi sau
my ct 1

vo s7 vo s8 vo s9 vo s10 vo s11 vo s12

SH2

Hnh1. 2: Mt ct phi sau khi c cn p qua cc gi cn trung.

Trng hp cn thp thanh vi sn phm tit din nh. Phi tip tc a
vo gi cn tinh (F/M). Khu cn tnh s dng 6 gi cn v dng phng php
iu khin to loop. V tit din ca thp b v vy p dng iu khin to loop
m bo tc . Nu s dng phng php iu khin bng m men ko th
s lm t thp. Trong khu vc cn tinh t 5 h thng to loop (LSC)
phi sau
my ct 2 vo
s13

vo
s14

vo
s15

vo
s16

vo
s17

vo
s18

Hnh 1.3: Mt ct phi sau khi c cn p qua cc gi cn tinh.

Nguyn l to loop:
To loop bt u t gi cn (S13H n S18H) tc c PLC tnh ton
sn.
Trong qu trnh to loop phi thp vo gi (S13H) n vo gi cn (S14H)
s c h thng xi lanh y phi thp ln cao vi chiu cao c h thng
(LSC) iu chnh (LSC) iu chnh trong gii (0% n 100%) chiu cao loop

do ngi vn hnh t thng (25% n 35%). Khi chiu cao thp ln qu

chiu cao t h thng (LSC) s a tn hiu v PLC, PLC s x l v tnh
ton thit lp li gi tr tc ca gi cn trc. Gi cn sau s c gi
lm hng s tc ca gi trc s gim xung khi chiu cao ca thp xung
thp hn so vi chiu cao t h thng (LSC) a tn hiu v PLC. PLC tnh
ton thit lp li gi tr tc ca gi cn trc bng cch tng tc ca
gi cn trc.
H thng lt c t sau cc gi cn l. Sau gi cn (S18H) qu trnh cn
chia lm 2 ng :
ng 1: Cn thp cun bao gm: (5,5 n 10) c loi trn trn, trn
gai
Phi thp sau khi qua (S18H) c (HMD9) cm nhn a tn hiu v PLC.
PLC s iu khin con ln kp ko PR7 ko phi thp v c (SH3) ct.
SH3 c chc nng: - Ct u ui
- Ct s c
Sh3 c chc nng ct chuyn ng
Trong trng hp gp s c SH3 ct chuyn ng vo my bm s c
(RCS)
Sau khi c ct u ui phi thp c ko qua (LSC7) to vng
ngang. y tc (B/M) lm hng s. V truyn thng tin cho LSC7,
LSC7 truyn thng tin cho PLC v iu khin cho Pittng trong hp to
vng ngang. Sau khi qua LSC7 phi c a vo gi cn Block (B/M).
Trong gi cn (B/M) t s tc ca cc gi cn gi c nh 6 gi cn t (19
24) c t nghing nhau mi bn 45o
- Nu cn 6: s dng ht gi cn
- Nu to 8: b 2 gi cn cui
- Nu to 10: b 4 gi cn cui

Sau cn Block to thnh sn phm tu theo thp trn hay thp gai s do gi
cn cui cng quy nh.
n Colling Box thp c lm mt bng nc p sut cao. Sau khi lm
mt thp c a vo (Laying head), h thng to vng (Coilcolling
converoy). Di sn c t h thng qut lm mt. n h cn h s cha ht
mt phi thp. Sau xe ch thp s chy n my b (CBU), thp c b
xong chuyn n bn lt xe c lt ln v gp b thp ln t ln h thng
cn in t. Sau khi cn xong xe c nhim v chuyn b thp ra tay quay sau
cu trc chuyn thp ra kho.
ng 2: Cn thp thanh
Vi sn phm thp thanh ln hn (D25 D40) phi thp c ct t my
ct (SH2) v i vo h thng chia DiV. Vi sn phm thp thanh nh hn
hoc bng D22 th thp c cn khu cn tinh (F/M). Thp c ko n
DS1, DS2. Trong DS1, DS2 c iu khin bng (HMD10) v
(HMD11), DS1 v DS2 ct thp thanh c chiu di nh hn hoc bng 66m.
Sau DS1 con kp PR y thp ra khu vc sn lm ngui. Tc ca thp
gim nhanh chng nh h thng phanh.Trong trng hp khch hng yu cu
hoc nng cao nng sut th sau S16H c t my cn ch D10. Mc ch
tr phi thp v gim tc ra ca phi. T sn lm ngui thp c vn
chuyn ra bn con ln so u v chuyn n h thng chuyn thp (TaKet out
divier). n bn con ln v chuyn n my ct ngui ct thnh sn phm
tiu chun (11,7m) sau thp chuyn n sn xch m s thanh trong
mt b, chuyn ln bn con ln a ra my b v chuyn ln h thng cn
in t n cu trc a thp vo kho. Tu theo kch c ca sn phm m bt
dn s gi cn.

10

Phi thp

Bn vn chuyn phi thp

Cu trc

L nung
Con ln kp, bn con ln

Cn th

Cn trung

To vng

My ct bay 1

My ct bay 2

Cn tinh

Sn phm thp thanh

Sn phm thp cun

Con ln kp

Cn block

My ct a s1&s2

To vng ngang

Con ln kp & dng dn

H thng lm mt

Sn ngui v so u thp

To vng & vn chuyn

T.b chuyn vo con ln

Gom thnh b

My ct ngui

Bng ti con ln

Bn t chiu di thp

My b thp cun

Sn xch

Bn lt

Bn vn chuyn & my b

Tay ly thp

Hnh1. 4: S cu trc ca nh my thp Vit Hn

11

1.5. H thng cung cp in 110/6,6KV

H thng cung cp in ca nh my Thp Vit Hn (VPS) ly in
t li in quc gia 110KV (Trans mission line). T li in quc gia
110KV, in p c h xung 6,6KV qua my bin p chnh (MTR). My
bin p c cng sut 15/20MVA c u phn th t ng iu chnh in p.
ng ct ngun cho my bin p (MTR) l hai thit b
+ Dao cch ly (DS): Dao cch ly chu c in p 121KV, chu c
dng in 1200A trng thi ng.
+ My ct ga (GCB): My ct (GCB) chu c in p 170KV, dng
in trng thi ng 1250A, chu c dng in ct 31,5 KA. Ngoi ra dao
cch ly (DS) c mt h thng tip im lin ng l dao tip a (ES). Dao
(ES) chu c in p 121KV v dng in 1200A (ES) c nhim v tip a
cho cc thit b pha sau trnh in p d. bo v h thng cung cp in
ca nh my trnh s c st nh trc khi vo h thng in ca nh my
ngi ta lp t mt h thng chng st ng dy (LA) c in p lm vic
132KV dng in 10KA.
My bin p (MTR) c bo v nh h thng trung tnh tip t
(NDS), (NDS) chu c in p 72KV v dng in 300A v thit b chng
st (LA). (LA) c in p lm vic 121KV v dng in 1200A. T cun th
cp ca my bin p (MTR) c mt my ct chn khng (MV1) ng, ct, cp
ngun cho thanh cai 6,6KV (Bus bar system). My ct chn khng (MV1)
chu c in p 7,2KV v dng in 3000A trng thi ng v dng in
ct 25KA.
Thanh ci 6,6KV (Bus bar system) s cp ngun cho cc t in ca
cc h thng sn xut.
Trong qu trnh chuyn ti in nng trn ng dy 6,6KV c s hao
tn cng sut do b tr s hao tn ngi ta lp t thm h thng b
cng sut gm 4 t b cng sut. Cc t ny cc t c mc theo hnh sao.

12

H thng b cng sut u s dng mt my ct chn khng c cu ch bo

v (T VCS1 n VCS4). Mt thit b chng st, mt cun khng. Cc my
ct (VCS1 n VCS4) c thng s k thut ging nhau chu c dng in
300A. bo v cho thanh ci 6,6KV ngi ta cn lp t thit b chng st
(LA). (LA) c in p lm vic 9KV, dng in 5KA qua my ct chn
khng (MV14). (MV14) dng in lm vic 600V. Ngoi ra thanh 6,6KA cn
c bo v nh h thng tip t qua mt my bin p tip t (ETR) v
mt my ct chn khng (MV12), (MV12) c in p lm vic 7,2KV v
dng in 600A.
T thanh ci 6,6KV ngun in s cp cho cc t cp ngun ca h
thng sn xut ca nh my.
* T cp ngun cho h thng cn th: T in p 6,6KV qua my ct
chn khng (MV2) n my bin p (TR1) c t ni dy ( - Y). in p qua
my bin p (TR1) s c h xung 0,6KV sau khi c h xung 0,6KV
ngun in s c ti i qua my ct khng kh c bung dp h quang
(LV1) Trong :
(TR1) c cc thng s: in p 6,6/0,6KV
Cng sut 2000KVA
(MV2) c cc thng s: in p 72KV
Dng in 600A
(LV1) c cc thng s: Dng in trng thi ng 2500A
Dng in ct 42KA
* T in cp ngun cho h thng cn trung: Cng ging nh h
thng cn th. h thng cn trung bao gm: My ct chn khng (MV3),
my bin p (TR2), my ct khng kh c bung dp h quang. Tuy nhin
h thng cn trung my bin p (TR2) cng sut 3000KVA. My ct (LV2)
dng lm vic 3200A. Dng in ct 50KA.

13

* T in cp ngun cho h thng cn tinh: Ging nh h thng cn

trung. H thng cn tinh gm: My ct chn khng (MV4), my bin p
(TR3),my ct khng kh c bung dp h quang (LV3). Tuy nhin my bin
p (TR3) c cng sut ln hn my bin p (TR2) cng sut 4000KVA. My
ct (LV3) c dng in lm vic 4000A, dng in ct 65KA.
* T in cp ngun cho h thng cn (Block), h thng cn (Block)
cng bao gm: My ct chn khng (MV6), my bin p (TR4), my ct
khng kh c bung dp h quang (LV4) y my bin p (TR4) in p
c h xung 0,4KV, cng sut 2500KVA, my ct (LVA) c dng in
lm vic 2500A, dng in ct 42KA.
* T in cp ngun cho cc thit b in mt chiu ging h thng
cn Block (B/M) h thng thit b mt chiu cng gm: My ct chn
khng (MV6), my bin p (TR5) c cng sut nh (TR4), cng sut ca n
2000KVA.
* T in cp ngun cho h thng ng c xoay chiu ng cn ging
nh hai h thng trn. H thng ng c xoay chiu ng cn cng bao
gm: My ct chn khng (MV7), bin p (TR6), my ct khng kh (LV6).
Khc ch my bin p (TR6) c cng sut 1500KVA.
* T in cp ngun cho h thng x l nc (W/T): Ging h thng
ng c xoay chiu ng cn, h thng x l nc bao gm mt my ct
chn khng (MV8), mt bin p (TR7), my ct khng kh c bung dp h
quang (LV7). Cc thng s k thut ca 3 thit b u ging h thng ng
c xoay chiu ng cn.
* T in phc v cho h thng in chiu sng: Ging cc h thng
trc. H thng chiu sng gm: My ct chn khng (MV10), my bin p
(TR9), my ct khng kh (LV11). y bin p (TR9) c cng sut
400KVA. My ct (LV11) c dng in lm vic 1000A v dng in ct
25KA.

14

* T in cp ngun cho h thng cu trc v my nn kh: Ging nh

cc h thng trn. H thng cu trc v my nn kh bao gm: My ct chn
khng (MV9), my bin p (TR8), my ct khng kh (LV8) y my bin
p (TR8) c cng sut 1500KVA. My ct (LV8) c dng lm vic 2500A
dng in ct 42KVA. Khi gp s c mt in t li in quc gia. Ngun
khn cp s c ly t my pht in (G), my pht (G) s cung cp in
cho mt h thng quan trng ca nh my nh: H thng chiu sng, h thng
l, h thng x l nc cho l nung.
in p t my pht truyn i qua my ct khng kh (LV) c dng lm
vic 1000A v dng in ct 25KA.
* T in cp ngun cho cng vic sa cha: Ging vi cc h thng
trn y cng gm mt my ct chn khng (MV11), my bin p (TR10)
v my ct khng kh (LV12). My bin p (TR10) c cng sut 300KVA,
my ct (LV12) c dng lm vic 2500A v dng in ct 42KA.

15

CHNG 2.
HIN TRNG V GII PHP CA H THNG LM MT
NG C GI CN
2.1.1. i tng c lm mt
Dy chuyn cn thp nh my thp Vit-Hn bao gm 18 ng c gi
cn v 2 ng c gi Block mang 6 gi cn. Tt c ng c u l ng c
in mt chiu. c lm mt bng gi nh 3 ng c qut. Do nhu cu
c lm mt ca h thng ng c in mt chiu gi cn rt quan trng. N
nh hng n kh nng lm vic ca ng c gi cn, tui th n nh, v
nh hng trc tip n nng sut ca nh my. Sau y l bng thng k s
lng cc ng c gi cn c lm mt.
Bng 2.1: Thit b c lm mt
TT

P (KW)

I (A)

U (V)

RPW (V/P)

STD 1

250

455

600

800/1400

STD 2

250

455

600

800/1400

STD 3

2500

455

600

800/1400

STD 4

250

455

600

800/1400

STD 5

250

455

600

800/1400

STD 6

250

455

600

800/1400

STD 7

300

550

600

800/2000

STD 8

300

550

600

800/2000

STD 9

300

550

600

800/2000

STD 10

300

550

600

800/2000

STD 11

300

550

600

800/2000

STD 12

300

550

600

800/2000

16

STD 13

400

720

600

800/2000

STD 14

400

720

600

800/2000

STD 15

400

720

600

800/2000

STD 16

400

720

600

800/2000

STD 17

400

720

600

800/2000

STD18

400

720

600

800/2000

BM1

850

1510

600

800/1400

BM2

850

1510

600

800/1400

2.1.2. i tng thc hin nhim c lm mt

Hin ti h thng qut lm mt cho cc ng c mt chiu trong dn gi
cn ca cng ty thp Vit-Hn gm 3 ng c lm mt c cc thng s k
thut sau:
. Cng sut :110KW
. in p

:380V

. Dng in :209A
. Tc

:1476rpm

S cng ngh ca h thng lm mt c m t trong hnh 2.1

17

Hnh 2.1: S ca h thng lm mt hin ti

18

Hin ti, lu lng khng kh u ra ca cc qut c iu khin bng cc

van ng, m ti cc ng c mt chiu. Nu trong dn cc c mt vi ng
c khng lm vic th cc van cp kh lm mt vo cc ng c ng li.
Lu lng gi lm mt cp vo cc ng c ang hot ng tng ln vt qua
nhu cu lm mt. Do vy gy lng ph v nng lng in do cc ng c
qut lun chy cng sut nh mc. Ngoi ra, h thng hin ti cn c mt
s nhc im sau:
Chi ph vn hnh ln do vic lun phi thao tc bng tay. Mi khi h
thng hot ng, nhn vin vn hnh phi ln cng trng i tt c 18
gi cn m ca gi. Theo yu cu ca k hoch sn xut, c nhng
sn phm phi b mt s gi cn. Do nhn vin vn hnh phi ng
ca gi ca nhng gi cn khng x dng. Tuy nhin khi chuyn sang
cn sn phm khc li cn nhng gi cn m sn phm trc khng
cn. Vic ny rt nguy him khi nhn vin vn hnh khng ln kim tra
ca gi cc gi cn, khng m ca gi. Dn n ng c c th b chy
nu khng pht hin kp thi. Hin trng ny d xy ra khi k hoch
chuyn sn phm vo ca ba.
Chi ph cho qun l ln do khng gim st c h thng. C th dn
n hng thit b, ng c chy, nhn vin vn hnh khng kim tra h
thng v x l kp thi s c.
Chi ph v bo dng, thay th do cc thit b c kh, in b mn mi.
Tui th ca ng c qut v ca thit b trong h thng khng cao.
Chnh v vy m em xin xut gii php tit kim in nng v t ng
ha cho h thng qut lm mt cho ng c DC vi cc mc tiu sau:
Gim lng in nng tiu th ca qut.
Nng cao cht lng iu khin lu lng kh lm mt.
Gim st nhu cu lm mt ca ng c .
Nng cao n nh v tui th ca qut v ca ton h thng

19

T ng ha qu trnh ng, m ca gi ng c DC.

2.2. Gii php k thut
2.2.1. Cu trc ca h thng
Gii php t ng ha ng m ca gi ng c DC v tit kim in
nng cho qut gi trong h thng lm mt cho ng c DC c xy dng
trn c s p dng h thng chuyn ng c tc thay i iu khin lu
lng gi ca qut
Trong qu trnh thc tp ti cng ty thp Vit-Hn em i su nghin
cu tm hiu h thng lm mt ng c in mt chiu DC v nhn thy
nhng hn ch ca h thng. V vy em xin a ra gii php k thut khc
phc nhng hn ch ca h thng. Gii k thut c trnh by nh sau:
S cu trc ca h thng c m t hnh 2.2. H thng iu khin
lu lng qut c cu hnh nh sau:

20

Hnh 2.2: S ca h thng c ci tin

21

Bin tn iu khin tc ca ng c qut.

Cm bin nhit .
B PLC S7-200.
Bng hin th v iu khin.
2.2.2. Gii thiu bin tn
Bin tn c s dng l loi c thit k ring cho cc ng dng ca
bm v qut. Kt hp bin tn vi ng c s to ra mt h thng truyn ng
c th thay i c tc ca ng c bng cch thay i tn s vo ng
c. Do vy lu lng ca qut c iu khin bng cch thay i tc ca
ng c qut. Trong qu trnh hc tp v tm hiu thit b v cng ngh mi.
Em la chn bin tn ABB iu khin tc qut gi cho h thng lm
mt ng c in mt chiu.
2.2.2.1. Cch u dy:
- n vo 4 nt n cc gc trn v di bin tn cng mt lc. Tho b
np che bn ngoi.
- Kim tra nhn hiu ca bin tn, s seri.
ASC101: Bin tn loi 1 pha.
ASC 103: Bin tn loi 3 pha
- Kim tra loi ngun cp: Nu ngun cp l 3 pha khng c trung tnh
ni t th s dng b lc RFI v bin tn c kh nng b ni ngn mch
vi t.
- Kim tra ng c : ng c c phi l loi 3 pha 200-240 V hoc 380480 V, tn s nh mc 50 hoc 60 Hz. Dng in nh mc ca ng
c phi nh hn hoc bng dng in nh mc u ra ca bin tn.

22

Hnh 2.3: S u dy

23

2.2.2.2. Cc u ni ng lc
Bng 2.2. Cc u ni ng lc
u ni

M T

Ghi ch

L, N

Ngun vo xoay chiu 1

pha

U1, V1,
W1

Ngun vo xoay chiu 3

pha

Khng dng ngun mt pha

Bo v ni t

Ti thiu cp ng 4 mm

PE
U2, V2,
W2

u ra cng sut ti ng Chiu di ln nht tu thuc vo

c
loi bin tn

Uc+. Uc-

in p mt chiu 325V

Dnh cho cc b ngt/in tr hm

Ni vi phn v cp ca
ng c
2.2.2.3. Cc u ni iu khin
Bng 2.3: Cc u ni iu khin
X1 K hiu

M t

SCR

u ni cho v boc cp tn hiu

AI1

u vo tng t 1, lp trnh c.
Mc nh: 0-10 V(Ri= 190 k) (S1:1:U) 0-50 Hz tn s
u ra.

AGND

0-20 mA (Ri= 500 ) (S1:1:I) 0-50 Hz tn s u ra.

phn gii 0.1%, chnh xc 1%

10V

AI2

in p ngun 10V/10mA cho trit p, chnh xc 2%.

u vo tng t 2, lp trnh c.
Mc nh: 0-10V (Ri= 190 k) (S1:2:U).

24

0-20 mA (Ri= 500) (S1:2:I).

phn gii 0.1%, chnh xc 1%.
6

AGND

u ni chung cho u s vo
u ra tng t lp trnh c.

AO

Mc nh: 0-20 mA (ti < 500) 0-50 Hz.

chnh xc: 3%.
u ni tng cho cc tn hiu vo s tr v.

AGND

12V

Ngun ra ph 12V DC/100mA (i vi AGND). Bo v ngn

mch.

DCOM

u ni chung cho u vo s. kch hot mt u vo s,

phi c in p +12V (hoc -12V) gia u vo v
DCOM. in p 12V c th c cp t bn trong bin tn
hoc t ngun 12-24 V bn ngoi.

10

u vo s

11

12

DI1

DI2

Nh sn xut(0)

Nh sn xut (1)

Khi ng, kch hot DI1

khi ng bin tn. ng c
s tng tc ti tn s t.
Ngt s dng ng c. ng
c ngng ngay sau khi c tn
hiu dng.

Khi ng. Nu DI2 c

kch hot, vic kch hot lp
tc DI1 s lm chy bin tn.

o chiu. Kch hot DI2

o chiu quay ng c.

Dng. Vic ngng kch hot

lp tc DI2 lun lm bin tn
dng li.

13

DI3

Chy th. Kch hot DI3

o chiu. Kch hot DI3
t tn s mc nh khng i o chiu quay.
5 Hz.

14

DI4

Khng c kch hot.

15

DI5

Chn thi gian tng/gim tc. Kch hot chn thi gian
tng gim tc l 60s

25

Khng c kch hot.

DO1A

u ra r le 1, lp trnh c (mc nh: bo li ).

16
Tn hiu li: DO 1A v DO1B h mch.
DO1B

12V-250 VAC/30 VDC,10 mA-2A

DO2A

u ra r le 1, lp trnh c (mc nh: bo li).

17

18
Tn hiu chy: DO2A v DO 2B ngn mch.
DO2B

12V-250V AC/30V DC, 10mA-2A.

19

2.2.2.4. Cc s u u dy iu khin

26

Cu hnh u vo s
Factory(0)
Kt ni NPN
Chy
Th

o
Chiu

Chy
Dng

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

X1
1
2
3
4
5
6

Tn hiu t tn 0 .20mA
s t ngun dng
SCR

SCR
AI 1
AGND
10 V
AI 2

16
17
18
19

AI 1
AGND

S 1: 1:U
S 1: 2

S 1: 1:U
S 1: 2

10 V
AI 2
AGND
AO
AGND
12 V
DCOM
DI 1
DI 2
DI 3
DI 4
DI 5
RO 1A
RO 1B
RO 2A
RO 2B

AGND
X1
1
2
3

1-10 k

Cu hnh u vo s
Factory(0)
Kt ni PNP
o chiu

13
14
15

SCR

ON ON

1-10 k

ON ON

X1
1
2
3

Dng

Chy

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

SCR
AI 1
AGND
10 V
AI 2
AGND
AO
AGND
12 V
DCOM
DI 1
DI 2
DI 3
DI 4
DI 5
RO 1A
RO 1B
RO 2A
RO 2B

Hnh 2.4: S u dy iu khin

27

2.2.2.5. Cc cnh bo v bo li t n LED.

Bng 2.4: Cc cnh bo v li n LED
n LED : Tt

Hot ng khng bnh thng

n LED xanh: Nhy

Hot ng khc thng:

Nguyn nhn c th:

Thi gian tng gim tc qu
nhanh so vi mmen yu cu
ca ti.
Do ngt in p ngn hn.
Li

ACS 140 khng chp hnh

ton b cc lnh iu khin.
n nhp nhy trong 15 giy
n LED : Bt
n LED xanh: Bt
Hnh ng:

Nguyn nhn c th:

t tn hiu dng xo li.

t tn hiu chy khi ng
bin tn.
Ch :

Qa dng ngn hn.

Qa/ thp p.
Qa nhit.
Kim tra:

Nu bin tn khng th lm vic,

kim tra xem in p vo c trong
di cho php

Ngun cp mt pha hoc c

nhiu.
Phn c kh hng, c th gy
qu dng.
Phn tn nhit c sch khng.
Li

n LED : Nhp nhy

n LED xanh: Bt
Hnh ng:

Nguyn nhn c th:

Tt ngun cp.
Ch n lc cc n LED tt.
Bt ngun cp tr li.
Cnh bo! Hnh ng ny c th
khi ng bin tn.

Li chm mt u ra.
Ngn mch.
Kim tra:
Cch in ca ng c.

28

2.2.2.6.S dng bn phm iu khin

Hnh 2.5: Bn phm iu khin

Bn phm iu khin c dng lp trnh to tham s cho bin tn, sao

chp d liu gia cc bin tn, theo di cc bin qu trinh. C th lp hoc
tho bn phm iu khin khi bin tn bt c lc no.
Ngay khi bin tn c cp in, bn phm s hin th v tr hin thi ca
kho chuyn S1 trong 1 giy, VD CF 0 nu S1 v tr 0.
Bin tn c iu khin hai ch REM (t xa) v LOC (ti ch). Khi
cp ngun ln u tin cho bin tn, ch hot ng l REM. ch ny,
cc tn hiu iu khin t cc kho chuyn mch, nt n, tay gt, trit p
a v cc u vo tng t v s iu khin bin tn. Ch LOC l ch
nhp lnh iu khin t bn phm.

29

 chuyn i gia ch LOC v REM, gi c hai phm Menu v

Enter cng mt lc cho n khi mn hnh hin th Loc hoc LCr.
Nu ngng bm khi mn hnh ang hin th Loc, gi tr tn s t cho
bn phm l tn s ang c t t ngun dng hoc trit p bn
ngoi. Bin tn ngng chy sau .
Nu ngng bm khi mn hnh ang hin th Lcr, ton b trng thi
chy/dng v tn s t u vo/ra bn ngoi c sao chp vo bn
phm.
t cho bin tn chy hoc dng n nt CHY/DNG.
Thay i chiu quay ca trc ng c n nt O CHIU.
Chuyn tr li ch iu khin t xa bn ngoi (REM) bng cch n
v gi 2 nt MENU v ENTER cng mt lc n khi mn hnh hin th
REM.
Hin th chiu quay:
FWD/REW khng i

FWD/REW nhp nhy nhanh

Chiu quay l thun/ngc.

ng c ang chy tn s
t.
ng c ang tng/gim tc.

FWD/REW nhp nhy chm

ng c ang ngng chy.

2.2.2.7. u im ca bin tn
ng c lm mt ng c in mt chiu s c iu khin thng qua
bin tn.
Nhit ca ton h thng khng i vi s bin thin tng hoc gim
ca nhit (cm bin nhit t ti mi ng c ca h thng gi
cn c nhit cao nht s phn hi thng s v cho bin tn).
Vi phng php iu khin U/f, do tc ng c c th thay i
mt cch linh hot.

30

Dng khi ng c hn ch s khng gy st p khi khi ng s

khng nh hng n cc thit b khc.
Qu trnh Stop, Start c mm ha nn gim tn hi cho n c v mt
c kh, cho h truyn ng cng nh v mt in. Chi ph bo dng
gim.
Khng gii hn s ln khi ng.
C chc nng bo v: qu p, thp p, qu nhit, bo v nhit ng c,
bo v ngn mch, o pha,
2.2.3. Cm bin nhit
Cm bin nhit c dng o nhit ca trn ng c DC.
S lng cm bin nhit cng nhiu cng m bo tt cho vic lm mt
cc ng c. y, khu vc ng c DC chia lm 4 vng. Qua qu trnh theo
di v nghin cu tm hiu, ta s t mt sensor o nhit mi vng ti v
tr m nhit ng c DC in hnh (c nhit cao nht). 4 tn hiu nhit
s c (Converter) thnh 4 tn hiu in c di (420mA) v c a
v PLC x l tn hiu. Trong gii php k thut m em xut, cm bin
nhit LM335 c s dng trong gii php. Cm bin LM335 c mt
s c im.
Hnh dng ca cm bin c 3 chn chnh: 2 chn cp ngun v 1 chn out
tn hiu Analog.
Khi ta cp in p cho LM335 th nhit o c t cm bin s
chuyn thnh in p. Tng ng ti chn s 2 (Vout). in p ny c t l
vi gii nhit m n o c. Vi gii ca nhit u ra l 10mV/K.
Hot ng trong gii in p t 0 cho n 10 V v gii nhit o c t
00C n 1000C

31

2.2.4. B PLC S7-200

2.2.4.1. Tng quan v h PLC S7-200 ca hng Siemens
C hai series: 21x (loi c khng cn sn xut na) v 22x (loi mi).
V mt tnh nng th loi mi c u im hn nhiu. Bao gm cc loi CPU
sau: 221, 222, 224, 224XP, 226, 226XM trong CPU 224XP c h tr
analog 2I/1O onboard v 2 port truyn thng.
Bng 2.5: Cc loi CPU S7-200

Bng 2.6: So snh c im v thng s k thut series 22x

32

2.2.4.2. Hnh dng bn ngoi.

Cc n trng thi:
n RUN-mu xanh: Ch nh PLC ch lm vic v thc hin
chng trnh c np vo b nh chng trnh.
n STOP-mu vng: Ch nh PLC ch STOP, dng chng
trnh ang thc hin li (cc u ra u ch off).
n SF-mu , n bo hiu h thng b hng c ngha l li phn
cng hoc h iu hnh. y cn phn bit r li h thng vi li chng
trnh ngi dng, khi li chng trnh ngi dng th CPU khng th nhn
bit c v trc khi download xung CPU, phn mm lp trnh lm
nhim v kim tra trc khi dch sang m my.

Hnh 2.6: CPU S7-200 v cc module

33

 n Ix.x-mu xanh: Ch nh trng thi On/Off ca u vo s.

n Qx.x-mu xanh: Ch nh trng thi On/Off ca u vo s.
Port truyn thng ni tip: RS 485 protocol, 9 chn s dng cho vic
phi ghp vi PC, PG, TD200, TD200C, OP, mng bin tn, mng cng nghip.
Tc truyn - nhn d liu theo kiu PPI tc chun l 9600 baud.
Tc truyn - nhn d liu theo kiu Freeport l 300 38400 baud.

Hnh 2.7: Cu trc ca port RS 485

Bng 2.7: M t chc nng ca cc chn ca port RS

Cng tc chn ch :
+ Cng tc chn ch RUN: Cho php PLC thc hin chng trnh,
khi chng trnh gp li hoc gp lnh STOP th PLC s t ng chuyn sang

34

ch STOP mc d cng tc vn ch RUN (nn quan st n trng

thi).
+ Cng tc chn ch STOP: Khi chuyn sang ch STOP, dng
cng bc chng trnh ang chy, cc tn hiu ra lc ny u v off.
+ Cng tc chn ch TERM: cho php ngi vn hnh chn mt
trong hai ch RUN/STOP t xa, ngoi ra ch ny c dng
download chng trnh ngi dng.
Vt chnh nh tng t: Mi CPU c t 1 n 2 vt chnh nh
tng t, c th xoay c mt gc 270, dng thay i gi tr ca bin s
dng trong chng trnh.
Pin v ngun nui b nh: S dng t vn nng v pin. Khi nng
lng ca t b cn kit PLC s t ng chuyn sang s dng nng lng t pin.
2.2.4.3. Mt s ng dng quan trng trong S7-200.
c tn hiu Analog.
Tn hiu analog l cc tn hiu tng t (0-10V, hoc 4-20mA), hu
ht cc ng dng ca chng trnh PLC Siemens ni ring hay cc ng dng
khc u cn phi c cc tn hiu Analog. Tn hiu Analog c th l tn hiu
t cc cm bin o khong cch, cm bin o p sut, cm bin o nhit
a. c tn hiu Analog t Modul EM231.
Cc tn hiu c th c c t Modul EM231(ty thuc vic chn
switch trn Modul):
- Tn hiu n cc (tn hiu in p) : 0-10VDC, 0-5VDC
- Tn hiu lng cc (tn hiu in p) : -5VDC-5VDC, -2.5VDC2.5VDC
- Tn hiu dng in : 0-20mA (c th c c 4-20mA)
Tn hiu s c c vo AIW0, AIW2 tng ng, ty thuc vo
v t ca tn hiu a vo Modul.

35

Modul EM231c 4 g vo Analog, do vy v tr cc g tng

ng: AIW0, AIW2, AIW4, AIW6
Tn hiu Analog l tn hiu in p, tuy nhin gi tr m AIW
c vo khng phi l gi tr in p, m l gi tr c quy
i tng ng 16bit.
Trng hp n cc : Gi tr t 0-64000 tng ng vi (0-10V,
0-5V hay 0-20mA)
Trng hp lng cc : Gi tr t -32000 32000 tng ng
vi (-5VDC 5VDCD hay -2.5VDC 2.5VDC)
b. Kt ni TD 200.
TD200 l mn hnh giao tip vi CPU S7-200, mn hnh TD200 l
mn hnh dng Text cho php ngi x dng thay i d liu, cnh
bo khi gp s c, tuy nhin loi mn hnh ny khng c phn mm
chuyn bit cho vic lp trnh, m vic lin kt vi n phi thng
qua chng trnh S7-200, ngha l c th lin kt vi TD200,
trong chng trnh S7-200 ta phi thc hin vic nh dng bng
Wizard.
2.3. Tnh nng ca h thng
Ch chy lun phin ng c.
Vn hnh t ng, iu chnh tc ca qut theo gi tr nhit ln
nht, m bo yu cu lm mt.
T ng vn hnh thm ng c qut khi nhu cu lm mt tng vt
qu nh mc ca mt ng c.
Vn hnh trc tip (khng qua bin tn) khi bin tn c s c, PLC c s c.
2.4. Nguyn l hot ng
Vn hnh khng qua bin tn: Chn kha chuyn mch v mch
iu khin c v vn hnh h thng nh ban u (trc khi lp bin

36

tn). Khi vn hnh khng qua bin tn nhn vin vn hnh mun chy
qut gi lm mt h thng ng c in mt chiu, phi xung trc tip
t iu khin t ngay ti v tr hm qut gi v chy h thng qut vi
tc qut chy ch nh mc. ng thi phi xem k hoch cn
sn phm g ln cng trng ng, m ca gi ng c mt chiu
cho ng.
Vn hnh t ng qua bin tn: B PLC c chc nng thay i cc
ng c qut c iu chnh tc bng bin tn. Khi qut s 1 c
khi ng v iu chnh tc nh bin tn. tn hiu nhit ln nht
ca cc ng c c a v bin tn thng qua b PLC. Bin tn s
iu chnh tc ca ng c qut s 1 m bo gi tr nhit l
khng i v vi bng gi tr t trn bin tn. Trong trng hp ng
c qut s 1 chy vi cng sut t nh mc m gi tr nhit phn
hi vn cao hn gi tr t th b PLC s t ng khi ng ng c
qut s 2 chy vi cng sut nh mc cn bin tn vn iu khin tc
ng c qut s 1 t nhit yu cu.
i vi vic ng m cc ca gi ca ng c in mt chiu khi c
k hoch cn. ng vi mi loi sn phm s s dng bao nhiu gi cn,
th PLC s x l tin hiu t ng ng m cc ca gi ca ng c
gi cn. Ga s cn sn phm thp cun s dng tt c 18 gi cn v 6 gi
Block . Ngi vn hnh s load chng trnh cn sn phm thp cun vo
PLC chnh. Tn hiu c gi v PLC S7-200, PLC s x l v a ra tn
hiu m ca gi tt c cc gi cn. Khi cn sn phm thp cy ngi vn
hnh s load chng trnh cn sn phm thp cy. Ty theo cn sn phm
D to hay b m PLC s x l ng m ca gi cc gi cn. Trnh lng
ph lu lng gi dn n tiu hoa in nng ln.

37

2.5. Kt lun
Vi gi php t ng ha, s dng bin tn iu khin tc ca
ng c lm mt theo nhit ca ng c v t ng ng, m gi ng c
ca cc gi cn th yu cu cng ngh ca h thng c p ng. H thng
c kim sot tt trnh tnh trng m ca gi cho ng c gi cn khng s
dng, v ng ca gi ng c gi cn khi ng c lm vic. ng thi ng
c lun lm vic trong vng nhit cho php. Chi ph in nng c tit
kim do lu lng gi lm mt c iu chnh ph hp vi yu cu, gim
c tn tht nng lng. Vic vn hnh h thng qua bin tn v chy lun
phin cc ng c lm gim chi ph vn hnh v bo dng thit b.

38

CHNG 3.
THIT K V CH TO M HNH H THNG LM MT
NG C GI CN
3.1. Tng quan v m hnh h thng lm mt ng c gi cn
M hnh

H THNG LM MT NG C IN MT CHIU

/K C QUT GI
FAN A

FAN B

FAN C

ON

ON

ON

OFF

OFF

OFF

Qut A

Qut B

Qut C

/K NG M CA GI GI CN

ON

ON

ON

ON

OFF

OFF

OFF

OFF

Cm bin T
C/T CHUYN MCH

/K

10

AUTO

Ga cn th

Ga cn trung

Ga cn tinh

Ga cn block

Hnh 3.1:Tng quan m hnh

M hnh thc t:
Gm:
- Mt bng iu khin chiu di 60cm chiu rng 40cm.
- H thng cc bng n hin th ch lm vic ca h thng lm mt
ng c in mt chiu.
- H thng cc cng tc, nt nhn, trit p, rle trung gian iu khin h thng.

39

Trong :

Bng iu khin c lm bng khung nhm knh y l ni lp rp cc

thit b iu khin ca h thng.
H thng bng n gm 8 bng
- Ba bng mu xanh hin th trng thi ng c qut gi A, B, C ang lm
vic. Bng mu lin k vi bng mu vng, hai bng ny hin th
tc ca ng c qut gi A chy qua bin tn vi cc tn s bng
vng hin th ng c chy tn s trung bnh. Bng hin th ng
c chy tn s cao. Bng xanh trn bng vng hin th ng c chy
tn s thp.
- Bn bng mu hin th trng thi ng m ca gi ng c gi cn
Th, Trung, Tinh, Block.
H thng cc cng tc nt nhn:
- Mt cng tc chuyn mch ca h thng t ch Auto sang ch
iu khin bng tay
- By nt nhn thng ng c dng dng ng c qut gi A, B, C
v ng c ng m ca gi cc gi cn.
- Mt trit p c dng nh cm bin nhit .
- Bn cng tc gt mt v tr c dng to tn hiu u vo cho PLC.
Cu trc m hnh ca h thng
H thng lm mt ng c in mt chiu gi cn c chia lm hai khi:
- Khi th nht: L h thng cc ng c qut gi gm 3 qut. Trong
2 qut lm vic (A, B) v mt qut (C) d phng khi mt trong 2 qut
(A, B) gp s c. ng c qut gi s dng l ng c rto dy qun,
khi ng ch sao, lm vic ch tam gic.

40

- Khi th hai: L h thng cc ng c rto lng sc ng m ca gi

ca cc gi cn Th, Trung, Tinh, Bolck
3.2. Ch hot ng ca h thng lm mt ng c gi cn
H thng lm vic hai ch :
- Ch t ng.
- Ch iu khin bng tay.
Ch t ng:
B PLC c chc nng thay i cc ng c qut c iu chnh tc
bng bin tn.Th hin l cc n tn hiu s sng v tt ty theo tn
hiu iu khin ca PLC thng qua tn hiu gi vo bng bin tr(cm
bin nhit thay bng bin tr ). Khi qut s 1 c khi ng v iu
chnh tc nh bin tn, n 1 sng. Tn hiu nhit ln nht ca
cc ng c c a v bin tn thng qua b PLC. Bin tn s iu
chnh tc ca ng c qut s 1( th hin bng vic n 2, 3 sng
) m bo gi tr nhit l khng i v vi bng gi tr t trn
bin tn. Trong trng hp ng c qut s 1 chy vi cng sut t
nh mc m gi tr nhit phn hi vn cao hn gi tr t (tng in
p ca bin tr a vo PLC) th b PLC s t ng khi ng ng c
qut s 2 chy vi cng sut nh mc n 4 sng. Cn bin tn vn
iu khin tc ng c qut s 1 t nhit yu cu.
i vi vic ng m cc ca gi ca ng c in mt chiu khi c
k hoch cn. ng vi mi loi sn phm s s dng bao nhiu gi cn,
th PLC s x l tin hiu t ng ng m cc ca gi ca ng c
gi cn. Ga s cn sn phm thp cun s dng tt c 18 gi cn v 6
gi Block (c 4 n ng vi cc gi cn Th, Trung, Tinh, Block u
sng). Ngi vn hnh s load chng trnh cn sn phm thp cun
vo PLC chnh. Tn hiu c gi v PLC S7-200, PLC s x l v a

41

ra tn hiu m ca gi tt c cc gi cn. Khi cn sn phm thp cy

ngi vn hnh s load chng trnh cn sn phm thp cy. Ty theo
cn sn phm D to hay b m PLC s x l ng m ca gi cc gi
cn (c th 3 n cng sng, hoc 2 n sng.. ). Trnh lng ph lu
lng gi dn n tiu hoa in nng ln.
Ch iu khin bng tay:
Chn kha chuyn mch v mch iu khin c v vn hnh h thng
nh ban u (trc khi lp bin tn). Khi vn hnh khng qua bin tn
nhn vin vn hnh mun chy qut gi lm mt h thng ng c in
mt chiu, phi xung trc tip t iu khin t ngay ti v tr hm
qut gi v chy h thng qut vi tc qut chy ch nh mc.
ng thi phi xem k hoch cn sn phm g ln cng trng
ng, m ca gi ng c mt chiu cho ng.
3.3. S nguyn l hot ng ca h thng qut gi
3.3.1. S nguyn l hot ng ca qut (A)
3.3.1.1. S mch iu khin.

42

LOCAL BOX

LOCAL

REMOTE

PBL
STOP
PBL
RUN

201

202

203

204

205

206

380V 50HZ

R
S
T

CONTROL
SOURCE
AC 220V
50HZ

FUSE

R1

03

15
MCCB 3P

K3

49X
16
A01

88M

MOTOR CONTROL CENTTER

A02

20
MCCB
AX

04

02

88D
88M

10

21

EOCR

2-CT

88D

88Y

88Y
05

07

08

8
88Y

T
06

88MX

88M

REX
1

88D

9
09
T

MCH IU KHIN QUT GI (A)

Hnh 3.2: S mch iu khin qut A

43

88D

105

106

10

3.3.1.2. Nguyn l hot ng.

Qut gi A lm vic hai ch :
Ch lm vic t ng chy qua bin tn.
Ch lm vic iu khin bng tay.
Ch lm vic t ng chy qua bin tn:
Qut c iu khin thng qua bin tn, nh PLC thu tn hiu qua cc
cm bin nhit , PLC x l v a ra tn hiu iu khin cho bin
tn. Bin tn s iu chnh tc ca qut cho ph hp vi nhit ,
bng vic tng gim tn s. Khi bin tn gp s c ngi vn hnh s
chuyn qut A v ch lm vic nh ban u, trc khi cha nng
cp ci tin.
Ch lm vic iu khin bng tay:
ch ny qut A c iu khin hai v tr:
Ch iu khin ti ch.
Ch iu khin t xa.
Ch iu khin ti ch.
Ngi vn hnh s chuyn cng tc v v tr (Local). Sau n nt
nhn thng m (Run). Sau khi n nt (Run) s cp in cho cun ht ca cc
khi ng t (88M), (88MX), (88Y), v cun ht ca rle thi gian (T). Khi
ng t (88M) c in s ht tip im thng m 88M(3,4) duy tr. ng
thi ht tip im bn mch ng lc 88M. Khi ng t (88Y) c in s
nh tip im thng ng 88Y(4,8) kha cho khng cp in cho cun
ht ca khi ng t (88D). ng thi ht tip im thng m bn mch
ng lc 88Y. ng c khi ng ch sao. Sau mt khong thi gian
c t trc rle thi gian (T) tc ng ht tip im thng m ng
chm T(9) v nh tip im thng ng m chm T(6). Khi ng t (88Y)
mt in ng tip im thng ng 88Y(4,8) cp in cho khi ng t

44

(88D). Khi ng t (88D) c in s tc ng ht tip im thng m

88D(9) duy tr. ng thi ht tip im lin ng thng ng 88D (4,5)
ngt ngun cho rle thi gian (T), v khi ng t (88Y). Lc ny ng c
qut gi A chuyn sang lm vic ch tam gic. Trong qu trnh lm vic
nu xy ra s c, ng c lun c bo v bng rle qu dng khi s c qu
ti xy ra. Rle qu dng s tc ng cp in cho khi ng t (49X). Khi
ng t (49X) s tc ng nh tip im thng ng 49X(15,16) ngt
ton b ngun in ca cc rle v khi ng t pha sau. Trong trng hp
xy ra s c ngn mch p t mt (MCCB) s tc ng ngt in ton b
thit b pha sau.
Ch iu khin t xa.
Ngi vn hnh chuyn cng tc t v tr ti ch sang v tr iu khin
t xa trn bng iu khin. chy qut ti v tr trn phng iu khin trung
tm. Qa trnh lm vic v tr t xa cng tng t v tr ti ch.
3.3.2. S nguyn l hot ng ca qut (B).
3.3.2.1. S mch iu khin.

45

LOCAL BOX

LOCAL

REMOTE

PBL
STOP
PBL
RUN

380V 50HZ

R
S
T

CONTROL
SOURCE
AC 220V
50HZ

FUSE

R1

N
15
49X

03

16

MCCB 3P

K3

20
MCCB
AX

A01

88M

21

A02

MOTOR CONTROL CENTTER

02

04

10

EOCR

2-CT

88D
88M

88D

88Y

88Y
05

07

08

8
88Y

88MX

06

88M

REX
1

88D

9
09
T

M
MCH IU KHIN QUT GI B

Hnh 3.3: S mch iu khin qut B

46

88D

107

109

12

13

3.3.2.2. Nguyn l hot ng.

Qut B c iu khin hai v tr:
Ch iu khin ti ch.
Ch iu khin t xa.
Ch iu khin ti ch.
Ngi vn hnh s chuyn cng tc v v tr (Local). Sau n nt
nhn thng m (Run). Sau khi n nt (Run) s cp in cho cun ht ca cc
khi ng t (88M), (88MX), (88Y), v cun ht ca rle thi gian (T). Khi
ng t (88M) c in s ht tip im thng m 88M(3,4) duy tr. ng
thi ht tip im bn mch ng lc 88M. Khi ng t (88Y) c in s
nh tip im thng ng 88Y(8) kha cho khng cp in cho cun ht
ca khi ng t (88D). ng thi ht tip im thng m bn mch ng
lc 88Y. ng c khi ng ch sao. Sau mt khong thi gian c t
trc rle thi gian (T) tc ng ht tip im thng m ng chm T(9) v
nh tip im thng ng m chm T(6). Khi ng t (88Y) mt in ng
tip im thng ng 88Y(8) cp in cho khi ng t (88D). Khi ng
t (88D) c in s tc ng ht tip im thng m 88D(9) duy tr.
ng thi ht tip im lin ng thng ng 88D (5) ngt ngun cho rle
thi gian (T) v khi ng t (88Y). Lc ny ng c qut gi B chuyn
sang lm vic ch tam gic. Trong qu trnh lm vic nu xy ra s c,
ng c lun c bo v bng rle qu dng khi s c qu ti xy ra. Rle
qu dng s tc ng cp in cho khi ng t (49X). Khi ng t (49X) s
tc ng nh tip im thng ng 49X(15,16) ngt ton b ngun in
ca cc rle v khi ng t pha sau. Trong trng hp xy ra s c ngn
mch p t mt (MCCB) s tc ng ngt in ton b thit b pha sau.

47

Ch iu khin t xa.
Ngi vn hnh chuyn cng tc t v tr ti ch sang v tr iu khin
t xa trn bng iu khin. chy qut ti v tr trn phng iu khin trung
tm. Qa trnh lm vic v tr t xa cng tng t v tr ti ch.

3.3.3. S nguyn l hot ng ca qut (C).

3.3.3.1. S mch iu khin.

48

LOCAL BOX

LOCAL

REMOTE

PBL
STOP
PBL
RUN

380V 50HZ

R
S
T

CONTROL
SOURCE
AC 220V
50HZ

FUSE

R1

N
15
49X

03

16

MCCB 3P

K3

20
MCCB
AX

A01

88M

21

A02

MOTOR CONTROL CENTTER

02

04

10

EOCR

2-CT

88D
88M

88D

88Y

88Y
05

07

08

8
88Y

88MX

06

88M

REX
1

88D

9
09
T

M
MCH IU KHIN QUT (C)

Hnh 3.4: S mch iu khin qut C

49

88D

108

110

15

16

3.3.3.2. Nguyn l hot ng.

Qut C c iu khin hai v tr:

Ch iu khin ti ch.

Ch iu khin t xa.
Ch iu khin ti ch.

Ngi vn hnh s chuyn cng tc v v tr (Local). Sau n nt

nhn thng m (Run). Sau khi n nt (Run) s cp in cho cun ht ca cc
khi ng t (88M), (88MX), (88Y), v cun ht ca rle thi gian (T). Khi
ng t (88M) c in s ht tip im thng m 88M(3,4) duy tr. ng
thi ht tip im bn mch ng lc 88M. Khi ng t (88Y) c din s
nh tip im thng ng 88Y(4,8) kha cho khng cp in cho cun
ht ca khi ng t (88D). ng thi ht tip im thng m bn mch
ng lc 88Y. ng c khi ng ch sao. Sau mt khong thi gian
c t trc rle thi gian (T) tc ng ht tip im thng m ng
chm T(9) v nh tip im thng ng m chm T(6). Khi ng t (88Y)
mt in ng tip im thng ng 88Y(4,8) cp in cho khi ng t
(88D). Khi ng t (88D) c in s tc ng ht tip im thng m
88D(9) duy tr. ng thi ht tip im lin ng thng ng 88D (4,5)
ngt ngun cho rle thi gian (T), v khi ng t (88Y). Lc ny ng c
qut gi A chuyn sang lm vic ch tam gic. Trong qu trnh lm vic
nu xy ra s c, ng c lun c bo v bng rle qu dng khi s c qu
ti xy ra. Rle qu dng s tc ng cp in cho khi ng t (49X). Khi
ng t (49X) s tc ng nh tip im thng ng 49X(15,16) ngt
ton b ngun in ca cc rle v khi ng t pha sau. Trong trng hp
xy ra s c ngn mch p t mt (MCCB) s tc ng ngt in ton b
thit b pha sau.

50

Ch iu khin t xa.
Ngi vn hnh chuyn cng tc t v tr ti ch sang v tr iu
khin t xa trn bng iu khin. Chy qut ti v tr trn phng
iu khin trung tm. Qa trnh lm vic v tr t xa cng
tng t v tr ti ch.
3.4. S nguyn l hot ng ca m hnh h thng qut gi lm mt
3.4.1. S mch iu khin.

51

24VDC
PLC

OFF

Q0.2

ON

Q0.3

Q0.4

K1

AM1

OFF

Q0.5

ON

AM2

K1

AM1

K2

AM1

K4

AM1

K3

OFF

ON

K5

AM1

AM1

K4

K5

AM1

K1

K2

K3

K4

K5

3 3

MCH IN K H THNG QUT GI LM MT /C DC

Hnh 3.4: S mch iu khin qut gi lm mt

52

AUTO

AM2

AM3

3.4.2. Nguyn l hot ng.

H thng qut gi lm mt ng c in mt chiu, lm vic hai ch :
- Ch lm vic t ng.
- Ch lm vic bng tay.
Ch t ng.
Chuyn cng tc trn t iu khin v v tr Auto. Khi chuyn cng tc
iu khin v v tr Auto, rle trung gian AM1, AM2, AM3 s c in.
Rle AM1 c in s ht tip im thng m AM1( 3,5) duy tr. ng
thi ht cc tip im thng m AM1(15,17), AM1(27,29), AM1(33,35)
v m cc tip im thng ng AM1(17,25), AM1(41,49). Rle AM2
c in s cc tip im thng m AM2(39,41). Lc ny h thng lm
vic ch t ng. Mi tc ng iu khin bng tay u khng c tc
dng. H thng c iu khin t ng bng b PLC S7-200. Mi tn
hiu iu khin c x l v a n cc rle trung gian K1, K2, K3, K4.
iu khin h thng qut gi. PLC a ra cc tn hiu iu khin, l
nh 4 cm bin nhit c t ti v tr gi cn c nhit nng nht
mi h thng cc gi cn Th, Trung, Tinh, Block. Do iu kin thc t
ln em thay cm bin nhit bng bin tr a ra cc tn hiu iu
khin c th nh sau:
- iu khin tc qut gi ta nh 4 cm bin. Mi cm bin c
t v tr m nhit ca ng c gi cn nng nht t cn Th, cn
Tinh, cn Trung, cn Block. Bn tn hiu ny c a v PLC so
snh. Nhit tng hay gim ca 4 cm bin c m phng bng mt
bin tr. Di lm vic ca cm bin nhit l t 00C n 1000C tng
ng mc in p t 0V n 10V
- Cm bin nhit s cm nhn nhit v a ra cc cc mc in p
khc nhau, nh PLC so snh v s l.

53

- Cm bin nhit cm nhn nhit t 00C 300C tng ng mc

in p ra l 0V n 3V PLC s s l v a ra tn hiu iu khin chy
qut A tn s thp n xanh 1 sng .
- Nhit tng ln n 400C tng ng mc in p 6V, PLC s
s l v a ra tn hiu iu khin chy qut A tn s trung bnh n
vng 2 sng .
- Nhit tng ln n 500C tng ng mc in p 8V, PLC s
s l v a ra tn hiu iu khin chy qut A tn s cao n 3
sng .
- Nhit tng ln > 500C tng ng mc in p >8 V, PLC s s l
v a ra tn hiu iu khin chy qut B n 4 sng.
Ch bng tay.
Chuyn cng tc trn t u khin v v tr iu khin. Cc rle trung
gian AM1, AM2, AM3 mt in lc ny h thng khng hot ng ch
t ng m chuyn v lm vic ch bng tay. H thng tr v ch
vn hnh nh ban u. Khi dy chuyn i vo hot ng nhn vin vn
hnh s vn hnh trc tip bng tay trn t iu khin. ng c s lun
hot ng ch nh mc.
Chy qut A n nt ON (47,49) cp in cho rle K1, rle K1 c in s
ht tip im thng m K1 (47,49) duy tr. ng thi ht tip im
thng m K1 (41,43) n 1 sng. Khi dng qut A n nt nhn thng
ng OF(45,47) ngt in rle trung gian K1 n 1 tt. Chy qut gi B
n nt thng m ON (23,25)
cp in cho rle trung gian K4. Rle trung gian K4 c in s ht tip
im thng m K4(23,25) duy tr. ng thi ht tip im thng m
K4 (17,19) n 4 sng. Khi dng qut gi B n nt nhn thng ng
OFF (21,23) ngt in rle trung gian K4 n 4 tt

54

Khi mt trong hai qut gi A hoc B gp s c. Qut C s c s dng.

Qut C ch lm vic mt ch iu khin bng tay. Qu trnh iu
khin qut C tng t nh ch iu khin bng tay qut A v qut B
3.5. S nguyn l hot ng ca m hnh h thng ng m ca gi ng
c gi cn
3.5.1. S mch iu khin.
24VDV
PLC

OFF

Q0.7

K9

ON

AM3

OFF

Q0.6

K8

ON

AM3

K9

OFF

AM2

Q0.1

K7

ON

AM2

AM2

K8

OFF

Q0.0

K6

ON

AM2

AM2

K7

AM2

K6

K9

K8

K7

K6

MCH K NG M CA GI C IN MT CHIU

Hnh 3.5: S mch iu khin ng m ca gi C in mt chiu

55

3.5.2. Nguyn l hot ng.

H thng ng m ca gi ng c in mt chiu lm vic hai ch :
- Ch t ng.
- Ch bng tay.
Ch t ng.
Chuyn cng tc trn t iu khin v v tr Auto. Khi chuyn cng tc
iu khin v v tr Auto, rle trung gian AM1, AM2, AM3 s c in.
Rle AM1 c in s ht tip im thng m AM1( 3,5) duy tr. Rle
AM2 c in s ht cc tip im thng m AM2 (51,53), AM2(63,65),
AM2(75,77) v m cc tip im thng ng AM2(53,61), AM2(65,73),
AM2(77,85). Rle AM3 c in s ht tip im thng m AM3(87,89),
ng thi m tip im thng ng AM3(89,97). Lc ny h thng lm
vic ch t ng. Mi tc ng iu khin bng tay u khng c tc
dng. H thng c iu khin bng b PLC S7- 200. Khi dy truyn
chun b hot ng. Ngi vn hnh ng cn s load chng trnh
cn,ng vi mi sn phm s c mt chng trnh cn tng ng. Do
tng ng s cn s dng nhng gi cn no v khng s dng nhng gi
cn no. T y tn hiu s c a v PLC x l. Sau khi PLC x l
xong s a ra tn hiu iu khin cp in cho cc rle trung gian m
ca gi ca cc gi cn. C th:
- Vi sn phm thp cun PLC s gi tn hiu m tt c cc ca gi t gi
cn Th, gi cn Trung, gi cn Tinh, gi cn Block
- Vi sn phm thp thanh, tu theo sn phm c ng knh to hay b s
quyt nh n s lng cc gi cn c s dng. Vi sn phm D10
PLC s a ra tn hiu iu khin m tt c cc ca gi t gi cn Th, gi

56

cn Trung, gi cn Tinh, v ng ca gi Block. Vi sn phm D25 PLC

s a ra tn hiu iu khin m ca gi cc gi cn Th, gi cn Tinh, gi
cn Trung, v ng ca gi gi cn Tinh, gi cn Block
Ch bng tay.
Chuyn cng tc trn t u khin v v tr iu khin. Cc rle trung
gian AM1, AM2, AM3 mt in lc ny h thng khng hot ng ch
t ng m chuyn v lm vic ch bng tay. ch iu khin
bng tay
3.6. S thut ton

57

Thut gii iu khin h thng lm mt /C gii cn

Start

K/ Dy Chuyn

Y
M ca gi
Cn th

Y
M ca gi
Cn th

M ca gi
Cn tinh

M ca gi
Cn block

<T< 30

N
D19-D36

M ca gi
Cn trung

M ca gi
Cn tinh

D10-D18

M ca gi
Cn th

M ca gi
Cn trung

Cn Cy

Cn Cun

Chy qut (A)

tn s thp

00

<T< 300

M ca gi
Cn trung

Chy qut (A)

tn s thp

00

<T< 300

N
300 <T<

400

Chy qut (A)

tn s tb

300 <T<

400

Chy qut (A)

tn s tb

300 <T<

N
40

<T< 50

Chy qut (A)

tn s cao

400 <T< 500

Y Chy qut (A)

tn s cao

400 <T< 500

N
500

<T

500

400

<T

Chy qut (B)

500

<T

Chy qut (B)

N
End

Hnh 3.6: S mch iu khin ng m ca gi C in mt chiu

58

3.7. S u dy ca m hnh
Bng 3.1: Khai bo u vo, u ra
TT

Symbol

Address

Auto/K

I0.0

K/ H thng

I0.1

Cn cun

I0.2

Cn cy

I0.3

Dng h thng

I0.4

ng ca gi cn tinh

I0.5

M ca gi BLOCK

Q0.0

M ca gi gi cn tinh

Q0.1

Chy qut A tn s thp

Q0.2

10

Chy qut A tn s TB

Q0.3

11

Chy qut Atn s cao

Q0.4

12

Chy qut B

Q0.5

13

M ca gi cn trung

Q1.0

14

M ca gi cn th

Q1.1

59

L
N

(+)

Q0.0 Q0.1Q0.2Q0.3

Q0.4 Q0.5

Q1.0 Q1.1

I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 I0.5

24V DC

Hnh 3.7: S dy

60

3.8. Chng trnh ca h thng.

61

62

63

Kt lun
Nc ta ang trong giai on cng nghip ho, hin i ho t
nc theo nh hng XHCN. Chuyn t nn sn xut Nng nghip sang nn
sn xut Cng nghip vi nhng my mc, trang thit b ngy cng hin i
lm gim sc lao ng cho con ngi, trnh cho con ngi lm vic
nhng ni c hi, nguy him cng vic c tnh lp i lp li v to ra c
nhng sn phm c cht lng v c nng sut cao. Chnh v th m dy
chuyn iu khin t ng c ra i.
Trn c s ti ca Em lm m hnh thu nh lThit k, b
iu khin cho h thng lm mt ng c 1 chiu bng PLC ca cng ty
Thp Vit-Hn.Trong qu trnh thc hin ti Em c gng ht sc cng
vi s gp v hng dn ca Thy gio Nguyn on Phong Cng vi cc
thy c trong khoa n nay m hnh sn phm ca Em hon thnh.
Trong qu trnh thc hin ti Em quen dn vi vic c lp,
bit cch t chc cng vic v sp xp thi gian mt cch hp l, rn luyn
cc k nng cn thit cho chuyn ngnh ca mnh. l nhng kt qu to ln
m chng em thu nhn c sau khi lm xong ti ny.
Do thi gian nghin cu c hn nn khng th trnh khi nhng sai
st, Em rt mong nhn c s gp , ch dn them ca cc thy c cng nh
kin ng gp ca cc bn ti ca Em c hon thin hn, p ng
y nhng mc tiu t ra.
Hin nay hu ht trong nh my, X nghip u p dng dy chuyn
sn xut t ng, cc h thng iu khin t ng. H thng iu khin t
ng dng PLC ang c ng dng rt rng di v nhng u im hn hn
ca h thng. Ta c th pht trin thm ti rng hn, cht lng hn vi
nhiu phn xng cn hn v lm mt nhanh hn. Em rt mong c s quan
tm v gip ca cc Thy c v cc bn ti sau c m rng hn v
ng dng vo thc t nhiu hn.
Em xin chn thnh cm n!

64

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Nguyn Xun Cng, L Thnh Sn (2003) PLC s7-200 i hc s phm
k thut Hng Yn
2. Nguyn Huy Mnh (2006) Gio trnh PLC Nh xut bn khoa hc k
thut
3. Thc s Chu Ch c K thut iu khin v lp trnh PLC SIMATIC
S7-200 Nh xut bn khoa hc k thut
4. Nguyn Thu Thin , Mai Xun V (2004) S tay hng dn lp trnh PLC
Nh xut bn tr

65

MC LC
LI NI U ................................................................................................. 1
CHNG 1. TNG QUAN V CNG TY................................................. 3
1.1. Gii thiu v Cng ty. ................................................................................ 3
1.2. Dy chuyn cn Cng ty thp Vit Hn..................................................... 3
1.3. Cng ngh cn thp Cng ty Vit - Hn(VPS) .......................................... 6
1.4. Quy trnh hot ng ca h thng cn nng lin tc (VPS) ...................... 6
1.5. H thng cung cp in 110/6,6KV ......................................................... 12
CHNG 2. HIN TRNG V GII PHP CA H THNG LM
MT NG C GI CN ......................................................................... 16
2.1.1. i tng c lm mt ....................................................................... 16
2.1.2. i tng thc hin nhim c lm mt ................................................ 17
2.2. Gii php k thut .................................................................................... 20
2.2.1. Cu trc ca h thng............................................................................ 20
2.2.2. Gii thiu bin tn ................................................................................. 22
2.2.3. Cm bin nhit ................................................................................. 31
2.2.4. B PLC S7-200 ..................................................................................... 32
2.2.4.1. Tng quan v h PLC S7-200 ca hng Siemens .............................. 32
2.2.4.2. Hnh dng bn ngoi. ......................................................................... 33
2.2.4.3. Mt s ng dng quan trng trong S7-200. ....................................... 35
2.3. Tnh nng ca h thng ............................................................................ 36
2.4. Nguyn l hot ng ................................................................................ 36
2.5. Kt lun .................................................................................................... 38
CHNG 3. THIT K V CH TO M HNH H THNG LM
MT NG C GI CN ......................................................................... 39
3.1. Tng quan v m hnh h thng lm mt ng c gi cn ...................... 39
3.2. Ch hot ng ca h thng lm mt ng c gi cn ....................... 41
3.3. S nguyn l hot ng ca h thng qut gi ................................... 42

66

3.3.1. S nguyn l hot ng ca qut (A) .............................................. 42

3.3.1.1. S mch iu khin. ...................................................................... 42
3.3.1.2. Nguyn l hot ng. ......................................................................... 44
3.3.2. S nguyn l hot ng ca qut (B). .............................................. 45
3.3.2.1. S mch iu khin. ...................................................................... 45
3.3.2.2. Nguyn l hot ng. ......................................................................... 47
3.3.3. S nguyn l hot ng ca qut (C). .............................................. 48
3.3.3.1. S mch iu khin. ...................................................................... 48
3.3.3.2. Nguyn l hot ng. ......................................................................... 50
3.4. S nguyn l hot ng ca h thng qut gi lm mt ..................... 51
3.4.1. S mch iu khin. ......................................................................... 51
3.4.2. Nguyn l hot ng. ............................................................................ 53
3.5. S nguyn l hot ng ca h thng ng m ca gi ng c gi cn . 55
3.5.1. S mch iu khin. ......................................................................... 55
3.5.2. Nguyn l hot ng. ............................................................................ 56
3.6. S thut ton........................................................................................ 57
3.7. S u dy ca m hnh ...................................................................... 59
3.8. Chng trnh ca h thng. ...................................................................... 59
KT LUN .................................................................................................... 64
TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................ 59

67